Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases.Although various studies and reviews have described developments and a...Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases.Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids,few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience.To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids,we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years.First,annual publications,countries/regions,organizations,journals,authors,co-citations,and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified.The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified.Subsequently,current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience,including human neural development,neural disorders,infectious diseases,regenerative medicine,drug discovery,and toxicity assessment studies,are comprehensively discussed.Towards that end,several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research.展开更多
Gold nanoparticle(AuNP)-assisted delivery of proteins/drugs to cells or in vivo systems has long been studied.However,their interaction with in vivo mimicking organoids is still largely unknown.Here,we conjugated brai...Gold nanoparticle(AuNP)-assisted delivery of proteins/drugs to cells or in vivo systems has long been studied.However,their interaction with in vivo mimicking organoids is still largely unknown.Here,we conjugated brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF)to the AuNP surface and monitored how AuNP-BDNF interacts with cerebral organoids.Data suggest that AuNP-BDNF can successfully enter cerebral organoids and can be found up to 15.21μm inside cerebral organoids.AuNP-BDNF does not induce significant cytotoxicity to cerebral organoids at concentrations up to 2 nM and increases the expression of 75 genes compared to control cerebral organoids.These data suggest the successful delivery of BDNF through AuNP-BDNF conjugation in cerebral organoids,and the conjugation can affect its differentiation.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that currently cannot be cured by any drug or intervention,due to its complicated pathogenesis.Current animal and cellular models of AD are unable to meet researc...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that currently cannot be cured by any drug or intervention,due to its complicated pathogenesis.Current animal and cellular models of AD are unable to meet research needs for AD.However,recent three-dimensional(3D)cerebral organoid models derived from human stem cells have provided a new tool to study molecular mechanisms and pharmaceutical developments of AD.In this review,we discuss the advantages and key limitations of the AD cerebral organoid system in comparison to the commonly used AD models,and propose possible solutions,in order to improve their application in AD research.Ethical concerns associated with human cerebral organoids are also discussed.We also summarize future directions of studies that will improve the cerebral organoid system to better model the pathological events observed in AD brains.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82204083(to ML)and 12372303(to BW)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2021jcy-jmsxmX0171(to ML).
文摘Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases.Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids,few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience.To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids,we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years.First,annual publications,countries/regions,organizations,journals,authors,co-citations,and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified.The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified.Subsequently,current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience,including human neural development,neural disorders,infectious diseases,regenerative medicine,drug discovery,and toxicity assessment studies,are comprehensively discussed.Towards that end,several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research.
基金The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2021R1A2C2011195)the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology of Republic of Korea(Nos.SI2131-50 and SI2152-20).
文摘Gold nanoparticle(AuNP)-assisted delivery of proteins/drugs to cells or in vivo systems has long been studied.However,their interaction with in vivo mimicking organoids is still largely unknown.Here,we conjugated brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF)to the AuNP surface and monitored how AuNP-BDNF interacts with cerebral organoids.Data suggest that AuNP-BDNF can successfully enter cerebral organoids and can be found up to 15.21μm inside cerebral organoids.AuNP-BDNF does not induce significant cytotoxicity to cerebral organoids at concentrations up to 2 nM and increases the expression of 75 genes compared to control cerebral organoids.These data suggest the successful delivery of BDNF through AuNP-BDNF conjugation in cerebral organoids,and the conjugation can affect its differentiation.
基金This review was supported in part by grants from the Key R&D Program of Ningxia(2018BFG02005 to J.L.,2021BEG03100 to Y.Y.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82060792 and 81660645 to Y.Y.,81660673 to J.L.)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2020AAC03133 to Y.Y.,2021AAC03143 to J.L.)the Fourth Batch of Ningxia Youth Talents Supporting Program(TJGC2019091 to J.L.,TJGC2019100 to Y.Y.)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202010752039 to F-C.B.).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that currently cannot be cured by any drug or intervention,due to its complicated pathogenesis.Current animal and cellular models of AD are unable to meet research needs for AD.However,recent three-dimensional(3D)cerebral organoid models derived from human stem cells have provided a new tool to study molecular mechanisms and pharmaceutical developments of AD.In this review,we discuss the advantages and key limitations of the AD cerebral organoid system in comparison to the commonly used AD models,and propose possible solutions,in order to improve their application in AD research.Ethical concerns associated with human cerebral organoids are also discussed.We also summarize future directions of studies that will improve the cerebral organoid system to better model the pathological events observed in AD brains.
