The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorat...The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.展开更多
Growth differentiation factor 11 （GDF11） is an important circulating factor that regulates aging. However, the role of GDF11 in bone metabolism remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate the re...Growth differentiation factor 11 （GDF11） is an important circulating factor that regulates aging. However, the role of GDF11 in bone metabolism remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between serum GDF11 level, bone mass, and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal Chinese women. Serum GDF11 level, bone turnover biochemical markers, and bone mineral density （BMD） were determined in 169 postmenopausal Chinese women （47-78 years old）. GDF11 serum levels increased with aging. There were negative correlations between GDF11 and BMD at the various skeletal sites. After adjusting for age and body mass index （BMI）, the correlations remained statistically significant. In the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, age or years since menopause, BMI, GDF11, and estradiol were independent predictors of BMD. A significant negative correlation between GDF11 and bone alkaline phosphatase （BAP） was identified and remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI. No significant correlation was noted between cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen （NTX） and GDF11. In conclusion, GDF11 is an independent negative predictor of BMD and correlates with a biomarker of bone formation, BAP, in postmenopausal Chinese women. GDF11 potentially exerts a negative effect on bone mass by regulating bone formation.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with bone metastases.Including diagnosing bone metastases,detecti...Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with bone metastases.Including diagnosing bone metastases,detecting bone metastatic spread.Methods:Alkaline phosphatase(AKP),β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen(β-CTx),osteocalcin(OST) and bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) were measured in 76 patients with bone metastases from NSCLC and 44 normal people.Results:The level of AKP,β-CTx and BALP in patients with bone metastasis was significantly higher than in the normal people.Significant correlation was observed among bone turnover markers.The levels of BALP and OST were significantly correlated with the extent of bone metastasis.The patients with high-level CTx and low-level BALP had higher risk of pathologic fracture.Conclusion:In NSCLC patients with bone metastases,bone turnover markers can help to make diagnosis and evaluate the severity.It will have a wide range of use in clinical practice.展开更多
Objective To investigate plasma leptin concentrations in adolescent female dancers and to determine whether leptin has some effects on their bone mineral density （BMD） and bone turnover markers. Methods Sixty dancer...Objective To investigate plasma leptin concentrations in adolescent female dancers and to determine whether leptin has some effects on their bone mineral density （BMD） and bone turnover markers. Methods Sixty dancers aged 15-17 years and 77 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Bone mineral density （BMD） and body composition were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. Two bone turnover markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BAP） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase（TRACP）, were determined by ELISA. Results The dancers had a lower fat mass and a lower leptin level than the controls, while they had a relatively higher BMD of the total body and legs after adjustment for BMI and age. The levels of bone resorption and formation of markers were higher in the dancers than in the controls. Leptin was positively correlated with BMI, body weight, fat mass, and percentage of body fat. In dancers, Leptin was positively correlated with the BMD of the total body and the left leg. However, after adjustment for BMI, no correlation of serum leptin concentrations with BMD values was found in either dancers or controls. Nor correlation was found between leptin and bone turnover markers after adjustment for BMI. Conelusion The leptin profile is different between the controls and the dancers with a lower BMI and a lower fat mass. Circulating plasma leptin level depends on BMI and is not a direct determinant of BMD in Chinese adolescent dancers.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of Chongcao Bushen Capsules on bone turnover markers in patients with diabetic osteoporosis.Methods:107 patients with diabetic osteoporosis treated in the Hospital from December 2016 to N...Objective:To study the effect of Chongcao Bushen Capsules on bone turnover markers in patients with diabetic osteoporosis.Methods:107 patients with diabetic osteoporosis treated in the Hospital from December 2016 to November 2019were enrolled.They were divided into a control group(n=54)and an observation group(n=53)by random number table.The control group was treated with calcium carbonate,and the observation group was treated with Chongcao Bushen Capsules.The treatment effects,TCM syndrome scores,and bone turnover markers[including osteocalcin,type 1 procollagen amino-terminal propeptide(tP1NP),parathyroid hormone(PTH),25-hydroxyvitamin D,andβ-isomerized c-terminal peptide(β-CTx)],and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group(94.44%)was higher than that in the control group(73.58%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of symptoms including waist and knee weakness,back and waist pain,lower limb weakness,fatigue and tiredness,difficult walking and dizziness in the observation group were shown to be lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of osteocalcin,PTH,tP1NP,andβ-CTx in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the observation group was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Bone density in both male and female in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with diabetic osteoporosis,Chongcao Bushen Capsule can help improve their clinical symptoms,bone density and the level of bone turnover markers.展开更多
目的:探讨消增强骨丸对肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者骨转换标志物的影响。方法:选取80例肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以碳酸钙D3片、骨化三醇软胶囊及阿仑膦酸钠片,观察组在对照组的基础上服用消...目的:探讨消增强骨丸对肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者骨转换标志物的影响。方法:选取80例肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以碳酸钙D3片、骨化三醇软胶囊及阿仑膦酸钠片,观察组在对照组的基础上服用消增强骨丸,两组均治疗6个月。治疗后比较两组腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、髋部BMD、血清25-(OH)VitD、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,β-CTX)、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端延长肽(propeptide of type 1 procollagen,PINP)、骨碱性磷酸酶(bone specific alkaline phosphatase,BALP)、骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)及腰部视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果:两组治疗前腰椎BMD、髋部BMD、25-(OH)VitD、β-CTX、PINP、BALP、BGP、腰部VAS评分之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组腰椎BMD、髋部BMD、25-(OH)VitD、PINP、BALP、BGP较对照组增高,观察组β-CTX、腰部VAS评分较对照组降低(P<0.05)。结论:消增强骨丸治疗肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者疗效可靠,可以影响骨转换标志物,提高骨密度,缓解患者腰部疼痛症状。展开更多
目的:观察血清Wnt1诱导信号通路蛋白1(Wnt1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1,WISP1)水平在绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者中的变化,并分析其与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)各项骨代谢指标的相关性...目的:观察血清Wnt1诱导信号通路蛋白1(Wnt1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1,WISP1)水平在绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者中的变化,并分析其与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)各项骨代谢指标的相关性,探索WISP1在PMOP发生发展中的作用。方法:选取2020年5月─2022年8月在苏州大学附属第一医院健康管理中心进行健康体检的绝经后女性共148例,利用双能X线吸收仪(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)骨密度仪测量腰椎骨密度,根据不同骨量分为骨量正常组(T值≥-1.0),骨量减少组(-2.5<T值<-1.0),骨质疏松组(T值≤-2.5),分别采集临床基本资料,测定骨代谢指标及血清WISP1质量浓度,经SPSS软件进行统计处理。结果:骨质疏松组及骨量减少组的血清WISP1质量浓度均显著高于骨量正常组(均P<0.05)。血清WISP1水平与成骨标志物碱性磷酸酶、总Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽密切相关。结论:WISP1可能通过刺激成骨反应参与PMOP的病理生理过程。展开更多
Objective To investigate the protective effects of naringenin(NRG)against dexamethasone(DEX)-induced osteoporosis(OP)in rats.Methods Molecular docking of NRG was done with AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 software.Forty-eight fema...Objective To investigate the protective effects of naringenin(NRG)against dexamethasone(DEX)-induced osteoporosis(OP)in rats.Methods Molecular docking of NRG was done with AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 software.Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=8 each):normal control(NC),DEX(7 mg/kg,i.m.),NRG-low(NRG-L;25 mg/kg,i.g.),NRG-medium(NRG-M;50 mg/kg,i.g.),NRG-high(NRG-H;100 mg/kg,i.g.),and alendronate(ALN;0.25 mg/d,i.g.)groups.OP was induced by administering DEX once a week for five weeks in all groups except NC group.Begining in the third week after the initial DEX administration,the rats in NRG-L,NRG-M,NRG-H,and ALN groups received the corresponding treatments daily for three weeks,while NC and DEX groups received no additional treatment.Serum samples were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical,bone turnover,antioxidant,lipid profile,and inflammatory cytokine analyses.Femur bones underwent physical parameter testing and histopathological examination.Results The molecular docking results illustrated that NRG docked with calcitonin(CT),lowdensity lipoprotein(LDL),bone morphogenetic protein(BMP),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)receptor,forkhead transcription factors,and osteoprogenitor cells showed good binding energy.In rats administered with 25,50,and 100 mg/kg NRG,there was a significant enhancement in serum biochemical indices,characterized by a reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),parathyroid hormone(PTH),and an elevation in osteocalcin(OC)and CT levels(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).Despite no significant changes in thickness,weight,and length(P>0.05),there was a marked increase in bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.01,P<0.001,and P<0.001,respectively).Antioxidant enzyme markers showed significant upregulation,with higher glutathione,superoxide dismutase,and catalase,and a concurrent decrease in malondialdehyde(MDA)(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).The lipid profile also improved significantly,with lower cholesterol(CH),triglycerides(TG),and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels,and an increase in high-density lipoprotein(HDL)level(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).Inflammatory cytokine levels were reduced,as evidenced by decreases in tumor necrosis factor(TNF),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).Furthermore,histological alterations revealed obvious improvements,and the body weight of rats treated with NRG showed an increase compared with DEX group.Conclusion These findings imply that NRG exhibited a protective effect against DEX-induced OP in rats as it promotes the bone formation process by increasing the number of bone turnover markers including OC and CT,and restoring of antioxidant status,lipid metabolism,and inflammatory markers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072191)Daxing District Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Project (2020006)+1 种基金Beijing Innovation Team Project of Livestock Industry Technology SystemBeijing Science and Technology Special Project (Z201100002620005)。
文摘The aging of the global population has made postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention essential;however,pharmacological treatments are limited.Herein,we evaluate the effect of calcium-fortified fresh milk(FM)in ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis in a rat model established using bilateral ovariectomy.After 3 months of FM(containing vitamin D,and casein phosphopeptides,1000 mg Ca/100 g)or control milk(110 mg Ca/100 g milk)supplementation,bone changes were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,microcomputed tomography,and bone biomechanical testing.The results revealed that FM can regulate bone metabolism and gut microbiota composition,which act on bone metabolism through pathways associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis,relaxin signaling,serotonergic synapse,and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.Furthermore,FM administration significantly increased bone mineral content and density in the lumbar spine and femur,as well as femoral compressive strength,while improving femoral trabecular bone parameters and microarchitecture.Mechanistically,we found that the effects may be due to increased levels of estrogen,bone formation marker osteocalcin,and procollagen typeⅠN-propeptide,and decreased expression of the bone resorption marker C-telopiptide and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b.Overall,the findings suggest that FM is a potential alternative therapeutic option for ameliorating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
基金supported by Grant 81570806 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Growth differentiation factor 11 （GDF11） is an important circulating factor that regulates aging. However, the role of GDF11 in bone metabolism remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between serum GDF11 level, bone mass, and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal Chinese women. Serum GDF11 level, bone turnover biochemical markers, and bone mineral density （BMD） were determined in 169 postmenopausal Chinese women （47-78 years old）. GDF11 serum levels increased with aging. There were negative correlations between GDF11 and BMD at the various skeletal sites. After adjusting for age and body mass index （BMI）, the correlations remained statistically significant. In the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, age or years since menopause, BMI, GDF11, and estradiol were independent predictors of BMD. A significant negative correlation between GDF11 and bone alkaline phosphatase （BAP） was identified and remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI. No significant correlation was noted between cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen （NTX） and GDF11. In conclusion, GDF11 is an independent negative predictor of BMD and correlates with a biomarker of bone formation, BAP, in postmenopausal Chinese women. GDF11 potentially exerts a negative effect on bone mass by regulating bone formation.
基金Supported by grants from the Foundation of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Centre (No.SHDC12007304)Shanghai Public Health Bureau (No.2009086)
文摘Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with bone metastases.Including diagnosing bone metastases,detecting bone metastatic spread.Methods:Alkaline phosphatase(AKP),β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen(β-CTx),osteocalcin(OST) and bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) were measured in 76 patients with bone metastases from NSCLC and 44 normal people.Results:The level of AKP,β-CTx and BALP in patients with bone metastasis was significantly higher than in the normal people.Significant correlation was observed among bone turnover markers.The levels of BALP and OST were significantly correlated with the extent of bone metastasis.The patients with high-level CTx and low-level BALP had higher risk of pathologic fracture.Conclusion:In NSCLC patients with bone metastases,bone turnover markers can help to make diagnosis and evaluate the severity.It will have a wide range of use in clinical practice.
基金supported by the China Research Grant 2006 from Danone Institute (No. DIC 2006-14)
文摘Objective To investigate plasma leptin concentrations in adolescent female dancers and to determine whether leptin has some effects on their bone mineral density （BMD） and bone turnover markers. Methods Sixty dancers aged 15-17 years and 77 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Bone mineral density （BMD） and body composition were detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay （RIA）. Two bone turnover markers, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase （BAP） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase（TRACP）, were determined by ELISA. Results The dancers had a lower fat mass and a lower leptin level than the controls, while they had a relatively higher BMD of the total body and legs after adjustment for BMI and age. The levels of bone resorption and formation of markers were higher in the dancers than in the controls. Leptin was positively correlated with BMI, body weight, fat mass, and percentage of body fat. In dancers, Leptin was positively correlated with the BMD of the total body and the left leg. However, after adjustment for BMI, no correlation of serum leptin concentrations with BMD values was found in either dancers or controls. Nor correlation was found between leptin and bone turnover markers after adjustment for BMI. Conelusion The leptin profile is different between the controls and the dancers with a lower BMI and a lower fat mass. Circulating plasma leptin level depends on BMI and is not a direct determinant of BMD in Chinese adolescent dancers.
基金Traditional Chinese medicine research project of Hebei administration of traditional Chinese medicine(No.2016092)。
文摘Objective:To study the effect of Chongcao Bushen Capsules on bone turnover markers in patients with diabetic osteoporosis.Methods:107 patients with diabetic osteoporosis treated in the Hospital from December 2016 to November 2019were enrolled.They were divided into a control group(n=54)and an observation group(n=53)by random number table.The control group was treated with calcium carbonate,and the observation group was treated with Chongcao Bushen Capsules.The treatment effects,TCM syndrome scores,and bone turnover markers[including osteocalcin,type 1 procollagen amino-terminal propeptide(tP1NP),parathyroid hormone(PTH),25-hydroxyvitamin D,andβ-isomerized c-terminal peptide(β-CTx)],and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed and compared.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group(94.44%)was higher than that in the control group(73.58%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of symptoms including waist and knee weakness,back and waist pain,lower limb weakness,fatigue and tiredness,difficult walking and dizziness in the observation group were shown to be lower than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of osteocalcin,PTH,tP1NP,andβ-CTx in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the observation group was higher than the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Bone density in both male and female in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with diabetic osteoporosis,Chongcao Bushen Capsule can help improve their clinical symptoms,bone density and the level of bone turnover markers.
文摘目的:探讨消增强骨丸对肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者骨转换标志物的影响。方法:选取80例肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组予以碳酸钙D3片、骨化三醇软胶囊及阿仑膦酸钠片,观察组在对照组的基础上服用消增强骨丸,两组均治疗6个月。治疗后比较两组腰椎骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、髋部BMD、血清25-(OH)VitD、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-C-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen,β-CTX)、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端延长肽(propeptide of type 1 procollagen,PINP)、骨碱性磷酸酶(bone specific alkaline phosphatase,BALP)、骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)及腰部视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。结果:两组治疗前腰椎BMD、髋部BMD、25-(OH)VitD、β-CTX、PINP、BALP、BGP、腰部VAS评分之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组腰椎BMD、髋部BMD、25-(OH)VitD、PINP、BALP、BGP较对照组增高,观察组β-CTX、腰部VAS评分较对照组降低(P<0.05)。结论:消增强骨丸治疗肝肾阴虚型骨质疏松症患者疗效可靠,可以影响骨转换标志物,提高骨密度,缓解患者腰部疼痛症状。
文摘目的:观察血清Wnt1诱导信号通路蛋白1(Wnt1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1,WISP1)水平在绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)患者中的变化,并分析其与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)各项骨代谢指标的相关性,探索WISP1在PMOP发生发展中的作用。方法:选取2020年5月─2022年8月在苏州大学附属第一医院健康管理中心进行健康体检的绝经后女性共148例,利用双能X线吸收仪(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)骨密度仪测量腰椎骨密度,根据不同骨量分为骨量正常组(T值≥-1.0),骨量减少组(-2.5<T值<-1.0),骨质疏松组(T值≤-2.5),分别采集临床基本资料,测定骨代谢指标及血清WISP1质量浓度,经SPSS软件进行统计处理。结果:骨质疏松组及骨量减少组的血清WISP1质量浓度均显著高于骨量正常组(均P<0.05)。血清WISP1水平与成骨标志物碱性磷酸酶、总Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端肽密切相关。结论:WISP1可能通过刺激成骨反应参与PMOP的病理生理过程。
文摘Objective To investigate the protective effects of naringenin(NRG)against dexamethasone(DEX)-induced osteoporosis(OP)in rats.Methods Molecular docking of NRG was done with AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 software.Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=8 each):normal control(NC),DEX(7 mg/kg,i.m.),NRG-low(NRG-L;25 mg/kg,i.g.),NRG-medium(NRG-M;50 mg/kg,i.g.),NRG-high(NRG-H;100 mg/kg,i.g.),and alendronate(ALN;0.25 mg/d,i.g.)groups.OP was induced by administering DEX once a week for five weeks in all groups except NC group.Begining in the third week after the initial DEX administration,the rats in NRG-L,NRG-M,NRG-H,and ALN groups received the corresponding treatments daily for three weeks,while NC and DEX groups received no additional treatment.Serum samples were collected at the end of the experiment for biochemical,bone turnover,antioxidant,lipid profile,and inflammatory cytokine analyses.Femur bones underwent physical parameter testing and histopathological examination.Results The molecular docking results illustrated that NRG docked with calcitonin(CT),lowdensity lipoprotein(LDL),bone morphogenetic protein(BMP),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)receptor,forkhead transcription factors,and osteoprogenitor cells showed good binding energy.In rats administered with 25,50,and 100 mg/kg NRG,there was a significant enhancement in serum biochemical indices,characterized by a reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),parathyroid hormone(PTH),and an elevation in osteocalcin(OC)and CT levels(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).Despite no significant changes in thickness,weight,and length(P>0.05),there was a marked increase in bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.01,P<0.001,and P<0.001,respectively).Antioxidant enzyme markers showed significant upregulation,with higher glutathione,superoxide dismutase,and catalase,and a concurrent decrease in malondialdehyde(MDA)(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).The lipid profile also improved significantly,with lower cholesterol(CH),triglycerides(TG),and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels,and an increase in high-density lipoprotein(HDL)level(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).Inflammatory cytokine levels were reduced,as evidenced by decreases in tumor necrosis factor(TNF),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β(P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively).Furthermore,histological alterations revealed obvious improvements,and the body weight of rats treated with NRG showed an increase compared with DEX group.Conclusion These findings imply that NRG exhibited a protective effect against DEX-induced OP in rats as it promotes the bone formation process by increasing the number of bone turnover markers including OC and CT,and restoring of antioxidant status,lipid metabolism,and inflammatory markers.
