BACKGROUND:Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans(C.albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients.The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection of C.albicans in immunoc...BACKGROUND:Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans(C.albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients.The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection of C.albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS:Sprague Dawley(SD) rats(n=100) were randomly assigned into 5 groups as the following:blank group,cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone+SAP group,cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone group,cyclophosphamide+SAP group,and cyclophosphamide group.The rats were sacrificed at 5and 10 days,and their jejunum,colon,mesenteric lymph nodes,pancreas,intestinal content,and blood were quickly collected to detect C.albicans.A region of the 25 S rRNA gene was chosen and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to differentiate C.albicans genotypes.The amplified products were further sequenced and compared to judge their homology.RESULTS:Compared with the Cyclophosphamide group,the combination of immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly increased the colonization of C.albicans in intestine in 5 and 10 days.Pure SAP stress did not increase the opportunistic infection of C.albicans.The PCR products of C.albicans isolates all belonged to the genotype A family,and sequence alignment showed that the amplified fragments were homologous.CONCLUSION:The damage of immune system and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are important risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection.Intestinal tract is an important source for genotype-A C.albicans to translocate and invade into bloodstream.展开更多
Zanthoxylum schinifolium has been used as spices and traditional medicine in China for hundreds of years.A variety of active substances have been isolated from Zanthoxylum schinifolium using biological and chemical te...Zanthoxylum schinifolium has been used as spices and traditional medicine in China for hundreds of years.A variety of active substances have been isolated from Zanthoxylum schinifolium using biological and chemical techniques.Among these substances,the effect of schinifoline has gradually attracted much attention.Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens isolated from the gastrointestinal tract,vagina,and mouth in healthy individuals.In a healthy population,there are various mechanisms in host,such as the microbial flora,the epithelial barriers,and the innate immune system,that can control the presence of Candida albicans.However,when host immunity is compromised,an invasive fungal infection is more likely to occur.In this study,we explored the antifungal activity of schinifoline against Candida albicans in Caenorhabditis elegans.To determine the optimal concentration of schinifoline,we investigated the lifespan,defecation cycle and locomotion behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans after treatment with schinifoline.In addition,we examined colony formation in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans after Candida albicans infection.The results indicated that 100 and 200 mg/L of schinifoline could prolonged the lifespan,shorten the defecation cycle and increased the locomotion behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans,with 100 mg/L of schinifoline being the optimal concentration.Moreover,100 mg/L of schinifoline increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans after infection and inhibited the colony formation of Candida albicans in Caenorhabditis elegans intestine.Therefore,we concluded that schinifoline exhibits anti-fungal effects and its potential use as natural drugs should be further explored in future studies.展开更多
Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes mar...Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes marital infection or not. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the origin of oral C. albicans by investigating the colonization and infection route to oral cavities of this organism with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Methods: After C. albicans was isolated from four subjects (average age: 42.2, range: 33 - 56), the isolations of this organism from them were performed six months later again. To investigate whether C. albicans is an oral resident microorganism, the genotype homology of each C. albicans isolates that were isolated twice from the same subjects was compared. Moreover, C. albicans was isolated from five pairs of married couples (average period of cohabitation: 12.4 years, range: 5 - 31). To investigate whether C. albicans causes marital infection, the genotype homology of C. albicans isolates that were isolated from each pair of married couples was compared. Results: AP-PCR patterns of C. albicans that were isolated from each subject at o month and after 6 months showed the identical genotypes among each individual. C. albicans isolates from five pairs of married couples showed the identical genotypes between a husband and wife of each pair on AP-PCR. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans was an oral resident microorganism and caused the marital infection.展开更多
Candida albicans proliferates in the skin and oral cavity and is the causative agent of candida dermatitis and oral candidiasis. C. albicans is known to form biofilms on oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Formation of ...Candida albicans proliferates in the skin and oral cavity and is the causative agent of candida dermatitis and oral candidiasis. C. albicans is known to form biofilms on oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Formation of biofilms deteriorates the permeability of antifungal drugs, decreasing their effectiveness. Therefore, in this study, I identified a compound with inhibitory activity against C. albicans biofilm formation. Heat shock protein 90 was selected as the target protein, and a potential ligand for the same was extracted and identified as 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclopentanol. C. albicans was then cultured with varying concentrations of this compound: 0 mmol/L, 0.63 mmol/l. 2.5 mmol/l, and 10 mmol/l, and biofilm formation was measured via crystal violet assay. The findings demonstrated that 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclopentanol substantially inhibits biofilm formation when added at a concentration of 0.63 mmol/l or higher. It is suggested that C. albicans could be eliminated more efficiently using this compound in combination with the existing antifungal drug miconazole. Further, the compound may also be useful as a disinfectant for medical devices, such as catheters, to prevent the formation of C. albicans biofilms.展开更多
Efficacy of five plant molecules against thirty three clinical isolates and two standard strains of C. albicans, differentially susceptible to fluconazole (FLC) is tested in this study. Effect on biofilm (adhesion, de...Efficacy of five plant molecules against thirty three clinical isolates and two standard strains of C. albicans, differentially susceptible to fluconazole (FLC) is tested in this study. Effect on biofilm (adhesion, development and maturation) formation, morphogenesis and synergy with fluconazole (FLC) against a FLC resistant strain of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 is also evaluated. All the plant molecules tested were equally effective against isolates and strains of C. albicans (N = 35) tested in this study. Cinnamaldehyde was found most effective against planktonic growth followed by ocimene. Both the molecules exhibited fungicidal activity and killed 99.9% of inoculum within 80 and 20 min of exposure respectively at 0.62 mM and 176.8 mM concentrations. Curcumin (5 - 20 mM), camphene (8 - 32 mM) and farnesene (25 - 100 mM), although inhibited planktonic growth, were fungistatic. All the five plant molecules tested in this study inhibited morphogenesis significantly and exhibited considerable activity against biofilm formation. Inhibition of biofilm was found to be stage specific i.e. efficacy was more against adhesion followed by developing and mature biofilm. Plant molecules tested exhibited excellent synergy with fluconazole. However FIC index values 0.155, 0.062 and 0.046 indicate that ocimene was the most effective synergistic molecule inhibited planktonic growth, developing biofilm and mature biofilm growth respectively at very low concentrations. This is the first report of anti-Candida activity of three terpenoids viz. ocimene, farnesene and camphene against planktonic & biofilm growth, morphogenesis as well as synergy with FLC. Plant molecules tested in this study may find use in antifungal chemotherapy individually and or in a combination with FLC.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Farnesol is added to numerous consumer products</span><span st...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Farnesol is added to numerous consumer products</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that inten</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tionally, or inadvertently come in contact with tissues that may harbor </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the opportunistic yeast, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study explores biological consequences of the exposure of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from community infecti</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ons or from a panel of antifungal drug resistant organis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ms on growth and survival of these organisms when exposed to farnesol. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC supplied </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from the MP8 drug resistance panel and an additional 1</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2 strains of community-acquired </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were c</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ultured in the presence of farnesol. With standard micobiologic techniques and flow cytometry evaluation, a series of experiments considered growth, morphology, viability and entrance into the quiescent persister phenotype of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with emphasis on differences between drug resistant and community organisms. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Di</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fferences growth yield, relative cell size and heat suscep</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tibility distinguished the community organisms from the drug-resistant organisms. Using a subset of these organisms, exposure to farnesol resulted in diminished growth, inhibited hyphal growth, diminished cell membrane integrity and increased heat stress susceptibility. Data provided suggest that exposure to farnesol pushes cultures of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> toward the quiescent persister phenotype. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Exposure of drug resistant and community strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albican</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are modestly affected by farnesol</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in ways that may lessen their </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pathogenic potential. In contrast, the tendency of farnesol to engender greater numbers of quiescent organisms could support persistence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span>展开更多
This study examines the kinetics of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> adherence as it relates to HSV replication and corresponding dynamic display of shared receptors. HeLa cells infected...This study examines the kinetics of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> adherence as it relates to HSV replication and corresponding dynamic display of shared receptors. HeLa cells infected for various times with HSV-1 gL86 or HSV-2 333gJ-(MOI 50) were incubated with <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 25923 or <i>C. albicans</i> yeast and CFU measured. Over time, <i>S. aureus</i> adherence to HSV-1 infected cells was relatively stable for 45 min then decreased to 0.8 of virus-free control, before cycling at 15-to-30 min intervals. In contrast, staphylococcal adherence to HSV-2 infected cells proceeded at a more gradual rate, increasing to control levels at ~105 min before decreasing to a nadir at 165 min. Yeast adherence to HSV-1 infected cells remained relatively unchanged for the first 75 min then increased 2-fold before returning to its original level. This pattern is repeated over the next 90 min. While a similar pattern with <i>C. albicans</i> and HSV-2 was measured, it occurred more rapidly. Our model shows that while the interaction of both HSV-1 and HSV-2 with <i>S. aureus</i> is both dynamic and inhibitory, <i>C. albicans</i> interaction with HSV-2 is more permissive than HSV-1. However, the interaction of both microbes with HSV-infected cells in this model system appears to be independent of α5B1, CD36 and HSP60 viral-regulated receptor expression. These findings indicate that microbiome interactions across taxonomic kingdoms are more complex than previously thought.展开更多
To determine the frequency and expression of the ten SAP (secreted aspartyl protease) genes in a group of Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican women suffering from vaginal candidosis, a group of 264 women (a...To determine the frequency and expression of the ten SAP (secreted aspartyl protease) genes in a group of Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican women suffering from vaginal candidosis, a group of 264 women (age 18 - 57 years) with vaginal infections, predisposed by diabetes mellitus or contraceptive consumption, were evaluated. C. albicans was identified using PCR to amplify the rRNA internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2. The presence of the SAP genes was determined using conventional PCR, and their expression levels were determined using real-time PCR after the C. albicans strains had been grown in reconstituted human vaginal epithelium (RHVE). C. albicans was identified in the samples from 50 women (18.9%). The genotyping frequencies of the SAP genes were as follows: SAP1, 94%;SAP2, 98%;SAP3, 80%;SAP4, 100%;SAP5, 100%;SAP6, 100%;SAP7, 63%;SAP8, 96%;SAP9, 70%;and SAP10, 88%. The most frequently expressed genes in the strains harboring all of the genes were SAP1, 90%;SAP2, 90%;SAP3, 90%;SAP4, 100%;SAP5, 90%;SAP6, 90%;SAP7, 100%;SAP8, 90%;SAP9, 100%;and SAP10, 100%. SAP genes were expressed in the RHVE, suggesting that the Sap proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of infection.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the antifungal effects of Chinese herb monomers,i.e.berberine,baicalin,eugenol and curcumin,on Candida albicans.Methods:After Candida albicans strain Y01-09 was incubated for 48 h in YEPD broth wh...Objective:To analyze the antifungal effects of Chinese herb monomers,i.e.berberine,baicalin,eugenol and curcumin,on Candida albicans.Methods:After Candida albicans strain Y01-09 was incubated for 48 h in YEPD broth which contained different concentrations of Chinese herb components,the cell cycle,fluorescent intensity and the size of cell volume were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The 4 Chinese herb monomers could affect the cell cycle of Candida albicans in different ranges.The ratio of cells in S-G2-M period decreased as the agents concentration increased,indicating that the cell division was inhibited.The fluorescent intensity of Candida albicans cells became weaker after being incubated,which reflected the loss of DNA fragments.The higher the concentration was,the weaker the fluorescent intensity became.The cell size,cell diopter and particle size changed much as the agents concentration increased.Conclusion:Chinese herb monomers play the antifungal role in inhibiting cell division.FCM could be used to determine the susceptibility of antifungal agents.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e.Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Rhoddtorula sp.Methods:Four Algeria honeys of different botani...Objective:To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e.Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Rhoddtorula sp.Methods:Four Algeria honeys of different botanical origin were analvzed to test anlilungal effect against C.albicans,and Rhodotorula sp.Different concentrations(undiluted,10%,30%,50%and 70%w/v) of honey were studied in vitro for their antifugal aclivity using C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.as fungal strains.Results:The range of the c liameter of zone of inhibition of various concentrations ol tested honeys was(7-23 mm) for Rhodotorula sp.,while C.albicans showed clearly resistance towards all concentrations used.The MICs of tested honey concentrations against C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.were(70.09-93.48)%and(4.90-99.70)%v/v,respectively.Conclusions:This study demonstrales that,in vitro,these natural products have clearly an antifungal activity against Rhodotorula sp.and C.albicans.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of ...Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of four varieties of Algerian honey.Lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were incubated with a set of concentrations of starch and then added to media to detennine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration(MAIC).Results:The MIC for the four varieties of honey without starch against C.albicans ranged between 38%and 42%(v/v).When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media,a MIC drop was noticed with each variety.MAIC of the four varieties ranged between 32%honey(v/v)with 4%starch and 36%honey(v/v) with 2%starch.Conclusions:The use of ginger starch allows honey benefit and will constitute an alternative way against the resistance to antifungal agents.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Ecballium elaterium(E. elaterium)fruits alone against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) strains and Candida albicans(C.albicans)strains,or in comb...Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Ecballium elaterium(E. elaterium)fruits alone against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) strains and Candida albicans(C.albicans)strains,or in combination with penicillin against Staphylococcus areus strains. Methods:Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity or synergy interaction was carried out using microdilution method.Results:The results showed that ethanolic extract of E.elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA),methicillin sensitive S. aureus(MSSA) and C.albicans.This extract showed a significant decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of penicillin against both MRSA and MSSA strains.Fractional inhibitory concentration index(FIC)between penicillin and ethanolic extract of E.elaterium fruits against these test strains was less than 0.5.Conclusions:This study suggests that ethanolic extract of E.elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against S.aureus and C.albicans and there is a possibility of concurrent use of penicillin and E.elaterium extract in combination in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA and MSSA strains.A wider study is needed to identify the effective components,the mode of action and the possible toxic effect in vivo of these ingredients.展开更多
Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study t...Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes caused by E.hirta extract on C. albicans cells al various exposure time.Results:It was found that the main abnormalities were the alterations in morphology,lysis and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract.Whereas the control cultures showed a typical morphology of Candida with a uniform central density,typically structured nucleus,and a cytoplasm with several elements of endomembrane system and enveloped by a regular,intact cell wall.Conclusions:The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of E.hirta L.suggests its potential against infections caused by C.albicans.The extract may be developed as an anticandidal agent.展开更多
Objective:To detect the anticandidal activity of nine toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and herbal extracts as an active ingredients against 45 oral and non oral Candida albicans(C.alb...Objective:To detect the anticandidal activity of nine toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and herbal extracts as an active ingredients against 45 oral and non oral Candida albicans(C.albicans) isolates.Methods:The antifungal activity of these toothpaste formulations was determined using a standard agar well diffusion method.Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package,SPSS windows version 15,by applying mean values using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc least square differences(LSD) method.A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results:All toothpastes studied in our experiments were effective in inhibiting the growth of all C.albicans isolates.The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from toothpaste that containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients, while the lowest activity was obtained from toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient.Antifungal activity of Parodontax toothpaste showed a significant difference(P<0.001) against C.albicans isolates compared to toothpastes containing sodium fluoride or herbal products.Conclusions:In the present study,it has been demonstrated that toothpaste containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients are more effective in control of C.albicans,while toothpaste that containing monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient is less effective against C.albicans.Some herbal toothpaste formulations studied in our experiments,appear to be equally effective as the fluoride dental formulations and it can be used as an alternative to conventional formulations for individuals who have an interest in naturally-based products.Our results may provide invaluable information for dental professionals.展开更多
Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methac...Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.展开更多
AIM: To determine the association between chlamydial conjunctivitis and genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans, in addition to the possible relationship between cultured...AIM: To determine the association between chlamydial conjunctivitis and genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans, in addition to the possible relationship between cultured bacterial pathogens and oculogenital chlamydial infection.METHODS: This study was performed on 100(50 symptomatic and 50 asymptomatic) women attending the Gynecological and Obstetric outpatient clinic of Alzahra hospital, Alazhar University. Simultaneously a conjunctival swab was taken from these patients.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was done on DNA extracted from both vaginal and conjunctival swab samples. Culture for both vaginal and conjunctival swabs was also done.RESULTS: Candida albicans was the predominant organism isolated by culture in 20% and 40% of conjunctival and vaginal swabs respectively. By the PCR method, ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was present in 60% of symptomatic women, while genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was present in 30% of symptomatic women. The results of this method also indicated that 25/50(50%) vaginal swabs were positive with PCR for Candida albicans versus 15/50(30%) were PCR positive in conjunctival swab. Mycoplasma genitalium was present in only 10% of vaginal swabs.Concomitant oculogenital PCR positive results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans were 30% and 28% respectively.CONCLUSION: Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was associated with genital Chlamydia trachomatis in a high percentage of women followed by Candida albicans.Cultured bacterial organisms do not play a role in enhancement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.展开更多
Candida albicans PDY-07 was isolated from activated sludge under anaerobic conditions and identified as a member belonging to the genus Candida. Pure culture of C. albicans PDY-07, biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol 4-C...Candida albicans PDY-07 was isolated from activated sludge under anaerobic conditions and identified as a member belonging to the genus Candida. Pure culture of C. albicans PDY-07, biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol 4-CP was carried out under anaerobic conditions in Erlenmeyer flasks at 35℃, with an initial pH of 7.0—7.2 and a starting inoculum of 10% by volume. The results showed that, under the above-mentioned con- ditions, C. albicans PDY-07 could thoroughly biodegrade 4-CP up to a concentration of 300mg·L-1 within 244h and that it had a high tolerance potential of up to 440mg·L-1 for 4-CP. With the increase in the initial concentrations of 4-CP, substrate inhibition was obviously enhanced. There was increased consumption of 4-CP, which was not assimilated by the cell for growth but was used to counteract the strong substrate inhibition. In addition, the cell growth and substrate-degradation kinetics of 4-CP as the sole source of carbon and energy for the strain in batch cultures were also investigated over a wide range of substrate concentrations 2.2—350mg·L-1, using the proposed cell growth and degradation kinetic models. The results recorded from these experiments showed that the proposed kinetic models adequately described the dynamic behavior of 4-CP biodegradation by C. albicans PDY-07.展开更多
The model of vaginal candidiasis in Kunming mice was constructed in order to search for the optima construction conditions and provide an economic animal model of Candida albicans (C. albicans) vaginitis. Estrogen ben...The model of vaginal candidiasis in Kunming mice was constructed in order to search for the optima construction conditions and provide an economic animal model of Candida albicans (C. albicans) vaginitis. Estrogen benzoate (E2) was given to mice at different concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 0.05 mg/mouse (4 levels) beginning 72 h prior to vaginal inoculation, then mice were in- oculated intravaginally with various concentrations of stationary-phase C. albicans blastoconidia (ATCC90028) (5 levels) in 20 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in each E2 level. General state, scores of genital pathology, the hyphae and vaginal fungal burden (CFU) in vaginal lavage fluid, the hydrops rate of uterus and vaginal tissues for pathological section in mice were observed and ob- tained at day 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 after inoculation. The results showed the infection rate in mice was related to the dosage of E2 and concentration of C. albicans blastoconidia. Additionally there was better cross-effect between the two treated factors. The infection rate was about 80% on the day 4, and could reach 100% on the day 7 until the end of experiment after inoculated intravaginally in groups of E2I3, E2 0.025 mg/mouse injected hypodermically and inoculated intravaginally with 5×104 C. albicans blastoconidia, and large amount of hyphae and blastoconidia could be observe in superfi- cial layer tissue and canal of vaginal by PAS. From the results in our experiment it was concluded that E2I3 was the optima construction condition in kunming mice.展开更多
Aim To identify heterogeneity of Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolated from the population with cancer in China by using identification medium, subculture molecular typing, and antifungal susceptibility test. Method...Aim To identify heterogeneity of Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolated from the population with cancer in China by using identification medium, subculture molecular typing, and antifungal susceptibility test. Methodology Oral cheek mucosal specimens from 52 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were cultured on CHROMagar CandidaTM plates for Candida identification. All the C. albicans colonies on the plates were subcultured and reconfirmed by API20C, then submitted to the antifungal drug susceptibility test with fluconazole and molecular typing using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD) with primers RSD6 and RSD12. Results 54% (28/52) patients were oral yeast carriage in which C. albicans predominated. More than 7 C. albicans colonies were isolated from each of 12 patients (Group A), while less than 5 colonies were isolated from each of 16 patients (Group B). RSD6 and RSD12 were successful in eliciting 17 (A1-A17) and 2 (B1-B2) genotypes, respectively from among the 205 isolates. The two primers were com- bined to generate 21 genotypes. The C. albicans isolates obtained from the same patient and episode showed a diversity for fluconazole revealed by MIC50 and MIC90. Conclusion The heterogeneity of the C. albicans colonies isolated from the same patients can be detected. C. albicans with varied fluconazole susceptibility and genotypic characteristics may coexist in the same oral Candida population.展开更多
To compare the therapeutic effects of three different anti-fungal drugs (i.e., terbinafine, fluconazole and intraconazole) in the treatment of experimental vaginitis caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) in mice, t...To compare the therapeutic effects of three different anti-fungal drugs (i.e., terbinafine, fluconazole and intraconazole) in the treatment of experimental vaginitis caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) in mice, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animal had been pretreated with estradiol. Mice were divided at random into different groups and then respectively treated with terbinafine, flucona- zole and intraconazole given by gastrogavage. The burden of the fungus in the vaginal lavage fluids in the mice of the different groups was measured dynamically at different time points after the begin- ning of the drug treatment. The fungal burdens in the vaginal lavage fluids taken at different time points from the mice treated with terbinafine were significantly higher than those taken at corre- sponding time points from mice treated with fluconazole or itraconazole (P<0.01). The fungal bur- dens in the vaginal lavage fluids taken from mice 1 week after the beginning of the treatment with terbinafine remained at a relatively high level. A dramatic drop in the fungal burden was noted in the vaginal lavage fluids taken on the 2nd day of the treatment from mice treated with itraconazole or flu- conazole group and the fungal burden on the 3rd day of the treatment in these mice were at a very low level, suggesting that fluconazole or itraconazole were highly effective for the treatment. How- ever, the difference in the therapeutic effect between the two drugs was not significant (P>0.05). Itraconazole or fluconazole, but not terbinafine, is very effective for the treatment of fungal vaginitis caused by C. albicans in mice.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Research Foundation of Shanghai Minhang District Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(2013MW12)the Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(201540136)
文摘BACKGROUND:Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans(C.albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients.The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection of C.albicans in immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS:Sprague Dawley(SD) rats(n=100) were randomly assigned into 5 groups as the following:blank group,cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone+SAP group,cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone group,cyclophosphamide+SAP group,and cyclophosphamide group.The rats were sacrificed at 5and 10 days,and their jejunum,colon,mesenteric lymph nodes,pancreas,intestinal content,and blood were quickly collected to detect C.albicans.A region of the 25 S rRNA gene was chosen and amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to differentiate C.albicans genotypes.The amplified products were further sequenced and compared to judge their homology.RESULTS:Compared with the Cyclophosphamide group,the combination of immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly increased the colonization of C.albicans in intestine in 5 and 10 days.Pure SAP stress did not increase the opportunistic infection of C.albicans.The PCR products of C.albicans isolates all belonged to the genotype A family,and sequence alignment showed that the amplified fragments were homologous.CONCLUSION:The damage of immune system and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are important risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection.Intestinal tract is an important source for genotype-A C.albicans to translocate and invade into bloodstream.
基金This study was funded by the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20161124).
文摘Zanthoxylum schinifolium has been used as spices and traditional medicine in China for hundreds of years.A variety of active substances have been isolated from Zanthoxylum schinifolium using biological and chemical techniques.Among these substances,the effect of schinifoline has gradually attracted much attention.Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens isolated from the gastrointestinal tract,vagina,and mouth in healthy individuals.In a healthy population,there are various mechanisms in host,such as the microbial flora,the epithelial barriers,and the innate immune system,that can control the presence of Candida albicans.However,when host immunity is compromised,an invasive fungal infection is more likely to occur.In this study,we explored the antifungal activity of schinifoline against Candida albicans in Caenorhabditis elegans.To determine the optimal concentration of schinifoline,we investigated the lifespan,defecation cycle and locomotion behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans after treatment with schinifoline.In addition,we examined colony formation in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans after Candida albicans infection.The results indicated that 100 and 200 mg/L of schinifoline could prolonged the lifespan,shorten the defecation cycle and increased the locomotion behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans,with 100 mg/L of schinifoline being the optimal concentration.Moreover,100 mg/L of schinifoline increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans after infection and inhibited the colony formation of Candida albicans in Caenorhabditis elegans intestine.Therefore,we concluded that schinifoline exhibits anti-fungal effects and its potential use as natural drugs should be further explored in future studies.
文摘Purpose: Candida albicans is regarded as a part of normal flora in the human oral cavity. However, it remains unclear whether the genus Candida, especially C. albicans, is an oral resident microorganism and causes marital infection or not. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the origin of oral C. albicans by investigating the colonization and infection route to oral cavities of this organism with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Methods: After C. albicans was isolated from four subjects (average age: 42.2, range: 33 - 56), the isolations of this organism from them were performed six months later again. To investigate whether C. albicans is an oral resident microorganism, the genotype homology of each C. albicans isolates that were isolated twice from the same subjects was compared. Moreover, C. albicans was isolated from five pairs of married couples (average period of cohabitation: 12.4 years, range: 5 - 31). To investigate whether C. albicans causes marital infection, the genotype homology of C. albicans isolates that were isolated from each pair of married couples was compared. Results: AP-PCR patterns of C. albicans that were isolated from each subject at o month and after 6 months showed the identical genotypes among each individual. C. albicans isolates from five pairs of married couples showed the identical genotypes between a husband and wife of each pair on AP-PCR. Conclusion: These results indicated that C. albicans was an oral resident microorganism and caused the marital infection.
文摘Candida albicans proliferates in the skin and oral cavity and is the causative agent of candida dermatitis and oral candidiasis. C. albicans is known to form biofilms on oral mucosa and denture surfaces. Formation of biofilms deteriorates the permeability of antifungal drugs, decreasing their effectiveness. Therefore, in this study, I identified a compound with inhibitory activity against C. albicans biofilm formation. Heat shock protein 90 was selected as the target protein, and a potential ligand for the same was extracted and identified as 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclopentanol. C. albicans was then cultured with varying concentrations of this compound: 0 mmol/L, 0.63 mmol/l. 2.5 mmol/l, and 10 mmol/l, and biofilm formation was measured via crystal violet assay. The findings demonstrated that 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)cyclopentanol substantially inhibits biofilm formation when added at a concentration of 0.63 mmol/l or higher. It is suggested that C. albicans could be eliminated more efficiently using this compound in combination with the existing antifungal drug miconazole. Further, the compound may also be useful as a disinfectant for medical devices, such as catheters, to prevent the formation of C. albicans biofilms.
文摘Efficacy of five plant molecules against thirty three clinical isolates and two standard strains of C. albicans, differentially susceptible to fluconazole (FLC) is tested in this study. Effect on biofilm (adhesion, development and maturation) formation, morphogenesis and synergy with fluconazole (FLC) against a FLC resistant strain of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 is also evaluated. All the plant molecules tested were equally effective against isolates and strains of C. albicans (N = 35) tested in this study. Cinnamaldehyde was found most effective against planktonic growth followed by ocimene. Both the molecules exhibited fungicidal activity and killed 99.9% of inoculum within 80 and 20 min of exposure respectively at 0.62 mM and 176.8 mM concentrations. Curcumin (5 - 20 mM), camphene (8 - 32 mM) and farnesene (25 - 100 mM), although inhibited planktonic growth, were fungistatic. All the five plant molecules tested in this study inhibited morphogenesis significantly and exhibited considerable activity against biofilm formation. Inhibition of biofilm was found to be stage specific i.e. efficacy was more against adhesion followed by developing and mature biofilm. Plant molecules tested exhibited excellent synergy with fluconazole. However FIC index values 0.155, 0.062 and 0.046 indicate that ocimene was the most effective synergistic molecule inhibited planktonic growth, developing biofilm and mature biofilm growth respectively at very low concentrations. This is the first report of anti-Candida activity of three terpenoids viz. ocimene, farnesene and camphene against planktonic & biofilm growth, morphogenesis as well as synergy with FLC. Plant molecules tested in this study may find use in antifungal chemotherapy individually and or in a combination with FLC.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Farnesol is added to numerous consumer products</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that inten</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tionally, or inadvertently come in contact with tissues that may harbor </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the opportunistic yeast, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This study explores biological consequences of the exposure of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from community infecti</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ons or from a panel of antifungal drug resistant organis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ms on growth and survival of these organisms when exposed to farnesol. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC supplied </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from the MP8 drug resistance panel and an additional 1</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2 strains of community-acquired </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were c</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ultured in the presence of farnesol. With standard micobiologic techniques and flow cytometry evaluation, a series of experiments considered growth, morphology, viability and entrance into the quiescent persister phenotype of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with emphasis on differences between drug resistant and community organisms. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Di</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fferences growth yield, relative cell size and heat suscep</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tibility distinguished the community organisms from the drug-resistant organisms. Using a subset of these organisms, exposure to farnesol resulted in diminished growth, inhibited hyphal growth, diminished cell membrane integrity and increased heat stress susceptibility. Data provided suggest that exposure to farnesol pushes cultures of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albicans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> toward the quiescent persister phenotype. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Exposure of drug resistant and community strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida albican</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> are modestly affected by farnesol</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in ways that may lessen their </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pathogenic potential. In contrast, the tendency of farnesol to engender greater numbers of quiescent organisms could support persistence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Candida</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span>
文摘This study examines the kinetics of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> adherence as it relates to HSV replication and corresponding dynamic display of shared receptors. HeLa cells infected for various times with HSV-1 gL86 or HSV-2 333gJ-(MOI 50) were incubated with <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 25923 or <i>C. albicans</i> yeast and CFU measured. Over time, <i>S. aureus</i> adherence to HSV-1 infected cells was relatively stable for 45 min then decreased to 0.8 of virus-free control, before cycling at 15-to-30 min intervals. In contrast, staphylococcal adherence to HSV-2 infected cells proceeded at a more gradual rate, increasing to control levels at ~105 min before decreasing to a nadir at 165 min. Yeast adherence to HSV-1 infected cells remained relatively unchanged for the first 75 min then increased 2-fold before returning to its original level. This pattern is repeated over the next 90 min. While a similar pattern with <i>C. albicans</i> and HSV-2 was measured, it occurred more rapidly. Our model shows that while the interaction of both HSV-1 and HSV-2 with <i>S. aureus</i> is both dynamic and inhibitory, <i>C. albicans</i> interaction with HSV-2 is more permissive than HSV-1. However, the interaction of both microbes with HSV-infected cells in this model system appears to be independent of α5B1, CD36 and HSP60 viral-regulated receptor expression. These findings indicate that microbiome interactions across taxonomic kingdoms are more complex than previously thought.
基金supported by the grant PAPIME PE200209 from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
文摘To determine the frequency and expression of the ten SAP (secreted aspartyl protease) genes in a group of Candida albicans strains isolated from Mexican women suffering from vaginal candidosis, a group of 264 women (age 18 - 57 years) with vaginal infections, predisposed by diabetes mellitus or contraceptive consumption, were evaluated. C. albicans was identified using PCR to amplify the rRNA internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2. The presence of the SAP genes was determined using conventional PCR, and their expression levels were determined using real-time PCR after the C. albicans strains had been grown in reconstituted human vaginal epithelium (RHVE). C. albicans was identified in the samples from 50 women (18.9%). The genotyping frequencies of the SAP genes were as follows: SAP1, 94%;SAP2, 98%;SAP3, 80%;SAP4, 100%;SAP5, 100%;SAP6, 100%;SAP7, 63%;SAP8, 96%;SAP9, 70%;and SAP10, 88%. The most frequently expressed genes in the strains harboring all of the genes were SAP1, 90%;SAP2, 90%;SAP3, 90%;SAP4, 100%;SAP5, 90%;SAP6, 90%;SAP7, 100%;SAP8, 90%;SAP9, 100%;and SAP10, 100%. SAP genes were expressed in the RHVE, suggesting that the Sap proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of infection.
文摘Objective:To analyze the antifungal effects of Chinese herb monomers,i.e.berberine,baicalin,eugenol and curcumin,on Candida albicans.Methods:After Candida albicans strain Y01-09 was incubated for 48 h in YEPD broth which contained different concentrations of Chinese herb components,the cell cycle,fluorescent intensity and the size of cell volume were detected by flow cytometry.Results:The 4 Chinese herb monomers could affect the cell cycle of Candida albicans in different ranges.The ratio of cells in S-G2-M period decreased as the agents concentration increased,indicating that the cell division was inhibited.The fluorescent intensity of Candida albicans cells became weaker after being incubated,which reflected the loss of DNA fragments.The higher the concentration was,the weaker the fluorescent intensity became.The cell size,cell diopter and particle size changed much as the agents concentration increased.Conclusion:Chinese herb monomers play the antifungal role in inhibiting cell division.FCM could be used to determine the susceptibility of antifungal agents.
基金supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences(IVS),University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET),Algeria(grant No.F023 2009/0009)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antifungal activity of four honeys of different types from Algeria against pathogenic yeast i.e.Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Rhoddtorula sp.Methods:Four Algeria honeys of different botanical origin were analvzed to test anlilungal effect against C.albicans,and Rhodotorula sp.Different concentrations(undiluted,10%,30%,50%and 70%w/v) of honey were studied in vitro for their antifugal aclivity using C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.as fungal strains.Results:The range of the c liameter of zone of inhibition of various concentrations ol tested honeys was(7-23 mm) for Rhodotorula sp.,while C.albicans showed clearly resistance towards all concentrations used.The MICs of tested honey concentrations against C.albicans and Rhodotorula sp.were(70.09-93.48)%and(4.90-99.70)%v/v,respectively.Conclusions:This study demonstrales that,in vitro,these natural products have clearly an antifungal activity against Rhodotorula sp.and C.albicans.
基金financially supported by project CNEPRU,Institute of Veterinary Sciences.University Ibn-Khaldoun(TIARET).Algeria(grant No.F0232009/0009)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the additive action of ginger starch on the antifungal activity of honey against Candida albicans(C.albicans).Methods:C.albicans was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of four varieties of Algerian honey.Lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were incubated with a set of concentrations of starch and then added to media to detennine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration(MAIC).Results:The MIC for the four varieties of honey without starch against C.albicans ranged between 38%and 42%(v/v).When starch was incubated with honey and then added to media,a MIC drop was noticed with each variety.MAIC of the four varieties ranged between 32%honey(v/v)with 4%starch and 36%honey(v/v) with 2%starch.Conclusions:The use of ginger starch allows honey benefit and will constitute an alternative way against the resistance to antifungal agents.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Ecballium elaterium(E. elaterium)fruits alone against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) strains and Candida albicans(C.albicans)strains,or in combination with penicillin against Staphylococcus areus strains. Methods:Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity or synergy interaction was carried out using microdilution method.Results:The results showed that ethanolic extract of E.elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA),methicillin sensitive S. aureus(MSSA) and C.albicans.This extract showed a significant decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC)of penicillin against both MRSA and MSSA strains.Fractional inhibitory concentration index(FIC)between penicillin and ethanolic extract of E.elaterium fruits against these test strains was less than 0.5.Conclusions:This study suggests that ethanolic extract of E.elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against S.aureus and C.albicans and there is a possibility of concurrent use of penicillin and E.elaterium extract in combination in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA and MSSA strains.A wider study is needed to identify the effective components,the mode of action and the possible toxic effect in vivo of these ingredients.
文摘Objective:To determine the major changes in the microstructure of Candida albicans(C. albicans) after treatment with Euphorbia hirta(E.hirta) L.leaf extract.Methods:Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural changes caused by E.hirta extract on C. albicans cells al various exposure time.Results:It was found that the main abnormalities were the alterations in morphology,lysis and complete collapse of the yeast cells after 36 h of exposure to the extract.Whereas the control cultures showed a typical morphology of Candida with a uniform central density,typically structured nucleus,and a cytoplasm with several elements of endomembrane system and enveloped by a regular,intact cell wall.Conclusions:The significant antifungal activity shown by this methanol extract of E.hirta L.suggests its potential against infections caused by C.albicans.The extract may be developed as an anticandidal agent.
基金Supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research of Najah N.University
文摘Objective:To detect the anticandidal activity of nine toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and herbal extracts as an active ingredients against 45 oral and non oral Candida albicans(C.albicans) isolates.Methods:The antifungal activity of these toothpaste formulations was determined using a standard agar well diffusion method.Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package,SPSS windows version 15,by applying mean values using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc least square differences(LSD) method.A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results:All toothpastes studied in our experiments were effective in inhibiting the growth of all C.albicans isolates.The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from toothpaste that containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients, while the lowest activity was obtained from toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient.Antifungal activity of Parodontax toothpaste showed a significant difference(P<0.001) against C.albicans isolates compared to toothpastes containing sodium fluoride or herbal products.Conclusions:In the present study,it has been demonstrated that toothpaste containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients are more effective in control of C.albicans,while toothpaste that containing monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient is less effective against C.albicans.Some herbal toothpaste formulations studied in our experiments,appear to be equally effective as the fluoride dental formulations and it can be used as an alternative to conventional formulations for individuals who have an interest in naturally-based products.Our results may provide invaluable information for dental professionals.
基金Supported by Maxillofacial Prosthetic Service Research Fund,Faculty of Dentistry,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand(Grant No.496/2011)
文摘Objective:To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L.(S.officinalis)essential oil against Candida albicans(C.albicans)and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C.albicans to polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)resin surface.Methods:Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S.officinalis L.essential oil against the reference strain(ATCC 90028)and 2 clinical strains of C.albicans.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimal lethal concentration(MLX)were determined by modified membrane method.The adhesion of C.albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S.officinalis L.essential oil at various concentrations of 1XMIC.0.5XMIC and 0.25XMIC at room temperature for30 min.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.Results:5.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C.albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm.The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains.According to the effects on C.albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface,it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1XMIC(2.780 g/L).0.5XMIC(1.390 g/L)and0.25XMIC(0.695 g/L)for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner(P<0.05).Conclusions:S.officinalis L.essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C.albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface.With further testing and development,S.officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.
文摘AIM: To determine the association between chlamydial conjunctivitis and genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Candida albicans, in addition to the possible relationship between cultured bacterial pathogens and oculogenital chlamydial infection.METHODS: This study was performed on 100(50 symptomatic and 50 asymptomatic) women attending the Gynecological and Obstetric outpatient clinic of Alzahra hospital, Alazhar University. Simultaneously a conjunctival swab was taken from these patients.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was done on DNA extracted from both vaginal and conjunctival swab samples. Culture for both vaginal and conjunctival swabs was also done.RESULTS: Candida albicans was the predominant organism isolated by culture in 20% and 40% of conjunctival and vaginal swabs respectively. By the PCR method, ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was present in 60% of symptomatic women, while genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was present in 30% of symptomatic women. The results of this method also indicated that 25/50(50%) vaginal swabs were positive with PCR for Candida albicans versus 15/50(30%) were PCR positive in conjunctival swab. Mycoplasma genitalium was present in only 10% of vaginal swabs.Concomitant oculogenital PCR positive results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans were 30% and 28% respectively.CONCLUSION: Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis was associated with genital Chlamydia trachomatis in a high percentage of women followed by Candida albicans.Cultured bacterial organisms do not play a role in enhancement of Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20336030) the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.05YFJZJC 00500)
文摘Candida albicans PDY-07 was isolated from activated sludge under anaerobic conditions and identified as a member belonging to the genus Candida. Pure culture of C. albicans PDY-07, biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol 4-CP was carried out under anaerobic conditions in Erlenmeyer flasks at 35℃, with an initial pH of 7.0—7.2 and a starting inoculum of 10% by volume. The results showed that, under the above-mentioned con- ditions, C. albicans PDY-07 could thoroughly biodegrade 4-CP up to a concentration of 300mg·L-1 within 244h and that it had a high tolerance potential of up to 440mg·L-1 for 4-CP. With the increase in the initial concentrations of 4-CP, substrate inhibition was obviously enhanced. There was increased consumption of 4-CP, which was not assimilated by the cell for growth but was used to counteract the strong substrate inhibition. In addition, the cell growth and substrate-degradation kinetics of 4-CP as the sole source of carbon and energy for the strain in batch cultures were also investigated over a wide range of substrate concentrations 2.2—350mg·L-1, using the proposed cell growth and degradation kinetic models. The results recorded from these experiments showed that the proposed kinetic models adequately described the dynamic behavior of 4-CP biodegradation by C. albicans PDY-07.
基金the National "10th Five-Year"Key Technologies R&D (No.2004BA709B13-02)
文摘The model of vaginal candidiasis in Kunming mice was constructed in order to search for the optima construction conditions and provide an economic animal model of Candida albicans (C. albicans) vaginitis. Estrogen benzoate (E2) was given to mice at different concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 0.05 mg/mouse (4 levels) beginning 72 h prior to vaginal inoculation, then mice were in- oculated intravaginally with various concentrations of stationary-phase C. albicans blastoconidia (ATCC90028) (5 levels) in 20 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in each E2 level. General state, scores of genital pathology, the hyphae and vaginal fungal burden (CFU) in vaginal lavage fluid, the hydrops rate of uterus and vaginal tissues for pathological section in mice were observed and ob- tained at day 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21 after inoculation. The results showed the infection rate in mice was related to the dosage of E2 and concentration of C. albicans blastoconidia. Additionally there was better cross-effect between the two treated factors. The infection rate was about 80% on the day 4, and could reach 100% on the day 7 until the end of experiment after inoculated intravaginally in groups of E2I3, E2 0.025 mg/mouse injected hypodermically and inoculated intravaginally with 5×104 C. albicans blastoconidia, and large amount of hyphae and blastoconidia could be observe in superfi- cial layer tissue and canal of vaginal by PAS. From the results in our experiment it was concluded that E2I3 was the optima construction condition in kunming mice.
基金supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 30400498)
文摘Aim To identify heterogeneity of Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolated from the population with cancer in China by using identification medium, subculture molecular typing, and antifungal susceptibility test. Methodology Oral cheek mucosal specimens from 52 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were cultured on CHROMagar CandidaTM plates for Candida identification. All the C. albicans colonies on the plates were subcultured and reconfirmed by API20C, then submitted to the antifungal drug susceptibility test with fluconazole and molecular typing using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD) with primers RSD6 and RSD12. Results 54% (28/52) patients were oral yeast carriage in which C. albicans predominated. More than 7 C. albicans colonies were isolated from each of 12 patients (Group A), while less than 5 colonies were isolated from each of 16 patients (Group B). RSD6 and RSD12 were successful in eliciting 17 (A1-A17) and 2 (B1-B2) genotypes, respectively from among the 205 isolates. The two primers were com- bined to generate 21 genotypes. The C. albicans isolates obtained from the same patient and episode showed a diversity for fluconazole revealed by MIC50 and MIC90. Conclusion The heterogeneity of the C. albicans colonies isolated from the same patients can be detected. C. albicans with varied fluconazole susceptibility and genotypic characteristics may coexist in the same oral Candida population.
基金This project was supported by grants from the Science Research Foundation of Health Department of Hubei Province (No. JXIB048)the Janssen Research Foundation
文摘To compare the therapeutic effects of three different anti-fungal drugs (i.e., terbinafine, fluconazole and intraconazole) in the treatment of experimental vaginitis caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans) in mice, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animal had been pretreated with estradiol. Mice were divided at random into different groups and then respectively treated with terbinafine, flucona- zole and intraconazole given by gastrogavage. The burden of the fungus in the vaginal lavage fluids in the mice of the different groups was measured dynamically at different time points after the begin- ning of the drug treatment. The fungal burdens in the vaginal lavage fluids taken at different time points from the mice treated with terbinafine were significantly higher than those taken at corre- sponding time points from mice treated with fluconazole or itraconazole (P<0.01). The fungal bur- dens in the vaginal lavage fluids taken from mice 1 week after the beginning of the treatment with terbinafine remained at a relatively high level. A dramatic drop in the fungal burden was noted in the vaginal lavage fluids taken on the 2nd day of the treatment from mice treated with itraconazole or flu- conazole group and the fungal burden on the 3rd day of the treatment in these mice were at a very low level, suggesting that fluconazole or itraconazole were highly effective for the treatment. How- ever, the difference in the therapeutic effect between the two drugs was not significant (P>0.05). Itraconazole or fluconazole, but not terbinafine, is very effective for the treatment of fungal vaginitis caused by C. albicans in mice.
