The absolute partial and total cross sections for electron impact ionization of carbon monoxide are reported for electron energies from 350 eV to 8000 eV.The product ions(CO^(+),C^(+),O^(+),CO^(2+),C^(2+),and O^(2+))a...The absolute partial and total cross sections for electron impact ionization of carbon monoxide are reported for electron energies from 350 eV to 8000 eV.The product ions(CO^(+),C^(+),O^(+),CO^(2+),C^(2+),and O^(2+))are measured by employing an ion imaging mass spectrometer and two ion-pair dissociation channels(C^(+)+O^(+)and C^(2+)+O^(+))are identified.The absolute cross sections for producing individual ions and their total,as well as for the ion-pair dissociation channels are obtained by normalizing the data of CO^(+)to that of Ar^(+)from CO-Ar mixture target with a fixed 1:1 ratio.The overall errors are evaluated by considering various kinds of uncertainties.A comprehensive comparison is made with the available data,which shows a good agreement with each other over the energy ranges that are overlapped.This work presents new cross-section data with electron energies above 1000 eV.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in mo...Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.展开更多
Mixed metal oxide(MMO) represents a critical class of materials that can allow for obtaining a dynamic interface between its components:reduced metal and its metal oxide counterpart during an electrocatalytic reaction...Mixed metal oxide(MMO) represents a critical class of materials that can allow for obtaining a dynamic interface between its components:reduced metal and its metal oxide counterpart during an electrocatalytic reaction.Here,a synthetic method utilizing a MOF-derived micro/mesoporous carbon as a template to prepare sub-2 nm MMO catalysts for CO_(2) electro reduction is reported.Starting from the zeolite imidazolate framework(ZIF-8),the pyrolyzed derivatives were used to synthesize sub-2 nm Pd-Ni MMO with different compositions.The Ni-rich(Pd_(20)-Ni_(80)/ZC) catalyst exhibits unexpectedly superior performance for CO production with an improved Faradaic efficiency(FE) of 95.3% at the current density of 200 mA cm^(-2) at-0.56 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) compared to other Pd-Ni compositions.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis confirms the presence of Ni^(2+) and Pd^(2+) in all compositions,demonstrating the presence of MMO.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation reveals that the lower CO binding energy on the surface of the Pd_(20)-Ni_(80) cluster eases CO desorption,thus increasing its production.This work provides a general synthetic strategy for MMO electrocatalysts and can pave a new way for screening multimetallic catalysts with a dynamic electrochemical interface.展开更多
Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respi...Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respiratory disorders in women at artisanal fish-smoking sites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women fish smokers at two artisanal fish-smoking sites in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive. An interview using a respiratory questionnaire inspired by the Union questionnaire, spirometry and carbon monoxide (CO) measurement were carried out. Descriptive analysis and comparison of means using Student’s t-test with a threshold of p = 0.05 were performed. Results: The median age of the 81 people surveyed was 40, with an interquartile range (IQT) of [25 to 75]. The median duration of daily exposure to smoke was 6 h IQT [4, 7]. Of those surveyed, 64 (79.01%) were illiterate and 39 (48.24%) had been working for 20 years. CO levels at the start of activity varied from 89 to 145 ppm in one case and from 40 to 89 ppm in the other. Respiratory symptoms were present in 19 (23.46%);18 (22.22%) had mild airway impairment on spirometry. There was a statistically significant decrease between the mean values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean expiratory volume in seconds (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after exposure to smoke. Conclusion: CO levels are high on fish smoking sites and respiratory problems are common. Improved working conditions are important for these women.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which recently spread throughout the entire world,is still a significant health issue.Additionally,the most common cause of risky poisoning in emergency services is carbon...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which recently spread throughout the entire world,is still a significant health issue.Additionally,the most common cause of risky poisoning in emergency services is carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Both disorders seem to merit more research as they have an impact on all bodily systems via the lungs.AIM To determine how arterial blood gas and carboxyhemoglobin(COHb)levels affect the clinical and prognostic results of individuals requiring emergency treatment who have both COVID-19 and CO poisoning.METHODS Between January 2018 and December 2021,479 CO-poisoning patients participated in this single-center,retrospective study.Patients were primarily divided into two groups for analysis:Pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.Additionally,the pandemic era was divided into categories based on the presence of COVID-19 and,if present,the clinical severity of the infection.The hospital information system was used to extract patient demographic,clinical,arterial blood gas,COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction,and other laboratory data.RESULTS The mean age of the 479 patients was 54.93±11.51 years,and 187(39%)were female.226(47%)patients were in the pandemic group and 143(30%)of them had a history of COVID-19.While the mean potential of hydrogen(pH)in arterial blood gas of all patients was 7.28±0.15,it was 7.35±0.10 in the pre-pandemic group and 7.05±0.16 in the severe group during the pandemic period(P<0.001).COHb was 23.98±4.19%in the outpatients and 45.26%±3.19%in the mortality group(P<0.001).Partial arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2)was 89.63±7.62 mmHg in the pre-pandemic group,and 79.50±7.18 mmHg in the severe group during the pandemic period(P<0.001).Despite the fact that mortality occurred in 35(7%)of all cases,pandemic cases accounted for 30 of these deaths(85.7%)(P<0.001).The association between COHb,troponin,lactate,partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide,HCO3,calcium,glucose,age,pH,PaO2,potassium,sodium,and base excess levels in the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups was statistically significant in univariate linear analysis.CONCLUSION Air exchange barrier disruption caused by COVID-19 may have pulmonary consequences.In patients with a history of pandemic COVID-19,clinical results and survival are considerably unfavorable in cases of CO poisoning.展开更多
This study will both compare and contrast the characteristics and roles of two pollutants: nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. It will begin by tracing each gas’ negative contributions to the Earth’s spheres, as w...This study will both compare and contrast the characteristics and roles of two pollutants: nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. It will begin by tracing each gas’ negative contributions to the Earth’s spheres, as well as relate any negative links that each plays concerning human activity, health, and interaction with the environment. It will include an in-depth analysis of what the proliferation of such toxic gases indicates about human production and causality, plus reflect on any current attempts being made to improve the effects of these pollutants on the environment. This examination will also inspect three NASA missions, i.e., MOPITT/Terra, AIRS/Aqua, and OMI/Aura, the aim of which, among many other tasks, is to detect pollutants within the Earth’s various spheres, as well as analyze weather anomalies, improve prediction methodology, and chronicle meteorological patterns for future study. It will also cover some of the goals, engineering breakthroughs, and in one case, the limitations, of these three satellite missions. Finally, it should be noted that in all stages of this discussion, the author’s main aim will be to focus on the positives that need to be implemented in order to improve the current situations that both anthropogenic and natural disasters have created for the planet.展开更多
Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) from 2 to 9 October 2019 was a major public health concern in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a transition from consumption of raw coal to upgraded briquette fuel. During the period, a tot...Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) from 2 to 9 October 2019 was a major public health concern in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a transition from consumption of raw coal to upgraded briquette fuel. During the period, a total of 186 residents, which is 16 times more than the previous years, were exposed to COP and 6 persons died at home. We conduct a cross-sectional study by using registration data and medical history of all hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COP from 2 to 9 October 2019 and had an in-depth interview. 144 (77.4%) people from 85 households registered as potential cases and 124 (86.1%) people were diagnosed with COP. All households used upgraded briquettes, and 41 households (48.2%) used them for the first time. In 50% of cases, the stove was broken, the chimney was short, not heated, and the clay joint connecting the wall stove was broken. The majority of interviewees were unaware of COP and improperly used briquettes, and the safety of chimneys and stoves was insufficient which caused unintentional COP. It is necessary to provide information to the local population about the potential risks of COP, install CO alarms in households, and educate the population. In further, a well-established poisoning surveillance system is an important aspect of public health emergency preparedness in Mongolia.展开更多
Introduction: Due to its severe toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning is an emergency that leads to cardiac and brain involvement, and emergency physicians should aim to master this diagnosis. This study is intended to ...Introduction: Due to its severe toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning is an emergency that leads to cardiac and brain involvement, and emergency physicians should aim to master this diagnosis. This study is intended to describe the expected prevalence of these severe toxicities in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients over 16 years of age presenting with carbon monoxide poisoning to the emergency department of the Hospital Universitario Austral, Argentina, during the period from January 2018 to June 2022. The prevalence of myocardial and brain toxicity was assessed regarding percentage, continuous variables with mean and standard deviation, categorical variables with percentage and absolute frequency. Positive findings of acute neurological toxicity included seizures, syncope and coma, while cardiovascular toxicity encompassed acute myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosed by electrocardiogram or elevated troponin levels, arrhythmias, and the development of pulmonary edema/ congestive heart failure (CHF) confirmed by chest X-ray with suggestive signs or clinically compatible symptoms. Patients were followed-up for 90 days to estimate hospitalization and mortality. Results: A total of 67 patients were evaluated;44.77% of them were males with a mean age of 38.5 ± 14.97 years. The prevalence of acute myocardial toxicity was 7.46% (n: 5). Among these patients, 3 had overweight as a risk factor, and 3 showed ECG abnormalities with negative T-waves. The prevalence of acute brain toxicity was 8.9% (n: 6). In total, 37% (n: 25) of patients met the criteria for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, of which 32% (n: 8) underwent more than one session. A total of 7.46% of patients (n: 5) required hospitalization. Mortality at 90 days was 0%. Conclusion: Among the patients who presented to the emergency department, the prevalence of acute myocardial toxicity was 7.46% (n: 5), which is lower than the prevalence reported in other studies to date. The prevalence of acute brain toxicity was 8.9% (n: 6), and there are no studies describing the prevalence of acute brain toxicity in the emergency department to date. There were no fatalities in our series.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO),as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways,is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in renal transplantation.CO-releasing molecule-2(CORM-2),a CO-releasing molecule,is a typ...Carbon monoxide(CO),as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways,is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in renal transplantation.CO-releasing molecule-2(CORM-2),a CO-releasing molecule,is a type of metal carbonyl complexes which can quickly release CO in vivo.In this study,an in vitro oxidative stress injury model was established to examine the effect of CORM-2 pretreatment on the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) in mouse primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells(RPTECs).Immunofluorescence staining showed that HMGB1 in the medium-and CORM-2-treated groups was predominantly localized in the nucleus of the cells,whereas higher amounts of HMGB1 translocated to the cytoplasm in the H2O2-and inactive CORM-2(i CORM-2)-treated groups.Western blotting of HMGB1 showed that the total amounts of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated(0.59±0.27) and i CORM-2-treated(0.57±0.22) groups were markedly higher than those in the medium-treated(0.19±0.05) and CORM-2-treated(0.21±0.10) groups(P<0.05).Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the levels of acetylated HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated(642.98±57.25) and i CORM-2-treated(342.11±131.25) groups were markedly increased as compared with the medium-treated(78.72±74.17) and CORM-2-treated(71.42±53.35) groups(P<0.05),and no significant difference was observed between the medium-treated and CORM-2-treated groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,our study demonstrated that in the in vitro oxidative stress injury model of primary RPTECs,CORM-2 can significantly inhibit the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1,which is probably associated with the prevention of HMGB1 acetylation.展开更多
Catalytic property of Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts on carbon monoxide(CO) oxidation at low temperature were investigated in this paper. Both the as-prepared and H2-pretreated Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts show catalytic performances on CO...Catalytic property of Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts on carbon monoxide(CO) oxidation at low temperature were investigated in this paper. Both the as-prepared and H2-pretreated Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts show catalytic performances on CO oxidation. The CO was completely converted at 333 K for the as-prepared sample,whereas at 313 K for H2-pretreated Pd/Fe2O3-573 catalyst. The catalytic performance of the Pd/Fe2O3 catalyst decreases with increased calcination temperature. This may be due to the increased crystallinity of the support and decreased metal-support interaction. Progressive deactivation of the catalysts during long-time reaction was associated with the formation of carbonates on the catalyst surface that inhibits CO activation or intermediate transformation.展开更多
Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided i...Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided into two parts that proceed in series.The first part represents a double-step reduction(Fe_(2)O_(3)→Fe_(3)O_(4)→FeO),in which the kinetic condition is more feasible compared with that in the second part representing a single-step reduction(FeO→Fe).The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the reduction rate gradually increases as the reaction proceeds.The average reduction rate of hematite ore with pure hydrogen is about three and four times higher than that with pure carbon monoxide at 1173 and 1373 K,respectively.In addition,the logarithm of the average rate is linear to the composition of the gas mixture.Hydrogen can prominently promote carbon deposition to about 30%at 1023 K.The apparent activation energy of the reduction stage increases from about 35.0 to 45.4 kJ/mol with the increase in hydrogen content from 20vol%to 100vol%.This finding reveals that the possible rate-controlling step at this stage is the combined gas diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of hospital admissions for carbon monoxide poisoning(COP)in Guangdong,China,from 2013 to 2020.Methods Data on...Objective This study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of hospital admissions for carbon monoxide poisoning(COP)in Guangdong,China,from 2013 to 2020.Methods Data on age-and sex-specific numbers of hospital admissions due to COP in Guangdong(2013-2020)were collected.Daily temperatures were downloaded through the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System.We analyzed temporal trends through time series decomposition and used spatial autocorrelation analysis to detect spatial clustering.The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to quantify the effects of temperature.Results There were 48,854 COP admissions over the study period.The sex ratio(male to female)was1:1.74.The concentration ratios(M)ranged from 0.73-0.82.The highest risk occurred in January(season index=3.59).Most cases were concentrated in the northern mountainous areas of Guangdong with high-high clustering.COP in the study region showed significant spatial autocorrelation,and the global Moran’s I value of average annual hospital admission rates for COP was 0.447(P<0.05).Low temperatures were associated with high hospital admission rates for COP,with a lag lasting 7 days.With a lag of 0 days,the effects of low temperatures[5th(12℃)]on COP were 2.24-3.81,as compared with the reference temperature[median(24℃)].Conclusion COP in Guangdong province showed significant temporal and spatial heterogeneity.Low temperature was associated with a high risk of COP,and the influence had a lag lasting 7 days.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning(COP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was to investigate the levels of serum paraoxonase(PON), arylesterase(ARYL), ceruloplasmin(Cp), and sul...BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning(COP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was to investigate the levels of serum paraoxonase(PON), arylesterase(ARYL), ceruloplasmin(Cp), and sulfhydryl(-SH) in the treatment of COP, and to further understand the pathophysiology of COP.METHODS: This prospective study comprised 107 individuals with COP(group 1) and 50 healthy volunteers(group 2). Serum, plasma, and erythrocyte samples were taken on admission from all participants with COP. This process was repeated in the 90 th and 180 th minutes of treatment. Samples were taken from the control group only once. The levels of plasma PON, ARYL, Cp activity and-SH were measured in both groups.RESULTS: Age, gender, and carboxyhemoglobin level were not correlated with PON, ARYL, Cp, and-SH levels. PON, ARYL, and-SH levels were signifi cantly decreased in group 1 compared with group 2. Conversely, Cp was signifi cantly elevated in group 1 in contrast to group 2. Although ARYL was lower on admission in patients with COP than that was observed in the 90 th and 180 th minutes(P<0.001), Cp was higher on admission than at the other time points(P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Participants with COP had decreased levels of antioxidants(PON, ARLY, and-SH). COP represses the antioxidant system.展开更多
Primary seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy that prevents germination for viable seeds in harsh environment,ensuring seeds germination under favorable condition.Accurately inducing seeds germination in a controllabl...Primary seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy that prevents germination for viable seeds in harsh environment,ensuring seeds germination under favorable condition.Accurately inducing seeds germination in a controllable manner is important for crop production.Thus searching the chemicals that efficiently breaks seed dormancy is valuable.DOG1 protein abundance in the freshly harvested seed is high,and its level is correlated to seed dormancy intensity,thus DOG1 is regarded as the timer to evaluate the seed dormancy degree.In this study,we found the carbon monoxide(CO)donor treatment,the transgenic line with high CO content,showed lower seed dormancy,while scavenging CO,or the mutant with lower CO level,presented strong primary seed dormancy,genetic analysis showed that DOG1 was targeted by CO signal and was prerequisite for CO-dependent seed dormancy release.Furthermore,we found CO signal activated the expression of ERF/AP2 transcriptional factor ERF12,as well as enhanced the binding of ERF12 to the promoter of DOG1,ultimately transcriptional silence of DOG1 expression to break primary seed dormancy.Meanwhile CO signal reduced the histone acetylation level at the chromatin of DOG1 locus to suppress its expression.Together,our results revealed that CO acts as the novel regulator to suppress DOG1 expression and efficiently break primary seed dormancy through activating the negative factor ERF12.展开更多
Subdural hematoma is often secondary to brain trauma and other diseases.The onset is hidden and the condition is critical.Timely detection and early treatment are particularly important.The patient denied a history of...Subdural hematoma is often secondary to brain trauma and other diseases.The onset is hidden and the condition is critical.Timely detection and early treatment are particularly important.The patient denied a history of trauma,but had a history of consciousness loss after charcoal burning.The clinical symptoms were progressive cognitive impairment.The initial diagnosis was delayed encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.However,computed tomography(CT)scan of the brain showed a large area of subdural hematoma on the left side and the formation of a cerebral hernia,which was life-threatening.The patienfs symptoms gradually improved after an emergency operation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Delayed neurological sequelae(DNS)caused by carbon monoxide(CO)intoxication poses considerable treatment challenges for clinical practitioners.In this report,we used nuclear medicine imaging and the Mini-Me...BACKGROUND Delayed neurological sequelae(DNS)caused by carbon monoxide(CO)intoxication poses considerable treatment challenges for clinical practitioners.In this report,we used nuclear medicine imaging and the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)to evaluate the effectiveness of intravascular laser irradiation of blood(ILIB)therapy for the management of DNS.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman presented to our medical center experiencing progressive bradykinesia,rigidity of limbs,gait disturbance,and cognitive impairment.Based on her neurological deficits,laboratory tests and imaging findings,the patient was diagnosed with delayed neurological sequelae of CO intoxication.She received intensive rehabilitation and ILIB therapy during 30 sessions over 2 mo after diagnosis.Brain single-photon emission computed tomography was performed both prior to and after ILIB therapy.The original hypoperfusion area in bilateral striata,bilateral frontal lobe,right parietal lobe,and bilateral cerebellum showed considerable improvement after completion of therapy.The patient’s MMSE score also increased markedly from 6/30 to 25/30.Symptoms of DNS became barely detectable,and the woman was able to carry out her daily living activities independently.CONCLUSION ILIB therapy could facilitate recovery from delayed neurological sequelae in patients with CO intoxication,as demonstrated by improved cerebral blood flow and functional outcomes in our patient.展开更多
There is a data gap in the relationship between chronic carbon monoxide intoxication and diabetes mellitus manifestation. This study aims to investigate if a cause-effect relationship exists using rabbits as a choice ...There is a data gap in the relationship between chronic carbon monoxide intoxication and diabetes mellitus manifestation. This study aims to investigate if a cause-effect relationship exists using rabbits as a choice animal model. A total of twenty rabbits were used for the study comprising equal age and weight-matched control and experimental groups. The experimental group was further divided into 10th day, 20th day and 30th CO intoxicated sub-groups. Vitreous and serum glucose, proteins, lipids, electrolytes and renal function parameters were measured using WHO-approved methods. One-way ANOVA (Post hoc-LSD) and Pearson correlational analysis were used for the data analysis. The result showed a progressive significant increase (p < 0.05) in concentrations of vitreous glucose, urea and creatinine in the experimental groups, while the concentrations of vitreous total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, globulins, sodium, potassium and pH decreased significantly. In the same vein, the concentrations of serum glucose, triglyceride, and sodium increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas concentrations of serum cholesterol, total proteins, globulins, potassium, and pH activity decreased significantly. Correlational relationships were also observed between glucose and some associated parameters in the vitreous humour and serum. In conclusion, some of the vitreous and serum biochemical parameters altered followed a similar predictive pattern and usual pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we found that chronic CO intoxication could be included amongst the environmental agents known to be a causative agent of diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from corn silage were observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and laser spectroscopy. In the first experiment, corn silage was produced using laboratory bucket silo...Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from corn silage were observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and laser spectroscopy. In the first experiment, corn silage was produced using laboratory bucket silos. Air samples were collected from the bucket silos during the first week of ensiling and analyzed using a low-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer coupled with a long optical path length White Cell. The CO concentration in the bucket silo gas, derived from the FTIR spectra using the LINEFIT program, was as high as 48.0 ppm. In the second experiment, air samples were collected through a flux chamber from an Ag-Bag silage pile on a commercial dairy that was opened several months after ensiling. The Ag-Bag air samples were analyzed using a high-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer, and CO concentrations were retrieved to be 6.83 ppm, corresponding to an area emission rate of 33.7 mg/(hour ·m<sup>2</sup>). An LGR N<sub>2</sub>O/CO gas analyzer based on infrared laser spectroscopy was also used to measure the CO concentrations from the same flux chamber. Elevated CO concentrations were observed from these silage sources. The present study revealed that CO was emitted by corn silage during different phases of ensiling. Annual CO emissions from the corn silage were estimated to be much lower than those from the well-known emission categories in San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and California, but comparable to those from food and agricultural sources in the SJV. It is also confirmed that FTIR spectroscopy is a viable method for measuring CO concentrations in complex gas mixtures, such as silage gas.展开更多
This article shows main principles and presents ideas described in the scientific and technical literature, on the mechanism of interaction of microwave radiation with a solid phase materials, which were used as a bas...This article shows main principles and presents ideas described in the scientific and technical literature, on the mechanism of interaction of microwave radiation with a solid phase materials, which were used as a basis of creation of new perspective, energy efficient and environmentally safe technologies of preparation of heterogeneous catalysts for the reactions which were carried out under the influence of electro-magnetic radiation of microwave radiation. Author’s research results confirm possibilities of practical use of proposed method of hydrothermal oxidation of industrial low-dispersing of aluminum powders with presence of bulk phase of Al(ОН)<sub>3</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O, with further thermal treatment in microwave field for acquisition of armored А1/А1<sub>2</sub>О3<sub>3</sub> compositions, which effectively consume energy of microwave radiation. Due to the textured characteristics and thermo-transforming ability, synthesized components can be used as potential universal bearings of catalysts for reactions stimulated by electromagnetic radiation of (2.45 GHz) microwave frequency.展开更多
The results of dispersion modeling of carbon monoxide are reported in this paper. The results of applying the technique of Rapid Assessment of Sources of Environmental Pollution (RASEP) database and the Air Monitoring...The results of dispersion modeling of carbon monoxide are reported in this paper. The results of applying the technique of Rapid Assessment of Sources of Environmental Pollution (RASEP) database and the Air Monitoring State System in the City of Puebla, México, were employed. Concentrations of carbon monoxide emitted by cars inferred by RASAP technique with those reported by the environmental monitoring station “Nymphs”, were compared. The date of 21 June 2005-2010 was selected during the peak hour traffic flow. The dispersion of carbon monoxide was modeled by software DISPER and SCRI software, in order to infer the exposure levels of carbon monoxide in the study area. The estimated and monitored concentrations were evaluated with the Mexican regulations for population’s health protection. Regarding the dispersion model, SCRI was discarded for the target validation because it only allows modeling on specific areas. Moreover, the modeling software allowed DISPER simulations with linear sources of car exhaust, so this advantage is considered appropriate to continue using this program. Both estimates obtained by RASEP, as modeled by DISPER and recorded by the monitoring system exceed the maximum permissible limits of NOM-021-SSA1-1993 getting an impermissible for the area of influence of the assessment monitoring station. The DISPER software has potential use for such evaluations, but more work is required on the system for their inferences can be validated by reproducible physical and chemical measurements.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFA1602502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12127804)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.XDB34000000)。
文摘The absolute partial and total cross sections for electron impact ionization of carbon monoxide are reported for electron energies from 350 eV to 8000 eV.The product ions(CO^(+),C^(+),O^(+),CO^(2+),C^(2+),and O^(2+))are measured by employing an ion imaging mass spectrometer and two ion-pair dissociation channels(C^(+)+O^(+)and C^(2+)+O^(+))are identified.The absolute cross sections for producing individual ions and their total,as well as for the ion-pair dissociation channels are obtained by normalizing the data of CO^(+)to that of Ar^(+)from CO-Ar mixture target with a fixed 1:1 ratio.The overall errors are evaluated by considering various kinds of uncertainties.A comprehensive comparison is made with the available data,which shows a good agreement with each other over the energy ranges that are overlapped.This work presents new cross-section data with electron energies above 1000 eV.
基金Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake,Grant Number HZHLAB2201.
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (RS-2023-00210114)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2021R1C1C1004264 and NRF2021R1A4A1032114)+1 种基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A4A1019296)supported by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2021M3D1A2051636)。
文摘Mixed metal oxide(MMO) represents a critical class of materials that can allow for obtaining a dynamic interface between its components:reduced metal and its metal oxide counterpart during an electrocatalytic reaction.Here,a synthetic method utilizing a MOF-derived micro/mesoporous carbon as a template to prepare sub-2 nm MMO catalysts for CO_(2) electro reduction is reported.Starting from the zeolite imidazolate framework(ZIF-8),the pyrolyzed derivatives were used to synthesize sub-2 nm Pd-Ni MMO with different compositions.The Ni-rich(Pd_(20)-Ni_(80)/ZC) catalyst exhibits unexpectedly superior performance for CO production with an improved Faradaic efficiency(FE) of 95.3% at the current density of 200 mA cm^(-2) at-0.56 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) compared to other Pd-Ni compositions.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis confirms the presence of Ni^(2+) and Pd^(2+) in all compositions,demonstrating the presence of MMO.Density functional theory(DFT) calculation reveals that the lower CO binding energy on the surface of the Pd_(20)-Ni_(80) cluster eases CO desorption,thus increasing its production.This work provides a general synthetic strategy for MMO electrocatalysts and can pave a new way for screening multimetallic catalysts with a dynamic electrochemical interface.
文摘Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respiratory disorders in women at artisanal fish-smoking sites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women fish smokers at two artisanal fish-smoking sites in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive. An interview using a respiratory questionnaire inspired by the Union questionnaire, spirometry and carbon monoxide (CO) measurement were carried out. Descriptive analysis and comparison of means using Student’s t-test with a threshold of p = 0.05 were performed. Results: The median age of the 81 people surveyed was 40, with an interquartile range (IQT) of [25 to 75]. The median duration of daily exposure to smoke was 6 h IQT [4, 7]. Of those surveyed, 64 (79.01%) were illiterate and 39 (48.24%) had been working for 20 years. CO levels at the start of activity varied from 89 to 145 ppm in one case and from 40 to 89 ppm in the other. Respiratory symptoms were present in 19 (23.46%);18 (22.22%) had mild airway impairment on spirometry. There was a statistically significant decrease between the mean values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean expiratory volume in seconds (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after exposure to smoke. Conclusion: CO levels are high on fish smoking sites and respiratory problems are common. Improved working conditions are important for these women.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which recently spread throughout the entire world,is still a significant health issue.Additionally,the most common cause of risky poisoning in emergency services is carbon monoxide(CO)poisoning.Both disorders seem to merit more research as they have an impact on all bodily systems via the lungs.AIM To determine how arterial blood gas and carboxyhemoglobin(COHb)levels affect the clinical and prognostic results of individuals requiring emergency treatment who have both COVID-19 and CO poisoning.METHODS Between January 2018 and December 2021,479 CO-poisoning patients participated in this single-center,retrospective study.Patients were primarily divided into two groups for analysis:Pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.Additionally,the pandemic era was divided into categories based on the presence of COVID-19 and,if present,the clinical severity of the infection.The hospital information system was used to extract patient demographic,clinical,arterial blood gas,COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction,and other laboratory data.RESULTS The mean age of the 479 patients was 54.93±11.51 years,and 187(39%)were female.226(47%)patients were in the pandemic group and 143(30%)of them had a history of COVID-19.While the mean potential of hydrogen(pH)in arterial blood gas of all patients was 7.28±0.15,it was 7.35±0.10 in the pre-pandemic group and 7.05±0.16 in the severe group during the pandemic period(P<0.001).COHb was 23.98±4.19%in the outpatients and 45.26%±3.19%in the mortality group(P<0.001).Partial arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2)was 89.63±7.62 mmHg in the pre-pandemic group,and 79.50±7.18 mmHg in the severe group during the pandemic period(P<0.001).Despite the fact that mortality occurred in 35(7%)of all cases,pandemic cases accounted for 30 of these deaths(85.7%)(P<0.001).The association between COHb,troponin,lactate,partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide,HCO3,calcium,glucose,age,pH,PaO2,potassium,sodium,and base excess levels in the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups was statistically significant in univariate linear analysis.CONCLUSION Air exchange barrier disruption caused by COVID-19 may have pulmonary consequences.In patients with a history of pandemic COVID-19,clinical results and survival are considerably unfavorable in cases of CO poisoning.
文摘This study will both compare and contrast the characteristics and roles of two pollutants: nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. It will begin by tracing each gas’ negative contributions to the Earth’s spheres, as well as relate any negative links that each plays concerning human activity, health, and interaction with the environment. It will include an in-depth analysis of what the proliferation of such toxic gases indicates about human production and causality, plus reflect on any current attempts being made to improve the effects of these pollutants on the environment. This examination will also inspect three NASA missions, i.e., MOPITT/Terra, AIRS/Aqua, and OMI/Aura, the aim of which, among many other tasks, is to detect pollutants within the Earth’s various spheres, as well as analyze weather anomalies, improve prediction methodology, and chronicle meteorological patterns for future study. It will also cover some of the goals, engineering breakthroughs, and in one case, the limitations, of these three satellite missions. Finally, it should be noted that in all stages of this discussion, the author’s main aim will be to focus on the positives that need to be implemented in order to improve the current situations that both anthropogenic and natural disasters have created for the planet.
文摘Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) from 2 to 9 October 2019 was a major public health concern in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, after a transition from consumption of raw coal to upgraded briquette fuel. During the period, a total of 186 residents, which is 16 times more than the previous years, were exposed to COP and 6 persons died at home. We conduct a cross-sectional study by using registration data and medical history of all hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COP from 2 to 9 October 2019 and had an in-depth interview. 144 (77.4%) people from 85 households registered as potential cases and 124 (86.1%) people were diagnosed with COP. All households used upgraded briquettes, and 41 households (48.2%) used them for the first time. In 50% of cases, the stove was broken, the chimney was short, not heated, and the clay joint connecting the wall stove was broken. The majority of interviewees were unaware of COP and improperly used briquettes, and the safety of chimneys and stoves was insufficient which caused unintentional COP. It is necessary to provide information to the local population about the potential risks of COP, install CO alarms in households, and educate the population. In further, a well-established poisoning surveillance system is an important aspect of public health emergency preparedness in Mongolia.
文摘Introduction: Due to its severe toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning is an emergency that leads to cardiac and brain involvement, and emergency physicians should aim to master this diagnosis. This study is intended to describe the expected prevalence of these severe toxicities in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients over 16 years of age presenting with carbon monoxide poisoning to the emergency department of the Hospital Universitario Austral, Argentina, during the period from January 2018 to June 2022. The prevalence of myocardial and brain toxicity was assessed regarding percentage, continuous variables with mean and standard deviation, categorical variables with percentage and absolute frequency. Positive findings of acute neurological toxicity included seizures, syncope and coma, while cardiovascular toxicity encompassed acute myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosed by electrocardiogram or elevated troponin levels, arrhythmias, and the development of pulmonary edema/ congestive heart failure (CHF) confirmed by chest X-ray with suggestive signs or clinically compatible symptoms. Patients were followed-up for 90 days to estimate hospitalization and mortality. Results: A total of 67 patients were evaluated;44.77% of them were males with a mean age of 38.5 ± 14.97 years. The prevalence of acute myocardial toxicity was 7.46% (n: 5). Among these patients, 3 had overweight as a risk factor, and 3 showed ECG abnormalities with negative T-waves. The prevalence of acute brain toxicity was 8.9% (n: 6). In total, 37% (n: 25) of patients met the criteria for hyperbaric oxygen therapy, of which 32% (n: 8) underwent more than one session. A total of 7.46% of patients (n: 5) required hospitalization. Mortality at 90 days was 0%. Conclusion: Among the patients who presented to the emergency department, the prevalence of acute myocardial toxicity was 7.46% (n: 5), which is lower than the prevalence reported in other studies to date. The prevalence of acute brain toxicity was 8.9% (n: 6), and there are no studies describing the prevalence of acute brain toxicity in the emergency department to date. There were no fatalities in our series.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300574)
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO),as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways,is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in renal transplantation.CO-releasing molecule-2(CORM-2),a CO-releasing molecule,is a type of metal carbonyl complexes which can quickly release CO in vivo.In this study,an in vitro oxidative stress injury model was established to examine the effect of CORM-2 pretreatment on the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1) in mouse primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells(RPTECs).Immunofluorescence staining showed that HMGB1 in the medium-and CORM-2-treated groups was predominantly localized in the nucleus of the cells,whereas higher amounts of HMGB1 translocated to the cytoplasm in the H2O2-and inactive CORM-2(i CORM-2)-treated groups.Western blotting of HMGB1 showed that the total amounts of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated(0.59±0.27) and i CORM-2-treated(0.57±0.22) groups were markedly higher than those in the medium-treated(0.19±0.05) and CORM-2-treated(0.21±0.10) groups(P<0.05).Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the levels of acetylated HMGB1 in the H2O2-treated(642.98±57.25) and i CORM-2-treated(342.11±131.25) groups were markedly increased as compared with the medium-treated(78.72±74.17) and CORM-2-treated(71.42±53.35) groups(P<0.05),and no significant difference was observed between the medium-treated and CORM-2-treated groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,our study demonstrated that in the in vitro oxidative stress injury model of primary RPTECs,CORM-2 can significantly inhibit the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1,which is probably associated with the prevention of HMGB1 acetylation.
基金financially supported by National Key Research Program of China (Grant number 2013CB933200)
文摘Catalytic property of Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts on carbon monoxide(CO) oxidation at low temperature were investigated in this paper. Both the as-prepared and H2-pretreated Pd/Fe2O3 catalysts show catalytic performances on CO oxidation. The CO was completely converted at 333 K for the as-prepared sample,whereas at 313 K for H2-pretreated Pd/Fe2O3-573 catalyst. The catalytic performance of the Pd/Fe2O3 catalyst decreases with increased calcination temperature. This may be due to the increased crystallinity of the support and decreased metal-support interaction. Progressive deactivation of the catalysts during long-time reaction was associated with the formation of carbonates on the catalyst surface that inhibits CO activation or intermediate transformation.
基金financial support provided by Tata Steel Limited and State Key Laboratory of A dvanced Metallurgy(USTB)。
文摘Iron ore powder was isothermally reduced at 1023-1373 Kwith hydrogen/carbon monoxide gas mixture(from 0vol%H_(2)/100vol%CO to 100vol%H_(2)/0vol%CO).Results indicated that the whole reduction process could be divided into two parts that proceed in series.The first part represents a double-step reduction(Fe_(2)O_(3)→Fe_(3)O_(4)→FeO),in which the kinetic condition is more feasible compared with that in the second part representing a single-step reduction(FeO→Fe).The influence of hydrogen partial pressure on the reduction rate gradually increases as the reaction proceeds.The average reduction rate of hematite ore with pure hydrogen is about three and four times higher than that with pure carbon monoxide at 1173 and 1373 K,respectively.In addition,the logarithm of the average rate is linear to the composition of the gas mixture.Hydrogen can prominently promote carbon deposition to about 30%at 1023 K.The apparent activation energy of the reduction stage increases from about 35.0 to 45.4 kJ/mol with the increase in hydrogen content from 20vol%to 100vol%.This finding reveals that the possible rate-controlling step at this stage is the combined gas diffusion and interfacial chemical reaction.
基金supported by National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chemical Poisoning Treatment base and Health Emergency Team Operation[131031109000160007]
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of hospital admissions for carbon monoxide poisoning(COP)in Guangdong,China,from 2013 to 2020.Methods Data on age-and sex-specific numbers of hospital admissions due to COP in Guangdong(2013-2020)were collected.Daily temperatures were downloaded through the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System.We analyzed temporal trends through time series decomposition and used spatial autocorrelation analysis to detect spatial clustering.The distributed lag nonlinear model was used to quantify the effects of temperature.Results There were 48,854 COP admissions over the study period.The sex ratio(male to female)was1:1.74.The concentration ratios(M)ranged from 0.73-0.82.The highest risk occurred in January(season index=3.59).Most cases were concentrated in the northern mountainous areas of Guangdong with high-high clustering.COP in the study region showed significant spatial autocorrelation,and the global Moran’s I value of average annual hospital admission rates for COP was 0.447(P<0.05).Low temperatures were associated with high hospital admission rates for COP,with a lag lasting 7 days.With a lag of 0 days,the effects of low temperatures[5th(12℃)]on COP were 2.24-3.81,as compared with the reference temperature[median(24℃)].Conclusion COP in Guangdong province showed significant temporal and spatial heterogeneity.Low temperature was associated with a high risk of COP,and the influence had a lag lasting 7 days.
文摘BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide poisoning(COP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was to investigate the levels of serum paraoxonase(PON), arylesterase(ARYL), ceruloplasmin(Cp), and sulfhydryl(-SH) in the treatment of COP, and to further understand the pathophysiology of COP.METHODS: This prospective study comprised 107 individuals with COP(group 1) and 50 healthy volunteers(group 2). Serum, plasma, and erythrocyte samples were taken on admission from all participants with COP. This process was repeated in the 90 th and 180 th minutes of treatment. Samples were taken from the control group only once. The levels of plasma PON, ARYL, Cp activity and-SH were measured in both groups.RESULTS: Age, gender, and carboxyhemoglobin level were not correlated with PON, ARYL, Cp, and-SH levels. PON, ARYL, and-SH levels were signifi cantly decreased in group 1 compared with group 2. Conversely, Cp was signifi cantly elevated in group 1 in contrast to group 2. Although ARYL was lower on admission in patients with COP than that was observed in the 90 th and 180 th minutes(P<0.001), Cp was higher on admission than at the other time points(P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Participants with COP had decreased levels of antioxidants(PON, ARLY, and-SH). COP represses the antioxidant system.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.31570279).
文摘Primary seed dormancy is an adaptive strategy that prevents germination for viable seeds in harsh environment,ensuring seeds germination under favorable condition.Accurately inducing seeds germination in a controllable manner is important for crop production.Thus searching the chemicals that efficiently breaks seed dormancy is valuable.DOG1 protein abundance in the freshly harvested seed is high,and its level is correlated to seed dormancy intensity,thus DOG1 is regarded as the timer to evaluate the seed dormancy degree.In this study,we found the carbon monoxide(CO)donor treatment,the transgenic line with high CO content,showed lower seed dormancy,while scavenging CO,or the mutant with lower CO level,presented strong primary seed dormancy,genetic analysis showed that DOG1 was targeted by CO signal and was prerequisite for CO-dependent seed dormancy release.Furthermore,we found CO signal activated the expression of ERF/AP2 transcriptional factor ERF12,as well as enhanced the binding of ERF12 to the promoter of DOG1,ultimately transcriptional silence of DOG1 expression to break primary seed dormancy.Meanwhile CO signal reduced the histone acetylation level at the chromatin of DOG1 locus to suppress its expression.Together,our results revealed that CO acts as the novel regulator to suppress DOG1 expression and efficiently break primary seed dormancy through activating the negative factor ERF12.
文摘Subdural hematoma is often secondary to brain trauma and other diseases.The onset is hidden and the condition is critical.Timely detection and early treatment are particularly important.The patient denied a history of trauma,but had a history of consciousness loss after charcoal burning.The clinical symptoms were progressive cognitive impairment.The initial diagnosis was delayed encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.However,computed tomography(CT)scan of the brain showed a large area of subdural hematoma on the left side and the formation of a cerebral hernia,which was life-threatening.The patienfs symptoms gradually improved after an emergency operation.
文摘BACKGROUND Delayed neurological sequelae(DNS)caused by carbon monoxide(CO)intoxication poses considerable treatment challenges for clinical practitioners.In this report,we used nuclear medicine imaging and the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)to evaluate the effectiveness of intravascular laser irradiation of blood(ILIB)therapy for the management of DNS.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old woman presented to our medical center experiencing progressive bradykinesia,rigidity of limbs,gait disturbance,and cognitive impairment.Based on her neurological deficits,laboratory tests and imaging findings,the patient was diagnosed with delayed neurological sequelae of CO intoxication.She received intensive rehabilitation and ILIB therapy during 30 sessions over 2 mo after diagnosis.Brain single-photon emission computed tomography was performed both prior to and after ILIB therapy.The original hypoperfusion area in bilateral striata,bilateral frontal lobe,right parietal lobe,and bilateral cerebellum showed considerable improvement after completion of therapy.The patient’s MMSE score also increased markedly from 6/30 to 25/30.Symptoms of DNS became barely detectable,and the woman was able to carry out her daily living activities independently.CONCLUSION ILIB therapy could facilitate recovery from delayed neurological sequelae in patients with CO intoxication,as demonstrated by improved cerebral blood flow and functional outcomes in our patient.
文摘There is a data gap in the relationship between chronic carbon monoxide intoxication and diabetes mellitus manifestation. This study aims to investigate if a cause-effect relationship exists using rabbits as a choice animal model. A total of twenty rabbits were used for the study comprising equal age and weight-matched control and experimental groups. The experimental group was further divided into 10th day, 20th day and 30th CO intoxicated sub-groups. Vitreous and serum glucose, proteins, lipids, electrolytes and renal function parameters were measured using WHO-approved methods. One-way ANOVA (Post hoc-LSD) and Pearson correlational analysis were used for the data analysis. The result showed a progressive significant increase (p < 0.05) in concentrations of vitreous glucose, urea and creatinine in the experimental groups, while the concentrations of vitreous total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, globulins, sodium, potassium and pH decreased significantly. In the same vein, the concentrations of serum glucose, triglyceride, and sodium increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas concentrations of serum cholesterol, total proteins, globulins, potassium, and pH activity decreased significantly. Correlational relationships were also observed between glucose and some associated parameters in the vitreous humour and serum. In conclusion, some of the vitreous and serum biochemical parameters altered followed a similar predictive pattern and usual pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we found that chronic CO intoxication could be included amongst the environmental agents known to be a causative agent of diabetes mellitus.
文摘Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from corn silage were observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and laser spectroscopy. In the first experiment, corn silage was produced using laboratory bucket silos. Air samples were collected from the bucket silos during the first week of ensiling and analyzed using a low-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer coupled with a long optical path length White Cell. The CO concentration in the bucket silo gas, derived from the FTIR spectra using the LINEFIT program, was as high as 48.0 ppm. In the second experiment, air samples were collected through a flux chamber from an Ag-Bag silage pile on a commercial dairy that was opened several months after ensiling. The Ag-Bag air samples were analyzed using a high-resolution Bruker FTIR spectrometer, and CO concentrations were retrieved to be 6.83 ppm, corresponding to an area emission rate of 33.7 mg/(hour ·m<sup>2</sup>). An LGR N<sub>2</sub>O/CO gas analyzer based on infrared laser spectroscopy was also used to measure the CO concentrations from the same flux chamber. Elevated CO concentrations were observed from these silage sources. The present study revealed that CO was emitted by corn silage during different phases of ensiling. Annual CO emissions from the corn silage were estimated to be much lower than those from the well-known emission categories in San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and California, but comparable to those from food and agricultural sources in the SJV. It is also confirmed that FTIR spectroscopy is a viable method for measuring CO concentrations in complex gas mixtures, such as silage gas.
文摘This article shows main principles and presents ideas described in the scientific and technical literature, on the mechanism of interaction of microwave radiation with a solid phase materials, which were used as a basis of creation of new perspective, energy efficient and environmentally safe technologies of preparation of heterogeneous catalysts for the reactions which were carried out under the influence of electro-magnetic radiation of microwave radiation. Author’s research results confirm possibilities of practical use of proposed method of hydrothermal oxidation of industrial low-dispersing of aluminum powders with presence of bulk phase of Al(ОН)<sub>3</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O, with further thermal treatment in microwave field for acquisition of armored А1/А1<sub>2</sub>О3<sub>3</sub> compositions, which effectively consume energy of microwave radiation. Due to the textured characteristics and thermo-transforming ability, synthesized components can be used as potential universal bearings of catalysts for reactions stimulated by electromagnetic radiation of (2.45 GHz) microwave frequency.
文摘The results of dispersion modeling of carbon monoxide are reported in this paper. The results of applying the technique of Rapid Assessment of Sources of Environmental Pollution (RASEP) database and the Air Monitoring State System in the City of Puebla, México, were employed. Concentrations of carbon monoxide emitted by cars inferred by RASAP technique with those reported by the environmental monitoring station “Nymphs”, were compared. The date of 21 June 2005-2010 was selected during the peak hour traffic flow. The dispersion of carbon monoxide was modeled by software DISPER and SCRI software, in order to infer the exposure levels of carbon monoxide in the study area. The estimated and monitored concentrations were evaluated with the Mexican regulations for population’s health protection. Regarding the dispersion model, SCRI was discarded for the target validation because it only allows modeling on specific areas. Moreover, the modeling software allowed DISPER simulations with linear sources of car exhaust, so this advantage is considered appropriate to continue using this program. Both estimates obtained by RASEP, as modeled by DISPER and recorded by the monitoring system exceed the maximum permissible limits of NOM-021-SSA1-1993 getting an impermissible for the area of influence of the assessment monitoring station. The DISPER software has potential use for such evaluations, but more work is required on the system for their inferences can be validated by reproducible physical and chemical measurements.
