BACKGROUND：Synapses undergo high levels of plasticity within the nervous system, and cerebral ischemia induces synaptic plasticity changes.OBJECTIVE：To demonstrate the effects of electroacupuncture on ultrastructura...BACKGROUND：Synapses undergo high levels of plasticity within the nervous system, and cerebral ischemia induces synaptic plasticity changes.OBJECTIVE：To demonstrate the effects of electroacupuncture on ultrastructural synaptic changes in the focal cerebral ischemia marginal zone in rats using quantitative analysis of stereological measurement.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2008 to January 2009.MATERIALS：The G-6805 electric acupuncture apparatus was provided by Shanghai Huayi Instrument Factory, China.METHODS：A total of 90 male, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham-surgery, model, and electroacupuncture groups, with 30 animals in each group. Each group was subdivided into 1 hour, as well as 1, 3, 7, and 21 days post-surgery groups, with six animals assigned to each time point. Heat coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Electroacupuncture was applied immediately following surgery to the electroacupuncture group [4/20 Hz, 2.0-3.0 V, 1-3 mA, to Baihui （GV 20） and Dazhui （GV 14）] for 30 minutes. Treatment was performed once a day, and experimental animals were sacrificed, at 1 hour, as well as 1, 3, 7 and 21 days post-surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：At different time points after intervention, changes in synaptic ultrastructure, such as postsynaptic density thickness, synaptic cleft width, and synaptic interface curvature, were observed in the focal cerebral ischemia marginal zone in rats through the use of transmission electronic microscopy.RESULTS：Broken synapses were observed following cerebral ischemia, and the number of synapses was significantly decreased. Compared to the model group, synaptic ultrastructure was significantly improved in the electroacupuncture group. Compared to the sham-surgery group, postsynaptic density thickness was significantly decreased, as were synaptic cleft width and synaptic interface curvature in the electroacupuncture and model groups. However, compared to the model group, postsynaptic density thickness was significantly increased in the electroacupuncture group at the same time point post-surgery （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. In addition, synaptic cleft width and synaptic interface curvature were significantly increased with the passage of time （P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION：Electroacupuncture significantly ameliorated structural synapse lesion during the early stage of cerebral ischemic injury, promoted repair of synaptic structure, improved structural parameters of synapses, and increased synaptic structural plasticity, which suggested that the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture was related to synaptic reorganization.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The transcription factor Oligl is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair, and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To examine the efficacy o...BACKGROUND： The transcription factor Oligl is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair, and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To examine the efficacy of intraventricular injection of a recombinant adenovirus-expressing Oligl gene （Ad5-Oligl-eGFP） on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin repair following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： Adenovirus and a recombinant adenovirus containing Oiigl gene （Ad5-Oligl） were provided by Vector Gene Technology, China. METHODS： All 50 rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. A total of 46 rats were successfully induced and were subsequently randomly assigned to a adenovirus （Ad5） group and recombinant adenovirus-expression Oligl gene （Ad5-Oligl） group, with 23 rats per group. One day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, either Ad5-Oligl-eGFP or Ad5-eGFP （10 μL, 2.3 ×10^11/mL） was injected into the lateral ventricle on the ischemic hemisphere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Adenovirus-mediated Oligl gene expression in vitro and in vivo was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, respectively. Myelin basic protein （MBP） levels were evaluated by Western Blot, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. RESULTS： Exogenous Oligl expression was measured at the periventricular zone of the lateral ventricle 1 day after Ad5-Oligl injection. In the Ad5-Oligl-treated group, MBP protein levels and average intensity of MBP-immunoreactivity （-ir） increased 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, myelinated axonal numbers markedly increased following Ad5-Oligl treatment. CONCLUSION： The present data suggested that Ad5-Oligl gene therapy increased MBP expression and the number of remyelinating axons following cerebral ischemia.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program),No.2010CB530500the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30572420Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,Ministry of Educa-tion of China,No. NCET-04-0831
文摘BACKGROUND：Synapses undergo high levels of plasticity within the nervous system, and cerebral ischemia induces synaptic plasticity changes.OBJECTIVE：To demonstrate the effects of electroacupuncture on ultrastructural synaptic changes in the focal cerebral ischemia marginal zone in rats using quantitative analysis of stereological measurement.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2008 to January 2009.MATERIALS：The G-6805 electric acupuncture apparatus was provided by Shanghai Huayi Instrument Factory, China.METHODS：A total of 90 male, Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham-surgery, model, and electroacupuncture groups, with 30 animals in each group. Each group was subdivided into 1 hour, as well as 1, 3, 7, and 21 days post-surgery groups, with six animals assigned to each time point. Heat coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Electroacupuncture was applied immediately following surgery to the electroacupuncture group [4/20 Hz, 2.0-3.0 V, 1-3 mA, to Baihui （GV 20） and Dazhui （GV 14）] for 30 minutes. Treatment was performed once a day, and experimental animals were sacrificed, at 1 hour, as well as 1, 3, 7 and 21 days post-surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：At different time points after intervention, changes in synaptic ultrastructure, such as postsynaptic density thickness, synaptic cleft width, and synaptic interface curvature, were observed in the focal cerebral ischemia marginal zone in rats through the use of transmission electronic microscopy.RESULTS：Broken synapses were observed following cerebral ischemia, and the number of synapses was significantly decreased. Compared to the model group, synaptic ultrastructure was significantly improved in the electroacupuncture group. Compared to the sham-surgery group, postsynaptic density thickness was significantly decreased, as were synaptic cleft width and synaptic interface curvature in the electroacupuncture and model groups. However, compared to the model group, postsynaptic density thickness was significantly increased in the electroacupuncture group at the same time point post-surgery （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. In addition, synaptic cleft width and synaptic interface curvature were significantly increased with the passage of time （P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01）.CONCLUSION：Electroacupuncture significantly ameliorated structural synapse lesion during the early stage of cerebral ischemic injury, promoted repair of synaptic structure, improved structural parameters of synapses, and increased synaptic structural plasticity, which suggested that the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture was related to synaptic reorganization.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30570626the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7082028
文摘BACKGROUND： The transcription factor Oligl is required for oligodendrocyte maturation and demyelinated lesion repair, and is a key regulator of myelinogenesis following ischemia. OBJECTIVE： To examine the efficacy of intraventricular injection of a recombinant adenovirus-expressing Oligl gene （Ad5-Oligl-eGFP） on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin repair following focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： Adenovirus and a recombinant adenovirus containing Oiigl gene （Ad5-Oligl） were provided by Vector Gene Technology, China. METHODS： All 50 rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. A total of 46 rats were successfully induced and were subsequently randomly assigned to a adenovirus （Ad5） group and recombinant adenovirus-expression Oligl gene （Ad5-Oligl） group, with 23 rats per group. One day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, either Ad5-Oligl-eGFP or Ad5-eGFP （10 μL, 2.3 ×10^11/mL） was injected into the lateral ventricle on the ischemic hemisphere. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Adenovirus-mediated Oligl gene expression in vitro and in vivo was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence, respectively. Myelin basic protein （MBP） levels were evaluated by Western Blot, immunostaining, and electron microscopy. RESULTS： Exogenous Oligl expression was measured at the periventricular zone of the lateral ventricle 1 day after Ad5-Oligl injection. In the Ad5-Oligl-treated group, MBP protein levels and average intensity of MBP-immunoreactivity （-ir） increased 28 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, myelinated axonal numbers markedly increased following Ad5-Oligl treatment. CONCLUSION： The present data suggested that Ad5-Oligl gene therapy increased MBP expression and the number of remyelinating axons following cerebral ischemia.
