Objective To create a method for constructing a tissue-engineered graft with self-derived bone marrow cells and heterogeneous acellular matrix.Methods The mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrows drawn from p...Objective To create a method for constructing a tissue-engineered graft with self-derived bone marrow cells and heterogeneous acellular matrix.Methods The mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrows drawn from piglets and cultured in different mediums including either vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)or platelet derived growth factor BB(PDGF-BB)to observe their expansion and differentiation.The aortas harvested from canines were processed by a multi-step decellularizing technique to erase.The bone marrow mononuclear cells cultured in the mediums without any growth factors were seeded to the acellular matrix.The cells-seeded grafts were incubated in vitro for 6 d and then implanted to the cells-donated piglets to substitute parts of their native pulmonary arteries.Results After 4 d culturing,the cells incubated in the medium including VEGF showed morphological feature of endothelial cells(ECs)and were positive to ECs-specific monoclonal antibodies of CD31,FLK-1,VE-Cadherin and vWF.The cells incubated in the medium including PDGF-BB showed morphological feature of smooth muscle cells(SMCs)and were positive to SMCs-specific monoclonal antibodies of α-SMA and Calponin.One hundred days after implantation of seeded grafts,the inner surfaces of explants were smooth without thrombosis,calcification and aneurysm.Under the microscopy,plenty of growing cells could be seen and elastic and collagen fibers were abundant.Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells might exist in mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow.They would differentiate into endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells in proper in vitro or in vivo environments.The bone marrow mononuclear cells might be a choice of seeding cells in constructing tissue-engineered graft.展开更多
Spinal fusion remains the gold-standard treatment for several pathological spine conditions. Although, autologous Iliac Crest Bone Grafting is considered the goldstandard graft choice to promote spinal fusion; however...Spinal fusion remains the gold-standard treatment for several pathological spine conditions. Although, autologous Iliac Crest Bone Grafting is considered the goldstandard graft choice to promote spinal fusion; however, it is associated with significant donor site morbidity and a limited graft quantity. Therefore, several bone graft alternatives have been developed, to augment arthrodesis. The purpose of this review is to present the results of clinical studies concerning the use of demineralized bone matrix(DBM), alone or as a composite graft, in the spinal fusion. A critical review of the English-language literature was conducted on Pubmed, using key word "demineralized bone matrix", "DBM", "spinal fusion", and "scoliosis". Results had been restricted to clinical studies. The majority of clinical trials demonstrate satisfactory fusion rates when DBM is employed as a graft extender or a graft enhancer.Limited number of prospective randomized controlled trials(4 studies), have been performed comparing DBM to autologous iliac crest bone graft in spine fusion. The majority of the clinical trials demonstrate comparable efficacy of DBM when it used as a graft extender in combination with autograft, but there is no clinical evidence to support its use as a standalone graft material. Additionally, high level of evidence studies are required, in order to optimize and clarify the indications of its use and the appropriate patient population that will benefit from DBM in spine arthrodesis.展开更多
Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard for all indications for bone grafting procedures but the limited availability and complications in donor site resulted in seeking other options like allografts ...Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard for all indications for bone grafting procedures but the limited availability and complications in donor site resulted in seeking other options like allografts andbone graft substitutes. Demineralized bone matrix(DBM) is an allograft product with no quantity limitation. It is an osteoconductive material with osteoinductive capabilities, which vary among different products, depending on donor characteristics and differences in processing of the bone. The purpose of the present review is to provide a critical review of the existing literature concerning the use of DBM products in various procedures in the extremities. Clinical studies describing the use of DBM alone or in combination with other grafting material are available for only a few commercial products. The Level of Evidence of these studies and the resulting Grades of Recommendation are very low. In conclusion, further clinical studies of higher quality are required in order to improve the Recommendation Grades for or against the use of DBM products in bone grafting procedures.展开更多
At the base of experimental animal model construction of bone defect in New Zealand rabbit, the promoting repair effect of bioactive ceramics on bone defect as well as its machanism was studied through testing body mi...At the base of experimental animal model construction of bone defect in New Zealand rabbit, the promoting repair effect of bioactive ceramics on bone defect as well as its machanism was studied through testing body mineral elements, enzymes related to bone morphogenetic proteins and some biochemical indexes. Refering to some documents, materials of TCP, CHA and HA were combined and TCP/BMP/ TCP-β1 and CHA/BMP/ TCP-β1,HA/BMP/ TCP-β1 composite materials were made. All kinds of them were implanted into the radial defect site of rabbit, respectively. The chosen blood indexes (Ca, P, ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, TPA, BUN and Cr) were tested by colorimetry, speed rate and bromocresol green testing methods. No abnormal effects were found in any animal after operation. Serum concentrations of Ca, P and ALP were increased with the length of time in all groups of the three kinds of composite material, mixed material and pure materials. The increases in composite material groups were more significant (P<0.05). Comparison of the three kinds of material showed TCP>CHA>HA. There was a tendency of increased TPA and decreased BUN with the length of time. There was no significant difference between the composite material groups and pure material group (P>0.05). The three kinds of bioactive ceramics composed of extracellular matrix could increase the serum concentrations of Ca and P and activity of ALP after being implanted into defect bone and showed some repairing capacity. This provided a new area of machanism study of bone defect repair by biomaterials.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of repairing mandibular defect with osteoconductive porous beta-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) combined with osteoinductive bone matrix gelatin(BMG), which has goo...The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of repairing mandibular defect with osteoconductive porous beta-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) combined with osteoinductive bone matrix gelatin(BMG), which has good physical property and biocompatibility and maybe a new type of artificial bone substitute. Bilateral mandible defects sized 1.0 cm×0.6 cm×0.3 cm of fifteen rabbits were implanted with β-TCP (control group) and β-TCP/BMG(experimental group) respectively. The specimens were harvested at 4 th, 8 th and 12 th weeks post-operation and examined by gross, X-ray, histomorphological and the computer analysis. The volume of newly-formed bone of the experimental side was much more than that of the control side at 4 th, 8 th and 12 th weeks. There is significant difference (p<0.05) between experimental group and control group. Computer-aided X-ray analysis showed that the density of newly-formed bone, compared with the control side, were similar to the surrounding natural bone at 12 th week after operation. Therefore, β-TCP/BMG is a better bone substitute than TCP and is a degradable and biocompatible artificial bone substitute material and is osteoinductive and osteoconductive.展开更多
Physiological repair of large-sized bone defects is great challenging in clinic due to a lack of ideal grafts suitable for bone regeneration.Decalcified bone matrix(DBM)is considered as an ideal bone regeneration scaf...Physiological repair of large-sized bone defects is great challenging in clinic due to a lack of ideal grafts suitable for bone regeneration.Decalcified bone matrix(DBM)is considered as an ideal bone regeneration scaffold,but low cell seeding efficiency and a poor osteoinductive microenvironment greatly restrict its application in large-sized bone regeneration.To address these problems,we proposed a novel strategy of bone regeneration units(BRUs)based on microgels produced by photo-crosslinkable and microfluidic techniques,containing both the osteogenic ingredient DBM and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)for accurate biomimic of an osteoinductive microenvironment.The physicochemical properties of microgels could be precisely controlled and the microgels effectively promoted adhesion,proliferation,and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in vitro.BRUs were successfully constructed by seeding BMSCs onto microgels,which achieved reliable bone regeneration in vivo.Finally,by integrating the advantages of BRUs in bone regeneration and the advantages of DBM scaffolds in 3D morphology and mechanical strength,a BRU-loaded DBM framework successfully regenerated bone tissue with the desired 3D morphology and effectively repaired a large-sized bone defect of rabbit tibia.The current study developed an ideal bone biomimetic microcarrier and provided a novel strategy for bone regeneration and large-sized bone defect repair.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to assess fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for supporting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells following induction with neural dif...The purpose of this study was to assess fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for supporting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells following induction with neural differentiation medium.We performed long-term,continuous observation of cell morphology,growth,differentiation,and neuronal development using several microscopy techniques in conjunction with immunohistochemistry.We examined specific neuronal proteins and Nissl bodies involved in the differentiation process in order to determine the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.The results show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix display neuronal morphology with unipolar and bi/multipolar neurite elongations that express neuronal-specific proteins,including βIII tubulin.The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix and induced for long periods of time with neural differentiation medium differentiated into a multilayered neural network-like structure with long nerve fibers that was composed of several parallel microfibers and neuronal cells,forming a complete neural circuit with dendrite-dendrite to axon-dendrite to dendrite-axon synapses.In addition,growth cones with filopodia were observed using scanning electron microscopy.Paraffin sectioning showed differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the typical features of neuronal phenotype,such as a large,round nucleus and a cytoplasm full of Nissl bodies.The data suggest that the biological scaffold fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix is capable of supporting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into functional neurons and the subsequent formation of tissue engineered nerve.展开更多
Bone protein extract is regarded as the new generation of demineralized bone matrix. The aim of this paper is to describe and characterize the properties of demineralized bone matrix and its new generation product in ...Bone protein extract is regarded as the new generation of demineralized bone matrix. The aim of this paper is to describe and characterize the properties of demineralized bone matrix and its new generation product in addition to its application in animal and human studies. Bone protein extract has features of osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and osteogenicity, which originate from its unique and precise processing. It has exhibited powerful bone formation capacity both in animal experiments and in clinical trials by providing an optimal microenvironment for osteogenesis. Furthermore, not only does it have excellent bio- compatibility, it also has good compatibility with other implant materials, helping it bridge the host and implanted materials. Bone protein extract could be a promising alternative for demineralized bone matrix as a bone graft substitute.展开更多
Periosteum is a thin membrane that encases the surfaces of most bones.It is composed of an outer fibrous layer contains longitudinally oriented cells and collagen fibers and an inner cambial layer that consists of mul...Periosteum is a thin membrane that encases the surfaces of most bones.It is composed of an outer fibrous layer contains longitudinally oriented cells and collagen fibers and an inner cambial layer that consists of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and osteogenic progenitor cells.Periosteum has a function of regulating cell and collagen arrangement,which is important to the integrity,modelling and remodelling of bone,particularly during bone defect repair.Apart from autograft and allograft,artificial periosteum,or tissue-engineered periosteum mimicking native periosteum in structure or function,made up of small intestinal submucosa,acellular dermis,induced membrane,cell sheets,and polymeric scaffolds,and so on,has been developed to be used in bone defect repair.In this review,we classify the artificial periosteum into three approaches based on the material source,that is,native tissues,scaffoldfree cell sheets and scaffold-cell composites.Mechanisms,methods and efficacy of each approach are provided.Existing obstacles and enabling technologies for future directions are also discussed.展开更多
Fractures of the scapula are rare and have been reported to account for only 1% of all fractures and 3%-5% of upper extremity fractures. Several studies have reported successful outcomes with non-operative treatment o...Fractures of the scapula are rare and have been reported to account for only 1% of all fractures and 3%-5% of upper extremity fractures. Several studies have reported successful outcomes with non-operative treatment of scapula fractures. Although non-operative treatments are successful in a very high percentage of patients, very few cases of non-union of scapular body fractures have been reported. In our review of the literature, we found two case reports of scapular body fractures developed into non-unions. In both of these cases, open reduction and internal fixation with reconstruction plates and bone graft was successful at eliminating pain and restoring function. This is a case report of a patient with a symptomatic, extra-articular scapular body defect from a non-union that was treated successfully with an acellular dermal extracellular matrix and bone graft using a novel展开更多
切割伤、坠落伤、火器伤等导致的骨缺损患者不断增加,骨修复成为骨科发展研究中的热点问题之一。脱细胞骨基质(aceller bone matrix,ACBM)是对骨组织进行一系列物理和化学操作降低其免疫原性,保留了天然骨组织基本结构,在修复骨缺损的...切割伤、坠落伤、火器伤等导致的骨缺损患者不断增加,骨修复成为骨科发展研究中的热点问题之一。脱细胞骨基质(aceller bone matrix,ACBM)是对骨组织进行一系列物理和化学操作降低其免疫原性,保留了天然骨组织基本结构,在修复骨缺损的治疗中表现出良好的骨传导性、生物相容性和机械性能。但ACBM不能促进间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)分化,骨诱导性差,将ACBM与其他类型材料复合,制成具有成骨活性的复合材料,拓展其在骨组织工程中的应用。本文参考国内外文献,将ACBM复合的材料分为有机材料、无机材料、细胞因子组织细胞及多种材料复合四大部分,从临床研究角度分别阐述同ACBM复合形成的新型材料特性、优点、缺点和临床应用价值等,综述了近几年ACBM相关复合支架材料的研究进展。展开更多
目的:运用异种脱细胞真皮基质进行引导骨组织再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)评价修复种植体周围骨缺损能力,为临床应用提供指导。方法:在4只成年Beagle犬下颌第2、3、4前磨牙新鲜拔牙创即刻植入种植体,并在颊侧形成3mm×3mm&...目的:运用异种脱细胞真皮基质进行引导骨组织再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)评价修复种植体周围骨缺损能力,为临床应用提供指导。方法:在4只成年Beagle犬下颌第2、3、4前磨牙新鲜拔牙创即刻植入种植体,并在颊侧形成3mm×3mm×5mm骨缺损区,按自身同期对照研究设计,右侧为实验侧,骨缺损区上覆盖海奥膜;左侧为空白对照侧,骨缺损区不覆盖海奥膜。术后1、4个月分别处死一组动物,摘取下颌骨,采用大体观察、X线摄片、组织学观察测定等方法检测缺损区骨组织再生的情况。结果:实验侧种植体周围骨缺损区较空白对照侧新骨生成量多,加速了骨组织的再生过程。结论:异种脱细胞真皮基质具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,可用作骨组织引导再生膜,促进骨缺损的再生修复。展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Nature Science Foundation,China(99ZB14018)
文摘Objective To create a method for constructing a tissue-engineered graft with self-derived bone marrow cells and heterogeneous acellular matrix.Methods The mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrows drawn from piglets and cultured in different mediums including either vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)or platelet derived growth factor BB(PDGF-BB)to observe their expansion and differentiation.The aortas harvested from canines were processed by a multi-step decellularizing technique to erase.The bone marrow mononuclear cells cultured in the mediums without any growth factors were seeded to the acellular matrix.The cells-seeded grafts were incubated in vitro for 6 d and then implanted to the cells-donated piglets to substitute parts of their native pulmonary arteries.Results After 4 d culturing,the cells incubated in the medium including VEGF showed morphological feature of endothelial cells(ECs)and were positive to ECs-specific monoclonal antibodies of CD31,FLK-1,VE-Cadherin and vWF.The cells incubated in the medium including PDGF-BB showed morphological feature of smooth muscle cells(SMCs)and were positive to SMCs-specific monoclonal antibodies of α-SMA and Calponin.One hundred days after implantation of seeded grafts,the inner surfaces of explants were smooth without thrombosis,calcification and aneurysm.Under the microscopy,plenty of growing cells could be seen and elastic and collagen fibers were abundant.Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cells might exist in mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow.They would differentiate into endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells in proper in vitro or in vivo environments.The bone marrow mononuclear cells might be a choice of seeding cells in constructing tissue-engineered graft.
文摘Spinal fusion remains the gold-standard treatment for several pathological spine conditions. Although, autologous Iliac Crest Bone Grafting is considered the goldstandard graft choice to promote spinal fusion; however, it is associated with significant donor site morbidity and a limited graft quantity. Therefore, several bone graft alternatives have been developed, to augment arthrodesis. The purpose of this review is to present the results of clinical studies concerning the use of demineralized bone matrix(DBM), alone or as a composite graft, in the spinal fusion. A critical review of the English-language literature was conducted on Pubmed, using key word "demineralized bone matrix", "DBM", "spinal fusion", and "scoliosis". Results had been restricted to clinical studies. The majority of clinical trials demonstrate satisfactory fusion rates when DBM is employed as a graft extender or a graft enhancer.Limited number of prospective randomized controlled trials(4 studies), have been performed comparing DBM to autologous iliac crest bone graft in spine fusion. The majority of the clinical trials demonstrate comparable efficacy of DBM when it used as a graft extender in combination with autograft, but there is no clinical evidence to support its use as a standalone graft material. Additionally, high level of evidence studies are required, in order to optimize and clarify the indications of its use and the appropriate patient population that will benefit from DBM in spine arthrodesis.
文摘Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard for all indications for bone grafting procedures but the limited availability and complications in donor site resulted in seeking other options like allografts andbone graft substitutes. Demineralized bone matrix(DBM) is an allograft product with no quantity limitation. It is an osteoconductive material with osteoinductive capabilities, which vary among different products, depending on donor characteristics and differences in processing of the bone. The purpose of the present review is to provide a critical review of the existing literature concerning the use of DBM products in various procedures in the extremities. Clinical studies describing the use of DBM alone or in combination with other grafting material are available for only a few commercial products. The Level of Evidence of these studies and the resulting Grades of Recommendation are very low. In conclusion, further clinical studies of higher quality are required in order to improve the Recommendation Grades for or against the use of DBM products in bone grafting procedures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant number:30170273
文摘At the base of experimental animal model construction of bone defect in New Zealand rabbit, the promoting repair effect of bioactive ceramics on bone defect as well as its machanism was studied through testing body mineral elements, enzymes related to bone morphogenetic proteins and some biochemical indexes. Refering to some documents, materials of TCP, CHA and HA were combined and TCP/BMP/ TCP-β1 and CHA/BMP/ TCP-β1,HA/BMP/ TCP-β1 composite materials were made. All kinds of them were implanted into the radial defect site of rabbit, respectively. The chosen blood indexes (Ca, P, ALP, GGT, AST, ALT, TPA, BUN and Cr) were tested by colorimetry, speed rate and bromocresol green testing methods. No abnormal effects were found in any animal after operation. Serum concentrations of Ca, P and ALP were increased with the length of time in all groups of the three kinds of composite material, mixed material and pure materials. The increases in composite material groups were more significant (P<0.05). Comparison of the three kinds of material showed TCP>CHA>HA. There was a tendency of increased TPA and decreased BUN with the length of time. There was no significant difference between the composite material groups and pure material group (P>0.05). The three kinds of bioactive ceramics composed of extracellular matrix could increase the serum concentrations of Ca and P and activity of ALP after being implanted into defect bone and showed some repairing capacity. This provided a new area of machanism study of bone defect repair by biomaterials.
文摘The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of repairing mandibular defect with osteoconductive porous beta-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) combined with osteoinductive bone matrix gelatin(BMG), which has good physical property and biocompatibility and maybe a new type of artificial bone substitute. Bilateral mandible defects sized 1.0 cm×0.6 cm×0.3 cm of fifteen rabbits were implanted with β-TCP (control group) and β-TCP/BMG(experimental group) respectively. The specimens were harvested at 4 th, 8 th and 12 th weeks post-operation and examined by gross, X-ray, histomorphological and the computer analysis. The volume of newly-formed bone of the experimental side was much more than that of the control side at 4 th, 8 th and 12 th weeks. There is significant difference (p<0.05) between experimental group and control group. Computer-aided X-ray analysis showed that the density of newly-formed bone, compared with the control side, were similar to the surrounding natural bone at 12 th week after operation. Therefore, β-TCP/BMG is a better bone substitute than TCP and is a degradable and biocompatible artificial bone substitute material and is osteoinductive and osteoconductive.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1103900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871502,81701843,and 81671837)+3 种基金the Shanghai Excellent Technical Leader(18XD1421500)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(19XD1431100)the Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Program on Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research(2019CXJQ01)the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(No.SHDC2020CR2045B).
文摘Physiological repair of large-sized bone defects is great challenging in clinic due to a lack of ideal grafts suitable for bone regeneration.Decalcified bone matrix(DBM)is considered as an ideal bone regeneration scaffold,but low cell seeding efficiency and a poor osteoinductive microenvironment greatly restrict its application in large-sized bone regeneration.To address these problems,we proposed a novel strategy of bone regeneration units(BRUs)based on microgels produced by photo-crosslinkable and microfluidic techniques,containing both the osteogenic ingredient DBM and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)for accurate biomimic of an osteoinductive microenvironment.The physicochemical properties of microgels could be precisely controlled and the microgels effectively promoted adhesion,proliferation,and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in vitro.BRUs were successfully constructed by seeding BMSCs onto microgels,which achieved reliable bone regeneration in vivo.Finally,by integrating the advantages of BRUs in bone regeneration and the advantages of DBM scaffolds in 3D morphology and mechanical strength,a BRU-loaded DBM framework successfully regenerated bone tissue with the desired 3D morphology and effectively repaired a large-sized bone defect of rabbit tibia.The current study developed an ideal bone biomimetic microcarrier and provided a novel strategy for bone regeneration and large-sized bone defect repair.
基金supported by a grant from Construction Project of Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Engineering Center,No.0808NTGA013Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China,No.IRT13091
文摘The purpose of this study was to assess fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for supporting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells following induction with neural differentiation medium.We performed long-term,continuous observation of cell morphology,growth,differentiation,and neuronal development using several microscopy techniques in conjunction with immunohistochemistry.We examined specific neuronal proteins and Nissl bodies involved in the differentiation process in order to determine the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.The results show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix display neuronal morphology with unipolar and bi/multipolar neurite elongations that express neuronal-specific proteins,including βIII tubulin.The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown on fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix and induced for long periods of time with neural differentiation medium differentiated into a multilayered neural network-like structure with long nerve fibers that was composed of several parallel microfibers and neuronal cells,forming a complete neural circuit with dendrite-dendrite to axon-dendrite to dendrite-axon synapses.In addition,growth cones with filopodia were observed using scanning electron microscopy.Paraffin sectioning showed differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the typical features of neuronal phenotype,such as a large,round nucleus and a cytoplasm full of Nissl bodies.The data suggest that the biological scaffold fetal bovine acellular dermal matrix is capable of supporting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into functional neurons and the subsequent formation of tissue engineered nerve.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB619105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30571892, 81071512 and u0732001)the Fabrikant Mads Clausens Foundation of Denmark
文摘Bone protein extract is regarded as the new generation of demineralized bone matrix. The aim of this paper is to describe and characterize the properties of demineralized bone matrix and its new generation product in addition to its application in animal and human studies. Bone protein extract has features of osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and osteogenicity, which originate from its unique and precise processing. It has exhibited powerful bone formation capacity both in animal experiments and in clinical trials by providing an optimal microenvironment for osteogenesis. Furthermore, not only does it have excellent bio- compatibility, it also has good compatibility with other implant materials, helping it bridge the host and implanted materials. Bone protein extract could be a promising alternative for demineralized bone matrix as a bone graft substitute.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31525009 and 31271021)National 863 Project(No.2015AA020316)+2 种基金Sichuan Innovative Research Team Program for Young Scientists(No.2016TD0004)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Grant(No.2017C33100)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY17H060010)
文摘Periosteum is a thin membrane that encases the surfaces of most bones.It is composed of an outer fibrous layer contains longitudinally oriented cells and collagen fibers and an inner cambial layer that consists of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and osteogenic progenitor cells.Periosteum has a function of regulating cell and collagen arrangement,which is important to the integrity,modelling and remodelling of bone,particularly during bone defect repair.Apart from autograft and allograft,artificial periosteum,or tissue-engineered periosteum mimicking native periosteum in structure or function,made up of small intestinal submucosa,acellular dermis,induced membrane,cell sheets,and polymeric scaffolds,and so on,has been developed to be used in bone defect repair.In this review,we classify the artificial periosteum into three approaches based on the material source,that is,native tissues,scaffoldfree cell sheets and scaffold-cell composites.Mechanisms,methods and efficacy of each approach are provided.Existing obstacles and enabling technologies for future directions are also discussed.
文摘Fractures of the scapula are rare and have been reported to account for only 1% of all fractures and 3%-5% of upper extremity fractures. Several studies have reported successful outcomes with non-operative treatment of scapula fractures. Although non-operative treatments are successful in a very high percentage of patients, very few cases of non-union of scapular body fractures have been reported. In our review of the literature, we found two case reports of scapular body fractures developed into non-unions. In both of these cases, open reduction and internal fixation with reconstruction plates and bone graft was successful at eliminating pain and restoring function. This is a case report of a patient with a symptomatic, extra-articular scapular body defect from a non-union that was treated successfully with an acellular dermal extracellular matrix and bone graft using a novel
文摘切割伤、坠落伤、火器伤等导致的骨缺损患者不断增加,骨修复成为骨科发展研究中的热点问题之一。脱细胞骨基质(aceller bone matrix,ACBM)是对骨组织进行一系列物理和化学操作降低其免疫原性,保留了天然骨组织基本结构,在修复骨缺损的治疗中表现出良好的骨传导性、生物相容性和机械性能。但ACBM不能促进间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)分化,骨诱导性差,将ACBM与其他类型材料复合,制成具有成骨活性的复合材料,拓展其在骨组织工程中的应用。本文参考国内外文献,将ACBM复合的材料分为有机材料、无机材料、细胞因子组织细胞及多种材料复合四大部分,从临床研究角度分别阐述同ACBM复合形成的新型材料特性、优点、缺点和临床应用价值等,综述了近几年ACBM相关复合支架材料的研究进展。
文摘目的:运用异种脱细胞真皮基质进行引导骨组织再生术(guided bone regeneration,GBR)评价修复种植体周围骨缺损能力,为临床应用提供指导。方法:在4只成年Beagle犬下颌第2、3、4前磨牙新鲜拔牙创即刻植入种植体,并在颊侧形成3mm×3mm×5mm骨缺损区,按自身同期对照研究设计,右侧为实验侧,骨缺损区上覆盖海奥膜;左侧为空白对照侧,骨缺损区不覆盖海奥膜。术后1、4个月分别处死一组动物,摘取下颌骨,采用大体观察、X线摄片、组织学观察测定等方法检测缺损区骨组织再生的情况。结果:实验侧种植体周围骨缺损区较空白对照侧新骨生成量多,加速了骨组织的再生过程。结论:异种脱细胞真皮基质具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,可用作骨组织引导再生膜,促进骨缺损的再生修复。
