Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the cla...Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the clarity and density of expres-sion and involvement of listeners.Facial expressions whether or not correspond with exact thought could be"decoded"to influencethe extent of intelligibility of expression.Intonation can always reflect the mutual beliefs concerning the propositional content andstates of consciousness relating to the expression and interpretation.Therefore,these can considerably improve or abate the accura-cy of expression and interpretation of thought.展开更多
The forming process of the bodil y fault in doped W wire was observed by SEM and TEM. The forming kinetics was de scibed by the perturbing theory. The interaction among the bodily fault and the dislocation or the grai...The forming process of the bodil y fault in doped W wire was observed by SEM and TEM. The forming kinetics was de scibed by the perturbing theory. The interaction among the bodily fault and the dislocation or the grain boundary was also observed. The strengthen effect cause d by the interaction is counted initially by each submitted probable models. The results show that the strengthening mechanism at middle and high temperature is different.展开更多
Physical （bodily） contact among children and parents every day varies and its effect relates to the all-round personality development of the child. The purpose of this study is to present the attitudes and opinions ...Physical （bodily） contact among children and parents every day varies and its effect relates to the all-round personality development of the child. The purpose of this study is to present the attitudes and opinions of sixth-grade elementary students with regard to how parents interact with them physically as well as how the children would like the corresponding interaction with their parents to develop. The methodology was based on a case study. Data collection was conducted via a questionnaire with closed questions, which was distributed in person to sixth-grade students at two primary schools in the prefecture of Thessaloniki. Some results of the study indicate that more often children positively receive the ways in which their parents interact with them physically and desire physical contact with their parents even at this age. The involvement of parents and children in the sacramental life of the church seems to have a positive effect on physical contact among them. Gradually, however, children distance themselves from their parents as they enter puberty and seek physical contact with their parents selectively and only on special occasions such as their birthdays.展开更多
The Spanish scale to quantify or qualify bodily harm resulting from any unintentional traffic accident prior to 1 January 2016 is established by Royal Legislative Decree(RDL)8/2004.This scale assigns points to the seq...The Spanish scale to quantify or qualify bodily harm resulting from any unintentional traffic accident prior to 1 January 2016 is established by Royal Legislative Decree(RDL)8/2004.This scale assigns points to the sequelae,which are converted into Euros using a table that is updated annually.The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model of sequelae points that will enable the estimation of compensation a short time after the accident.This will facilitate the calculation of the money reserve and rapid access to compensation for the injured party.To conduct this study,we developed a database with information from 999 individuals who had suffered car crash injuries which were evaluated according to the scale contained in RDL 8/2004 for medical experts.Predictive models based on logistic regression models were designed on this database.To choose the best model,we calculated Mallow’s Cp.The use of hurdle models made it possible to predict the points received by an injured party within a relatively short period of time after the accident.Once these points are known,it is a simple matter to calculate the corresponding compensation.The prediction models developed provide an easy way to predict the compensation to be awarded to the injured party.These models use days of hospitalization,sex,age and the results of international scales based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale.These variables can be used soon after the occurrence of the crash.展开更多
Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has still spread globally. The occurrence of the Delta variant, which is more inf...Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has still spread globally. The occurrence of the Delta variant, which is more infectious and spreads faster than earlier forms of the virus that causes COVID-19, makes infection prevention more challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to gain a comprehensive insight into the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 for curbing the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in human populations.Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of 576 patients admitted consecutively to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 21 to June 8, 2020. These patients were chosen based on their similar clinical phenotypes or imaging findings. There were 21 (3.6%) laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (16 severe and 5 mild cases) and 555 non-COVID-19 patients. The antibody response and routes and duration of viral shedding were systematically evaluated in serial clinical specimens. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in a mouth rinse, urine, and tear samples. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (approval No. 2020-77).Results: SARS-CoV-2 mainly existed in sputum, nasal and throat swabs, and feces samples. Virus latency was longer in sputum and feces samples than in nasopharyngeal samples. IgG antibody response in respiratory samples was related to disease severity. Although droplets and aerosols are the major transmission routes for COVID-19, covert routes of transmission from asymptomatic patients, contaminated surfaces, and wastewater are also of interest.Conclusion: Our findings provide a solid foundation for developing prophylactic measures against SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
The Conceptual metaphors of Happiness between English and Chinese are contrasted from a cognitive perspective based on corpus.After data analysis,some similarities and differences between English Happiness metaphors a...The Conceptual metaphors of Happiness between English and Chinese are contrasted from a cognitive perspective based on corpus.After data analysis,some similarities and differences between English Happiness metaphors and Chinese Happiness metaphors are found.The conclusion is that the similarity between them is based on the same bodily experience,while the differences lie on different cultural models.展开更多
This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is consi...This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.展开更多
Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breas...Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breastfeeding, and childhood asthma. The advantage of qualitative research is it can provide valuable insights for health care professionals into the experience and perceptions of low gestational weight gain from the vantage point of women with first-hand lived experience. In this Heideggarian interpretive phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with low gestational weight gain were explored. Data were collected through interviews with 10 pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. Conroy’s pathway for interpretive phenomenology was utilized. A hermeneutical spiral of interpretation identified six patterns or major themes: confronting one’s mortality;defending oneself against a permanent metamorphosis into a stranger;playing with fire and brimstone;slipping under the radar;trying to find peace;and riding an emotional roller coaster. The findings point to a war that is being waged over pregnant bodies with respect to weight that leaves pregnant women fending for themselves, apparently with little help from their health care providers. Implications of the findings for health practice, education, and research are discussed.展开更多
The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been characterized as the first pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus and drawn intense attention in China and globally.With the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 rap...The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been characterized as the first pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus and drawn intense attention in China and globally.With the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 rapidly growing worldwide,people have been experiencing tremendous psychological distress during the pandemic.Elevated psychological stress could compromise the human capacity to fight against COVID-19.However,effective interventions and timely mental health care to increase resilience and improve psychological wel being is still lacking,which would be the focus of this article.In this article,we briefly summarize why meditation practice may have the potential to help minimize stress-related psychological symptoms associated with the coronavirus outbreak and how we can respond efficiently and effectively to this outbreak via taking advantage of meditation.We also provide a brief introduction of a meditation program that we developed and advocate to popularize meditation practice as a viable approach to improve wellbeing while combatting COVID-19 worldwide.展开更多
Background: Somatic symptoms that are not attributable to organic pathology are common in general practice settings however, data in most parts of Africa including southern Nigeria are still scarce. The aim of our stu...Background: Somatic symptoms that are not attributable to organic pathology are common in general practice settings however, data in most parts of Africa including southern Nigeria are still scarce. The aim of our study was to examine such somatic symptoms reported by patients attending a primary care facility at a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria as well as to motivate future research in this area. Method: The study was conducted at the General Out Patient Clinic (GOPC) of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). It was a cross sectional study in which data were obtained from the case notes of 115 patients that presented in the clinic with somatic complaints which could not be attributed to organic pathology by their physicians. Results: While 46 of the patients were males, 69 were females. Their mean age was 37.7 (SD = 11.9). Internal heat, crawling sensation, body pains and palpitations were the most prevalent symptoms reported by the patients. When the symptoms were sorted into various groups, the “subjective abnormal bodily sensation” was the most prevalent and far outnumbered the “pseudo neurological symptoms”. Conclusion: A number of patients attending the GOPC of the UCTH seek consultations for medically unexplained somatic symptom. The most prevalent of these symptoms are internal heat and crawling sensations both of which are not stated in the criteria recognized by the International Classification of Diseases—version 10 (ICD-10) for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.展开更多
High maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with high birthweight, large-for-gestational-age birthweights, cesarean delivery, child overweight, and short- and long-term postpartum weight retention. In this ph...High maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with high birthweight, large-for-gestational-age birthweights, cesarean delivery, child overweight, and short- and long-term postpartum weight retention. In this phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with high gestational weight gain were investigated. Data were collected through interviews with pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. van Manen’s method of phenomenology was utilized. The data analysis revealed four patterns or major themes: being caught off guard;losing your bearings;hanging on for dear life;and hoping for health. The participants experienced their gestational weight gain as an unexpected “wild ride” that they could not control. The findings highlight the need for health care professionals to provide pregnant women with more support concerning gestational weight gain.展开更多
Medical male circumcision has been adopted by the WHO, and other professional public health and medical bodies, as a vital weapon in the fight against HIV. This has prompted a large body of research into the acceptabi...Medical male circumcision has been adopted by the WHO, and other professional public health and medical bodies, as a vital weapon in the fight against HIV. This has prompted a large body of research into the acceptability of the procedure, attitudes to it, and barriers to it. A systematic review of these studies found that satisfaction with circumcision is strongly associated with having accurate knowledge about it. A survey-based paper by Earp, Sardi and Jellison entitled “False beliefs predict increased circumcision satisfaction in a sample of US American men” is the only one to find the opposite. It therefore merits scrutiny. The present article presents the results of a critical examination of the study. Serious flaws were discovered. Half of the small number of 10 “true/false” statements used in its survey are questionable. All the large body of literature that contradicts the findings of Earp and co-workers is ignored. Importantly, the crucial question about whether dissatisfied circumcised males hold false beliefs about circumcision is not considered. Unlike most of the research on the acceptability of circumcision, the study is not motivated by a desire to evaluate the likely effectiveness of a public health measure, or how best to implement it. Rather it appears to be an attempt by a prominent anti-circumcision activist and his associates to generate a body of literature that they can then cite to further their cause. Considering this, and the serious flaws it contains, the study should be dismissed as misleading, biased and undermining public health.展开更多
If we have gone through the first generation of housing design that?pursued functional optimization, ergonomics, and circulation efficiency during the last century, now we are living in the second generation where mor...If we have gone through the first generation of housing design that?pursued functional optimization, ergonomics, and circulation efficiency during the last century, now we are living in the second generation where more advanced goals, such as universal design, ubiquitous design, sustainable design, and environment-friendly design, are emphasized. Although this second generation of design focuses upon the wellness of humans in accordance with environment, it still has the attitude that a more precisely designed home can guarantee a better life. What lacks in this approach is the freedom of the body;it needs to make its own choice as to how to use a space. Thus, it is suggested in this paper that what is important in designing a home is to provide alternatives in daily lives so as to make a full exploration of a given space. These alternatives can be made by offering residents an interpretable space where they can figure out space usages and routs in a constantly changing context. Two spatial devices are discussed in depths as a way to realize this interpretable house: room-to-room enfilade and ring spatial structure. By investigating some existing house plans, it is illustrated how they can guarantee the freedom of the body, and thus alternatives for the flexible domestic life.展开更多
According to its own purposes, including survival, the cell reacts to the conditions of its medium. Such a vital phenomenon implies relational energetics. It includes unconscious psychic energy whose regulating model ...According to its own purposes, including survival, the cell reacts to the conditions of its medium. Such a vital phenomenon implies relational energetics. It includes unconscious psychic energy whose regulating model is the Life and Sense archetype. Its relational power could result from a natural algebraic property of extension. This extension can extend any organic magnitude to 4D event. Thus it allows some perception of the extracellular structure variations. This perception applies to moving forces of the cell signaling activators, through psychic energy. This psychical energy includes a potential, the cell attitude or status, and psychic moving forces, or tendencies. Insofar as the psychic potential is sensitive to proton structures, and the psychic moving forces are excitable by electron exchanges, a phase shift between us may occur. Medium stimulation by adequate magnetic fields could modulate this phase shift in a therapeutic direction.展开更多
With the new category of somatic symptom disorder/bodily distress disorder in ICD-11,research into pathogenetic and therapeutic pathways is stimulated.By turning away from the definition of somatoform disorders as“th...With the new category of somatic symptom disorder/bodily distress disorder in ICD-11,research into pathogenetic and therapeutic pathways is stimulated.By turning away from the definition of somatoform disorders as“the lack of something physical explaining everything”,this new classification might offer a way to put the focus on the individual patient’s psychodynamic balance and conflicts and their condensation in the symptom.Modelling and simulation have a long history in science to gain insight also into complex phenomena.Considering the evolution of precision medicine many different parameters are meanwhile operationalised and ready for consequent process research.Calculation models have to fit to the complexity of this disorder category.In an interdisciplinary discourse between computer and medical/psychoanalytic scientists a multilayer,fine grained calculation model is elaborated.Starting from a clinical case history,within iterative discussion,by acknowledging the demand for interdisciplinary synergy and cooperation in science,psychoanalytic theory served as the basis for computer-scientific information technique.A parallelisation with the Mealy model helped to establish a meaningful calculation possibility for further process research.How psychic transformations can be understood properly in order to provide meaningful treatments,the respective training,and to conduct appropriate process-and outcome-research is established in simulating the mind and applications.展开更多
Becoming a tea art practitioner, or charen （茶人）, involves cultivation of body and mind. This paper attempts to document the long-term process of bodily and mindful cultivation from an anthropological, participant-...Becoming a tea art practitioner, or charen （茶人）, involves cultivation of body and mind. This paper attempts to document the long-term process of bodily and mindful cultivation from an anthropological, participant-observation, and self-reflective point of view. I will describe my experiences from entering the world of Taiwan Residents tea art through learning the great variety of teas and the techniques for making them, designing my own tea sets, and performing in tea gatherings. This learning process has gone well beyond what is required of a researcher, or a good observer, because it has not only allowed me to understand, interpret, and analyze the aesthetics and ritual of Taiwan Residents tea art but it has also required that I ＂designs＂ or be creative in presenting Taiwan Residents tea art to my own cultural members. This substantially changes my status from the objective observer my profession requires, to a dedicated performer and even a designer/creator of my own culture. My self-reflexivity in this process points to not only methodological issues but also theoretical ones, including recent academic interest in materiality, cultural performance, lifestyle, bodily discipline, and the senses. Through self-reflection, I intends to reveal connections among them.展开更多
It is necessary to understand the changes of bodily form in the development of human body and scientific training of athletes. The classic examination method is to measure the straight line between two points on the h...It is necessary to understand the changes of bodily form in the development of human body and scientific training of athletes. The classic examination method is to measure the straight line between two points on the human bodily surface. How-展开更多
文摘Bodily gestures,facial expressions,and intonations are argued to be notably important features of spoken languagewhich are opposed to written language.Bodily gestures with or without spoken words can influence the clarity and density of expres-sion and involvement of listeners.Facial expressions whether or not correspond with exact thought could be"decoded"to influencethe extent of intelligibility of expression.Intonation can always reflect the mutual beliefs concerning the propositional content andstates of consciousness relating to the expression and interpretation.Therefore,these can considerably improve or abate the accura-cy of expression and interpretation of thought.
文摘The forming process of the bodil y fault in doped W wire was observed by SEM and TEM. The forming kinetics was de scibed by the perturbing theory. The interaction among the bodily fault and the dislocation or the grain boundary was also observed. The strengthen effect cause d by the interaction is counted initially by each submitted probable models. The results show that the strengthening mechanism at middle and high temperature is different.
文摘Physical （bodily） contact among children and parents every day varies and its effect relates to the all-round personality development of the child. The purpose of this study is to present the attitudes and opinions of sixth-grade elementary students with regard to how parents interact with them physically as well as how the children would like the corresponding interaction with their parents to develop. The methodology was based on a case study. Data collection was conducted via a questionnaire with closed questions, which was distributed in person to sixth-grade students at two primary schools in the prefecture of Thessaloniki. Some results of the study indicate that more often children positively receive the ways in which their parents interact with them physically and desire physical contact with their parents even at this age. The involvement of parents and children in the sacramental life of the church seems to have a positive effect on physical contact among them. Gradually, however, children distance themselves from their parents as they enter puberty and seek physical contact with their parents selectively and only on special occasions such as their birthdays.
文摘The Spanish scale to quantify or qualify bodily harm resulting from any unintentional traffic accident prior to 1 January 2016 is established by Royal Legislative Decree(RDL)8/2004.This scale assigns points to the sequelae,which are converted into Euros using a table that is updated annually.The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model of sequelae points that will enable the estimation of compensation a short time after the accident.This will facilitate the calculation of the money reserve and rapid access to compensation for the injured party.To conduct this study,we developed a database with information from 999 individuals who had suffered car crash injuries which were evaluated according to the scale contained in RDL 8/2004 for medical experts.Predictive models based on logistic regression models were designed on this database.To choose the best model,we calculated Mallow’s Cp.The use of hurdle models made it possible to predict the points received by an injured party within a relatively short period of time after the accident.Once these points are known,it is a simple matter to calculate the corresponding compensation.The prediction models developed provide an easy way to predict the compensation to be awarded to the injured party.These models use days of hospitalization,sex,age and the results of international scales based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale.These variables can be used soon after the occurrence of the crash.
基金This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(Nos.FDCT 0044/2018/AFJ and 0002/2019/APD).
文摘Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has still spread globally. The occurrence of the Delta variant, which is more infectious and spreads faster than earlier forms of the virus that causes COVID-19, makes infection prevention more challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to gain a comprehensive insight into the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 for curbing the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in human populations.Methods: We studied a prospective cohort of 576 patients admitted consecutively to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 21 to June 8, 2020. These patients were chosen based on their similar clinical phenotypes or imaging findings. There were 21 (3.6%) laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (16 severe and 5 mild cases) and 555 non-COVID-19 patients. The antibody response and routes and duration of viral shedding were systematically evaluated in serial clinical specimens. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in a mouth rinse, urine, and tear samples. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (approval No. 2020-77).Results: SARS-CoV-2 mainly existed in sputum, nasal and throat swabs, and feces samples. Virus latency was longer in sputum and feces samples than in nasopharyngeal samples. IgG antibody response in respiratory samples was related to disease severity. Although droplets and aerosols are the major transmission routes for COVID-19, covert routes of transmission from asymptomatic patients, contaminated surfaces, and wastewater are also of interest.Conclusion: Our findings provide a solid foundation for developing prophylactic measures against SARS-CoV-2.
文摘The Conceptual metaphors of Happiness between English and Chinese are contrasted from a cognitive perspective based on corpus.After data analysis,some similarities and differences between English Happiness metaphors and Chinese Happiness metaphors are found.The conclusion is that the similarity between them is based on the same bodily experience,while the differences lie on different cultural models.
文摘This review describes the conceptual and clinical relations between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other functional, somatoform, and mental disorders, and points to appropriate future conceptualizations. IBS is considered to be a functional somatic syndrome (FSS) with a considerable symptom overlap with other FSSs like chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia syndrome. IBS patients show an increased prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially depression and anxiety. IBS is largely congruent with the concepts of somatoform and somatic symptom disorders. Roughly 50% of IBS patients complain of gastrointestinal symptoms only and have no psychiatric comorbidity. IBS concepts, treatment approaches, as well as health care structures should acknowledge its variability and multidimensionality by: (1) awareness of additional extraintestinal and psychobehavioral symptoms in patients with IBS; (2) general and collaborative care rather than specialist and separated care; and (3) implementation of “interface disorders” to abandon the dualistic classification of purely organic or purely mental disorders.
文摘Low maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, low birthweight, small-for-gestational-age infants, neural tube defects, infant death, failure to initiate breastfeeding, and childhood asthma. The advantage of qualitative research is it can provide valuable insights for health care professionals into the experience and perceptions of low gestational weight gain from the vantage point of women with first-hand lived experience. In this Heideggarian interpretive phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with low gestational weight gain were explored. Data were collected through interviews with 10 pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. Conroy’s pathway for interpretive phenomenology was utilized. A hermeneutical spiral of interpretation identified six patterns or major themes: confronting one’s mortality;defending oneself against a permanent metamorphosis into a stranger;playing with fire and brimstone;slipping under the radar;trying to find peace;and riding an emotional roller coaster. The findings point to a war that is being waged over pregnant bodies with respect to weight that leaves pregnant women fending for themselves, apparently with little help from their health care providers. Implications of the findings for health practice, education, and research are discussed.
基金supported by the Emergency Scientific Research program of Preventing or Treating COVID-19 of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019YJ1201)the Scientific Research Program on Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 with Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanghai Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020XGKY15)Art Project of National Social Science Foundation(No.16BD050)。
文摘The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)has been characterized as the first pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus and drawn intense attention in China and globally.With the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 rapidly growing worldwide,people have been experiencing tremendous psychological distress during the pandemic.Elevated psychological stress could compromise the human capacity to fight against COVID-19.However,effective interventions and timely mental health care to increase resilience and improve psychological wel being is still lacking,which would be the focus of this article.In this article,we briefly summarize why meditation practice may have the potential to help minimize stress-related psychological symptoms associated with the coronavirus outbreak and how we can respond efficiently and effectively to this outbreak via taking advantage of meditation.We also provide a brief introduction of a meditation program that we developed and advocate to popularize meditation practice as a viable approach to improve wellbeing while combatting COVID-19 worldwide.
文摘Background: Somatic symptoms that are not attributable to organic pathology are common in general practice settings however, data in most parts of Africa including southern Nigeria are still scarce. The aim of our study was to examine such somatic symptoms reported by patients attending a primary care facility at a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria as well as to motivate future research in this area. Method: The study was conducted at the General Out Patient Clinic (GOPC) of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). It was a cross sectional study in which data were obtained from the case notes of 115 patients that presented in the clinic with somatic complaints which could not be attributed to organic pathology by their physicians. Results: While 46 of the patients were males, 69 were females. Their mean age was 37.7 (SD = 11.9). Internal heat, crawling sensation, body pains and palpitations were the most prevalent symptoms reported by the patients. When the symptoms were sorted into various groups, the “subjective abnormal bodily sensation” was the most prevalent and far outnumbered the “pseudo neurological symptoms”. Conclusion: A number of patients attending the GOPC of the UCTH seek consultations for medically unexplained somatic symptom. The most prevalent of these symptoms are internal heat and crawling sensations both of which are not stated in the criteria recognized by the International Classification of Diseases—version 10 (ICD-10) for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
文摘High maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with high birthweight, large-for-gestational-age birthweights, cesarean delivery, child overweight, and short- and long-term postpartum weight retention. In this phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with high gestational weight gain were investigated. Data were collected through interviews with pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. van Manen’s method of phenomenology was utilized. The data analysis revealed four patterns or major themes: being caught off guard;losing your bearings;hanging on for dear life;and hoping for health. The participants experienced their gestational weight gain as an unexpected “wild ride” that they could not control. The findings highlight the need for health care professionals to provide pregnant women with more support concerning gestational weight gain.
文摘Medical male circumcision has been adopted by the WHO, and other professional public health and medical bodies, as a vital weapon in the fight against HIV. This has prompted a large body of research into the acceptability of the procedure, attitudes to it, and barriers to it. A systematic review of these studies found that satisfaction with circumcision is strongly associated with having accurate knowledge about it. A survey-based paper by Earp, Sardi and Jellison entitled “False beliefs predict increased circumcision satisfaction in a sample of US American men” is the only one to find the opposite. It therefore merits scrutiny. The present article presents the results of a critical examination of the study. Serious flaws were discovered. Half of the small number of 10 “true/false” statements used in its survey are questionable. All the large body of literature that contradicts the findings of Earp and co-workers is ignored. Importantly, the crucial question about whether dissatisfied circumcised males hold false beliefs about circumcision is not considered. Unlike most of the research on the acceptability of circumcision, the study is not motivated by a desire to evaluate the likely effectiveness of a public health measure, or how best to implement it. Rather it appears to be an attempt by a prominent anti-circumcision activist and his associates to generate a body of literature that they can then cite to further their cause. Considering this, and the serious flaws it contains, the study should be dismissed as misleading, biased and undermining public health.
文摘If we have gone through the first generation of housing design that?pursued functional optimization, ergonomics, and circulation efficiency during the last century, now we are living in the second generation where more advanced goals, such as universal design, ubiquitous design, sustainable design, and environment-friendly design, are emphasized. Although this second generation of design focuses upon the wellness of humans in accordance with environment, it still has the attitude that a more precisely designed home can guarantee a better life. What lacks in this approach is the freedom of the body;it needs to make its own choice as to how to use a space. Thus, it is suggested in this paper that what is important in designing a home is to provide alternatives in daily lives so as to make a full exploration of a given space. These alternatives can be made by offering residents an interpretable space where they can figure out space usages and routs in a constantly changing context. Two spatial devices are discussed in depths as a way to realize this interpretable house: room-to-room enfilade and ring spatial structure. By investigating some existing house plans, it is illustrated how they can guarantee the freedom of the body, and thus alternatives for the flexible domestic life.
文摘According to its own purposes, including survival, the cell reacts to the conditions of its medium. Such a vital phenomenon implies relational energetics. It includes unconscious psychic energy whose regulating model is the Life and Sense archetype. Its relational power could result from a natural algebraic property of extension. This extension can extend any organic magnitude to 4D event. Thus it allows some perception of the extracellular structure variations. This perception applies to moving forces of the cell signaling activators, through psychic energy. This psychical energy includes a potential, the cell attitude or status, and psychic moving forces, or tendencies. Insofar as the psychic potential is sensitive to proton structures, and the psychic moving forces are excitable by electron exchanges, a phase shift between us may occur. Medium stimulation by adequate magnetic fields could modulate this phase shift in a therapeutic direction.
文摘With the new category of somatic symptom disorder/bodily distress disorder in ICD-11,research into pathogenetic and therapeutic pathways is stimulated.By turning away from the definition of somatoform disorders as“the lack of something physical explaining everything”,this new classification might offer a way to put the focus on the individual patient’s psychodynamic balance and conflicts and their condensation in the symptom.Modelling and simulation have a long history in science to gain insight also into complex phenomena.Considering the evolution of precision medicine many different parameters are meanwhile operationalised and ready for consequent process research.Calculation models have to fit to the complexity of this disorder category.In an interdisciplinary discourse between computer and medical/psychoanalytic scientists a multilayer,fine grained calculation model is elaborated.Starting from a clinical case history,within iterative discussion,by acknowledging the demand for interdisciplinary synergy and cooperation in science,psychoanalytic theory served as the basis for computer-scientific information technique.A parallelisation with the Mealy model helped to establish a meaningful calculation possibility for further process research.How psychic transformations can be understood properly in order to provide meaningful treatments,the respective training,and to conduct appropriate process-and outcome-research is established in simulating the mind and applications.
文摘Becoming a tea art practitioner, or charen （茶人）, involves cultivation of body and mind. This paper attempts to document the long-term process of bodily and mindful cultivation from an anthropological, participant-observation, and self-reflective point of view. I will describe my experiences from entering the world of Taiwan Residents tea art through learning the great variety of teas and the techniques for making them, designing my own tea sets, and performing in tea gatherings. This learning process has gone well beyond what is required of a researcher, or a good observer, because it has not only allowed me to understand, interpret, and analyze the aesthetics and ritual of Taiwan Residents tea art but it has also required that I ＂designs＂ or be creative in presenting Taiwan Residents tea art to my own cultural members. This substantially changes my status from the objective observer my profession requires, to a dedicated performer and even a designer/creator of my own culture. My self-reflexivity in this process points to not only methodological issues but also theoretical ones, including recent academic interest in materiality, cultural performance, lifestyle, bodily discipline, and the senses. Through self-reflection, I intends to reveal connections among them.
文摘It is necessary to understand the changes of bodily form in the development of human body and scientific training of athletes. The classic examination method is to measure the straight line between two points on the human bodily surface. How-
