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Animal models of cathartic colon 被引量:2
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作者 Yang-Yang Meng Qiao-Dong Li +5 位作者 Ya Feng Jie Liu En-Kang Wang Linda Zhong Qiao-Li Sun Jian-Ye Yuan 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2021年第6期1251-1258,共8页
The incidence of cathartic colon has been increasing,but satisfactory treatments are still lacking.In order to study the pathological mechanisms of the disorder and identify effective treatment methods,researchers hav... The incidence of cathartic colon has been increasing,but satisfactory treatments are still lacking.In order to study the pathological mechanisms of the disorder and identify effective treatment methods,researchers have established different animal models of cathartic colon.This minireview briefly summarizes several common cathartic colon animal models,induced with anthraquinone laxatives such as rhubarb,total anthraquinone,rhein,and emodin,or induced with diphenylmethane laxatives such as phenolphthalein.The advantages and limitations of these models are evaluated and analyzed.We hope that this review will facilitate the selection of suitable models and improve relevant modeling methods.We anticipate the development of more convenient and stable models that can reflect the characteristics of cathartic colon in humans,and serve as useful tools for further studies. 展开更多
关键词 cathartic colon Animal model LAXATIVE ANTHRAQUINONES DIPHENYLMETHANE CONSTIPATION
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Changes of mu and kappa opioid receptors in cathartic colon of rat
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作者 刘宝华 莫平 +2 位作者 贾后军 李春穴 张胜本 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2004年第5期282-284,共3页
Objective: To observe the changes of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat, and to clarify that whether opioid receptors accounts for the occurrence of slow transit constipation (STC). Methods: T... Objective: To observe the changes of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat, and to clarify that whether opioid receptors accounts for the occurrence of slow transit constipation (STC). Methods: The cathartic colon model of rat was made by feeding with laxatives. The activity of mu and kappa opioid receptors in the cathartic colon of rat was measured by radio-ligand binding assay. Results: Compared with the control group, the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity(Kd) of mu opioid receptor in cathartic colon group were significantly increased (207.00±22.90 fmol/mg·p vs 82.00±14.23 fmol/mg·p, P < 0.01;3.30±0.45 mmol/L vs 2.40±0.57 mmol/L,P < 0.05). The maximal binding capacity of kappa opioid receptor also showed a great increase (957.00±102.41 fmol/mg·p vs 459.00±52.41 fmol/mg·p, P<0.01), but no significant difference of affinity was found between the two groups. Conclusion: The mu and kappa opioid receptors may be involved in the functional disorders of cathartic colon. 展开更多
关键词 cathartic colon mu opioid receptor kappa opioid receptor
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The mechanisms of color production in black skin versus red skin on the heads of New World vultures
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作者 Nicholas M.Justyn Matthew J.Powers +3 位作者 Geoffrey E.Hill Kayla Alexander Adrián Naveda-Rodríguez Scott A.Rush 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期86-92,共7页
A determination of how the color of animal integument is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of coloration.The mechanisms that give rise to the color of bare skin of New Wor... A determination of how the color of animal integument is produced is a starting point for investigations into the function and evolution of coloration.The mechanisms that give rise to the color of bare skin of New World vultures are largely unexplored.Here,we investigate the source of color production in the bare skin of Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)and Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus).Using UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy,we found evidence that hemoglobin is the primary pigment responsible for the red coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Turkey Vultures,and that eumelanin is responsible for the black coloration of the bare skin on the heads of Black Vultures.Light microscopy of incisional skin samples further supported these mechanisms of color production by revealing the presence of numerous blood vessels near the surface of the Turkey Vulture skin,and a high concentration of melanosomes in the skin of Black Vultures.Using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),we detected carotenoids within the skin of both species with significantly higher total concentrations of carotenoids in the skin of Turkey Vultures compared to the skin of Black Vultures.The carotenoids detected were dietary carotenoids that typically produce yellow coloration when accumulated in integument and were present in low concentrations.We hypothesize that the dietary carotenoids present do not contribute to the color of the skin,but rather help to compensate for the lack of melanosomes found in Turkey Vulture skin.The presence of additional carotenoids may act as an antioxidant to minimize UV damage when the bare Turkey Vulture head skin is exposed to direct sunlight for prolonged periods of time when soaring and scavenging for food. 展开更多
关键词 Carotenoids Cathartes aura Coragyps atratus HEMOGLOBIN High performance liquid chromatography MELANOSOMES Skin biopsies
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生大黄与酒炙大黄不同溶剂提取液中游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌的含量比较 被引量:12
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作者 孟兆青 杨中林 《中成药》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第1期49-51,共3页
目的通过大黄不同炮制品的水煎液和甲醇提取液中结合蒽醌类化合物的含量比较研究,探索酒炙大黄泻下力缓与结合蒽醌含量的关系。方法采用分光光度法分别测定不同炮制品水煎液、甲醇提取液中游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌的含量。结果水煎液中,游离... 目的通过大黄不同炮制品的水煎液和甲醇提取液中结合蒽醌类化合物的含量比较研究,探索酒炙大黄泻下力缓与结合蒽醌含量的关系。方法采用分光光度法分别测定不同炮制品水煎液、甲醇提取液中游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌的含量。结果水煎液中,游离蒽醌生品与炮制品相差不大,但是结合蒽醌酒炙品比生品高的多;而甲醇提取液中,生品的游离蒽醌、结合蒽醌均较酒炙品高。结论临床汤方,多为水煎,用结合蒽醌含量减少来解释酒炙大黄缓泻作用可能并不完全,酒炙大黄缓泻的真正原因可能需要从多个层次上进行探讨。 展开更多
关键词 大黄 不同炮制品 蒽醌类化合物 泻下理论
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What is the best strategy for successful bowel preparation under special conditions? 被引量:7
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作者 Yun Jeong Lim Su Jin Hong 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第11期2741-2745,共5页
Adequate bowel preparation is important for successful colonoscopic examination. Several effective colonic cleansing agents are available and routinely prescribed, but each carries its own limitations and benefits fro... Adequate bowel preparation is important for successful colonoscopic examination. Several effective colonic cleansing agents are available and routinely prescribed, but each carries its own limitations and benefits from particular dosing regimens. The most frequently prescribed colonic cleansing agent, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) cathartic solution, suffers from low patient compliance in general, due to its unpalatable taste and smell coupled with the large ingested volumes required. However, PEG is preferred over other cathartics for use in individuals of advanced age, sufferers of chronic kidney disease, heart failure and inflammatory bowel disease, and women who are pregnant or lactating. The laxative agents sodium phosphate (NaP) and sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate have been applied and have improved patient compliance and tolerance. NaP, however, should be avoided in individuals with impaired renal function or plasma clearance, such as those with chronic kidney disease, who are taking drugs that affect renal function, or who suffer from heart failure. Other special conditions that may affect an individual&#x02019;s tolerance of the cathartic agent or ability to complete the administration routine include stroke, severe constipation, hematochezia, suspicious lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and mental disorders such as dementia. All ingestible bowel preparation solutions can be instilled into the stomach and duodenum through nasogastric tube or esophagogastroduodenoscope with the aid of a water irrigation pump for patients with difficulties swallowing or ingesting the large volumes of fluid required. In addition, dietary regimens based on clear liquids and low-residue foods for 1-4 d prior to the colonoscopy may be supplemental bowel preparation strategies. Achieving an effective and safe cleansing of the bowel is important for successful colonoscopy in all patients, so full knowledge of the individual&#x02019;s condition and capabilities is necessary to select the most appropriate colonic cleansing agent and delivery regimen. 展开更多
关键词 COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION Polyethylene glycols Special conditions cathartic agent
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Adjuncts to colonic cleansing before colonoscopy 被引量:3
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作者 Sanghoon Park Yun Jeong Lim 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第11期2735-2740,共6页
Pre-procedural cleansing of the bowel can maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of colonoscopy.Yet,efficacy of the current gold standard colonic preparation method-high-volume oral administration of purgative agen... Pre-procedural cleansing of the bowel can maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of colonoscopy.Yet,efficacy of the current gold standard colonic preparation method-high-volume oral administration of purgative agents 12-24 h prior to the procedure-is limited by several factors,such as patient compliance(due to poor palatability and inconvenience of the dosing regimen)and risks of complications(due to drug interactions or intolerance).Attempts to resolve these limitations have included providing adjunctive agents and methods to promote the colonic cleansing ability of the principal purgative agent,with the aim of lessening unpleasant side effects(such as bloating)and reducing the large ingested volume requirement.Several promising adjunctive agents are bisacodyl,magnesium citrate,senna,simethicone,metoclopramide,and prokinetics,and each are being investigated for their potential.This review provides an up to date summary of the reported investigations into the potencies and weaknesses of the key adjuncts currently being applied in clinic as supplements to the traditional bowel preparation agents.While the comparative analysis ofthese adjuncts showed that no single agent or method has yet achieved the goal of completely overcoming the limitations of the current gold standard preparation method,they at least provide endoscopists with an array of alternatives to help improve the suboptimal efficacy of the main cleansing solutions when used alone.To aid in this clinical endeavor,a subjective grade was assigned to each adjunct to indicate its practical value.In addition,the systematic review of the currently available agents and methods provides insight into the features of each that may be overcome or exploited to create novel drugs and strategies that may become adopted as effective bowel cleansing adjuncts or alternatives. 展开更多
关键词 COLONOSCOPY cathartics Adjuncts Purgative agents Bowel preparation
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Effects of Single Administered Bofutsushosan-Composed Crude Drugs on Diabetic Serum Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice 被引量:2
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作者 Qing Yu Tatsuo Takahashi +3 位作者 Masaaki Nomura Mai Yasuda Kyoko Obatake-Ikeda Shinjiro Kobayashi 《Chinese Medicine》 2013年第1期24-31,共8页
The 18 crude drugs in Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) are separated into 6 groups such as diaphoretic, cathartic, antidote, antipyretic, neutralizer and diuretic groups. The effects o... The 18 crude drugs in Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) are separated into 6 groups such as diaphoretic, cathartic, antidote, antipyretic, neutralizer and diuretic groups. The effects of single administered BOF and composed crude drugs in 6 groups were investigated on the levels of diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The anti-hyperglycemic action of BOF was depended on Ephedrae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix and Schizonepetae Spica in diaphoretic group, Forsythiae Fructus, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Schizonepetae Spica and Cnidii Rhizoma in antidote group, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and Gypsum Fibrosum in antipyretic group and Paeoniae Radix in neutralizer group. In these crude drugs, Ephedrae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Schizonepetae Spica, Forsythiae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Gypsum Fibrosum and Paeoniae Radix increased serum insulin level, but Cnidii Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus did not affect serum insulin level. From these results, it suggested that anti-hyperglycemic action of BOF was through insulin-dependent and insulin independent manners. The lowering effect of BOF on serum triglyceride level was dependent on actions of Platycodi Radix in antidote and diuretic groups and Gardeniae Fructus in antipyretic group. The lowering effect of Gardeniae Fructus was parallel with its anti-hyperglycemic action. The lowering effect of BOF on high serum triglyceride level also included both direct action and indirect action. The reducing effect of BOF on serum cholesterol level was observed together with the actions of Ephedrae Herba and Zingiberis Rhizoma in diaphoretic group, Schizonepetae Spica in diaphoretic and antidote groups and Paeoniae Radix in neutralizer group. The lowering effects of Ephedrae Herba, Schizonepetae Spica and Paeoniae Radix on serum cholesterol level were parallel with their anti-hyperglycemic actions. Zingiberis Rhizoma in diaphoretic group might be direct reducing effect on serum cholesterol level but no serum glucose level. The Ephedrae Herba in diaphoretic group, Schizonepetae Spica in diaphoretic and antidote groups and Paeoniae Radix in neutralizer group might have reduced serum cholesterol level by reducing blood glucose level. From these results, composed crude drugs in 6 groups show various mechanisms in the action of BOF. 展开更多
关键词 Bofutsushosan (BOF) 6 GROUPS in BOF (Diaphoretic cathartic Antidote Antipyretic Neutralizer and Diuretic Groups) Streptozotocin (STZ) DIABETIC SERUM PARAMETERS ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIA Anti-Hyperlipidemia
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