Both natural ginsenoside F2 and unnatural ginsenoside 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM were reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity.Traditional approaches for producing them rely on direct extraction from Panax ginseng,enzymatic c...Both natural ginsenoside F2 and unnatural ginsenoside 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM were reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity.Traditional approaches for producing them rely on direct extraction from Panax ginseng,enzymatic catalysis or chemical synthesis,all of which result in low yield and high cost.Metabolic engineering of microbes has been recognized as a green and sustainable biotechnology to produce natural and unnatural products.Hence we engineered the complete biosynthetic pathways of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-OGlc-DM in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the CRISPR/Cas9 system.The titers of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-GlcDM were increased from 1.2 to 21.0 mg/L and from 82.0 to 346.1 mg/L at shake flask level,respectively,by multistep metabolic engineering strategies.Additionally,pharmacological evaluation showed that both F2and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM exhibited anti-pancreatic cancer activity and the activity of 3β,20S-Di-O-GlcDM was even better.Furthermore,the titer of 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM reached 2.6 g/L by fed-batch fermentation in a 3 L bioreactor.To our knowledge,this is the first report on demonstrating the anti-pancreatic cancer activity of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM,and achieving their de novo biosynthesis by the engineered yeasts.Our work presents an alternative approach to produce F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM from renewable biomass,which lays a foundation for drug research and development.展开更多
目的比较成人接种20微克(g)重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)[Hepatitis B Vaccine(HepB)Made by Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)Techniquesin Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO)Cell,HepB-CHO]和20g重组乙肝疫苗(酿酒酵母)...目的比较成人接种20微克(g)重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)[Hepatitis B Vaccine(HepB)Made by Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)Techniquesin Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO)Cell,HepB-CHO]和20g重组乙肝疫苗(酿酒酵母)(HepB Made by Recombinant DNA Techniquesin Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast,HepB-SCY)的抗体应答及其影响因素。方法在山东省章丘市选择研究现场,筛选出乙肝病毒表面抗原[Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)Surface Antigen,HBsAg]、抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)和抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体全阴性者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,按照0、l、6个月免疫程序分别接种20g HepB-SCY和20g HepB-CHO。所有研究对象进行问卷调查并采集静脉血,采用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法(Chemiluminescence Microparticle Imunoassay,CMIA)定量检测Anti-HBs。比较不同HepB初次免疫后的抗体应答率和抗体水平,采用多因素分析方法确定排除其他因素影响后,HepB种类对抗体应答的影响。结果 HepB-SCY和HepB-CHO分别接种2011人和2290人。HepB-SCY无应答[<l0毫国际单位/毫升(mIU/m1)]率、低应答[10mIU/ml～99mIU/ml]率、正常应答[100mIU/ml～999mIU/m1]率、高应答[≥1000mIU/ml]率分别为14.22%、15.57%、29.09%和41.12%,HepB-CHO分别为9.35%、19.08%、33.97%和37.60%,两组四项指标间差异均有统计学意义(x2=5.44～23.11,P<0.01)。HepB-SCY组和HepB-CHO组Anti-HBs几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)分别为270.39mIU/ml[95%可信区间(Confidence Interval,CI):233.33mIU/ml～3l3.32mIU/m1]和312.67mIU/ml(95%CI;278.28mIU/ml～351.32mIU/ml),差异无统计学意义(U=I.52,P=0.13)。多因素分析显示,排除性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史等因素影响后,无应答率与疫苗种类有关。结论成人接种20g HepB-SCY和20gHepB-CHO均可以获得较好的抗体应答,20g HepB-SCY无应答率略高于20g HepB-CHO。展开更多
Phloretin is an important skin-lightening and depigmenting agent from the peel of apples. Although de novo production of phloretin has been realized in microbes using the natural pathway from plants, the efficiency of...Phloretin is an important skin-lightening and depigmenting agent from the peel of apples. Although de novo production of phloretin has been realized in microbes using the natural pathway from plants, the efficiency of phloretin production is still not enough for industrial application. Here, we established an artificial pathway in the yeast to produce phloretin via assembling two genes of p-coumaroyl-CoA ligase(4CL) and chalcone synthase(CHS). CHS is a key enzyme which conventionally condenses a CoA-tethered starter with three molecules of malonyl-CoA to form the backbone of flavonoids. However, there was 33% of byproduct generated via CHS by condensing two molecules of malonyl-CoA during the fermentation process. Hence, we introduced a more efficient CHS and improved the supply of malonyl-CoA through two pathways;the by-product ratio was decreased from 33% to 17% and the production of phloretin was improved from 48 to 83.2 mg L^(-1). Finally, a fed-batch fermentation process was optimized and the production of phloretin reached 619.5 mg L^(-1), which was 14-fold higher than that of the previous studies. Our work established a platform for the biosynthesis of phloretin from the low-cost raw material 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and also illustrated the potential for industrial scale bio-manufacturing of phloretin.展开更多
基金financially supported by the grants of CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-029,China)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7212158,China)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673341)PUMC Disciplinary Development of Synthetic Biology(201920100801,China)。
文摘Both natural ginsenoside F2 and unnatural ginsenoside 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM were reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity.Traditional approaches for producing them rely on direct extraction from Panax ginseng,enzymatic catalysis or chemical synthesis,all of which result in low yield and high cost.Metabolic engineering of microbes has been recognized as a green and sustainable biotechnology to produce natural and unnatural products.Hence we engineered the complete biosynthetic pathways of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-OGlc-DM in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the CRISPR/Cas9 system.The titers of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-GlcDM were increased from 1.2 to 21.0 mg/L and from 82.0 to 346.1 mg/L at shake flask level,respectively,by multistep metabolic engineering strategies.Additionally,pharmacological evaluation showed that both F2and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM exhibited anti-pancreatic cancer activity and the activity of 3β,20S-Di-O-GlcDM was even better.Furthermore,the titer of 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM reached 2.6 g/L by fed-batch fermentation in a 3 L bioreactor.To our knowledge,this is the first report on demonstrating the anti-pancreatic cancer activity of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM,and achieving their de novo biosynthesis by the engineered yeasts.Our work presents an alternative approach to produce F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM from renewable biomass,which lays a foundation for drug research and development.
文摘目的比较成人接种20微克(g)重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)[Hepatitis B Vaccine(HepB)Made by Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)Techniquesin Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO)Cell,HepB-CHO]和20g重组乙肝疫苗(酿酒酵母)(HepB Made by Recombinant DNA Techniquesin Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast,HepB-SCY)的抗体应答及其影响因素。方法在山东省章丘市选择研究现场,筛选出乙肝病毒表面抗原[Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)Surface Antigen,HBsAg]、抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(Antibody to HBsAg,Anti-HBs)和抗乙肝病毒核心抗原抗体全阴性者作为研究对象,随机分为两组,按照0、l、6个月免疫程序分别接种20g HepB-SCY和20g HepB-CHO。所有研究对象进行问卷调查并采集静脉血,采用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法(Chemiluminescence Microparticle Imunoassay,CMIA)定量检测Anti-HBs。比较不同HepB初次免疫后的抗体应答率和抗体水平,采用多因素分析方法确定排除其他因素影响后,HepB种类对抗体应答的影响。结果 HepB-SCY和HepB-CHO分别接种2011人和2290人。HepB-SCY无应答[<l0毫国际单位/毫升(mIU/m1)]率、低应答[10mIU/ml～99mIU/ml]率、正常应答[100mIU/ml～999mIU/m1]率、高应答[≥1000mIU/ml]率分别为14.22%、15.57%、29.09%和41.12%,HepB-CHO分别为9.35%、19.08%、33.97%和37.60%,两组四项指标间差异均有统计学意义(x2=5.44～23.11,P<0.01)。HepB-SCY组和HepB-CHO组Anti-HBs几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)分别为270.39mIU/ml[95%可信区间(Confidence Interval,CI):233.33mIU/ml～3l3.32mIU/m1]和312.67mIU/ml(95%CI;278.28mIU/ml～351.32mIU/ml),差异无统计学意义(U=I.52,P=0.13)。多因素分析显示,排除性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史等因素影响后,无应答率与疫苗种类有关。结论成人接种20g HepB-SCY和20gHepB-CHO均可以获得较好的抗体应答,20g HepB-SCY无应答率略高于20g HepB-CHO。
基金financially supported by Talents Team Construction Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701722)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M620471)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901026)。
文摘Phloretin is an important skin-lightening and depigmenting agent from the peel of apples. Although de novo production of phloretin has been realized in microbes using the natural pathway from plants, the efficiency of phloretin production is still not enough for industrial application. Here, we established an artificial pathway in the yeast to produce phloretin via assembling two genes of p-coumaroyl-CoA ligase(4CL) and chalcone synthase(CHS). CHS is a key enzyme which conventionally condenses a CoA-tethered starter with three molecules of malonyl-CoA to form the backbone of flavonoids. However, there was 33% of byproduct generated via CHS by condensing two molecules of malonyl-CoA during the fermentation process. Hence, we introduced a more efficient CHS and improved the supply of malonyl-CoA through two pathways;the by-product ratio was decreased from 33% to 17% and the production of phloretin was improved from 48 to 83.2 mg L^(-1). Finally, a fed-batch fermentation process was optimized and the production of phloretin reached 619.5 mg L^(-1), which was 14-fold higher than that of the previous studies. Our work established a platform for the biosynthesis of phloretin from the low-cost raw material 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid and also illustrated the potential for industrial scale bio-manufacturing of phloretin.
