Flavonoids were the most important secondary metabolites in celery （Apium graveolens L.）.In this study,the flavonoid （apigenin and luteolin） contents of leaves and petioles in 44 Chinese celery varieties,an Americ...Flavonoids were the most important secondary metabolites in celery （Apium graveolens L.）.In this study,the flavonoid （apigenin and luteolin） contents of leaves and petioles in 44 Chinese celery varieties,an American celery variety ‘Ventura＇ and an European celery variety ‘Princer＇ were assayed by reversed-phase high-perfor mance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）.The results showed that significant differences in the apigenin and luteolin contents of the leaves and petioles were found among 46 celery varieties,and the variation coefficients of leaf apigenin content,leaf luteolin content,leaf flavonoid content,petiole apigenin content,petiole luteolin content and petiole flavonoid content were 30％,10％,30％,20％,30％ and 20％,respectively.There was no correlation between the leaf flavonoid content and petiole flavonoid content.The apigenin content was about 18 to 50 times of luteolin in celery leaf and about 19 to 40 times of luteolin in celery petiole.The flavonoids in most of the Chinese celery varieties were higher than in ‘Ventura＇ and ‘Princer＇.The flavonoid contents of Chinese celery varieties from the Yangtze Valley and southern China were higher than those from northern China.Our results suggested that Chinese celery varieties with high petiole apigenin contents could be used for vegetable breeding because the petiole was the main edible part,and Chinese celery varieties with high leaf apigenin contents could be used for apigenin production.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on water consumption and water use efficiency of celery under the condition of drip irrigation, so as to provide a scientific basis for high-...This study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on water consumption and water use efficiency of celery under the condition of drip irrigation, so as to provide a scientific basis for high-yielding, high-quality and highefficiency cultivation and water-saving irrigation of greenhouse celery. Total five irrigation amounts were designed, 117.5 （T1）, 160.0 （T2）, 202.5 （T3）, 245.0 （T4） and 287.5 （CK） mm/hm2, and the effects of different irrigation amounts on yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of celery were studied by plot experiment. The results showed that at the soil depth of 0-40 cm, the soil water storages of different treatments ranked as T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s, and the celery water consumptions ranked as CK＇s〉T4＇s〉T3＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s. At the same time, the soil water storage in different treatment group declined with the growth of celery, and finally increased at the harvest period. Among different irrigation amounts, the water use effi- ciency and irrigation water use efficiency all ranked as T1＇s〉T2＇s〉T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s. The water consumption of celery was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈 0.01）, and was negatively related to water use efficiency （P〈0.01） and irrigation water use efficiency （P〈0.05）. When the irrigation amount was below 253 mm/hm2, the celery yield was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈0.01）. There was also a positive correlation between celery output and irrigation amount. Compared with those of CK, the benefit of the T4 treatment group was equal, and the water consumption was reduced by 14.78%. In high-efficiency solar greenhouse, the irrigation amount of drip-irrigated celery is recommended as 245 mm/hm2.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data dur...[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data during crop growth period in 3 automatic weather stations along Huluhe Basin were carried out regression analysis, and the climate condition of west celery industrial belt was conducted hierarchical clustering analysis by SPSS. [Result] West celery industrial belt along Huluhe Basin could be divided into 2 growing regions： partially southern warm, rainy and early mature region, partially northern cold, rainless and late mature region. Years of practice proved that the small climate differences within 2 planting regions were more obvious, so these 2 planting regions could be further divided into 4 subre- glens： Xinglong warm, rainy and early mature subregion, Xiaohe thermal, rainy and partially early mature region, Jiqiang cool, rainless and middle mature subregion and Xinying cold, rainless and late mature subregion. [Conclusion] The study has refer- ence value for determination of different sowing time, different fertilizer and irrigation scheme, pests and diseased control and marketing time of west celery under mulch- sanded bunch plantation in market economic condition.展开更多
Pectobacterium carotovorum is the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in a wide range of vegetable host species.Once P.carotovorum infects the plant,the spread of the disease is difficult to control.In this study,a rap...Pectobacterium carotovorum is the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in a wide range of vegetable host species.Once P.carotovorum infects the plant,the spread of the disease is difficult to control.In this study,a rapid and sensitive method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)was developed for detecting P.carotovorum in celery with soft rot using a primer set designed from the pmrA conserved sequence of P.carotovorum.The specificity of the LAMP primer set for P.carotovorum was extensively validated on both P.carotovorum strains and nontarget strains.The sensitivity was 1 pg of P.carotovorum genomic DNA,which demonstrated 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay.LAMP was also used to detect P.carotovorum in bacterial suspension.The lowest detection concentration was 104 CFU·mL^−1.In addition,a LAMP assay,in conjunction with a crude DNA extraction method,was successfully performed on P.carotovorum-infected samples derived from both artificially and naturally infected plants.In summary,the LAMP assay established in this study constitutes a simple,sensitive,and rapid method for the detection of P.carotovorum,and has potential application in the control of celery soft rot disease through early detection.展开更多
In this study, forty celery cultivars introduced from different regions of China were used as experimental materials to verify and analyze the practicability of RAPD technology in the identification of celery cuhivars...In this study, forty celery cultivars introduced from different regions of China were used as experimental materials to verify and analyze the practicability of RAPD technology in the identification of celery cuhivars. The results showed that RAPD technology could distinguish accurately the genetic relationship among various celery cultivars as a simple and ideal DNA molecular marker technology suitable for genetic relationship analysis. To be specific, 13 RAPD primers with clear amplified bands and significantly different number of amplified bands were screened, which provided basis for the identification of genetic relationship among different celery cultivars.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze and conclude highlights of meteorolog- ical services for agriculture with the case of Celery industry belts in regions of Hulu River. [Method] In the research, a regression equation ...[Objective] The aim was to analyze and conclude highlights of meteorolog- ical services for agriculture with the case of Celery industry belts in regions of Hulu River. [Method] In the research, a regression equation of celery growth and meteoro- logical factors was established, and meteorological indices of celery in growth period, meteorological disaster indices and highlights of meteorological service for farmers were analyzed in terms of meteorology based on observation of biomass, growth period, and information in national basic stations and automatic stations in regions of Hulu River. [Result] The sowing period and germination period of celery were more significantly influenced by lower temperature of spring in northern area, compared with southern area, hence, celery plants in northern area should be sown later. The suitable germination stage differed about ten days in the four regions from south to north from middle Apdl to middle May. In common climate, the regions in south of Xiao River are not suitable to grow celery under influence of higher temperature at 26 ℃. Hence, celery industry belts should be moved to the north along Hulu River. During growth period of outer leaf, however, celery were less influenced by hail. [Conclusion] The research lays foundation for meteorological service for agriculture.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ＇absorption and distribution by celeo, and the changes of soil nutrients in the 0 -40 cm soil layer u...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ＇absorption and distribution by celeo, and the changes of soil nutrients in the 0 -40 cm soil layer under drip irrigation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for nutrient management of greenhouse celery culti- vation and special fertilizer development. With celery as an experiment material and the ratio of conventional fertilization as control treatment, the effects of different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nutrient absorption by celery and changes of soil nutrients were investigated by plot experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that the contents and distribution proportions of N and P in leaf were higher than those in stem, while for K, the content and distribution proportion were higher in stem than in leaf. The absorption amount of K was the highest in celery, followed by N, and the absorption amount of P element was the least. The mean ratio of N, P and K in celery was 1：0.556： 1.609. There were evident dynamic changes in contents of soil available nutrients in the 0 -20 cm soil layer in various growth stages of celery under different drip irrigation fertilizers. The contents of soil available nutrients were higher on the 28＇h , 47~ and 83＇h d ＂after fieht planting, while those before field planting and after harvest were lower. So the amounts of soil available nutrients were closely related to the growth stage of celery. In the whole growth period of celery, the mean input amounts of N, P205 and K20 were 805, 1 049 and 916 kg/hm2 , respectively, but the absorption amounts of nutrients by celery were far less than inputs, and the amounts of N, P205 and K20 absorbed by celery＂ were only 23% -26% , 10% and 31% -35% of the appli- cation amounts, respectively. The apparent balance of N, P2 O5 and Kz O were 613,943 and 609 kg/hm2 , respectively, indicating excess fertilization in this experi- ment. Under this experiment condition, Tj （ N： PzOs： K20 = 1 ： 0.63： 1.08） favored increase of celery yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and petassium by celery. The results will provide a scientific basis for study and utilization of special fertilizer for drip irrigation on celery. Key words Drip irrigation; Fertilizer for drip irrigation; Celery; Soil nutrient; Apparent balance展开更多
By using climate data in national stations in Xiji County,Ningxia during 1981 and 2020,a regression analysis was carried out on weather data in crop growth season in three automatic weather stations in Hulu River Vall...By using climate data in national stations in Xiji County,Ningxia during 1981 and 2020,a regression analysis was carried out on weather data in crop growth season in three automatic weather stations in Hulu River Valley. The results showed that celery belts of Hulu River Valley was divided into two groups: early-maturing region of south Xinglong-Xiaohe where is warm and rainy,serotinous region of north Jiqiang-Xinying where is warm and cold and rainless. Four subregions: Xinlong,Xiaohe,Jiqiang,Xinying. Each sub-region was divided into five regions according to climate layer and observation in growth season: temperature accumulating planting period,low temperature seedling period,suitable temperature for external leaf growth stage,high-temperature for celery mulching-sanded plantation in different sowing periods, water and fertilizer,insect prevention,time to market sales.展开更多
Compared with conventional full irrigation,the existing water-saving irrigation method achieves the purpose of water saving by actively controlling soil moisture.High-frequency irrigation can make the ideal conditions...Compared with conventional full irrigation,the existing water-saving irrigation method achieves the purpose of water saving by actively controlling soil moisture.High-frequency irrigation can make the ideal conditions for soil water movement and root absorption of water and nutrients.This research used a plot experiment in a greenhouse and set up different fertilization amounts and frequencies during the growth stage to study the effects of small-amount and continuous subsurface drip irrigation on the dry matter,yield,and quality of tomato and celery.The results showed that the frequency of topdressing had a great influence on the dry matter accumulation of tomatoes,and the amount of topdressing had little effect on the fresh weight of the upper part of a tomato plant.The application of high-frequency fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in the underground part of the tomato.Under the premise given amount of total fertilization,the growth rate and yield of tomatoes were positively correlated with the amount of topdressing.The optimum fertilization frequency was 1 time during the first fruit stage,3 times for the second fruit stage,and 5 times for the third fruit stage,the yield during the fourth stage was increased with higher frequency,and the topdressing was started ahead of the fourth fruit stage when the diameter of fruit was 40 mm.The lower fertilization frequency during the early stage and higher fertilization frequency during the later stage can increase the yield of celery.The higher ratio of topdressing,the higher frequency during the early growth stage,and the lower frequency during the later stage can achieve the best quality of celery.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of Chin...A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.展开更多
To determine the effects of different kinds of nitrogen fertilizer,especially high-efficiency slowrelease fertilizers,on soil pH,nitrogen(N)and microbial community structures in an acidic celery soil,four treatments(C...To determine the effects of different kinds of nitrogen fertilizer,especially high-efficiency slowrelease fertilizers,on soil pH,nitrogen(N)and microbial community structures in an acidic celery soil,four treatments(CK,no N fertilizer;NR,urea;PE,calcium cyanamide fertilizer;and SK,controlled-release N fertilizer)were applied,and soil pH,total soil N,inorganic N,and soil microbial biomass C were analyzed.Phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)were extracted and detected using the MIDI Sherlock microbial identification system.The PE treatment significantly improved soil pH,from 4.80 to>6.00,during the whole growth period of the celery,and resulted in the highest celery yield among the four treatments.After 14 d application of calcium cyanamide,the soil nitrate content significantly decreased,but the ammonium content significantly increased.The PE treatment also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C during the whole celery growth period.Canonical variate analysis of the PLFA data indicated that the soil microbial community structure in the CK treatment was significantly different from those in the N applied treatments after 49 d fertilization.However,there was a significant difference(P<0.05)in soil microbial community structure between the PE treatment and the other three treatments at the end of the experiment.Calcium cyanamide is a good choice for farmers to use on acidic celery land because it supplies sufficient N,and increases soil pH,microbial biomass and the yield of celery.展开更多
Thiophonate-methyl(TPM) is one of fungicides and pesticides widely used in agriculture field.However,the residue of its benzimidazole(BZD) metabolites in related agricultural products poses a potential risk to consume...Thiophonate-methyl(TPM) is one of fungicides and pesticides widely used in agriculture field.However,the residue of its benzimidazole(BZD) metabolites in related agricultural products poses a potential risk to consumers.In this paper,nickel oxide nanoparticle-deposited silica(SiO_2@NiO) composite was used for the selective enrichment and purification of TPM's BZD metabolites in celery cabbage sprayed with TPM.Meanwhile,high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with precursor ion scan-mass spectrometry(HPLC-PIS-MS) and high-resolution MS/MS analysis(HR-MS/MS) was utilized for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.Twenty-one potential TPM's BZD metabolites were found and four of them were identified.One metabolite was discovered for the first time.Besides,a robust and sensitive quantitative method was developed with good linearities(R^2> 0.9972) within a wide range of 10.00-1000 ng/g.The detection limits of three known TPM's metabolites were within the range of 3.20-4.90 ng/g.Relative standard deviations(RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 18.3%,which showed perfect reproducibility.The method was successfully applied to monitoring TPM's BZD metabolites in celery cabbage sprayed with TPM and the concentration versus time curves of TPM's metabolites in celery cabbage were plotted.This method is expected to be used to monitor BZD residues in various fruits and vegetables.展开更多
Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health.Plants of celery(Apium graveolens L.)with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution.However,the composition...Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health.Plants of celery(Apium graveolens L.)with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution.However,the composition,content distribution,and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive.Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS),1159 metabolites,including 100 lipids,72 organic acids and derivatives,83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides,and several alkaloids and terpenoids,were quantified in four celery cultivars,each with a different petiole color.There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles,with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery,followed by white celery and green celery.Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin,flavonoid,and chlorophyll pathways,suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery.The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars,yellow celery was rich in carotenoids,and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars.The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites.Among the four celery cultivars,the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery.The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase(CHS)gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery.In addition,HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery.This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation.The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.展开更多
A pot experiment and a sandy culture experiment grown with three vegetable crops of Chinese cabbage ( B. chinensis L., cv. Zao\|Shu 5), winter greens ( B.var.rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv. Shang\|Hai\|Qing) and cele...A pot experiment and a sandy culture experiment grown with three vegetable crops of Chinese cabbage ( B. chinensis L., cv. Zao\|Shu 5), winter greens ( B.var.rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv. Shang\|Hai\|Qing) and celery ( A.graveolens L. var. dulce DC., cv. Qing\|Qin) were conducted, respectively. The initial soil and four incubated soils with different extractable Cd (0.15, 0.89, 1.38, 1.84 and 2.30 mg Cd/kg soil) were used for the pot experiment. Five treatments were designed (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 mg Cd/L) in nutrient solution in the sandy culture experiment. Each treatment in pot and sandy culture experiments was trireplicated. The objectives of the study were to examine Cd accumulation in edible parts of selected vegetable crops, its correlation with Cd concentrations in vegetable garden soil or in nutrient solution, and evaluate the criteria of Cd pollution in vegetable garden soil and in nutrient solution based on the hygienic limit of Cd in vegetables. Cadmium concentrations in edible parts of the three selected vegetable crops were as follows: 0.01—0.15 mg/kg fresh weight for Chinese cabbage, 0.02—0.17 mg/kg fresh weight for winter greens, and 0.02—0.24 mg/kg fresh weight for celery in the pot experiment, and 0.1—0.4 mg/kg fresh weight for Chinese cabbage, 0.1—1.4 mg/kg fresh weight for winter greens, and 0.05—0.5 mg/kg fresh weight for celery in the pot experiment(except no\|Cd treatment). The order of the three test vegetable crops for cadmium accumulation in the edible parts was celery>winter greens>Chinese cabbage in both the pot experiment and the sandy culture experiment. Cadmium accumulation in edible parts or roots of the vegetable crops increased with increasing of cadmium concentration in the medium(soil or nutrient solution). And cadmium concentrations in edible parts of the test vegetable crops were significantly linearly related to the Cd levels in the growth media (soil and nutrient solution). Based on the regression equations established and the limit of cadmium concentration in vegetable products, the thresholds of Cd concentration in the growth medium evaluated was as follows: 0.5 mg/kg soil of extractable Cd for soil and 0.02 mg /L for nutrient solution. The high capacity for cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different vegetable crops together with the absence of visual symptoms implies a potential danger for humans.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Green Vegetable Industrial Technology SystemKey Scienceand Technology Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(12391900900)+1 种基金Innovation Project of Science and Technology Foundation of Pudong New District(PKQ2012-03)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201403032)~~
文摘Flavonoids were the most important secondary metabolites in celery （Apium graveolens L.）.In this study,the flavonoid （apigenin and luteolin） contents of leaves and petioles in 44 Chinese celery varieties,an American celery variety ‘Ventura＇ and an European celery variety ‘Princer＇ were assayed by reversed-phase high-perfor mance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC）.The results showed that significant differences in the apigenin and luteolin contents of the leaves and petioles were found among 46 celery varieties,and the variation coefficients of leaf apigenin content,leaf luteolin content,leaf flavonoid content,petiole apigenin content,petiole luteolin content and petiole flavonoid content were 30％,10％,30％,20％,30％ and 20％,respectively.There was no correlation between the leaf flavonoid content and petiole flavonoid content.The apigenin content was about 18 to 50 times of luteolin in celery leaf and about 19 to 40 times of luteolin in celery petiole.The flavonoids in most of the Chinese celery varieties were higher than in ‘Ventura＇ and ‘Princer＇.The flavonoid contents of Chinese celery varieties from the Yangtze Valley and southern China were higher than those from northern China.Our results suggested that Chinese celery varieties with high petiole apigenin contents could be used for vegetable breeding because the petiole was the main edible part,and Chinese celery varieties with high leaf apigenin contents could be used for apigenin production.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201303133-3)Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(14ZCDGNC00108)Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transformation and Extension Project of Tianjin City(201203030)~~
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on water consumption and water use efficiency of celery under the condition of drip irrigation, so as to provide a scientific basis for high-yielding, high-quality and highefficiency cultivation and water-saving irrigation of greenhouse celery. Total five irrigation amounts were designed, 117.5 （T1）, 160.0 （T2）, 202.5 （T3）, 245.0 （T4） and 287.5 （CK） mm/hm2, and the effects of different irrigation amounts on yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of celery were studied by plot experiment. The results showed that at the soil depth of 0-40 cm, the soil water storages of different treatments ranked as T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s, and the celery water consumptions ranked as CK＇s〉T4＇s〉T3＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s. At the same time, the soil water storage in different treatment group declined with the growth of celery, and finally increased at the harvest period. Among different irrigation amounts, the water use effi- ciency and irrigation water use efficiency all ranked as T1＇s〉T2＇s〉T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s. The water consumption of celery was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈 0.01）, and was negatively related to water use efficiency （P〈0.01） and irrigation water use efficiency （P〈0.05）. When the irrigation amount was below 253 mm/hm2, the celery yield was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈0.01）. There was also a positive correlation between celery output and irrigation amount. Compared with those of CK, the benefit of the T4 treatment group was equal, and the water consumption was reduced by 14.78%. In high-efficiency solar greenhouse, the irrigation amount of drip-irrigated celery is recommended as 245 mm/hm2.
基金Supported by Meteorological Science and Technology Project of Ningxia Meteorological Bureau in 2011 "West Celery Experiment of Sowing by Stages"~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the climate conditions of celery indus- trial belt in Huluhe Basin. [Method] Using the climate data of Xiji national basic sta- tion during 1981 and 2010, the meteorological data during crop growth period in 3 automatic weather stations along Huluhe Basin were carried out regression analysis, and the climate condition of west celery industrial belt was conducted hierarchical clustering analysis by SPSS. [Result] West celery industrial belt along Huluhe Basin could be divided into 2 growing regions： partially southern warm, rainy and early mature region, partially northern cold, rainless and late mature region. Years of practice proved that the small climate differences within 2 planting regions were more obvious, so these 2 planting regions could be further divided into 4 subre- glens： Xinglong warm, rainy and early mature subregion, Xiaohe thermal, rainy and partially early mature region, Jiqiang cool, rainless and middle mature subregion and Xinying cold, rainless and late mature subregion. [Conclusion] The study has refer- ence value for determination of different sowing time, different fertilizer and irrigation scheme, pests and diseased control and marketing time of west celery under mulch- sanded bunch plantation in market economic condition.
基金the earmarked fund for Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(Grant No.BAIC-2019)Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China,and Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS).
文摘Pectobacterium carotovorum is the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in a wide range of vegetable host species.Once P.carotovorum infects the plant,the spread of the disease is difficult to control.In this study,a rapid and sensitive method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)was developed for detecting P.carotovorum in celery with soft rot using a primer set designed from the pmrA conserved sequence of P.carotovorum.The specificity of the LAMP primer set for P.carotovorum was extensively validated on both P.carotovorum strains and nontarget strains.The sensitivity was 1 pg of P.carotovorum genomic DNA,which demonstrated 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay.LAMP was also used to detect P.carotovorum in bacterial suspension.The lowest detection concentration was 104 CFU·mL^−1.In addition,a LAMP assay,in conjunction with a crude DNA extraction method,was successfully performed on P.carotovorum-infected samples derived from both artificially and naturally infected plants.In summary,the LAMP assay established in this study constitutes a simple,sensitive,and rapid method for the detection of P.carotovorum,and has potential application in the control of celery soft rot disease through early detection.
文摘In this study, forty celery cultivars introduced from different regions of China were used as experimental materials to verify and analyze the practicability of RAPD technology in the identification of celery cuhivars. The results showed that RAPD technology could distinguish accurately the genetic relationship among various celery cultivars as a simple and ideal DNA molecular marker technology suitable for genetic relationship analysis. To be specific, 13 RAPD primers with clear amplified bands and significantly different number of amplified bands were screened, which provided basis for the identification of genetic relationship among different celery cultivars.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze and conclude highlights of meteorolog- ical services for agriculture with the case of Celery industry belts in regions of Hulu River. [Method] In the research, a regression equation of celery growth and meteoro- logical factors was established, and meteorological indices of celery in growth period, meteorological disaster indices and highlights of meteorological service for farmers were analyzed in terms of meteorology based on observation of biomass, growth period, and information in national basic stations and automatic stations in regions of Hulu River. [Result] The sowing period and germination period of celery were more significantly influenced by lower temperature of spring in northern area, compared with southern area, hence, celery plants in northern area should be sown later. The suitable germination stage differed about ten days in the four regions from south to north from middle Apdl to middle May. In common climate, the regions in south of Xiao River are not suitable to grow celery under influence of higher temperature at 26 ℃. Hence, celery industry belts should be moved to the north along Hulu River. During growth period of outer leaf, however, celery were less influenced by hail. [Conclusion] The research lays foundation for meteorological service for agriculture.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest(201303133-3)Fund for Commercialization and Extension of Scientific and Technologic Achievements in Agriculture in Tianjin City(201203030)
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizers on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ＇absorption and distribution by celeo, and the changes of soil nutrients in the 0 -40 cm soil layer under drip irrigation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for nutrient management of greenhouse celery culti- vation and special fertilizer development. With celery as an experiment material and the ratio of conventional fertilization as control treatment, the effects of different ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on nutrient absorption by celery and changes of soil nutrients were investigated by plot experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that the contents and distribution proportions of N and P in leaf were higher than those in stem, while for K, the content and distribution proportion were higher in stem than in leaf. The absorption amount of K was the highest in celery, followed by N, and the absorption amount of P element was the least. The mean ratio of N, P and K in celery was 1：0.556： 1.609. There were evident dynamic changes in contents of soil available nutrients in the 0 -20 cm soil layer in various growth stages of celery under different drip irrigation fertilizers. The contents of soil available nutrients were higher on the 28＇h , 47~ and 83＇h d ＂after fieht planting, while those before field planting and after harvest were lower. So the amounts of soil available nutrients were closely related to the growth stage of celery. In the whole growth period of celery, the mean input amounts of N, P205 and K20 were 805, 1 049 and 916 kg/hm2 , respectively, but the absorption amounts of nutrients by celery were far less than inputs, and the amounts of N, P205 and K20 absorbed by celery＂ were only 23% -26% , 10% and 31% -35% of the appli- cation amounts, respectively. The apparent balance of N, P2 O5 and Kz O were 613,943 and 609 kg/hm2 , respectively, indicating excess fertilization in this experi- ment. Under this experiment condition, Tj （ N： PzOs： K20 = 1 ： 0.63： 1.08） favored increase of celery yield and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and petassium by celery. The results will provide a scientific basis for study and utilization of special fertilizer for drip irrigation on celery. Key words Drip irrigation; Fertilizer for drip irrigation; Celery; Soil nutrient; Apparent balance
基金Supported by"Celery Plantation Experiment"of Meteorological Science and Technology in 2011 in Ningxia Meteorological Bureau
文摘By using climate data in national stations in Xiji County,Ningxia during 1981 and 2020,a regression analysis was carried out on weather data in crop growth season in three automatic weather stations in Hulu River Valley. The results showed that celery belts of Hulu River Valley was divided into two groups: early-maturing region of south Xinglong-Xiaohe where is warm and rainy,serotinous region of north Jiqiang-Xinying where is warm and cold and rainless. Four subregions: Xinlong,Xiaohe,Jiqiang,Xinying. Each sub-region was divided into five regions according to climate layer and observation in growth season: temperature accumulating planting period,low temperature seedling period,suitable temperature for external leaf growth stage,high-temperature for celery mulching-sanded plantation in different sowing periods, water and fertilizer,insect prevention,time to market sales.
基金This work was funded by the National Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.2014BAD12B06)the National Natural Science Fund(Grant No.51621061).
文摘Compared with conventional full irrigation,the existing water-saving irrigation method achieves the purpose of water saving by actively controlling soil moisture.High-frequency irrigation can make the ideal conditions for soil water movement and root absorption of water and nutrients.This research used a plot experiment in a greenhouse and set up different fertilization amounts and frequencies during the growth stage to study the effects of small-amount and continuous subsurface drip irrigation on the dry matter,yield,and quality of tomato and celery.The results showed that the frequency of topdressing had a great influence on the dry matter accumulation of tomatoes,and the amount of topdressing had little effect on the fresh weight of the upper part of a tomato plant.The application of high-frequency fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation in the underground part of the tomato.Under the premise given amount of total fertilization,the growth rate and yield of tomatoes were positively correlated with the amount of topdressing.The optimum fertilization frequency was 1 time during the first fruit stage,3 times for the second fruit stage,and 5 times for the third fruit stage,the yield during the fourth stage was increased with higher frequency,and the topdressing was started ahead of the fourth fruit stage when the diameter of fruit was 40 mm.The lower fertilization frequency during the early stage and higher fertilization frequency during the later stage can increase the yield of celery.The higher ratio of topdressing,the higher frequency during the early growth stage,and the lower frequency during the later stage can achieve the best quality of celery.
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection Commonweal Project of China (No. NEPCP 200809098)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Lanzhou University (No. lzujbky-2009-65)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91025015)
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.
基金financially supported by the Ningbo Agricultural Science and Education Project(2013NK29)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301251).
文摘To determine the effects of different kinds of nitrogen fertilizer,especially high-efficiency slowrelease fertilizers,on soil pH,nitrogen(N)and microbial community structures in an acidic celery soil,four treatments(CK,no N fertilizer;NR,urea;PE,calcium cyanamide fertilizer;and SK,controlled-release N fertilizer)were applied,and soil pH,total soil N,inorganic N,and soil microbial biomass C were analyzed.Phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)were extracted and detected using the MIDI Sherlock microbial identification system.The PE treatment significantly improved soil pH,from 4.80 to>6.00,during the whole growth period of the celery,and resulted in the highest celery yield among the four treatments.After 14 d application of calcium cyanamide,the soil nitrate content significantly decreased,but the ammonium content significantly increased.The PE treatment also significantly increased soil microbial biomass C during the whole celery growth period.Canonical variate analysis of the PLFA data indicated that the soil microbial community structure in the CK treatment was significantly different from those in the N applied treatments after 49 d fertilization.However,there was a significant difference(P<0.05)in soil microbial community structure between the PE treatment and the other three treatments at the end of the experiment.Calcium cyanamide is a good choice for farmers to use on acidic celery land because it supplies sufficient N,and increases soil pH,microbial biomass and the yield of celery.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31671929,21635006 and 31670373)supported this work。
文摘Thiophonate-methyl(TPM) is one of fungicides and pesticides widely used in agriculture field.However,the residue of its benzimidazole(BZD) metabolites in related agricultural products poses a potential risk to consumers.In this paper,nickel oxide nanoparticle-deposited silica(SiO_2@NiO) composite was used for the selective enrichment and purification of TPM's BZD metabolites in celery cabbage sprayed with TPM.Meanwhile,high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with precursor ion scan-mass spectrometry(HPLC-PIS-MS) and high-resolution MS/MS analysis(HR-MS/MS) was utilized for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.Twenty-one potential TPM's BZD metabolites were found and four of them were identified.One metabolite was discovered for the first time.Besides,a robust and sensitive quantitative method was developed with good linearities(R^2> 0.9972) within a wide range of 10.00-1000 ng/g.The detection limits of three known TPM's metabolites were within the range of 3.20-4.90 ng/g.Relative standard deviations(RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 18.3%,which showed perfect reproducibility.The method was successfully applied to monitoring TPM's BZD metabolites in celery cabbage sprayed with TPM and the concentration versus time curves of TPM's metabolites in celery cabbage were plotted.This method is expected to be used to monitor BZD residues in various fruits and vegetables.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32002027)。
文摘Plant metabolites are important for plant development and human health.Plants of celery(Apium graveolens L.)with different-colored petioles have been formed in the course of long-term evolution.However,the composition,content distribution,and mechanisms of accumulation of metabolites in different-colored petioles remain elusive.Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS),1159 metabolites,including 100 lipids,72 organic acids and derivatives,83 phenylpropanoids and polyketides,and several alkaloids and terpenoids,were quantified in four celery cultivars,each with a different petiole color.There were significant differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery with different-colored petioles,with the most striking difference between green celery and purple celery,followed by white celery and green celery.Annotated analysis of metabolic pathways showed that the metabolites of the different-colored petioles were significantly enriched in biosynthetic pathways such as anthocyanin,flavonoid,and chlorophyll pathways,suggesting that these metabolic pathways may play a key role in determining petiole color in celery.The content of chlorophyll in green celery was significantly higher than that in other celery cultivars,yellow celery was rich in carotenoids,and the content of anthocyanin in purple celery was significantly higher than that in the other celery cultivars.The color of the celery petioles was significantly correlated with the content of related metabolites.Among the four celery cultivars,the metabolites of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were enriched in purple celery.The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)suggested that the differential expression of the chalcone synthase(CHS)gene in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway might affect the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in celery.In addition,HPLC analysis revealed that cyanidin is the main pigment in purple celery.This study explored the differences in the types and contents of metabolites in celery cultivars with different-colored petioles and identified key substances for color formation.The results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for genetic improvement of celery petiole color.
文摘A pot experiment and a sandy culture experiment grown with three vegetable crops of Chinese cabbage ( B. chinensis L., cv. Zao\|Shu 5), winter greens ( B.var.rosularis Tsen et Lee, cv. Shang\|Hai\|Qing) and celery ( A.graveolens L. var. dulce DC., cv. Qing\|Qin) were conducted, respectively. The initial soil and four incubated soils with different extractable Cd (0.15, 0.89, 1.38, 1.84 and 2.30 mg Cd/kg soil) were used for the pot experiment. Five treatments were designed (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 mg Cd/L) in nutrient solution in the sandy culture experiment. Each treatment in pot and sandy culture experiments was trireplicated. The objectives of the study were to examine Cd accumulation in edible parts of selected vegetable crops, its correlation with Cd concentrations in vegetable garden soil or in nutrient solution, and evaluate the criteria of Cd pollution in vegetable garden soil and in nutrient solution based on the hygienic limit of Cd in vegetables. Cadmium concentrations in edible parts of the three selected vegetable crops were as follows: 0.01—0.15 mg/kg fresh weight for Chinese cabbage, 0.02—0.17 mg/kg fresh weight for winter greens, and 0.02—0.24 mg/kg fresh weight for celery in the pot experiment, and 0.1—0.4 mg/kg fresh weight for Chinese cabbage, 0.1—1.4 mg/kg fresh weight for winter greens, and 0.05—0.5 mg/kg fresh weight for celery in the pot experiment(except no\|Cd treatment). The order of the three test vegetable crops for cadmium accumulation in the edible parts was celery>winter greens>Chinese cabbage in both the pot experiment and the sandy culture experiment. Cadmium accumulation in edible parts or roots of the vegetable crops increased with increasing of cadmium concentration in the medium(soil or nutrient solution). And cadmium concentrations in edible parts of the test vegetable crops were significantly linearly related to the Cd levels in the growth media (soil and nutrient solution). Based on the regression equations established and the limit of cadmium concentration in vegetable products, the thresholds of Cd concentration in the growth medium evaluated was as follows: 0.5 mg/kg soil of extractable Cd for soil and 0.02 mg /L for nutrient solution. The high capacity for cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different vegetable crops together with the absence of visual symptoms implies a potential danger for humans.
