Based on the national strategy of"new urbanization",from the perspective of urban and rural integration,industrial interaction,economy and intensification,this paper proposes to vigorously promote the indust...Based on the national strategy of"new urbanization",from the perspective of urban and rural integration,industrial interaction,economy and intensification,this paper proposes to vigorously promote the industrialization planning of urban and rural housing based on SI system,do a good job in the production of building structural parts from the perspective of building industrialization,extend to the internal filling parts,and do a good job in the internal filling system from the perspective of housing industrialization.At the moment of"Rural Revitalization"strategy,we should first develop the SI system multi-storey industrialized housing to meet the needs of rural areas.At the same time,we put forward the development path of China's urban and rural housing industrialization.展开更多
China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of pl...China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of plate glass, 20.4 million pieces of sanitation ceramics and 173 million square metres of construction ceramics, showing rises of 12.89, 12.83, 123.8 and 127 percent respectively over the previous year. The output of cement and展开更多
Since 1994, a vigourous development has emerged in China’s construction thanks to the remarkable progress of our economicreform and the continuous, stable and healthy growth of the national economy The national key c...Since 1994, a vigourous development has emerged in China’s construction thanks to the remarkable progress of our economicreform and the continuous, stable and healthy growth of the national economy The national key construction projects have been speeded up with the improved completion of investment plans and capital funds, compared to 1993. The macro control of real estate has展开更多
Tender price indices (TPI) remain an optimum process for predicting tender prices. There have been several indices’ developments in the Ghanaian Building Industry (GBI) to help in cost management practices, for insta...Tender price indices (TPI) remain an optimum process for predicting tender prices. There have been several indices’ developments in the Ghanaian Building Industry (GBI) to help in cost management practices, for instance, building cost indices, and material indices among others. Notwithstanding, there are no indices for forecasting tender price at the design stage of building projects in the Ghanaian Building Industry. The motivation of this study is to develop tender price indices that would facilitate easy prediction of the initial cost of building projects. Through a thorough literature review and secondary data collection, the index was formulated using Laspeyres with Excel spreadsheet for the actual index. The variables considered include preliminaries and measured work sections which include the substructure, concrete work, reinforcement, masonry, lining/sheathing, window/door/stairs, metalwork, surface finishes, sanitary appliances/fitting and electrical supply/power light system of the Bills of Quantities. The finding of the study shows that on average there is a change in price of about 4.42 per cent within the eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. The study has developed tender price indices for the Ghanaian Building industry for the facilitation of the easy prediction of the tender prices at the initial design stage, however, the indices have an error margin of ±3. The development of these indices will serve as the basis for further development of other indices in GBI such as locational indices and value-based indices for effective cost management practices.展开更多
JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and qualit...JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for building materials industry. This standard is applicable to the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for cement kiln, glass melting tank and other industrial furnaces.2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997: Test method for the apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5070: Chemical analysis method for magnesite-Chrome refractoriesGB 5072: Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989: Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320: Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 7321: Sample preparation for testing of dense shaped refractory productsGB 10324: Type definition of refractory productsGB 10325: Piling, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of refractory展开更多
This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class ...This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost.展开更多
Because of the high energy demand required to heat a production hall, the aim of this project is to find out whether it is possible to verify the heating consuming process for heating with the standard simplified calc...Because of the high energy demand required to heat a production hall, the aim of this project is to find out whether it is possible to verify the heating consuming process for heating with the standard simplified calculation method [1], especially for cold regions such as Kosice (Slovakia). The energy requirement for heating a case study industrial building was evaluated using measurements and calculations.During the winter period, energy consumption was measured in the selected industrial building according to a validation standard [2]. The building is comprised of two halls. The measurements were analyzed according to the criteria used for validating residential and public buildings, with several regression dependencies taken into account in the resulting evaluation of heating energy consumption. The mathematical dependencies of measured values in real conditions are shown in this paper. In addition, the building’s heating energy demand was calculated according to the Austrian standard [3], ?NORM EN ISO 13790, the simplified calculation method for non-residential buildings. It was investigated whether the measured values could be replicated using this calculation. It was found that the precise definition of the internal heat gains is very important.展开更多
With the progress of urbanization in China,the pace of urban renewal is accelerating.Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city.Following the transformation,old industrial bui...With the progress of urbanization in China,the pace of urban renewal is accelerating.Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city.Following the transformation,old industrial buildings have shown a new look with diversification and modernization.This article briefly describes contemporary China.The background of industrial building renovation and the analysis of the redevelopment and utilization modes as well as renovation strategies in conjunction with case studies provide a summary and enlightenment for the renovation of industrial heritage buildings in the city.展开更多
In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials indust...In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials industry to global air pollution,the need to develop multipollutant emission reduction technology is urgent.Recently,China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry,established many key research and development projects,and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits.This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China’s building materials industry,including denitration,dust removal,desulfurization,synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction,and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries.On this basis,revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China’s building material industry are proposed.展开更多
The meat processing industry, due to its high energy consumption, needs to be assessed in an energy usage basis. This paper reports the results and implications of an energy audit in a meat processing industry. In add...The meat processing industry, due to its high energy consumption, needs to be assessed in an energy usage basis. This paper reports the results and implications of an energy audit in a meat processing industry. In addition, this work provides a comprehensive and practical approach to energy saving measures in the assessed company to recognize factors that can determine a possible transition to sustainable patterns of electricity consumption. The paper described the application to energy auditing, developed by AFNOR (2014) for efficient energy management along with ISO 50001 (energy management systems). For a more specific energy auditing the guide described by Dall “O” (2013) was used. In this case, a study of an integrative characterization of the company’s energy consumption is made. The research has been divided in two main sections: the first includes an analysis about the characterization of the energy consumption within a meat processing company in the three sustainable approaches such as economical, societal and mainly environmental implications;second, a proposal for strategic energy management measures focusing on high consumer types of facilities. The results obtained allow the identification of main processes with significant correlations in terms of energy consumption within the company. This data has the potential for energy savings. The data acquisition process prompts the development of practical and accessible energy efficiency measures. In addition, a benchmarking analysis with several tools is performed. Altogether, this work gives guidance on the implementation of energy auditing in industries within its geographical and industrial sector limitations.展开更多
Energy consumption of industrial buildings has remained continuously high,and the environmental quality requirements are also constantly improving.Only by improving industrial environmental control technology based on...Energy consumption of industrial buildings has remained continuously high,and the environmental quality requirements are also constantly improving.Only by improving industrial environmental control technology based on the transport mechanism of the pollution,can the energy consumption of industrial building environmental control be further reduced,and the environmental quality of industrial buildings can be improved as well.Therefore,after verifying the numerical simulation by experiments,this study uses a self-label method to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of gaseous pollutants from multiple time-series sources in industrial plants with different length-span ratios.The results show that,the polluted flow in plants with different aspect ratios have different flow patterns:(i)the,,Back-mixingw flow pattern occurs when the ratio of ventilation rate 6 and polluted flow rate at the exhaust height b is less than 1,i.e.,G/L_(p)<1,and(ii)the"One-way"flow pattern occurs when G/L_(p)>1.For plants with the"Back-mixing"pattern,the following source pollutants enter a density stratified environment induced by the retained pre-source pollutants.The flow of following source pollutants released at the same intensity as the precursor source can reach the roof,while those with low velocity and density difference may be blocked during the ascending process.The maximum height zm of the flow of the following source is related to both the initial Froude number Fr_(o)of the following source and the unsteady vertical density gradient of the fluid in the indoor environment dpa/dz.For plants with the,,One-way,/pattern,the flow from the following source enters into an environment with approximately uniform density.Under the condition of positive buoyancy,design parameters of ventilation corresponding to the vicinity of G/L_(p)=1 may be the optimal solution for safety and energy conservation.展开更多
Ⅰ. The way to the continuous development of China auto industry China auto industry began its step on the basis of equipment & technologies importation from the former USSR. From 1980s, for the sake of developing...Ⅰ. The way to the continuous development of China auto industry China auto industry began its step on the basis of equipment & technologies importation from the former USSR. From 1980s, for the sake of developing China car industry and展开更多
In industrial buildings,the presence of overhead cranes severely affects roof exhaust ventilation systems when capturing and discharging fumes,resulting in severe deterioration of the indoor plant environment.In this ...In industrial buildings,the presence of overhead cranes severely affects roof exhaust ventilation systems when capturing and discharging fumes,resulting in severe deterioration of the indoor plant environment.In this study,an overhead crane-based ventilation auxiliary device,called overhead crane fume-collecting hood(CFCH),is proposed to guide pollutants blocked by the overhead crane back to the roof exhaust hood.The airflow characteristics and pollutant distribution under the three modes of no overhead crane,overhead crane,and overhead crane+CFCH were compared using numerical simulations.Subsequently,the effects of the CFCH length(a),width(b),and height(h)on the pollutant capture performance were determined through orthogonal experiments and computational fluid dynamics.Finally,the pollutant capture efficiency(PCE)of the optimal CFCH was investigated considering different exhaust airflow rates.The results showed that the pollutants captured by the CFCH can be classified into directly and secondary captured pollutants,with the directly captured pollutants dominating.In addition,with the introduction of different sizes of CFCH around the overhead crane girders,the PCE significantly improved by 49.9%–74.6%.The length,width,and height of the CFCH on the PCE were statistically significant,and the priority of the three factors was as follows:h>b>a.The PCE decreased with increasing a,initially increased and then decreased with increasing b,and increased with h.Subsequently,when the optimal CFCH was used,the excessive exhaust air rate had no evident PCE improvement.This provides a new concept for the control of pollutants in industrial buildings and provides a theoretical basis for the design of CFCHs.展开更多
The acceleration of industrialization worsening indoor environments of industrial buildings has drawn more attention in recent years.Natural ventilation can improve indoor air quality(IAQ)and reduce carbon emissions.T...The acceleration of industrialization worsening indoor environments of industrial buildings has drawn more attention in recent years.Natural ventilation can improve indoor air quality(IAQ)and reduce carbon emissions.To evaluate gaseous pollutant levels in industrial buildings for the development of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation,two theoretical models of pollutant flushing(Model I and Model II)are developed based on the existing thermal stratification theory in combination with the mixing characteristics of lower pollutant.The results show that indoor pollutant flushing is mainly dependent on the pollution source intensity and effective ventilation area.The mixing characteristics of lower pollutant has an important effect on pollutant stratification and evolution during ventilation,but it does not change the prediction results at steady state.When the dimensionless pollution source intensity is larger than 1,the pollution source should be cleaned up or other ventilation methods should be used instead to improve IAQ.In addition,the comparisons between Model I and Model II on instantaneous pollutant concentration are significantly influenced by the pollution source intensity,and the actual pollutant concentration is more likely to be between the predicted values of Model I and Model II.To reduce pollutant concentration to a required level,the pollution source intensity should be in a certain range.The theoretical models as well as the necessary conditions for ventilation effectiveness obtained can be used for the ventilation optimization design of industrial buildings.展开更多
The 6 micron copper foil is widely recognized by the industry as high-standard ultra-thin copper foil.Shenyang Lianli is currently the only company in Northeast China that owns this technology.Meanwhile,the new materi...The 6 micron copper foil is widely recognized by the industry as high-standard ultra-thin copper foil.Shenyang Lianli is currently the only company in Northeast China that owns this technology.Meanwhile,the new material of 6N high-purity copper(copper content99.9999%)has also been展开更多
On the June 5,the 2018 Annual Conference of China Copper Processing Industry was convened in Huangshi,joined by representatives of 232 copper processing companies and more than 20 universities and research institutes ...On the June 5,the 2018 Annual Conference of China Copper Processing Industry was convened in Huangshi,joined by representatives of 232 copper processing companies and more than 20 universities and research institutes from across the country to discuss the high quality development plan of the copper industry.The conference。展开更多
基金On March 15,2021,supported by the 2019 soft science project of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department,research on the development path and countermeasures of Shaanxi urban and rural housing industrialization(Project No.:2019krm037).
文摘Based on the national strategy of"new urbanization",from the perspective of urban and rural integration,industrial interaction,economy and intensification,this paper proposes to vigorously promote the industrialization planning of urban and rural housing based on SI system,do a good job in the production of building structural parts from the perspective of building industrialization,extend to the internal filling parts,and do a good job in the internal filling system from the perspective of housing industrialization.At the moment of"Rural Revitalization"strategy,we should first develop the SI system multi-storey industrialized housing to meet the needs of rural areas.At the same time,we put forward the development path of China's urban and rural housing industrialization.
文摘China’s building materials industry experienced great development in 1993 with rapid increases in production and record output and profits. The industry produced 360 million tons of cement, 96.163 million cases of plate glass, 20.4 million pieces of sanitation ceramics and 173 million square metres of construction ceramics, showing rises of 12.89, 12.83, 123.8 and 127 percent respectively over the previous year. The output of cement and
文摘Since 1994, a vigourous development has emerged in China’s construction thanks to the remarkable progress of our economicreform and the continuous, stable and healthy growth of the national economy The national key construction projects have been speeded up with the improved completion of investment plans and capital funds, compared to 1993. The macro control of real estate has
文摘Tender price indices (TPI) remain an optimum process for predicting tender prices. There have been several indices’ developments in the Ghanaian Building Industry (GBI) to help in cost management practices, for instance, building cost indices, and material indices among others. Notwithstanding, there are no indices for forecasting tender price at the design stage of building projects in the Ghanaian Building Industry. The motivation of this study is to develop tender price indices that would facilitate easy prediction of the initial cost of building projects. Through a thorough literature review and secondary data collection, the index was formulated using Laspeyres with Excel spreadsheet for the actual index. The variables considered include preliminaries and measured work sections which include the substructure, concrete work, reinforcement, masonry, lining/sheathing, window/door/stairs, metalwork, surface finishes, sanitary appliances/fitting and electrical supply/power light system of the Bills of Quantities. The finding of the study shows that on average there is a change in price of about 4.42 per cent within the eight-year period from 2008 to 2016. The study has developed tender price indices for the Ghanaian Building industry for the facilitation of the easy prediction of the tender prices at the initial design stage, however, the indices have an error margin of ±3. The development of these indices will serve as the basis for further development of other indices in GBI such as locational indices and value-based indices for effective cost management practices.
文摘JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for building materials industry. This standard is applicable to the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for cement kiln, glass melting tank and other industrial furnaces.2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997: Test method for the apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5070: Chemical analysis method for magnesite-Chrome refractoriesGB 5072: Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989: Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320: Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 7321: Sample preparation for testing of dense shaped refractory productsGB 10324: Type definition of refractory productsGB 10325: Piling, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of refractory
文摘This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost.
基金the project ITMS“26220220050”—Architectural,Structural,technological and economical aspects of energy efficiency building designfinancially supported by the EU structural resources within operative program of research and development OPVaV-2008/2.2/01-SORO.
文摘Because of the high energy demand required to heat a production hall, the aim of this project is to find out whether it is possible to verify the heating consuming process for heating with the standard simplified calculation method [1], especially for cold regions such as Kosice (Slovakia). The energy requirement for heating a case study industrial building was evaluated using measurements and calculations.During the winter period, energy consumption was measured in the selected industrial building according to a validation standard [2]. The building is comprised of two halls. The measurements were analyzed according to the criteria used for validating residential and public buildings, with several regression dependencies taken into account in the resulting evaluation of heating energy consumption. The mathematical dependencies of measured values in real conditions are shown in this paper. In addition, the building’s heating energy demand was calculated according to the Austrian standard [3], ?NORM EN ISO 13790, the simplified calculation method for non-residential buildings. It was investigated whether the measured values could be replicated using this calculation. It was found that the precise definition of the internal heat gains is very important.
文摘With the progress of urbanization in China,the pace of urban renewal is accelerating.Various factors have prompted the transformation of industrial buildings in the city.Following the transformation,old industrial buildings have shown a new look with diversification and modernization.This article briefly describes contemporary China.The background of industrial building renovation and the analysis of the redevelopment and utilization modes as well as renovation strategies in conjunction with case studies provide a summary and enlightenment for the renovation of industrial heritage buildings in the city.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0210700)。
文摘In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials industry to global air pollution,the need to develop multipollutant emission reduction technology is urgent.Recently,China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry,established many key research and development projects,and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits.This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China’s building materials industry,including denitration,dust removal,desulfurization,synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction,and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries.On this basis,revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China’s building material industry are proposed.
文摘The meat processing industry, due to its high energy consumption, needs to be assessed in an energy usage basis. This paper reports the results and implications of an energy audit in a meat processing industry. In addition, this work provides a comprehensive and practical approach to energy saving measures in the assessed company to recognize factors that can determine a possible transition to sustainable patterns of electricity consumption. The paper described the application to energy auditing, developed by AFNOR (2014) for efficient energy management along with ISO 50001 (energy management systems). For a more specific energy auditing the guide described by Dall “O” (2013) was used. In this case, a study of an integrative characterization of the company’s energy consumption is made. The research has been divided in two main sections: the first includes an analysis about the characterization of the energy consumption within a meat processing company in the three sustainable approaches such as economical, societal and mainly environmental implications;second, a proposal for strategic energy management measures focusing on high consumer types of facilities. The results obtained allow the identification of main processes with significant correlations in terms of energy consumption within the company. This data has the potential for energy savings. The data acquisition process prompts the development of practical and accessible energy efficiency measures. In addition, a benchmarking analysis with several tools is performed. Altogether, this work gives guidance on the implementation of energy auditing in industries within its geographical and industrial sector limitations.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC0705300).
文摘Energy consumption of industrial buildings has remained continuously high,and the environmental quality requirements are also constantly improving.Only by improving industrial environmental control technology based on the transport mechanism of the pollution,can the energy consumption of industrial building environmental control be further reduced,and the environmental quality of industrial buildings can be improved as well.Therefore,after verifying the numerical simulation by experiments,this study uses a self-label method to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of gaseous pollutants from multiple time-series sources in industrial plants with different length-span ratios.The results show that,the polluted flow in plants with different aspect ratios have different flow patterns:(i)the,,Back-mixingw flow pattern occurs when the ratio of ventilation rate 6 and polluted flow rate at the exhaust height b is less than 1,i.e.,G/L_(p)<1,and(ii)the"One-way"flow pattern occurs when G/L_(p)>1.For plants with the"Back-mixing"pattern,the following source pollutants enter a density stratified environment induced by the retained pre-source pollutants.The flow of following source pollutants released at the same intensity as the precursor source can reach the roof,while those with low velocity and density difference may be blocked during the ascending process.The maximum height zm of the flow of the following source is related to both the initial Froude number Fr_(o)of the following source and the unsteady vertical density gradient of the fluid in the indoor environment dpa/dz.For plants with the,,One-way,/pattern,the flow from the following source enters into an environment with approximately uniform density.Under the condition of positive buoyancy,design parameters of ventilation corresponding to the vicinity of G/L_(p)=1 may be the optimal solution for safety and energy conservation.
文摘Ⅰ. The way to the continuous development of China auto industry China auto industry began its step on the basis of equipment & technologies importation from the former USSR. From 1980s, for the sake of developing China car industry and
基金sponsored by the National Science Foundation of China(No.51908446,No.52278128).
文摘In industrial buildings,the presence of overhead cranes severely affects roof exhaust ventilation systems when capturing and discharging fumes,resulting in severe deterioration of the indoor plant environment.In this study,an overhead crane-based ventilation auxiliary device,called overhead crane fume-collecting hood(CFCH),is proposed to guide pollutants blocked by the overhead crane back to the roof exhaust hood.The airflow characteristics and pollutant distribution under the three modes of no overhead crane,overhead crane,and overhead crane+CFCH were compared using numerical simulations.Subsequently,the effects of the CFCH length(a),width(b),and height(h)on the pollutant capture performance were determined through orthogonal experiments and computational fluid dynamics.Finally,the pollutant capture efficiency(PCE)of the optimal CFCH was investigated considering different exhaust airflow rates.The results showed that the pollutants captured by the CFCH can be classified into directly and secondary captured pollutants,with the directly captured pollutants dominating.In addition,with the introduction of different sizes of CFCH around the overhead crane girders,the PCE significantly improved by 49.9%–74.6%.The length,width,and height of the CFCH on the PCE were statistically significant,and the priority of the three factors was as follows:h>b>a.The PCE decreased with increasing a,initially increased and then decreased with increasing b,and increased with h.Subsequently,when the optimal CFCH was used,the excessive exhaust air rate had no evident PCE improvement.This provides a new concept for the control of pollutants in industrial buildings and provides a theoretical basis for the design of CFCHs.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFC0705305)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University of Donghua University(No.2232017A-09).
文摘The acceleration of industrialization worsening indoor environments of industrial buildings has drawn more attention in recent years.Natural ventilation can improve indoor air quality(IAQ)and reduce carbon emissions.To evaluate gaseous pollutant levels in industrial buildings for the development of buoyancy-driven natural ventilation,two theoretical models of pollutant flushing(Model I and Model II)are developed based on the existing thermal stratification theory in combination with the mixing characteristics of lower pollutant.The results show that indoor pollutant flushing is mainly dependent on the pollution source intensity and effective ventilation area.The mixing characteristics of lower pollutant has an important effect on pollutant stratification and evolution during ventilation,but it does not change the prediction results at steady state.When the dimensionless pollution source intensity is larger than 1,the pollution source should be cleaned up or other ventilation methods should be used instead to improve IAQ.In addition,the comparisons between Model I and Model II on instantaneous pollutant concentration are significantly influenced by the pollution source intensity,and the actual pollutant concentration is more likely to be between the predicted values of Model I and Model II.To reduce pollutant concentration to a required level,the pollution source intensity should be in a certain range.The theoretical models as well as the necessary conditions for ventilation effectiveness obtained can be used for the ventilation optimization design of industrial buildings.
文摘The 6 micron copper foil is widely recognized by the industry as high-standard ultra-thin copper foil.Shenyang Lianli is currently the only company in Northeast China that owns this technology.Meanwhile,the new material of 6N high-purity copper(copper content99.9999%)has also been
文摘On the June 5,the 2018 Annual Conference of China Copper Processing Industry was convened in Huangshi,joined by representatives of 232 copper processing companies and more than 20 universities and research institutes from across the country to discuss the high quality development plan of the copper industry.The conference。
