An experiment was conducted at the Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of selected botanical extracts against Botrytis ...An experiment was conducted at the Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of selected botanical extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum (Bg) causing gladiolus leaf blight. Infected leaves samples were collected from gladiolus farmers’ field and brought to the laboratory for study. Ten selected botanicals were used against the colony growth of (Bg). The botanicals were Mehendi, Chrysanthemum, Basil (Tulsi), Onion, Neem, Bael, Arjuna, Garlic, Aloevera (Ghritkumary) and Turmeric. Botanical extracts were applied at the rate of 5%, 10% and 20%. The radial mycelia growth was found minimum (11.60 mm) in garlic extract treated plate at the dose of 5% at 5 DAI, which was statistically similar with turmeric extract treated (14.00 mm) plate and the inhibition of growth was 60% and 51.72%, respectively. Similar trend was found at 10 DAI and 15 DAI. At 15 DAI, garlic and turmeric extract gave the best result against Bg, which was statistically similar with onion (50.07% inhibition) and mehendi (49.93%). All botanicals showed significantly different results over control and found effective in reducing the mycelial growth at the dose of 10%. At 5 DAI, no radial mycelia growth was found in garlic treated plate, which was statistically similar with onion treated plate, means that the inhibition of growth was 100%. Similar trend was also found at 10 DAI, and 15 DAI but at 15 DAI, onion (30.20 mm) gave the statistically similar results with Garlic (30.10 mm) and the mycelia growth inhibition was (57.70%) and (57.84%), respectively. In case of 20% dose, garlic extract showed the best result at 5 DAI and the radial mycelia growth was found minimum (00.00 mm) which was statistically similar with onion extract treated (00.00 mm) plate and turmeric extract treated plate. The inhibition of growth was 100%. At 15 DAI, the inhibition of fungal growth was found (73.74%), (71.23%) and (66.90%), respectively with treated by turmeric (18.80 mm), garlic (20.60 mm) and onion (23.70 mm).展开更多
[Objective] The antifungal activity of the extracts from,Atractylodes macracephal Koidz and Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel,against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani were studied under the condition of laborator...[Objective] The antifungal activity of the extracts from,Atractylodes macracephal Koidz and Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel,against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani were studied under the condition of laboratory,in order to develop and utilize these two plants.[Method] The mycelium growth rate test was applied to measure the antifungal activities of extracts against fungi.[Result] the extracts of all the two plants showed strong antifungal activity against the target pathogenic fungi,especially the antifungal activity of the extract from Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel was stronger and more stable.The inhibition rate to the mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea was 80.25%.At the same concentration,the extract from Atractylodes macracephal Koidz showed little inhibition to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani.The petrolelum ether extract of Atractylodes macracephal Koidz showed stronger antifungal activities and the EC50 was 5.31 mg/ml,and the n-butanol extract of Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel showed stronger antifungal activities and the EC50 was 2.93 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel showed the stronger antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani.展开更多
Cabbage white butterfly (<i><span>Pieris</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span>) is one of the important insect pests of cabb...Cabbage white butterfly (<i><span>Pieris</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span>) is one of the important insect pests of cabbage crop which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses. The research was conducted at Hazara Agricultural research station, Abbottabad (Pakistan) to study the effect of different new chemical insecticides, botanical oil and neem seed oil (</span><i><span>Azadirachta</span></i><span> </span><i><span>indica</span></i><span> A. Juss.) on the population density of </span><i><span>P.</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span>. The study showed that neem oil had a significant effect on population of </span><i><span>P.</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassic</span></i><i><span>ae</span></i><span> in comparison to control treatment. So, neem oil alone or in combination with insecticides can be used for control of </span><i><span>P.</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span> in vegetable crops for a safer food supply.</span>展开更多
Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> <i>infestans</i> (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extrac...Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> <i>infestans</i> (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extracts against the late blight disease incidence and severity in experimental potato field at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during 2019-2020. Crude aqueous extract of leaves of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i>, <i>Psidium</i> <i>guajava</i>, <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>globusus</i>, <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i> and <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i>;fruits of <i>Terminalia</i> <i>bellirica</i>, <i>T.</i> <i>chebula</i> and <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>;flower buds of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and cloves of <i>Allium</i> <i>sativum</i> were used at 5% (w/v) concentration for evaluation. Out of ten botanicals, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> leaves extract was found most effective in controlling the late blight disease incidence and severity up to 66 DAS (days after sowing) and increased the potato yield by 71.29% compare to untreated control. The efficacy of <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i> extract against late blight disease was found promising and increased the potato yield by 48.51%. Other four botanical extracts (<i>Terminalia</i> <i>chebula</i>, <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i>) showed moderate efficacy <span>against the incidence and severity of late blight disease, and increased 30% </span>more potato yield compare to control. These results suggest that botanical extract of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> ha<span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> a great potential as an alternative </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> chemical fungicides to control the late blight disease of potato in</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">eco-friendly way.</span>展开更多
Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and...Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress conditions.Methods Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,respectively.Pigs(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water vs.feed(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,P<0.001),and was greater(P<0.05)for antioxidant supplementation compared to control.Cellular proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was reduced by vitamin E sup-plementations under heat stress(interaction,P<0.001).Conclusions The addition of the antioxidants in feed or in drinking water did not alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs.展开更多
Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the...Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the region of production. In the tropics, ruminants are restricted to grazing on low-quality forages, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products with very little or no concentrate diets, which adversely affect the animals in exhibiting their full production potential. Considering this fact, there is an increasing interest in improving the digestibility of these feed resources. In recent years, researchers have explored several methods to enhance the functions of rumen microflora, improve digestion and fermentation processes, as well as increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients through feed supplementation. This review aims to explore the positive effects of supplementation of ruminant diets with probiotics or botanical extracts and their metabolites on the productivity of the animals. Moreover, the functions of these non-pathogenic and non-toxic live microorganisms(probiotics) and plant biologically active compounds(botanical extract)are explored because of the ban on non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters coupled with the critical preference of consumers to high quality and safe animal products. It has been reported that these alternative supplemental products have a beneficial impact on both animal health and productivity, which is affecting stabilization of rumen environment, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria proliferation in gastrointestinal tract, modulation of immune response, increase in fibre degradation and fermentation, nutrients availability and utilization, animal growth performance and milk production, among others. However,long-term in vivo studies are still required to determine the synergetic effects of these 2 safe supplemental products.展开更多
In recent years the consumers’interest in a healthy life style as a mean to prevent so called civilization-diseases which are often related to oxidative-stress,has grown.Food products with health-promoting properties...In recent years the consumers’interest in a healthy life style as a mean to prevent so called civilization-diseases which are often related to oxidative-stress,has grown.Food products with health-promoting properties such as fruits and vegetables but also herbs and spices serve as natural suppliers of health beneficial compounds.Many of展开更多
Rice is the most staple cereal crop of Bangladesh and rice blast caused by</span><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Magnaporthe oryzae o...Rice is the most staple cereal crop of Bangladesh and rice blast caused by</span><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MoO) has become a major factor limiting rice yield in Bangladesh and throughout the world. Eight botanicals extracted both in water and ethanol namely Kalijira (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nigella sativa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Turmeric (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Curcuma lon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ga</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Ginger (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Zingiber officinalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Garlic (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium sativum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Onion (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neem (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Azadirachta indica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Allamanda (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allamanda cathartica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aloevera (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aloe vera</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were tested against MoO </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in the Mycology Laborato</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ry, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the botanicals significantly reduced radial growth of the tested pathogen. Maximum mycelia growth inhibition of MoO was achieved </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with water extract of turmeric (1:1 w/v) and ethanol extracts of neem (1:4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w/v) with 86.57% and 92.62% mycelia growth inhibition at 14 DAI, respectively.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts Artemisia herba-alba, Matricharia chamomella, and Melia azedarach against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The following concentrations were used to assess th...This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts Artemisia herba-alba, Matricharia chamomella, and Melia azedarach against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The following concentrations were used to assess the effectiveness ofA. herba-alba, M. chamomella, and M. azedarach： 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 mg/L; 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 mg/L and 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 mg/L, respectively. The mortality rates of the mosquito pupae were measured after 24 hours. It was found that the LCso was 0.50, 1.00 and 1.80 mg/L of M. chamomile, M. azedarach, and A. herab-alba respectively which mean that M. chamomella extracts had the best pesticide effects against Cx. Quinquefasciatus pupae where was A. herba-alba the lower of them.展开更多
Objective:To determine larvicidal activity of the essential oil,hydrolat and botanical extracts derived from leaves ol Pseudocalymma alliaceum an mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:Groups of twenty lana...Objective:To determine larvicidal activity of the essential oil,hydrolat and botanical extracts derived from leaves ol Pseudocalymma alliaceum an mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:Groups of twenty lanae were used in the larvicidal assays.The mortality,relative growth rate,the larval and pupal duration and viability was estimated.The essential oil was analyzed by solid phase microextraction using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.Results:Essential oil at 800 ppm showed larvicidal activity at 24 h with lethal values of LC_(50) and LC_(90) of 267.33 and 493.63 ppm.The hvdrolat at 20% and 10% on 2nd stage larvae showed 100%effectiveness after 24 h.The aqueous extract at 10% had a relative growth index of 0.58.while the ethanolic and methanolic extract obtained values of 0.76 and 0.70 and control reached 0.99.Larvae treated with 10% of methanol,ethanol and aqueous extract showed a reduction in larval duration of 5.00,2.20 and 4.35 days;ethanol extract at 1% provoke decrease of 2.40 days in the development and exhibited an increment of 3.30 days when treated with 0.01%.Aqueous,ethanol and methanol extracts at 10%reduced in 6.15,3.42 and 5.57 days pupal development.The main compounds were diallyl disulfide(50.05%),diallyl sulfide(11.77%) and disulfide di-2-propenyl(10.37%).Conclusions:The study demonstrated for the first time,the larvicidal activity of the essential oil and hydrolat of Pseudocalymma alliaceum:aqueous,ethanol and methanol extracts inhibited the normal growth and development of mosquito larvae,prolonging and delaying larval and pupal duration.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide（SF-CO 2） for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogen...The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide（SF-CO 2） for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.展开更多
The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)is one of the world’s most important vegetable crops.Still,phytopathogenic bacteria affect the yield and quality of tomato cultivation,like Agrobacterium tumefeciens(At),Clavibacter...The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)is one of the world’s most important vegetable crops.Still,phytopathogenic bacteria affect the yield and quality of tomato cultivation,like Agrobacterium tumefeciens(At),Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis(Cmm),Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato(Pst),Ralstonia solanacearum(Rs),and Xanthomonas axonopodis(Xa).Synthetic chemical products are used mostly on disease plant control,but overuse generates resistance to bacterial control.This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam.leaves against At,Cmm,Pst,Rs,and Xa,as well as information about this plant species’chemical composition.Antibacterial activity against pathogens observed by microplate technique,phytochemical screening,and FTIR analysis revealed different bio-active compounds on ethanolic extracts with antibacterial activity.The growth inhibition rate ranged between 0.08%and 99.94%.The inhibitory concentration,IC50,required to inhibit 50%of At,Cmm,Pst,Rs,and Xa bacterial growth,was 276.67,350.48,277.85,351.49,and 283.22 mg/L,respectively.Inhibition of phytopathogen bacteria’s growth increased as the concentrations of the extract also increased.Moringa oleifera extract can be recommended as a potent bio-bactericide.展开更多
One of the most important factors limiting the success of plant-derived therapeutics is that these products are generally a mixture containing many different molecules.The compounds responsible for bioactivities and/o...One of the most important factors limiting the success of plant-derived therapeutics is that these products are generally a mixture containing many different molecules.The compounds responsible for bioactivities and/or clinical effects are also not yet identified.To overcome this hurdle,we investigated whether we can reconstitute bioactivities展开更多
文摘An experiment was conducted at the Mycology laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to find out the efficacy of selected botanical extracts against Botrytis gladiolorum (Bg) causing gladiolus leaf blight. Infected leaves samples were collected from gladiolus farmers’ field and brought to the laboratory for study. Ten selected botanicals were used against the colony growth of (Bg). The botanicals were Mehendi, Chrysanthemum, Basil (Tulsi), Onion, Neem, Bael, Arjuna, Garlic, Aloevera (Ghritkumary) and Turmeric. Botanical extracts were applied at the rate of 5%, 10% and 20%. The radial mycelia growth was found minimum (11.60 mm) in garlic extract treated plate at the dose of 5% at 5 DAI, which was statistically similar with turmeric extract treated (14.00 mm) plate and the inhibition of growth was 60% and 51.72%, respectively. Similar trend was found at 10 DAI and 15 DAI. At 15 DAI, garlic and turmeric extract gave the best result against Bg, which was statistically similar with onion (50.07% inhibition) and mehendi (49.93%). All botanicals showed significantly different results over control and found effective in reducing the mycelial growth at the dose of 10%. At 5 DAI, no radial mycelia growth was found in garlic treated plate, which was statistically similar with onion treated plate, means that the inhibition of growth was 100%. Similar trend was also found at 10 DAI, and 15 DAI but at 15 DAI, onion (30.20 mm) gave the statistically similar results with Garlic (30.10 mm) and the mycelia growth inhibition was (57.70%) and (57.84%), respectively. In case of 20% dose, garlic extract showed the best result at 5 DAI and the radial mycelia growth was found minimum (00.00 mm) which was statistically similar with onion extract treated (00.00 mm) plate and turmeric extract treated plate. The inhibition of growth was 100%. At 15 DAI, the inhibition of fungal growth was found (73.74%), (71.23%) and (66.90%), respectively with treated by turmeric (18.80 mm), garlic (20.60 mm) and onion (23.70 mm).
基金Supported by Talent Introduction Grantin Anhui Science and Technology University(ZRC2007102)Outstanding Young Talets Project of Anhui Provincal Universities(2009SQRZ11)~~
文摘[Objective] The antifungal activity of the extracts from,Atractylodes macracephal Koidz and Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel,against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani were studied under the condition of laboratory,in order to develop and utilize these two plants.[Method] The mycelium growth rate test was applied to measure the antifungal activities of extracts against fungi.[Result] the extracts of all the two plants showed strong antifungal activity against the target pathogenic fungi,especially the antifungal activity of the extract from Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel was stronger and more stable.The inhibition rate to the mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea was 80.25%.At the same concentration,the extract from Atractylodes macracephal Koidz showed little inhibition to Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani.The petrolelum ether extract of Atractylodes macracephal Koidz showed stronger antifungal activities and the EC50 was 5.31 mg/ml,and the n-butanol extract of Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel showed stronger antifungal activities and the EC50 was 2.93 mg/ml.[Conclusion] The extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis Bunge Regel showed the stronger antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani.
文摘Cabbage white butterfly (<i><span>Pieris</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span>) is one of the important insect pests of cabbage crop which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses. The research was conducted at Hazara Agricultural research station, Abbottabad (Pakistan) to study the effect of different new chemical insecticides, botanical oil and neem seed oil (</span><i><span>Azadirachta</span></i><span> </span><i><span>indica</span></i><span> A. Juss.) on the population density of </span><i><span>P.</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span>. The study showed that neem oil had a significant effect on population of </span><i><span>P.</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassic</span></i><i><span>ae</span></i><span> in comparison to control treatment. So, neem oil alone or in combination with insecticides can be used for control of </span><i><span>P.</span></i><span> </span><i><span>brassicae</span></i><span> in vegetable crops for a safer food supply.</span>
文摘Late blight caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> <i>infestans</i> (Mont.) De Bary is the most devastating disease of potato. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ten botanical extracts against the late blight disease incidence and severity in experimental potato field at University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh during 2019-2020. Crude aqueous extract of leaves of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i>, <i>Psidium</i> <i>guajava</i>, <i>Eucalyptus</i> <i>globusus</i>, <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i> and <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i>;fruits of <i>Terminalia</i> <i>bellirica</i>, <i>T.</i> <i>chebula</i> and <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>;flower buds of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and cloves of <i>Allium</i> <i>sativum</i> were used at 5% (w/v) concentration for evaluation. Out of ten botanicals, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> leaves extract was found most effective in controlling the late blight disease incidence and severity up to 66 DAS (days after sowing) and increased the potato yield by 71.29% compare to untreated control. The efficacy of <i>Lawsonia</i> <i>inermis</i> extract against late blight disease was found promising and increased the potato yield by 48.51%. Other four botanical extracts (<i>Terminalia</i> <i>chebula</i>, <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i>, <i>Syzygium</i> <i>aromaticum</i> and <i>Carica</i> <i>papaya</i>) showed moderate efficacy <span>against the incidence and severity of late blight disease, and increased 30% </span>more potato yield compare to control. These results suggest that botanical extract of <i>Syzygium</i> <i>cumini</i> ha<span style="font-family:;" "="">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> a great potential as an alternative </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">of</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> chemical fungicides to control the late blight disease of potato in</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">eco-friendly way.</span>
基金YVSG was funded by a doctoral scholarship provided by the Peruvian National Fund,for Scientific,Technological,and Technological Innovation Development(FONDECYT)the funding branch of the National Council for Science,Technological,and Technological Innovation Development(CONCYTEC),Peru(grant contract No 233-2015-FONDECYT).
文摘Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress conditions.Methods Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,respectively.Pigs(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water vs.feed(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,P<0.001),and was greater(P<0.05)for antioxidant supplementation compared to control.Cellular proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was reduced by vitamin E sup-plementations under heat stress(interaction,P<0.001).Conclusions The addition of the antioxidants in feed or in drinking water did not alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on feed intake and growth rate of growing pigs.
文摘Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the region of production. In the tropics, ruminants are restricted to grazing on low-quality forages, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products with very little or no concentrate diets, which adversely affect the animals in exhibiting their full production potential. Considering this fact, there is an increasing interest in improving the digestibility of these feed resources. In recent years, researchers have explored several methods to enhance the functions of rumen microflora, improve digestion and fermentation processes, as well as increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients through feed supplementation. This review aims to explore the positive effects of supplementation of ruminant diets with probiotics or botanical extracts and their metabolites on the productivity of the animals. Moreover, the functions of these non-pathogenic and non-toxic live microorganisms(probiotics) and plant biologically active compounds(botanical extract)are explored because of the ban on non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters coupled with the critical preference of consumers to high quality and safe animal products. It has been reported that these alternative supplemental products have a beneficial impact on both animal health and productivity, which is affecting stabilization of rumen environment, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria proliferation in gastrointestinal tract, modulation of immune response, increase in fibre degradation and fermentation, nutrients availability and utilization, animal growth performance and milk production, among others. However,long-term in vivo studies are still required to determine the synergetic effects of these 2 safe supplemental products.
文摘In recent years the consumers’interest in a healthy life style as a mean to prevent so called civilization-diseases which are often related to oxidative-stress,has grown.Food products with health-promoting properties such as fruits and vegetables but also herbs and spices serve as natural suppliers of health beneficial compounds.Many of
文摘Rice is the most staple cereal crop of Bangladesh and rice blast caused by</span><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MoO) has become a major factor limiting rice yield in Bangladesh and throughout the world. Eight botanicals extracted both in water and ethanol namely Kalijira (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nigella sativa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Turmeric (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Curcuma lon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ga</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Ginger (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Zingiber officinalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Garlic (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium sativum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Onion (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neem (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Azadirachta indica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Allamanda (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allamanda cathartica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aloevera (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aloe vera</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were tested against MoO </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in the Mycology Laborato</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ry, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the botanicals significantly reduced radial growth of the tested pathogen. Maximum mycelia growth inhibition of MoO was achieved </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with water extract of turmeric (1:1 w/v) and ethanol extracts of neem (1:4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w/v) with 86.57% and 92.62% mycelia growth inhibition at 14 DAI, respectively.
文摘This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of plant extracts Artemisia herba-alba, Matricharia chamomella, and Melia azedarach against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The following concentrations were used to assess the effectiveness ofA. herba-alba, M. chamomella, and M. azedarach： 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50 and 3.00 mg/L; 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 mg/L and 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.75 and 2.00 mg/L, respectively. The mortality rates of the mosquito pupae were measured after 24 hours. It was found that the LCso was 0.50, 1.00 and 1.80 mg/L of M. chamomile, M. azedarach, and A. herab-alba respectively which mean that M. chamomella extracts had the best pesticide effects against Cx. Quinquefasciatus pupae where was A. herba-alba the lower of them.
基金financial support provided by National Polithecnic InstituteNational Council of Science and Technology(CONACYT),Mexico
文摘Objective:To determine larvicidal activity of the essential oil,hydrolat and botanical extracts derived from leaves ol Pseudocalymma alliaceum an mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods:Groups of twenty lanae were used in the larvicidal assays.The mortality,relative growth rate,the larval and pupal duration and viability was estimated.The essential oil was analyzed by solid phase microextraction using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.Results:Essential oil at 800 ppm showed larvicidal activity at 24 h with lethal values of LC_(50) and LC_(90) of 267.33 and 493.63 ppm.The hvdrolat at 20% and 10% on 2nd stage larvae showed 100%effectiveness after 24 h.The aqueous extract at 10% had a relative growth index of 0.58.while the ethanolic and methanolic extract obtained values of 0.76 and 0.70 and control reached 0.99.Larvae treated with 10% of methanol,ethanol and aqueous extract showed a reduction in larval duration of 5.00,2.20 and 4.35 days;ethanol extract at 1% provoke decrease of 2.40 days in the development and exhibited an increment of 3.30 days when treated with 0.01%.Aqueous,ethanol and methanol extracts at 10%reduced in 6.15,3.42 and 5.57 days pupal development.The main compounds were diallyl disulfide(50.05%),diallyl sulfide(11.77%) and disulfide di-2-propenyl(10.37%).Conclusions:The study demonstrated for the first time,the larvicidal activity of the essential oil and hydrolat of Pseudocalymma alliaceum:aqueous,ethanol and methanol extracts inhibited the normal growth and development of mosquito larvae,prolonging and delaying larval and pupal duration.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Key Project of Henan Province, China (082102350006 and 102102310242)the College Young Teachers Projects of Henan Province, China (2010GGJS046)
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide（SF-CO 2） for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.
基金This work was supported by PRODEP throughthe support of the postdoctoral fellowship granted to the first author(Trade No.511-6/18-391)The authors thank the academic body of Ecología Aplicada(UAT-CA-156)for the support obtained from their researchers to conductthis investigation.
文摘The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)is one of the world’s most important vegetable crops.Still,phytopathogenic bacteria affect the yield and quality of tomato cultivation,like Agrobacterium tumefeciens(At),Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis(Cmm),Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato(Pst),Ralstonia solanacearum(Rs),and Xanthomonas axonopodis(Xa).Synthetic chemical products are used mostly on disease plant control,but overuse generates resistance to bacterial control.This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam.leaves against At,Cmm,Pst,Rs,and Xa,as well as information about this plant species’chemical composition.Antibacterial activity against pathogens observed by microplate technique,phytochemical screening,and FTIR analysis revealed different bio-active compounds on ethanolic extracts with antibacterial activity.The growth inhibition rate ranged between 0.08%and 99.94%.The inhibitory concentration,IC50,required to inhibit 50%of At,Cmm,Pst,Rs,and Xa bacterial growth,was 276.67,350.48,277.85,351.49,and 283.22 mg/L,respectively.Inhibition of phytopathogen bacteria’s growth increased as the concentrations of the extract also increased.Moringa oleifera extract can be recommended as a potent bio-bactericide.
文摘One of the most important factors limiting the success of plant-derived therapeutics is that these products are generally a mixture containing many different molecules.The compounds responsible for bioactivities and/or clinical effects are also not yet identified.To overcome this hurdle,we investigated whether we can reconstitute bioactivities
