The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 culti...The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.展开更多
In this study, 27 pairs of EST-SSR primers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 100 wild tea plant germplasm re- sources and 22 cultivars, according to the results, a total of 88 ...In this study, 27 pairs of EST-SSR primers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 100 wild tea plant germplasm re- sources and 22 cultivars, according to the results, a total of 88 polymorphic bands were amplified with 27 pairs of primers; the variation of effective alleles accounted for 69.01% ; a total of 183 genotypes were detected, with a variation range of 4 -11 ; averagely 6.78 genotypes were amplified with each primer pair; Shannon index （I） of 27 primer pairs ranged from 0.32 to I. 35, with an average of 0.88 ; the observed heterozygosity （0.52） was basically consistent with the expected het- erozygosity （0.52） ; the average polymorphism heterozygosity was 0.48, which was very close to 0.50 ; the average Nei＇s index was 0.51, which was higher than 0. 50 ; the average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.52, which was higher than 0.50, indicating high genetic diversity among wild tea germplasm resources in Yuunan Province. According to the clustering results, based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds, 122 materials were clustered into 14 categories. Dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance revealed complex genetic relationships among wild tea germplasm resources in Yunnan Province. This study provided certain reference for subsequent preservation, development and research of wild tea germplasm resources in China.展开更多
Field experiment was conducted on mature tea bushes of Qi-Men variety at two different altitudes from sea level i.e. at National Tea Research Institute Shinkiari (1000 m) and on farmer’s field in Konsh valley at vill...Field experiment was conducted on mature tea bushes of Qi-Men variety at two different altitudes from sea level i.e. at National Tea Research Institute Shinkiari (1000 m) and on farmer’s field in Konsh valley at village Battal (1500 m). Different levels of nitrogen with constant dose of phosphorus and potassium were applied to observe the optimal dose of nutrients for highest yield under local edaphic conditions. The experiment was repeated for three consecutive years. The highest yield of fresh tea leaves were obtained by the application of 420 kg ha-1 N followed by the application of 360 kg ha-1 N at 1000 masl. The highest dose of nitrogen also reduced significantly the soil pH in the upper (0-15cm) layer depth during 1998 and 1999. During the year 2000, the reduction in soil pH was observed by the application of highest dose of nitrogen but was non-significant at 5% level. The lower soil depth (15-30 cm) showed the reduction in pH with the highest dose of nitrogen during the experimental year but was statistically non significant. At the higher altitude of 1500 masl the highest yield of fresh tea leaves was obtained by the application of 420 kg ha-1 during the experimental years but the increase was significant during the year 1999 and 2000. The yield of the fresh tea leaves was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen application at both the altitudes. The increasing amount of nitrogen decreased the soil pH at both the depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm. Unlike the lower altitude (1000 m) there was no any significant reduction in the soil pH during 1998 and 1999. A significant reduction in soil pH was found in the year 2000.展开更多
A sprinkler irrigation system was designed and applied for a tea field to achieve frost protection through latent heat release when water turning into ice.Frost protection effects during night were tested at different...A sprinkler irrigation system was designed and applied for a tea field to achieve frost protection through latent heat release when water turning into ice.Frost protection effects during night were tested at different irrigation application rates by monitoring air temperature around tea canopy(Tc).Temperature sensors were arranged at different distances from the sprinkler.The preliminary results showed that,when the sprinkler system worked continuously at the application rate of 2-4 mm/h before sunrise,tea canopy was covered with ice and Tc remained around 0℃,preventing tea plants from frost damage.But no more temperature rise was obviously observed at the application rates above 4 mm/h,which means less cost effectiveness.The system was stopped after sunrise when background air temperature rose back to 0℃and Tc increased by 2.2℃in one hour,while Tc of non-irrigated area increased by 4.8℃,which might cause thawing injuries to tea plants.The leaf surface temperature was lower than Tc,and the difference between the leaf surface temperature and Tc decreased with the increase of application rate.Therefore,the sprinkler irrigation system could achieve tea frost protection,and the recommended application rate was 2-4 mm/h for better protection effect.The system should keep running throughout frost night till half an hour after sunrise.The start and stop of the sprinkler irrigation system should be controlled based on Tc.展开更多
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31961133030,31870678,32022076)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province(Grant No.1908085J12).
文摘The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160175,31440034)Project for Protection and Utilization of Crop Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture(NB2012-2130135)+2 种基金Program of Technological Innovation Talents of Yunnan Province(2011CI068)Project for Construction of National Tea Modern Industrial Technology System of China(NYCYTX-23)Special Fund of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YAAS2012ZY002)
文摘In this study, 27 pairs of EST-SSR primers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 100 wild tea plant germplasm re- sources and 22 cultivars, according to the results, a total of 88 polymorphic bands were amplified with 27 pairs of primers; the variation of effective alleles accounted for 69.01% ; a total of 183 genotypes were detected, with a variation range of 4 -11 ; averagely 6.78 genotypes were amplified with each primer pair; Shannon index （I） of 27 primer pairs ranged from 0.32 to I. 35, with an average of 0.88 ; the observed heterozygosity （0.52） was basically consistent with the expected het- erozygosity （0.52） ; the average polymorphism heterozygosity was 0.48, which was very close to 0.50 ; the average Nei＇s index was 0.51, which was higher than 0. 50 ; the average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.52, which was higher than 0.50, indicating high genetic diversity among wild tea germplasm resources in Yuunan Province. According to the clustering results, based on geographical origins and genetic backgrounds, 122 materials were clustered into 14 categories. Dendrogram based on Nei＇s genetic distance revealed complex genetic relationships among wild tea germplasm resources in Yunnan Province. This study provided certain reference for subsequent preservation, development and research of wild tea germplasm resources in China.
文摘Field experiment was conducted on mature tea bushes of Qi-Men variety at two different altitudes from sea level i.e. at National Tea Research Institute Shinkiari (1000 m) and on farmer’s field in Konsh valley at village Battal (1500 m). Different levels of nitrogen with constant dose of phosphorus and potassium were applied to observe the optimal dose of nutrients for highest yield under local edaphic conditions. The experiment was repeated for three consecutive years. The highest yield of fresh tea leaves were obtained by the application of 420 kg ha-1 N followed by the application of 360 kg ha-1 N at 1000 masl. The highest dose of nitrogen also reduced significantly the soil pH in the upper (0-15cm) layer depth during 1998 and 1999. During the year 2000, the reduction in soil pH was observed by the application of highest dose of nitrogen but was non-significant at 5% level. The lower soil depth (15-30 cm) showed the reduction in pH with the highest dose of nitrogen during the experimental year but was statistically non significant. At the higher altitude of 1500 masl the highest yield of fresh tea leaves was obtained by the application of 420 kg ha-1 during the experimental years but the increase was significant during the year 1999 and 2000. The yield of the fresh tea leaves was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen application at both the altitudes. The increasing amount of nitrogen decreased the soil pH at both the depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm. Unlike the lower altitude (1000 m) there was no any significant reduction in the soil pH during 1998 and 1999. A significant reduction in soil pH was found in the year 2000.
基金Key R&D Program,Jiangsu Province(BE2016354)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(16)1045)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(2014-37).
文摘A sprinkler irrigation system was designed and applied for a tea field to achieve frost protection through latent heat release when water turning into ice.Frost protection effects during night were tested at different irrigation application rates by monitoring air temperature around tea canopy(Tc).Temperature sensors were arranged at different distances from the sprinkler.The preliminary results showed that,when the sprinkler system worked continuously at the application rate of 2-4 mm/h before sunrise,tea canopy was covered with ice and Tc remained around 0℃,preventing tea plants from frost damage.But no more temperature rise was obviously observed at the application rates above 4 mm/h,which means less cost effectiveness.The system was stopped after sunrise when background air temperature rose back to 0℃and Tc increased by 2.2℃in one hour,while Tc of non-irrigated area increased by 4.8℃,which might cause thawing injuries to tea plants.The leaf surface temperature was lower than Tc,and the difference between the leaf surface temperature and Tc decreased with the increase of application rate.Therefore,the sprinkler irrigation system could achieve tea frost protection,and the recommended application rate was 2-4 mm/h for better protection effect.The system should keep running throughout frost night till half an hour after sunrise.The start and stop of the sprinkler irrigation system should be controlled based on Tc.
