This paper introduces the two Upsilon constants to the reader. Their usefulness is described with respect to acting as coupling constants between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. In addition, this paper su...This paper introduces the two Upsilon constants to the reader. Their usefulness is described with respect to acting as coupling constants between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. In addition, this paper summarizes the current state of quantum cosmology with respect to the Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) model. Although the FSC quantum cosmology formulae were published in 2018, they are only rearrangements and substitutions of the other assumptions into the original FSC Hubble temperature formula. In a real sense, this temperature formula was the first quantum cosmology formula developed since Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. A recent development in the last month proves that the FSC Hubble temperature formula can be derived from the Stephan-Boltzmann law. Thus, this Hubble temperature formula effectively unites some quantum developments with the general relativity model inherent in FSC. More progress towards unification in the near-future is expected.展开更多
Every four years the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) supplies a self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics recommended for international use. In 2013, ...Every four years the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) supplies a self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics recommended for international use. In 2013, the World-Universe Model (WUM) proposed a principally different depiction of the World as an alternative to the picture of the Big Bang Model. This article: 1) Gives the short history of Classical Physics before Special Relativity;2) Calculates Fundamental Physical Constants based on experimentally measured Rydberg constant, Electrodynamic constant, Electron Charge-to-Mass Ratio, and Planck constant;3) Discusses Electrodynamic constant and Speed of Light;4) Considers Dimensionless Fundamental Parameters (Dirac Large Number Q and Dimensionless Rydberg Constant α);5) Calculates Newtonian Constant of Gravitation based on the Inter-connectivity of Primary Physical Parameters;6) Makes a detailed analysis of the Self-consistency of Fundamental Physical Constants and Primary Physical Parameters through the prism of WUM. The performed analysis suggests: 1) Discontinuing using the notion “Vacuum” and its characteristics (Speed of Light in Vacuum, Characteristic Impedance of Vacuum, Vacuum Magnetic Permeability, Vacuum Electric Permittivity);2) Accepting the exact numerical values of Electrodynamic constant, Planck constant, Elementary charge, and Dimensionless Rydberg Constant α. WUM recommends the predicted value of Newtonian Constant of Gravitation in 2018 to be considered in CODATA Recommend Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants 2022.展开更多
We present a precise measurement of171Yb magnetic constants for 1S_(0)-3P_(0) clock transition. The background magnetic field is firstly compensated to < 1 m Gs(1 Gs = 10^(-4)T) through measuring the splitting of t...We present a precise measurement of171Yb magnetic constants for 1S_(0)-3P_(0) clock transition. The background magnetic field is firstly compensated to < 1 m Gs(1 Gs = 10^(-4)T) through measuring the splitting of two π transitins of171Yb clock transition at different compensation coils currents. Then, the splitting ratios of the π and σ components of171Yb clock transition at different bias magnetic fields are measured, and the first-order Zeeman coefficient is determined to beα = 199.49(5) Hz/Gs. The second-order Zeeman shifts at various bias magnetic fields are also measured through interleaved self-comparison in which the bias magnetic fields are modulated between high and low values. The second-order Zeeman coefficient is fitted to be β =-6.09(3) Hz/m T^(2), which is consistent with the result of NIST group.展开更多
In this paper in an elegant way will be presented the unity formulas for the coupling constants and the dimensionless physical constants. We reached the conclusion of the simple unification of the fundamental interact...In this paper in an elegant way will be presented the unity formulas for the coupling constants and the dimensionless physical constants. We reached the conclusion of the simple unification of the fundamental interactions. We will find the formulas for the Gravitational constant. It will be presented that the gravitational fine-structure constant is a simple analogy between atomic physics and cosmology. We will find the expression that connects the gravitational fine-structure constant with the four coupling constants. Perhaps the gravitational fine-structure constant is the coupling constant for the fifth force. Also will be presented the simple unification of atomic physics and cosmology. We will find the formulas for the cosmological constant and we will propose a possible solution for the cosmological parameters. Perhaps the shape of the universe is Poincare dodecahedral space. This article will be followed by the energy wave theory and the fractal space-time theory.展开更多
It is shown that the fine structure constant at Planck times tends to one as well as those of the weak and strong interactions. This results by constraining them at the Planck force. That seems to provide interesting ...It is shown that the fine structure constant at Planck times tends to one as well as those of the weak and strong interactions. This results by constraining them at the Planck force. That seems to provide interesting new results which confirm that at the beginning of space time (Planck scale) all fundamental forces converge to the same unit value.展开更多
Health facilities are generally short-staffed and overworked. This has a significant impact on the reliability of the acquisition of health constants required at the start of diagnosis. Manual acquisition and transmis...Health facilities are generally short-staffed and overworked. This has a significant impact on the reliability of the acquisition of health constants required at the start of diagnosis. Manual acquisition and transmission of these constants and other data leads to delays in the execution of successive care-related tasks. What’s more, the quality of service is sometimes compromised by a lack of communication between patients and staff. In pediatrics, this is compounded by the difficulty of diagnosis in the face of children’s silence, intimidated by the hospital environment. Technological assistance would relieve healthcare staff of the need to perform certain repetitive tasks. The solution proposed in this document studies a robot, based on electrical, electronic, computer and artificial intelligence resources, with human-machine interaction for taking vitals and health data in health facilities. This system enables height, mass and temperature to be taken autonomously and without contact. The algorithm we’ve developed uses artificial intelligence to check the conditions for correct measurements, both bareheaded and barefoot. This solution also alerts you to epidemic trends such as obesity. This health data is made available in the healthcare facility on terminals such as tablets, smartphones and computers used by nursing staff. This work will help healthcare staff to take automatic health vitals without contact, and to acquire and circulate data via a computer network.展开更多
Struvite(MAP)crystallization technology is widely used to treat ammonia nitrogen in waste effluents of its simple operation and good removal efficiency.However,the presence of heavy metal ions in the waste effluents c...Struvite(MAP)crystallization technology is widely used to treat ammonia nitrogen in waste effluents of its simple operation and good removal efficiency.However,the presence of heavy metal ions in the waste effluents causes problems such as slow crystallization rate and small crystal size,limiting the recovery rate and economic value of the MAP.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrations of three heavy metal ions(Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+))on the crystal morphology,crystal size,average growth rate,and crystallization kinetics of MAP.A relationship was established between the kinetic rate constant Ktcalculated by the chemical gradient model and the concentrations of heavy metal ions.The results showed that low concentrations of heavy metal ions in the solution created pits on the MAP surface,and high level of heavy metal ions generated flocs on the MAP surface,which were composed of metal hydroxides,thus inhibiting crystal growth.The crystal size,average growth rate,MAP crystallization rate,and kinetic rate constant Ktdecreased with the increase in heavy metal ion concentration.Moreover,the Ktdemonstrated a linear relationship with the heavy metal concentration ln(C/C~*),which provided a reference for the optimization of the MAP crystallization process in the presence of heavy metal ions.展开更多
We previously revealed that the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the vacuum permittivity ε, and the vacuum permeability μ can be defined by the temperature T (or the expected average frequen...We previously revealed that the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the vacuum permittivity ε, and the vacuum permeability μ can be defined by the temperature T (or the expected average frequency f) of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Given that CMB is continuously cooling, that is, T is continuously decreasing, we proposed that the above “constants” are variable and their values at some space-time with CMB temperature T (c<sub>T</sub>, G<sub>T</sub>, ε<sub>T</sub>, and μ<sub>T</sub>) can be described using their values (c<sub>0</sub>, G<sub>0</sub>, ε<sub>0</sub>, and μ<sub>0</sub>) and the temperature (T<sub>0</sub>) of CMB at present space-time. Based on the above observation, a number of physical equations related with these constants are re-described in this study, including relativity equation, mass-energy equation, and Maxwell’s equations, etc.展开更多
This paper proposes a new method for determining the intrinsic acidity constants K and K The new method is a great improvement over the modified Langmuir plot method generally adopted in that determination of these co...This paper proposes a new method for determining the intrinsic acidity constants K and K The new method is a great improvement over the modified Langmuir plot method generally adopted in that determination of these constants is not dependent on the specific surface area S of the marine solid particles. The new method was used to determine K, K and S for the main inorganic components of marine solid particles, including illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, goethite, y-AlOOH. amorphous ferric oxide, MnO2, manganite, SiO 2 and calcium carbonate, and can facilitate the study on the effect of solution constituents, solution temperature, ionic strength, etc. on the value展开更多
The molecular recognition of the α,β-CD and 6<sup>A</sup>,6<sup>C（D）</sup>-o,o′-（4,4′-diphenyloxide-disulfonyl）-β-CD to naphthalene derivatives was studied by fluorescence and circular...The molecular recognition of the α,β-CD and 6<sup>A</sup>,6<sup>C（D）</sup>-o,o′-（4,4′-diphenyloxide-disulfonyl）-β-CD to naphthalene derivatives was studied by fluorescence and circulardichroism spectra.The formation constants of the inclusion complexes were estimatedbased on the variation of fluorescent intensity and the modified Benesi-Hildebrand equa-tions.展开更多
Basing on the DFT calculations we propose the new theoretical model which describes both the surface tension σ of the short chain n-alkanes at their normal boiling points and their reaction rate constants with hydrox...Basing on the DFT calculations we propose the new theoretical model which describes both the surface tension σ of the short chain n-alkanes at their normal boiling points and their reaction rate constants with hydroxyl radicals OH<span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span> (at 297 ± 2 K) on the basis of their molecular orbital electronic characteristics. It has been shown that intermolecular dispersion attraction within the surface liquid monolayer of these compounds, as well as their reaction rate constants k with OH<span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span> radicals are determined by the energies <em>E<sub>orb</sub></em> of the specific occupied molecular orbitals which are the same in the determination of both the above physico-chemical characteristics of the studied n-alkanes. The received regression equations confirm the theoretically found dependences between the quantities of σ and k and the module |<em>E<sub>orb</sub></em>|. For the compounds under study this fact indicates the key role of their electronic structure particularities in determination of both the physical (surface tension) and the chemical (reaction rate constants) properties.展开更多
The present study aims to investigate the equation of state(EOS)parameters of CaMg3 in aReCh(D09),AIFR(DO3),CU3A11(LI2)and CuTi3(L60)structures,using full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals(FP-LMTO)approach based on...The present study aims to investigate the equation of state(EOS)parameters of CaMg3 in aReCh(D09),AIFR(DO3),CU3A11(LI2)and CuTi3(L60)structures,using full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals(FP-LMTO)approach based on the density functional theory(DFT).The local density approximation(LDA)and the generalized gradient approximation(GGA)were both applied for the exchange-correlation potential term.The calculated equation of slate parameters at equilibrium,in general,agreed well with the available data of the literature.The calculations showed that under compression CaMg3 transforms from DO3 to DO9 at about 29.96GPa,and 25.1 GPa using LDA and GGA,respectively.The elastic constants C,y,aggregate moduli,Vickers hardness,sound velocity,and Debye temperature of CaMg3 in D03 structure were also reported,discussed and analyzed.Using LDA(GGA),the calculated values of Hv andθD were found at around 5.80GPa(5.93GPa)and 393.44 K(389.91 K),respectively.Electronic band structure,total density of states(TDOS)as well as the partial density of states(PDOS)have been also obtained.The electronic band structure confirms the metallic behavior of CaMg3 in DO3 phase,the valence bands are dominated by the maximum contribution of‘d’like states of Ca in the energy ranging from 2 to 3 eV for GGA,and from 4.5 to 5 eV for LDA,respectively.展开更多
Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kron...Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations,the complex refractive indices of the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles are retrieved.The effects of the measurement errors on the inverse results are also investigated.With the optical constants inversed from the experiment,the discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to calculate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particle cloud.Considering the multi-scattering and self-emission of the particles,the equivalent transmittance ratio (ETR) is suggested to evaluate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particles.Particular attention is given to analyze the effects of the volume fraction and diameters on infrared transmission characteristics.When the volume fraction is larger than 0.001,the particle diameter has little effect on the infrared transmission characteristics.For the uniform monodisperse particles in the detection waveband range of 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm,there exists a critical diameter where the ETR reaches the minimum value.In addition,the ETR of 3-5 μm is smaller than that of 8-12 μm with the same volume fraction and particle diameter.展开更多
An idea on interfacial equilibrium-potential differences () which are generated for the extraction of univalent metal picrate (MPic) and divalent ones (MPic2) by crown ethers (L) into high-polar diluents was improved....An idea on interfacial equilibrium-potential differences () which are generated for the extraction of univalent metal picrate (MPic) and divalent ones (MPic2) by crown ethers (L) into high-polar diluents was improved. These potentials were clarified with some experimental extraction-data reported before on the M = Ag(I), Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) extraction with 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) and benzo-18C6 into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and nitrobenzene (NB). Consequently, it was demonstrated that the? values from the extraction-experimentally obtained logKD,Pic ones are in agreement with or close to those calculated from charge balance equations in many cases, where the symbol, KD,Pic, denotes an individual distribution constant of Pic﹣ into the DCE or NB phase. Also, it was experimentally shown that extraction constants based on the overall extraction equilibria do not virtually contain the? terms in their functional expressions.展开更多
Sevelamer Carbonate is a crossolinked polymeric amine, it is the active ingredient in Renvela Tablets. Sevelamer Carbonate is indicated for the control of hyperphosphatamiea in patients with end-stage renal disease. T...Sevelamer Carbonate is a crossolinked polymeric amine, it is the active ingredient in Renvela Tablets. Sevelamer Carbonate is indicated for the control of hyperphosphatamiea in patients with end-stage renal disease. The binding parameter constants of Sevelamer Carbonate were determined using the Langmuir approximation for the dosage form at pH 4.0 and 7.0 by Ion Chromatography. An Ion Chromatogrpahy method has been developed to estimate free phosphate in in-vitro phosphate binding study of Sevelamer Carbonate Tablets. The method is selective and capable of detecting phosphate in the presence of placebo matrix. The method has been validated with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 mM for Phosphate. A linear response function was established in the range of concentrations 0.2 - 30.0 mM (r > 0.99) for Phosphate. The intra and inter day precision values for Phosphate met the acceptance as per Food and Drug Administrations guidelines. Phosphate was stable in the set of stability studies viz. bench-top and autosampler. The developed method was applied to in-vitro phosphate binding studies of Sevelamer Carbonate Tablets.展开更多
The stepwise stability constants of coordination compounds from sulfonatedsheoak tannin with metal ions have been determined by pH potential method with catechol asmodel compounds at 20℃and constant ionic strength.
The energy term corresponding to the first order of the strain in Taylor series expansion of the energy with respect to strain is always ignored when high-pressure elastic constants are calculated. Whether the modus o...The energy term corresponding to the first order of the strain in Taylor series expansion of the energy with respect to strain is always ignored when high-pressure elastic constants are calculated. Whether the modus operandi would affect the results of the high-pressure elastic constants is still unsolved. To clarify this query, we calculate the high-pressure elastic constants of tantalum and rhenium when the energy term mentioned above is considered and neglected, respectively.Results show that the neglect of the energy term corresponding to the first order of the strain indeed would influence the veracity of the high-pressure elastic constants, and this influence becomes larger with pressure increasing. Therefore, the energy term corresponding to the first-order of the strain should be considered when the high-pressure elastic constants are calculated.展开更多
A potentiometric study on the complexes of His,Gly-His,ALa-His,Gly-Gly andGly—Gly—Gly with Zn（Ⅱ）and Cd（Ⅱ）has been reported.Small-scale potentiometric titrations were car-ried out to determine stabil ity consta...A potentiometric study on the complexes of His,Gly-His,ALa-His,Gly-Gly andGly—Gly—Gly with Zn（Ⅱ）and Cd（Ⅱ）has been reported.Small-scale potentiometric titrations were car-ried out to determine stabil ity constants of complexes at 25℃ with I=0.10 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>（KNO<sub>3</sub>）.The com-puter programs SUPERQUAD were applied for data treatment with satisfactory results.展开更多
The transition state(TS) and Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate (IRC) for the titled reaction were traced by means of MCSCF/6-31G (210 configurations). The reaction activation energy of this reaction is 140.2KJ/mol. The re...The transition state(TS) and Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate (IRC) for the titled reaction were traced by means of MCSCF/6-31G (210 configurations). The reaction activation energy of this reaction is 140.2KJ/mol. The reaction rate constants of five temperetures were calculated by CVT involving the tunneling effects.展开更多
The stability of the complexes of four pyridine-like ligandswith Cu（ATP）<sup>2-</sup> was studied and by comparing the stability constants of theternary complexes[Cu（ATP）L]<sup>2-</sup> wit...The stability of the complexes of four pyridine-like ligandswith Cu（ATP）<sup>2-</sup> was studied and by comparing the stability constants of theternary complexes[Cu（ATP）L]<sup>2-</sup> with those of the binary complexes[CuL]<sup>2+</sup>,astacking interaction between the pyridine ring and the purine ring of ATP isindicated.It is possible to interpret the antitumor mechanism of[Pt（NH<sub>3</sub>）<sub>8</sub>（N-het）Cl]Cl in terms of this stacking interaction.展开更多
文摘This paper introduces the two Upsilon constants to the reader. Their usefulness is described with respect to acting as coupling constants between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. In addition, this paper summarizes the current state of quantum cosmology with respect to the Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) model. Although the FSC quantum cosmology formulae were published in 2018, they are only rearrangements and substitutions of the other assumptions into the original FSC Hubble temperature formula. In a real sense, this temperature formula was the first quantum cosmology formula developed since Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. A recent development in the last month proves that the FSC Hubble temperature formula can be derived from the Stephan-Boltzmann law. Thus, this Hubble temperature formula effectively unites some quantum developments with the general relativity model inherent in FSC. More progress towards unification in the near-future is expected.
文摘Every four years the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) supplies a self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics recommended for international use. In 2013, the World-Universe Model (WUM) proposed a principally different depiction of the World as an alternative to the picture of the Big Bang Model. This article: 1) Gives the short history of Classical Physics before Special Relativity;2) Calculates Fundamental Physical Constants based on experimentally measured Rydberg constant, Electrodynamic constant, Electron Charge-to-Mass Ratio, and Planck constant;3) Discusses Electrodynamic constant and Speed of Light;4) Considers Dimensionless Fundamental Parameters (Dirac Large Number Q and Dimensionless Rydberg Constant α);5) Calculates Newtonian Constant of Gravitation based on the Inter-connectivity of Primary Physical Parameters;6) Makes a detailed analysis of the Self-consistency of Fundamental Physical Constants and Primary Physical Parameters through the prism of WUM. The performed analysis suggests: 1) Discontinuing using the notion “Vacuum” and its characteristics (Speed of Light in Vacuum, Characteristic Impedance of Vacuum, Vacuum Magnetic Permeability, Vacuum Electric Permittivity);2) Accepting the exact numerical values of Electrodynamic constant, Planck constant, Elementary charge, and Dimensionless Rydberg Constant α. WUM recommends the predicted value of Newtonian Constant of Gravitation in 2018 to be considered in CODATA Recommend Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants 2022.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U20A2075 and 11803072)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB21030100)。
文摘We present a precise measurement of171Yb magnetic constants for 1S_(0)-3P_(0) clock transition. The background magnetic field is firstly compensated to < 1 m Gs(1 Gs = 10^(-4)T) through measuring the splitting of two π transitins of171Yb clock transition at different compensation coils currents. Then, the splitting ratios of the π and σ components of171Yb clock transition at different bias magnetic fields are measured, and the first-order Zeeman coefficient is determined to beα = 199.49(5) Hz/Gs. The second-order Zeeman shifts at various bias magnetic fields are also measured through interleaved self-comparison in which the bias magnetic fields are modulated between high and low values. The second-order Zeeman coefficient is fitted to be β =-6.09(3) Hz/m T^(2), which is consistent with the result of NIST group.
文摘In this paper in an elegant way will be presented the unity formulas for the coupling constants and the dimensionless physical constants. We reached the conclusion of the simple unification of the fundamental interactions. We will find the formulas for the Gravitational constant. It will be presented that the gravitational fine-structure constant is a simple analogy between atomic physics and cosmology. We will find the expression that connects the gravitational fine-structure constant with the four coupling constants. Perhaps the gravitational fine-structure constant is the coupling constant for the fifth force. Also will be presented the simple unification of atomic physics and cosmology. We will find the formulas for the cosmological constant and we will propose a possible solution for the cosmological parameters. Perhaps the shape of the universe is Poincare dodecahedral space. This article will be followed by the energy wave theory and the fractal space-time theory.
文摘It is shown that the fine structure constant at Planck times tends to one as well as those of the weak and strong interactions. This results by constraining them at the Planck force. That seems to provide interesting new results which confirm that at the beginning of space time (Planck scale) all fundamental forces converge to the same unit value.
文摘Health facilities are generally short-staffed and overworked. This has a significant impact on the reliability of the acquisition of health constants required at the start of diagnosis. Manual acquisition and transmission of these constants and other data leads to delays in the execution of successive care-related tasks. What’s more, the quality of service is sometimes compromised by a lack of communication between patients and staff. In pediatrics, this is compounded by the difficulty of diagnosis in the face of children’s silence, intimidated by the hospital environment. Technological assistance would relieve healthcare staff of the need to perform certain repetitive tasks. The solution proposed in this document studies a robot, based on electrical, electronic, computer and artificial intelligence resources, with human-machine interaction for taking vitals and health data in health facilities. This system enables height, mass and temperature to be taken autonomously and without contact. The algorithm we’ve developed uses artificial intelligence to check the conditions for correct measurements, both bareheaded and barefoot. This solution also alerts you to epidemic trends such as obesity. This health data is made available in the healthcare facility on terminals such as tablets, smartphones and computers used by nursing staff. This work will help healthcare staff to take automatic health vitals without contact, and to acquire and circulate data via a computer network.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21838004)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PPZY2015A044)Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution (TAPP)。
文摘Struvite(MAP)crystallization technology is widely used to treat ammonia nitrogen in waste effluents of its simple operation and good removal efficiency.However,the presence of heavy metal ions in the waste effluents causes problems such as slow crystallization rate and small crystal size,limiting the recovery rate and economic value of the MAP.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrations of three heavy metal ions(Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+))on the crystal morphology,crystal size,average growth rate,and crystallization kinetics of MAP.A relationship was established between the kinetic rate constant Ktcalculated by the chemical gradient model and the concentrations of heavy metal ions.The results showed that low concentrations of heavy metal ions in the solution created pits on the MAP surface,and high level of heavy metal ions generated flocs on the MAP surface,which were composed of metal hydroxides,thus inhibiting crystal growth.The crystal size,average growth rate,MAP crystallization rate,and kinetic rate constant Ktdecreased with the increase in heavy metal ion concentration.Moreover,the Ktdemonstrated a linear relationship with the heavy metal concentration ln(C/C~*),which provided a reference for the optimization of the MAP crystallization process in the presence of heavy metal ions.
文摘We previously revealed that the speed of light in vacuum c, the gravitational constant G, the vacuum permittivity ε, and the vacuum permeability μ can be defined by the temperature T (or the expected average frequency f) of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Given that CMB is continuously cooling, that is, T is continuously decreasing, we proposed that the above “constants” are variable and their values at some space-time with CMB temperature T (c<sub>T</sub>, G<sub>T</sub>, ε<sub>T</sub>, and μ<sub>T</sub>) can be described using their values (c<sub>0</sub>, G<sub>0</sub>, ε<sub>0</sub>, and μ<sub>0</sub>) and the temperature (T<sub>0</sub>) of CMB at present space-time. Based on the above observation, a number of physical equations related with these constants are re-described in this study, including relativity equation, mass-energy equation, and Maxwell’s equations, etc.
文摘This paper proposes a new method for determining the intrinsic acidity constants K and K The new method is a great improvement over the modified Langmuir plot method generally adopted in that determination of these constants is not dependent on the specific surface area S of the marine solid particles. The new method was used to determine K, K and S for the main inorganic components of marine solid particles, including illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, goethite, y-AlOOH. amorphous ferric oxide, MnO2, manganite, SiO 2 and calcium carbonate, and can facilitate the study on the effect of solution constituents, solution temperature, ionic strength, etc. on the value
基金This work were financially supported by the National Natural Science of China and Science Foundation for Youth of Gansu Province
文摘The molecular recognition of the α,β-CD and 6<sup>A</sup>,6<sup>C（D）</sup>-o,o′-（4,4′-diphenyloxide-disulfonyl）-β-CD to naphthalene derivatives was studied by fluorescence and circulardichroism spectra.The formation constants of the inclusion complexes were estimatedbased on the variation of fluorescent intensity and the modified Benesi-Hildebrand equa-tions.
文摘Basing on the DFT calculations we propose the new theoretical model which describes both the surface tension σ of the short chain n-alkanes at their normal boiling points and their reaction rate constants with hydroxyl radicals OH<span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span> (at 297 ± 2 K) on the basis of their molecular orbital electronic characteristics. It has been shown that intermolecular dispersion attraction within the surface liquid monolayer of these compounds, as well as their reaction rate constants k with OH<span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span> radicals are determined by the energies <em>E<sub>orb</sub></em> of the specific occupied molecular orbitals which are the same in the determination of both the above physico-chemical characteristics of the studied n-alkanes. The received regression equations confirm the theoretically found dependences between the quantities of σ and k and the module |<em>E<sub>orb</sub></em>|. For the compounds under study this fact indicates the key role of their electronic structure particularities in determination of both the physical (surface tension) and the chemical (reaction rate constants) properties.
文摘The present study aims to investigate the equation of state(EOS)parameters of CaMg3 in aReCh(D09),AIFR(DO3),CU3A11(LI2)and CuTi3(L60)structures,using full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals(FP-LMTO)approach based on the density functional theory(DFT).The local density approximation(LDA)and the generalized gradient approximation(GGA)were both applied for the exchange-correlation potential term.The calculated equation of slate parameters at equilibrium,in general,agreed well with the available data of the literature.The calculations showed that under compression CaMg3 transforms from DO3 to DO9 at about 29.96GPa,and 25.1 GPa using LDA and GGA,respectively.The elastic constants C,y,aggregate moduli,Vickers hardness,sound velocity,and Debye temperature of CaMg3 in D03 structure were also reported,discussed and analyzed.Using LDA(GGA),the calculated values of Hv andθD were found at around 5.80GPa(5.93GPa)and 393.44 K(389.91 K),respectively.Electronic band structure,total density of states(TDOS)as well as the partial density of states(PDOS)have been also obtained.The electronic band structure confirms the metallic behavior of CaMg3 in DO3 phase,the valence bands are dominated by the maximum contribution of‘d’like states of Ca in the energy ranging from 2 to 3 eV for GGA,and from 4.5 to 5 eV for LDA,respectively.
基金Sponored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50806016,51076037)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GrantNo.20090460893)
文摘Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations,the complex refractive indices of the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles are retrieved.The effects of the measurement errors on the inverse results are also investigated.With the optical constants inversed from the experiment,the discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to calculate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particle cloud.Considering the multi-scattering and self-emission of the particles,the equivalent transmittance ratio (ETR) is suggested to evaluate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particles.Particular attention is given to analyze the effects of the volume fraction and diameters on infrared transmission characteristics.When the volume fraction is larger than 0.001,the particle diameter has little effect on the infrared transmission characteristics.For the uniform monodisperse particles in the detection waveband range of 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm,there exists a critical diameter where the ETR reaches the minimum value.In addition,the ETR of 3-5 μm is smaller than that of 8-12 μm with the same volume fraction and particle diameter.
文摘An idea on interfacial equilibrium-potential differences () which are generated for the extraction of univalent metal picrate (MPic) and divalent ones (MPic2) by crown ethers (L) into high-polar diluents was improved. These potentials were clarified with some experimental extraction-data reported before on the M = Ag(I), Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) extraction with 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) and benzo-18C6 into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and nitrobenzene (NB). Consequently, it was demonstrated that the? values from the extraction-experimentally obtained logKD,Pic ones are in agreement with or close to those calculated from charge balance equations in many cases, where the symbol, KD,Pic, denotes an individual distribution constant of Pic﹣ into the DCE or NB phase. Also, it was experimentally shown that extraction constants based on the overall extraction equilibria do not virtually contain the? terms in their functional expressions.
文摘Sevelamer Carbonate is a crossolinked polymeric amine, it is the active ingredient in Renvela Tablets. Sevelamer Carbonate is indicated for the control of hyperphosphatamiea in patients with end-stage renal disease. The binding parameter constants of Sevelamer Carbonate were determined using the Langmuir approximation for the dosage form at pH 4.0 and 7.0 by Ion Chromatography. An Ion Chromatogrpahy method has been developed to estimate free phosphate in in-vitro phosphate binding study of Sevelamer Carbonate Tablets. The method is selective and capable of detecting phosphate in the presence of placebo matrix. The method has been validated with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 mM for Phosphate. A linear response function was established in the range of concentrations 0.2 - 30.0 mM (r > 0.99) for Phosphate. The intra and inter day precision values for Phosphate met the acceptance as per Food and Drug Administrations guidelines. Phosphate was stable in the set of stability studies viz. bench-top and autosampler. The developed method was applied to in-vitro phosphate binding studies of Sevelamer Carbonate Tablets.
文摘The stepwise stability constants of coordination compounds from sulfonatedsheoak tannin with metal ions have been determined by pH potential method with catechol asmodel compounds at 20℃and constant ionic strength.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274235)the Young Scientist Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11104190)the Doctoral Education Fund of Education Ministry of China(Grant Nos.20100181110086 and 20110181120112)
文摘The energy term corresponding to the first order of the strain in Taylor series expansion of the energy with respect to strain is always ignored when high-pressure elastic constants are calculated. Whether the modus operandi would affect the results of the high-pressure elastic constants is still unsolved. To clarify this query, we calculate the high-pressure elastic constants of tantalum and rhenium when the energy term mentioned above is considered and neglected, respectively.Results show that the neglect of the energy term corresponding to the first order of the strain indeed would influence the veracity of the high-pressure elastic constants, and this influence becomes larger with pressure increasing. Therefore, the energy term corresponding to the first-order of the strain should be considered when the high-pressure elastic constants are calculated.
文摘A potentiometric study on the complexes of His,Gly-His,ALa-His,Gly-Gly andGly—Gly—Gly with Zn（Ⅱ）and Cd（Ⅱ）has been reported.Small-scale potentiometric titrations were car-ried out to determine stabil ity constants of complexes at 25℃ with I=0.10 mol dm<sup>-3</sup>（KNO<sub>3</sub>）.The com-puter programs SUPERQUAD were applied for data treatment with satisfactory results.
文摘The transition state(TS) and Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate (IRC) for the titled reaction were traced by means of MCSCF/6-31G (210 configurations). The reaction activation energy of this reaction is 140.2KJ/mol. The reaction rate constants of five temperetures were calculated by CVT involving the tunneling effects.
文摘The stability of the complexes of four pyridine-like ligandswith Cu（ATP）<sup>2-</sup> was studied and by comparing the stability constants of theternary complexes[Cu（ATP）L]<sup>2-</sup> with those of the binary complexes[CuL]<sup>2+</sup>,astacking interaction between the pyridine ring and the purine ring of ATP isindicated.It is possible to interpret the antitumor mechanism of[Pt（NH<sub>3</sub>）<sub>8</sub>（N-het）Cl]Cl in terms of this stacking interaction.
