The objective of this paper is to explore the value of bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)for diagnosing osteosarcoma,evaluating the effect of the chemotherapy,judging the prognosis and supervising the relapse and metasta...The objective of this paper is to explore the value of bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)for diagnosing osteosarcoma,evaluating the effect of the chemotherapy,judging the prognosis and supervising the relapse and metastasis.The immunoassay was used to check the BALP of the blood serum that was from 42 primary osteosarcoma patients.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)in blood serum was checked with auto biochemistry equipment.The biopsy tissue and the lesion resected in operation were treated with pathology and histological response was counted.The patients were followed up from five months to 49 months with an average of 24.3 months.Eighteen cases relapsed and transferred,among which,16 of them were dead,and others were survival to the end of the follow-up.BALP was more sensitive than ALP in diagnosing osteosarcoma(P=0.015).Fifteen cases decreased to normal value in ALP after preoperative chemotherapy,and 34 cases decreased in BALP.Both ALP and BALP in all cases decreased to normal value in postoperative.There was significant difference in positive correlation between the decrease of BALP and the increase of histological response(P=0.001,r=0.642).In the followup,there was significant difference in BALP between the group of relapse and transfer and the group of free disease survival(P=0.000).As a check marker in blood serum,BALP,reflecting the process of ossification,has a higher sensitivity than ALP.It has applied value in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma,reflection of the effect of chemotherapy and forecast the prognosis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the influence of sodium fluoride(NaF)on alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and bone gla protein(BGP)synthesis in yellow ligament cells from different surgical simples in vitro.Methods The human...Objective To investigate the influence of sodium fluoride(NaF)on alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and bone gla protein(BGP)synthesis in yellow ligament cells from different surgical simples in vitro.Methods The human ligament cells展开更多
INTRODUCTIONOnly the liver has the great capability ofregeneration in mammal.Few hepatocytes are inthe phase of division in the normal liver of an adultmammal (including human beings),but theremaining hepatocytes can ...INTRODUCTIONOnly the liver has the great capability ofregeneration in mammal.Few hepatocytes are inthe phase of division in the normal liver of an adultmammal (including human beings),but theremaining hepatocytes can be induced to proliferatequickly by partial hepatectomy (PH),and,to somedegree,they stop dividing and re-differentiate intocells functioning as hepatocytes.This shows展开更多
AIM: To determine the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of 172 HCC patients who underwent liver resection....AIM: To determine the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of 172 HCC patients who underwent liver resection. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of ALP and GGT. Then, preoperative risk factors for survival were evaluated by multivariate analysis. Based on the significant factors, aprognostic score model was established.RESULTS: By ROC curve analysis, ALP > 120 U/L and GGT > 115 U/L were considered elevated. Overall survival(OS) and tumor-free survival(TFS) for patients with elevated ALP and GGT were significantly worse than for patients with ALP and GGT within the normal range. Multivariate analysis showed that the elevated levels of ALP, GGT and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Giving each positive factor as a score of 1, we established a preoperative prognostic score model. The 5-year OS for patients with a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3 were 84.0%, 45.9%, 44.1% and 0%, respectively, while the TFS was 80.6%, 40.0%, 38.8% and 0%, respectively. When combining patients with scores of 1 and 2 into the middle risk group, and patients with scores of 0 and 3 into the low-risk and highrisk groups, respectively, different outcomes would be significantly distinguished by the risk groups.CONCLUSION: Elevated ALP and GGT levels were risk predictors in HCC patients. Our prognostic model might vary the outcomes of patients from different risk groups.展开更多
Alkaline phosphatases(APs) include the placental AP(PLAP), germ cell AP(GCAP), intestinal AP(IAP) and tissue nonspecific AP(TNAP). Over expression of TNAP in smooth muscle cells of kidney and vessels provokes the prog...Alkaline phosphatases(APs) include the placental AP(PLAP), germ cell AP(GCAP), intestinal AP(IAP) and tissue nonspecific AP(TNAP). Over expression of TNAP in smooth muscle cells of kidney and vessels provokes the progress of such serious diseases as end-stage renal disease, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification, ankylosis, osteoarthritis and diabetes. In order to design and optimize the potent TNAP inhibitors, comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA) were used to analyze 3D structure-activity relationships(3D-QSAR) of TNAP inhibitors. The 3D-QSAR model(CoMFA with q^2 = 0.521, r^2 = 0.930; CoMSIA with q^2 = 0.529, r^2 = 0.933) had a good predictability. Surflex-dock was used to reveal the binding mode between the inhibitors and TNAP protein. CoMFA, CoMSIA and docking results provide guidance for the discovery of TNAP inhibitors. Finally, eight new compounds as potential TNAP inhibitors were designed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) is one of the most important laboratory tests for the evaluation of liver damage. Through a long-term clinical observation of patients with secondary asymptomatic choledocholi...BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) is one of the most important laboratory tests for the evaluation of liver damage. Through a long-term clinical observation of patients with secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis, we found that most patients had abnormal GGT serum levels.AIM To investigate the combination of serum GGT and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in predicting the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data of 829 patients with cholecystolithiasis admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from August 2014 to August 2017 were collected. Among these patients,151 patients had secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis and served as the observation group, and the remaining 678 cholecystolithiasis patients served as the control group. Serum liver function indexes were detected in both groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(commonly known as ROC) curves were constructed for markers showing statistical significances. The cutoff value,sensitivity, and specificity of each marker were calculated according to the ROC curves.RESULTS The overall incidence of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis was 18.2%. The results of liver function indexes including serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels showed no significant differences between the two groups(P> 0.05). However, the serum GGT and ALP levels were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.881(95%CI: 0.830-0.932), 0.647(95%CI: 0.583-0.711) and 0.923(0.892-0.953) for GGT, ALP, and GGT + ALP,respectively. The corresponding cut-off values of GGT and ALP were 95.5 U/L and 151.5 U/L, sensitivity were 90.8% and 65.1%, and specificity were 83.6% and59.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GGT + ALP were 93.5% and85.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION An abnormally elevated serum GGT level has an important value in the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis.The combination of serum GGT and ALP has better diagnostic performance. As a convenient, rapid and inexpensive test, it should be applied in secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis routine screening.展开更多
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase(IAP) plays an essential role in intestinal homeostasis and health through interactions with the resident microbiota, diet and the gut. IAP's role in the intestine is to dephosphoryl...Intestinal alkaline phosphatase(IAP) plays an essential role in intestinal homeostasis and health through interactions with the resident microbiota, diet and the gut. IAP's role in the intestine is to dephosphorylate toxic microbial ligands such as lipopolysaccharides, unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides and flagellin as well as extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate. IAP's ability to detoxify these ligands is essential in protecting the host from sepsis during acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Also important in these complications is IAP's ability to regulate the microbial ecosystem by forming a complex relationship between microbiota, diet and the intestinal mucosal surface. Evidence reveals that diet alters IAP expression and activity and this in turn can influence the gut microbiota and homeostasis. IAP's ability to maintain a healthygastrointestinal tract has accelerated research on its potential use as a therapeutic agent against a multitude of diseases.Exogenous IAP has been shown to have beneficial effects when administered during ulcerative colitis,coronary bypass surgery and sepsis.There are currently a handful of human clinical trials underway investigating the effects of exogenous IAP during sepsis,rheumatoid arthritis and heart surgery.In light of these findings IAP has been marked as a novel agent to help treat a variety of other inflammatory and infectious diseases.The purpose of this review is to highlight the essential characteristics of IAP in protection and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis while addressing the intricate interplay between IAP,diet,microbiota and the intestinal epithelium.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and common carotid intima media thickness(IMT), carotid plaque, and extracranial carotid artery stenosis(ECAS). Methods A to...Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and common carotid intima media thickness(IMT), carotid plaque, and extracranial carotid artery stenosis(ECAS). Methods A total of 3,237 participants aged ≥ 40 years were recruited from Jidong community in 2013-2014. Participants were divided into five quintile groups based on their serum ALP levels. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed using ultrasound. Abnormal IMT, carotid plaque, and ECAS were defined as IMT > 0.9 mm, IMT > 1.5 mm, and ≥ 50% stenosis in at least one extracranial carotid artery, respectively. Results Common carotid IMT values and the prevalence of carotid plaque increased across serum ALP quintiles. Higher ALP quintiles were correlated with an increased risk of abnormal IMT [fourth quintile: odds ratio(OR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.13-2.82, P = 0.0135;fifth quintile: OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15-2.87, P = 0.0110] and ECAS compared to the lowest quintile(fifth quintile: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.97, P = 0.0106). The association between ALP and prevalence of carotid plaque became insignificant after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Serum ALP levels were independently associated with abnormal common carotid IMT and ECAS. These conclusions need to be further corroborated in future prospective cohort studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate.The prognosis is still not satisfactory although it has significantly improved due to developments in medicine.Thus,the identification of mor...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate.The prognosis is still not satisfactory although it has significantly improved due to developments in medicine.Thus,the identification of more efficient indices for the evaluation of GC prognosis is required.We propose,for the first time,that the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)to prealbumin(PA)ratio(APR)can be used as an independent prognostic factor in GC.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value the APR in GC.METHODS According to the exclusion strategy,we collected the preoperative serologic examination results and clinical information of 409 GC patients treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January to December,2016.By calculating the APR,the neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio(NLR),C-reactive protein(CRP)and albumin(ALB)ratio,platelet and lymphocyte ratio,lymphocyte and monocyte ratio,and the relationship with clinical information,we verified the role of preoperative APR ratio in the prognosis of GC.In addition,we used a Cox model combined with the APR and tumor stage to demonstrate its efficacy in assessing the prognosis of GC patients.RESULTS Preoperative APR was an independent prognostic factor for GC.The median age of patients in the APR-high group was greater compared with that in the APR-low group.Patients with a higher APR had a more advanced clinical stage,higher neutrophil to lymphocyte,CRP to ALB,and platelet to lymphocyte ratios,but a lower lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(P<0.05).The APR-high group also had higher glycoprotein antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 125 levels than the APR-low group(P<0.05).Median overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly longer in the APR-low group than in the APR-high group.In addition,a Cox model based on the APR and tumor stage was more effective in evaluating the prognosis of patients than models based on stage alone or stage plus the NLR.CONCLUSION A higher APR is an independent and negative prognostic factor for GC.The prognosis of GC can be better evaluated using a Cox model based on the APR and stage.展开更多
Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and dissolved phosphorus were monitored during the batch cultures of two bone microalgae. Results indicate that variation of APA was in the shape of "S" curve. Different s...Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and dissolved phosphorus were monitored during the batch cultures of two bone microalgae. Results indicate that variation of APA was in the shape of "S" curve. Different specs of dissolved phaphorus had different effects on APA. The concentrations of dis solved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and and molecular dissolved organic phosphorus (SDOP) had a sig nificant effect on APA, while the concentration of large molecular dissolved organic phosphorus (LDOP) had a little effect on APA., and the increase of APA could accelerate the decomposing of LDOP in the medium. Results also show that algae species and abundance had why a little effect on APA.展开更多
Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, ...Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate(p NPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation(0.1 THz, 13 m W/cm^2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.展开更多
AIM: To investigate relapse predictors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-of-treatment response (ETR), after pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin treatment. METHODS: In a retrospective study w...AIM: To investigate relapse predictors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-of-treatment response (ETR), after pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin treatment. METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated a spectrum of predictors of relapse after PegIFN-α and ribavirin treatment in 86 CHC patients with ETR. Viral loads were determined with real-time reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C virus geno-typing was performed by sequencing analysis. Patients with genotype 1 were treated for 48 wk with 180 μg PegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 1000 mg/d for those under 75 kg or 1200 mg/d for those over 75 kg. Patients with geno- types 2 and 3 were treated for 24 wk with 180 μgPegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 800 mg/d. RESULTS: In all ETR patients, binary logistic regression analysis identif ied absence of complete early virological response (cEVR) (OR 27.07, 95% CI: 3.09-237.26, P < 0.005), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels prior to therapy < 75 U/L (OR: 6.16, 95% CI: 2.1-18.03, P < 0.001) and body mass index > 26 kg/m2 (OR: 8.27, 95% CI: 2.22-30.84, P < 0.005) as independent predictors of relapse. When cEVR patients were analyzed exclusively, ALP prior to therapy < 75 U/L remained the only predictor of relapse. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of ALP prior to, during and after therapy seem to be associated with a higher risk of relapse in CHC patients with ETR.展开更多
AIM To clarify the prognostic significance of preoperative albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio(AAPR) in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) subjects receiving surgery.METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 303 CCA pat...AIM To clarify the prognostic significance of preoperative albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio(AAPR) in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) subjects receiving surgery.METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 303 CCA patients receiving surgery without preoperative therapy between 2002 and 2014. Clinicopathological characteristics(including AAPR) were analyzed to determine predictors of postoperative overall survival and recurrence-free survival(RFS). In addition,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were conducted,followed by application of time-dependent receiver operating curves to identify the optimal cut-off.RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed both decreased overall survival[hazard ratio(HR): 2.88, 95%CI: 1.19-5.78] and recurrence-free survival(HR: 2.31,95%CI: 1.40–3.29) in patients with AAPR < 0.41 compared to those with AAPR ≥0.41. The optimal cut-off of AAPR was 0.41. Of the 303 subjects, 253(83.5%) had an AAPR over 0.41. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 70.2%, 38.0% and 16.5%, respectively in the low(< 0.41) AAPR group, which were significantly lower than those in the high(≥ 0.41) AAPR group(81.7%, 53.9%, and 33.4%,respectively)(P < 0.0001). Large tumor size, multiple tumors, and advanced clinical stage were also identified as significant predictors of poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Our outcomes showed that AAPR was a potential valuable prognostic indicator in CCA patients undergoing surgery, which should be further confirmed by prospective studies. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms concerning the correlation of low AAPR with poor post-operative survival in CCA patients.展开更多
Background: In temperate-breeding birds, individuals must adjust their physiological states from one life-history stage to another in response to changing conditions to maximize ecological fitness. Previous evidences ...Background: In temperate-breeding birds, individuals must adjust their physiological states from one life-history stage to another in response to changing conditions to maximize ecological fitness. Previous evidences have shown that body mass, size-corrected mass(SCM), and hematocrit(Hct) could be used as estimates of the energetic state of individuals to illustrate life-history trade-offs and individual quality in field physiology. Plasma alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays critical roles in regulating the metabolism of energy but very limited information is known on its link with body mass or Hct.Methods: We determined the changes of plasma ALP levels in both early breeding and wintering stages of male Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus), and examined the relationships between ALP and body mass, SCM, and Hct of the birds.Results: Our study showed that(1) in male Eurasian Tree Sparrows, body mass did not vary with life-history stage but plasma ALP activity significantly increased in the wintering stage compared to the breeding stage;(2) ALP activity was not correlated with individual body mass but was positively correlated with individual SCM and Hct. Such positive correlations, however, only occurred in the wintering but not in the breeding stages.Conclusions: Our results suggest that plasma ALP activities in free-living birds can be used as one of the indicators o body condition or nutritional status for analyzing individual variation in the wintering but not in the breeding stages. The life-history dependent relationships between plasma ALP activity and body condition may contribute to our better understanding of the trade-off between individual survival and reproduction in free-living animals.展开更多
AIM: To construct fusion protein of a single-chain antibody(scFv) against transferrin receptor (TfR) with alkalinephosphatase (AP).METHODS: The VH-linker-VL, namely scFv gene, wasprepared by amplifying the VH and VL g...AIM: To construct fusion protein of a single-chain antibody(scFv) against transferrin receptor (TfR) with alkalinephosphatase (AP).METHODS: The VH-linker-VL, namely scFv gene, wasprepared by amplifying the VH and VL genes from plasmid pGEM-T-VH and pGEM-T-VL with splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE PCR). After the ScFv gene was modified by SfiⅠ and NotⅠ, it was subcloned into the secretory expression vector pUC19/119, and then was transformed into E. coli TG1. The positive colonies were screened by colony PCR and their expressions were induced by IPTG. ScFv gene was gained by digesting ScFv expression vector pUC19/119 with Sfi I and NotⅠ restriction enzymes, then subcloned into expression vector pDAP2, followed by transformation in E. coli TG1. The positive colonies were selected by bacterial colony PCR. The expression of fusion protein (scFv-AP) was induced by IPTG. Its activity was detected by enzyme immunoassay. The molecular weights of scFv and scFv-AP were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).RESULTS: The product of SOE PCR formed a band of 700 bp in agarose gel electrophoresis. SDS-PAGE demonstrated the molecular weight of scFv was 27 ku. Immunofluorescent assay (IFA) demonstrated its reactivity with TfR. The molecular weight of scFv-AP was 75 ku. Enzyme immunoassay showed that scFv-AP could specifically bind to human TfR and play AP activity.CONCLUSION: We have successfully prepared the antihuman TfR scFv and constructed the fusion protein of scFv and AP. It is promising for immunological experiments.展开更多
Alkaline phosphatases(APs) are non-specifi c phosphohydrolases, and they are widely used in clinical diagnostics and biological studies. APs are widespread in nature and exhibit dif ferent structural formulations. Bas...Alkaline phosphatases(APs) are non-specifi c phosphohydrolases, and they are widely used in clinical diagnostics and biological studies. APs are widespread in nature and exhibit dif ferent structural formulations. Based on the diversity of biogenetic sources, APs exhibit temperature-propensity traits, and they are classifi ed as psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic. In this article, the characteristics of psychrophilic APs from marine organisms were described, accompanied by a simple description of APs from other organisms. This review will facilitate better utilization of marine APs in the biotechnology fi eld.展开更多
AIM:To investigate intestinal alkaline phosphatase(iAP) in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:Colonic biopsy samples were taken from 15 newly diagnosed IBD patients and from...AIM:To investigate intestinal alkaline phosphatase(iAP) in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:Colonic biopsy samples were taken from 15 newly diagnosed IBD patients and from 10 healthy controls.In IBD patients,specimens were obtainedboth from inflamed and non-inflamed areas.The iAP mRNA and protein expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.Tissue localization of iAP and Toll-like receptor(TLR) 4 was investigated by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS:The iAP protein level in the inflamed mucosa of children with Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) was significantly decreased when compared with controls(both P < 0.05).Similarly,we found a significantly decreased level of iAP protein in the inflamed mucosa in CD compared with non-inflamed mucosa in CD(P < 0.05).In addition,the iAP protein level in inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with UC was decreased compared with non-inflamed mucosa in patients with CD(P < 0.05).iAP protein levels in the non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD were similar to controls.iAP mRNA expression in inflamed colonic mucosa of children with CD and UC was not significantly different from that in non-inflamed colonic mucosa with CD.Expression of iAP mRNA in patients with noninflamed mucosa and in controls were similar.Co-localization of iAP with TLR4 showed intense staining with a dotted-like pattern.iAP was present in the inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD,UC,and in control biopsy specimens,irrespective of whether it was present in the terminal ileum or in the colon.However,the fluorescent signal of TLR4 was more pronounced in the colon compared with the terminal ileum in all groups studied.CONCLUSION:Lower than normal iAP protein levels in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients may indicate a role for iAP in inflammatory lesions in IBD.Based on our results,administration of exogenous iAP enzyme to patients with the active form of IBD may be a therapeutic option.展开更多
A method for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in BALB/c mouse fetal liver stromal cells has been described based on the catalytic reaction. After the cell extract is incubated with the substrate disodium ph...A method for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in BALB/c mouse fetal liver stromal cells has been described based on the catalytic reaction. After the cell extract is incubated with the substrate disodium phenyl phosphate, the reaction product phenol generated by ALP is determined by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.展开更多
Phosphatase plays an important role in the microbial liberation of phosphorus in soil systems.In this study,alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was investigated from tundra ornithogenic soil profiles in Antarctica and...Phosphatase plays an important role in the microbial liberation of phosphorus in soil systems.In this study,alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was investigated from tundra ornithogenic soil profiles in Antarctica and Arctic.The organic carbon (TOC),total nitrogen (TN),and phosphorus fractions and pH were also analyzed in these soils.The correlation between APA and soil chemical properties is discussed.In almost all the soil profiles,APA showed the same variation patterns.The maximum APA appeared in the surface layers,and decreased with soil depth.The APA ranged from 1.00 ppm to 1 403.5 ppm with an average of approximately 408.3 ppm.The APA showed a significant positive correlation with TOC (r =0.70,p <0.001),TN (r =0.43,p =0.002),total phosphorus (r =0.39,p <0.05)and inorganic phosphorus (r =0.40,p =0.037),indicating that they were predominant factors affecting APA in the polar tundra soils.In addition,APA showed a significant negative correlation with Cu and Zn concentrations in the soils,indicating that Cu and Zn may inhibit APA.Our results showed that APA could be used as an important indicator for soil fertility in polar tundra ecosystems.展开更多
Differential pulse voltammetry（DPV） was applied to the determination of alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity in human serum with phenyl phosphate as the substrate. Phenyl phosphate can enzymatically be hydrolyzed to...Differential pulse voltammetry（DPV） was applied to the determination of alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity in human serum with phenyl phosphate as the substrate. Phenyl phosphate can enzymatically be hydrolyzed to produce phenol which is quantified by DPV at +660 mV（vs.Ag/AgCl） in the concentration range of 2.0100 μmol/L. The standard curve for ALP is linear over the range from 0.06 to 1000 U/L with a relative standard deviation of 3.0%. The conditions for the enzymatic reaction and voltammetric detection were optimized and the kinetic constants were also examined.The human serum samples were tested by this method and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by the routine p-nitrophenyl phosphate spectrophotometric method.展开更多
基金This topic is supported by the Shandong Province Health Department Youth Fund(No.9410).
文摘The objective of this paper is to explore the value of bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)for diagnosing osteosarcoma,evaluating the effect of the chemotherapy,judging the prognosis and supervising the relapse and metastasis.The immunoassay was used to check the BALP of the blood serum that was from 42 primary osteosarcoma patients.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)in blood serum was checked with auto biochemistry equipment.The biopsy tissue and the lesion resected in operation were treated with pathology and histological response was counted.The patients were followed up from five months to 49 months with an average of 24.3 months.Eighteen cases relapsed and transferred,among which,16 of them were dead,and others were survival to the end of the follow-up.BALP was more sensitive than ALP in diagnosing osteosarcoma(P=0.015).Fifteen cases decreased to normal value in ALP after preoperative chemotherapy,and 34 cases decreased in BALP.Both ALP and BALP in all cases decreased to normal value in postoperative.There was significant difference in positive correlation between the decrease of BALP and the increase of histological response(P=0.001,r=0.642).In the followup,there was significant difference in BALP between the group of relapse and transfer and the group of free disease survival(P=0.000).As a check marker in blood serum,BALP,reflecting the process of ossification,has a higher sensitivity than ALP.It has applied value in the diagnosis of osteosarcoma,reflection of the effect of chemotherapy and forecast the prognosis.
文摘Objective To investigate the influence of sodium fluoride(NaF)on alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and bone gla protein(BGP)synthesis in yellow ligament cells from different surgical simples in vitro.Methods The human ligament cells
基金China-France Scientific end Technical Cooperation (No.1996-134)Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Henan Province
文摘INTRODUCTIONOnly the liver has the great capability ofregeneration in mammal.Few hepatocytes are inthe phase of division in the normal liver of an adultmammal (including human beings),but theremaining hepatocytes can be induced to proliferatequickly by partial hepatectomy (PH),and,to somedegree,they stop dividing and re-differentiate intocells functioning as hepatocytes.This shows
基金Supported by National natural science foundation of China,No.81272644 and No.81201549
文摘AIM: To determine the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: We analyzed the outcome of 172 HCC patients who underwent liver resection. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of ALP and GGT. Then, preoperative risk factors for survival were evaluated by multivariate analysis. Based on the significant factors, aprognostic score model was established.RESULTS: By ROC curve analysis, ALP > 120 U/L and GGT > 115 U/L were considered elevated. Overall survival(OS) and tumor-free survival(TFS) for patients with elevated ALP and GGT were significantly worse than for patients with ALP and GGT within the normal range. Multivariate analysis showed that the elevated levels of ALP, GGT and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Giving each positive factor as a score of 1, we established a preoperative prognostic score model. The 5-year OS for patients with a score of 0, 1, 2 and 3 were 84.0%, 45.9%, 44.1% and 0%, respectively, while the TFS was 80.6%, 40.0%, 38.8% and 0%, respectively. When combining patients with scores of 1 and 2 into the middle risk group, and patients with scores of 0 and 3 into the low-risk and highrisk groups, respectively, different outcomes would be significantly distinguished by the risk groups.CONCLUSION: Elevated ALP and GGT levels were risk predictors in HCC patients. Our prognostic model might vary the outcomes of patients from different risk groups.
基金supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2015jcyjBX0080)Science and Technology project of Chongqing Education Commission(KJ1600907)
文摘Alkaline phosphatases(APs) include the placental AP(PLAP), germ cell AP(GCAP), intestinal AP(IAP) and tissue nonspecific AP(TNAP). Over expression of TNAP in smooth muscle cells of kidney and vessels provokes the progress of such serious diseases as end-stage renal disease, idiopathic infantile arterial calcification, ankylosis, osteoarthritis and diabetes. In order to design and optimize the potent TNAP inhibitors, comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA) were used to analyze 3D structure-activity relationships(3D-QSAR) of TNAP inhibitors. The 3D-QSAR model(CoMFA with q^2 = 0.521, r^2 = 0.930; CoMSIA with q^2 = 0.529, r^2 = 0.933) had a good predictability. Surflex-dock was used to reveal the binding mode between the inhibitors and TNAP protein. CoMFA, CoMSIA and docking results provide guidance for the discovery of TNAP inhibitors. Finally, eight new compounds as potential TNAP inhibitors were designed.
基金Supported by the Guizhou Provincial Department of Health Science and Technology Fund,No.GZWJKJ2014-2-151the Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province,No.QKH LH [2016]7421the Zunyi Science and Technology Research and Development Fund,No.ZSKHS[2016] 06
文摘BACKGROUND Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) is one of the most important laboratory tests for the evaluation of liver damage. Through a long-term clinical observation of patients with secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis, we found that most patients had abnormal GGT serum levels.AIM To investigate the combination of serum GGT and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in predicting the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical data of 829 patients with cholecystolithiasis admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from August 2014 to August 2017 were collected. Among these patients,151 patients had secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis and served as the observation group, and the remaining 678 cholecystolithiasis patients served as the control group. Serum liver function indexes were detected in both groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(commonly known as ROC) curves were constructed for markers showing statistical significances. The cutoff value,sensitivity, and specificity of each marker were calculated according to the ROC curves.RESULTS The overall incidence of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis was 18.2%. The results of liver function indexes including serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin levels showed no significant differences between the two groups(P> 0.05). However, the serum GGT and ALP levels were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.881(95%CI: 0.830-0.932), 0.647(95%CI: 0.583-0.711) and 0.923(0.892-0.953) for GGT, ALP, and GGT + ALP,respectively. The corresponding cut-off values of GGT and ALP were 95.5 U/L and 151.5 U/L, sensitivity were 90.8% and 65.1%, and specificity were 83.6% and59.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of GGT + ALP were 93.5% and85.1%, respectively.CONCLUSION An abnormally elevated serum GGT level has an important value in the diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis.The combination of serum GGT and ALP has better diagnostic performance. As a convenient, rapid and inexpensive test, it should be applied in secondary asymptomatic choledocholithiasis routine screening.
基金Supported by Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of Canada,No.11883 1486 RR 0001Natural Science and Engineering Re-search Council and the Intestinal Diseases Education Awareness Society,No.86435 5557 RR0001
文摘Intestinal alkaline phosphatase(IAP) plays an essential role in intestinal homeostasis and health through interactions with the resident microbiota, diet and the gut. IAP's role in the intestine is to dephosphorylate toxic microbial ligands such as lipopolysaccharides, unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides and flagellin as well as extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate. IAP's ability to detoxify these ligands is essential in protecting the host from sepsis during acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Also important in these complications is IAP's ability to regulate the microbial ecosystem by forming a complex relationship between microbiota, diet and the intestinal mucosal surface. Evidence reveals that diet alters IAP expression and activity and this in turn can influence the gut microbiota and homeostasis. IAP's ability to maintain a healthygastrointestinal tract has accelerated research on its potential use as a therapeutic agent against a multitude of diseases.Exogenous IAP has been shown to have beneficial effects when administered during ulcerative colitis,coronary bypass surgery and sepsis.There are currently a handful of human clinical trials underway investigating the effects of exogenous IAP during sepsis,rheumatoid arthritis and heart surgery.In light of these findings IAP has been marked as a novel agent to help treat a variety of other inflammatory and infectious diseases.The purpose of this review is to highlight the essential characteristics of IAP in protection and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis while addressing the intricate interplay between IAP,diet,microbiota and the intestinal epithelium.
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and common carotid intima media thickness(IMT), carotid plaque, and extracranial carotid artery stenosis(ECAS). Methods A total of 3,237 participants aged ≥ 40 years were recruited from Jidong community in 2013-2014. Participants were divided into five quintile groups based on their serum ALP levels. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed using ultrasound. Abnormal IMT, carotid plaque, and ECAS were defined as IMT > 0.9 mm, IMT > 1.5 mm, and ≥ 50% stenosis in at least one extracranial carotid artery, respectively. Results Common carotid IMT values and the prevalence of carotid plaque increased across serum ALP quintiles. Higher ALP quintiles were correlated with an increased risk of abnormal IMT [fourth quintile: odds ratio(OR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.13-2.82, P = 0.0135;fifth quintile: OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.15-2.87, P = 0.0110] and ECAS compared to the lowest quintile(fifth quintile: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.09-1.97, P = 0.0106). The association between ALP and prevalence of carotid plaque became insignificant after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Serum ALP levels were independently associated with abnormal common carotid IMT and ECAS. These conclusions need to be further corroborated in future prospective cohort studies.
基金Supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong,No.2017GSF221018 and No.2017G006007.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is characterized by a low 5-year survival rate.The prognosis is still not satisfactory although it has significantly improved due to developments in medicine.Thus,the identification of more efficient indices for the evaluation of GC prognosis is required.We propose,for the first time,that the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)to prealbumin(PA)ratio(APR)can be used as an independent prognostic factor in GC.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value the APR in GC.METHODS According to the exclusion strategy,we collected the preoperative serologic examination results and clinical information of 409 GC patients treated in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January to December,2016.By calculating the APR,the neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio(NLR),C-reactive protein(CRP)and albumin(ALB)ratio,platelet and lymphocyte ratio,lymphocyte and monocyte ratio,and the relationship with clinical information,we verified the role of preoperative APR ratio in the prognosis of GC.In addition,we used a Cox model combined with the APR and tumor stage to demonstrate its efficacy in assessing the prognosis of GC patients.RESULTS Preoperative APR was an independent prognostic factor for GC.The median age of patients in the APR-high group was greater compared with that in the APR-low group.Patients with a higher APR had a more advanced clinical stage,higher neutrophil to lymphocyte,CRP to ALB,and platelet to lymphocyte ratios,but a lower lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(P<0.05).The APR-high group also had higher glycoprotein antigen 199 and carbohydrate antigen 125 levels than the APR-low group(P<0.05).Median overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly longer in the APR-low group than in the APR-high group.In addition,a Cox model based on the APR and tumor stage was more effective in evaluating the prognosis of patients than models based on stage alone or stage plus the NLR.CONCLUSION A higher APR is an independent and negative prognostic factor for GC.The prognosis of GC can be better evaluated using a Cox model based on the APR and stage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ! 49206063.
文摘Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and dissolved phosphorus were monitored during the batch cultures of two bone microalgae. Results indicate that variation of APA was in the shape of "S" curve. Different specs of dissolved phaphorus had different effects on APA. The concentrations of dis solved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and and molecular dissolved organic phosphorus (SDOP) had a sig nificant effect on APA, while the concentration of large molecular dissolved organic phosphorus (LDOP) had a little effect on APA., and the increase of APA could accelerate the decomposing of LDOP in the medium. Results also show that algae species and abundance had why a little effect on APA.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61675151)
文摘Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate(p NPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation(0.1 THz, 13 m W/cm^2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.
文摘AIM: To investigate relapse predictors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end-of-treatment response (ETR), after pegylated interferon-α (PegIFN-α) and ribavirin treatment. METHODS: In a retrospective study we evaluated a spectrum of predictors of relapse after PegIFN-α and ribavirin treatment in 86 CHC patients with ETR. Viral loads were determined with real-time reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction. Hepatitis C virus geno-typing was performed by sequencing analysis. Patients with genotype 1 were treated for 48 wk with 180 μg PegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 1000 mg/d for those under 75 kg or 1200 mg/d for those over 75 kg. Patients with geno- types 2 and 3 were treated for 24 wk with 180 μgPegIFN-α2a or 1.5 μg/kg PegIFN-α2b once weekly plus ribavirin at a dosage of 800 mg/d. RESULTS: In all ETR patients, binary logistic regression analysis identif ied absence of complete early virological response (cEVR) (OR 27.07, 95% CI: 3.09-237.26, P < 0.005), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels prior to therapy < 75 U/L (OR: 6.16, 95% CI: 2.1-18.03, P < 0.001) and body mass index > 26 kg/m2 (OR: 8.27, 95% CI: 2.22-30.84, P < 0.005) as independent predictors of relapse. When cEVR patients were analyzed exclusively, ALP prior to therapy < 75 U/L remained the only predictor of relapse. CONCLUSION: Lower levels of ALP prior to, during and after therapy seem to be associated with a higher risk of relapse in CHC patients with ETR.
基金National Key Project Research and Development Projects,No.S2016G9012International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects,No.2015DFA30650the Capital Special Research Project for Clinical Application,No.Z151100004015170
文摘AIM To clarify the prognostic significance of preoperative albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio(AAPR) in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) subjects receiving surgery.METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 303 CCA patients receiving surgery without preoperative therapy between 2002 and 2014. Clinicopathological characteristics(including AAPR) were analyzed to determine predictors of postoperative overall survival and recurrence-free survival(RFS). In addition,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were conducted,followed by application of time-dependent receiver operating curves to identify the optimal cut-off.RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed both decreased overall survival[hazard ratio(HR): 2.88, 95%CI: 1.19-5.78] and recurrence-free survival(HR: 2.31,95%CI: 1.40–3.29) in patients with AAPR < 0.41 compared to those with AAPR ≥0.41. The optimal cut-off of AAPR was 0.41. Of the 303 subjects, 253(83.5%) had an AAPR over 0.41. The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 70.2%, 38.0% and 16.5%, respectively in the low(< 0.41) AAPR group, which were significantly lower than those in the high(≥ 0.41) AAPR group(81.7%, 53.9%, and 33.4%,respectively)(P < 0.0001). Large tumor size, multiple tumors, and advanced clinical stage were also identified as significant predictors of poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Our outcomes showed that AAPR was a potential valuable prognostic indicator in CCA patients undergoing surgery, which should be further confirmed by prospective studies. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms concerning the correlation of low AAPR with poor post-operative survival in CCA patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31672292, 31372201)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2017205059)
文摘Background: In temperate-breeding birds, individuals must adjust their physiological states from one life-history stage to another in response to changing conditions to maximize ecological fitness. Previous evidences have shown that body mass, size-corrected mass(SCM), and hematocrit(Hct) could be used as estimates of the energetic state of individuals to illustrate life-history trade-offs and individual quality in field physiology. Plasma alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays critical roles in regulating the metabolism of energy but very limited information is known on its link with body mass or Hct.Methods: We determined the changes of plasma ALP levels in both early breeding and wintering stages of male Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus), and examined the relationships between ALP and body mass, SCM, and Hct of the birds.Results: Our study showed that(1) in male Eurasian Tree Sparrows, body mass did not vary with life-history stage but plasma ALP activity significantly increased in the wintering stage compared to the breeding stage;(2) ALP activity was not correlated with individual body mass but was positively correlated with individual SCM and Hct. Such positive correlations, however, only occurred in the wintering but not in the breeding stages.Conclusions: Our results suggest that plasma ALP activities in free-living birds can be used as one of the indicators o body condition or nutritional status for analyzing individual variation in the wintering but not in the breeding stages. The life-history dependent relationships between plasma ALP activity and body condition may contribute to our better understanding of the trade-off between individual survival and reproduction in free-living animals.
基金Supported by Natural Key and Basic Research Development Program,No.2002CB513109
文摘AIM: To construct fusion protein of a single-chain antibody(scFv) against transferrin receptor (TfR) with alkalinephosphatase (AP).METHODS: The VH-linker-VL, namely scFv gene, wasprepared by amplifying the VH and VL genes from plasmid pGEM-T-VH and pGEM-T-VL with splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE PCR). After the ScFv gene was modified by SfiⅠ and NotⅠ, it was subcloned into the secretory expression vector pUC19/119, and then was transformed into E. coli TG1. The positive colonies were screened by colony PCR and their expressions were induced by IPTG. ScFv gene was gained by digesting ScFv expression vector pUC19/119 with Sfi I and NotⅠ restriction enzymes, then subcloned into expression vector pDAP2, followed by transformation in E. coli TG1. The positive colonies were selected by bacterial colony PCR. The expression of fusion protein (scFv-AP) was induced by IPTG. Its activity was detected by enzyme immunoassay. The molecular weights of scFv and scFv-AP were measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).RESULTS: The product of SOE PCR formed a band of 700 bp in agarose gel electrophoresis. SDS-PAGE demonstrated the molecular weight of scFv was 27 ku. Immunofluorescent assay (IFA) demonstrated its reactivity with TfR. The molecular weight of scFv-AP was 75 ku. Enzyme immunoassay showed that scFv-AP could specifically bind to human TfR and play AP activity.CONCLUSION: We have successfully prepared the antihuman TfR scFv and constructed the fusion protein of scFv and AP. It is promising for immunological experiments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Creative Research Groups(No.41221004)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2011DQ005)+6 种基金the Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science and Engineering,SOA(No.MESE-2013-03)the Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas,State Oceanic Administration(No.201306)the Major International Joint Research Project of NSFC(No.41320104008)the Changjiang Scholars Program,Ministry of Education of Chinathe Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Provincethe Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substance and Modern Analytical Technique,SOA(No.MBSMAT-2013-05)This is MCTL Contribution No.81
文摘Alkaline phosphatases(APs) are non-specifi c phosphohydrolases, and they are widely used in clinical diagnostics and biological studies. APs are widespread in nature and exhibit dif ferent structural formulations. Based on the diversity of biogenetic sources, APs exhibit temperature-propensity traits, and they are classifi ed as psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic. In this article, the characteristics of psychrophilic APs from marine organisms were described, accompanied by a simple description of APs from other organisms. This review will facilitate better utilization of marine APs in the biotechnology fi eld.
基金Supported by Grants OTKA-76316,OTKA-K81117,and ETT-028-02 (Veres G and Vannay á are holders of the János Bolyai Research grant)János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
文摘AIM:To investigate intestinal alkaline phosphatase(iAP) in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:Colonic biopsy samples were taken from 15 newly diagnosed IBD patients and from 10 healthy controls.In IBD patients,specimens were obtainedboth from inflamed and non-inflamed areas.The iAP mRNA and protein expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.Tissue localization of iAP and Toll-like receptor(TLR) 4 was investigated by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS:The iAP protein level in the inflamed mucosa of children with Crohn's disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) was significantly decreased when compared with controls(both P < 0.05).Similarly,we found a significantly decreased level of iAP protein in the inflamed mucosa in CD compared with non-inflamed mucosa in CD(P < 0.05).In addition,the iAP protein level in inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with UC was decreased compared with non-inflamed mucosa in patients with CD(P < 0.05).iAP protein levels in the non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD were similar to controls.iAP mRNA expression in inflamed colonic mucosa of children with CD and UC was not significantly different from that in non-inflamed colonic mucosa with CD.Expression of iAP mRNA in patients with noninflamed mucosa and in controls were similar.Co-localization of iAP with TLR4 showed intense staining with a dotted-like pattern.iAP was present in the inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD,UC,and in control biopsy specimens,irrespective of whether it was present in the terminal ileum or in the colon.However,the fluorescent signal of TLR4 was more pronounced in the colon compared with the terminal ileum in all groups studied.CONCLUSION:Lower than normal iAP protein levels in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients may indicate a role for iAP in inflammatory lesions in IBD.Based on our results,administration of exogenous iAP enzyme to patients with the active form of IBD may be a therapeutic option.
文摘A method for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in BALB/c mouse fetal liver stromal cells has been described based on the catalytic reaction. After the cell extract is incubated with the substrate disodium phenyl phosphate, the reaction product phenol generated by ALP is determined by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no.41076124)the KnowledgeInnovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no.KZCX2-YW-QN510)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant no. WK2060190007)the Open Research Foundation of SOA Key Laboratory for Polar Sciences (Grant no.KP2008004)
文摘Phosphatase plays an important role in the microbial liberation of phosphorus in soil systems.In this study,alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) was investigated from tundra ornithogenic soil profiles in Antarctica and Arctic.The organic carbon (TOC),total nitrogen (TN),and phosphorus fractions and pH were also analyzed in these soils.The correlation between APA and soil chemical properties is discussed.In almost all the soil profiles,APA showed the same variation patterns.The maximum APA appeared in the surface layers,and decreased with soil depth.The APA ranged from 1.00 ppm to 1 403.5 ppm with an average of approximately 408.3 ppm.The APA showed a significant positive correlation with TOC (r =0.70,p <0.001),TN (r =0.43,p =0.002),total phosphorus (r =0.39,p <0.05)and inorganic phosphorus (r =0.40,p =0.037),indicating that they were predominant factors affecting APA in the polar tundra soils.In addition,APA showed a significant negative correlation with Cu and Zn concentrations in the soils,indicating that Cu and Zn may inhibit APA.Our results showed that APA could be used as an important indicator for soil fertility in polar tundra ecosystems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2 0 0 75 0 13) and China Postdoctoral Science Foun-dation(No.2 0 0 30 33492 )
文摘Differential pulse voltammetry（DPV） was applied to the determination of alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity in human serum with phenyl phosphate as the substrate. Phenyl phosphate can enzymatically be hydrolyzed to produce phenol which is quantified by DPV at +660 mV（vs.Ag/AgCl） in the concentration range of 2.0100 μmol/L. The standard curve for ALP is linear over the range from 0.06 to 1000 U/L with a relative standard deviation of 3.0%. The conditions for the enzymatic reaction and voltammetric detection were optimized and the kinetic constants were also examined.The human serum samples were tested by this method and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by the routine p-nitrophenyl phosphate spectrophotometric method.
