MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical str...MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical strength,etc.This review begins by presenting MXenes,providing insights into their structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and surface functional groups.The review covers a thorough analysis of MXene surface properties,including surface chemistry and termination group impacts.The properties of MXenes are influenced by their synthesis,which can be fluorine-based or fluorinedependent.Fluorine-based synthesis techniques involve etching with fluorine-based reagents,mainly including HF or LiF/HCl,while fluorine-free methods include electrochemical etching,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),alkaline etching,Lewis acid-based etching,etc.These techniques result in the emergence of functional groups such as-F,-O,-OH,-Cl,etc.on the MXenes surface,depending on the synthesis method used.Properties of MXenes,such as electrical conductivity,electronic properties,catalytic activity,magnetic properties,mechanical strength,and chemical and thermal stability,are examined,and the role of functional groups in determining these properties is explored.The review delves into the diverse applications of MXenes,encompassing supercapacitors,battery materials,hydrogen storage,fuel cells,electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding,pollutant removal,water purification,flexible electronics,sensors,additive manufacturing,catalysis,biomedical and healthcare fields,etc.Finally,this article outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of MXenes research,addressing various aspects such as synthesis scalability,etching challenges,and multifunctionality,and exploring novel applications.The review concludes with future prospects and conclusions envisioning the impact of MXenes on future technologies and innovation.展开更多
Groundwater serves as an important water source for residents in and around mining areas.To achieve scientific planning and efficient utilization of water resources in mining areas,it is essential to figure out the ch...Groundwater serves as an important water source for residents in and around mining areas.To achieve scientific planning and efficient utilization of water resources in mining areas,it is essential to figure out the chemical formation process and the ground water sulfur cycle that transpire after the coal mining activities.Based on studies of hydrochemistry and D,^(18)O-H_(2)O,^(34)S-SO_(4)isotopes,this study applied principal component analysis,ion ratio and other methods in its attempts to reveal the hydrogeochemical action and sulfur cycle in the subsidence area of Pingyu mining area.The study discovered that,in the studied area,precipitation provides the major supply of groundwater and the main water chemistry effects are dominated by oxidation dissolution of sulfide minerals as well as the dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks.The sulfate in groundwater primarily originates from oxidation and dissolution of sulfide minerals in coal-bearing strata and human activities.The mixed sulfate formed by the oxidation of sulfide minerals and by human activities continuously recharges the groundwater,promoting the dissolution of carbonate rock and silicate rock in the process.展开更多
Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,le...Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,lead to confusion of phonemes and stress,misunderstanding of syllable structure,and errors of assimilation,drop,and epenthesis.The accuracy of English pronunciation can only be improved by knowing both English and Chinese phonological systems,strengthening the teaching of English phonological knowledge,and adopting various phonological training activities.展开更多
The booming wearable/portable electronic devices industry has stimulated the progress of supporting flexible energy storage devices.Excellent performance of flexible devices not only requires the component units of ea...The booming wearable/portable electronic devices industry has stimulated the progress of supporting flexible energy storage devices.Excellent performance of flexible devices not only requires the component units of each device to maintain the original performance under external forces,but also demands the overall device to be flexible in response to external fields.However,flexible energy storage devices inevitably occur mechanical damages(extrusion,impact,vibration)/electrical damages(overcharge,over-discharge,external short circuit)during longterm complex deformation conditions,causing serious performance degradation and safety risks.Inspired by the healing phenomenon of nature,endowing energy storage devices with self-healing capability has become a promising strategy to effectively improve the durability and functionality of devices.Herein,this review systematically summarizes the latest progress in intrinsic self-healing chemistry for energy storage devices.Firstly,the main intrinsic self-healing mechanism is introduced.Then,the research situation of electrodes,electrolytes,artificial interface layers and integrated devices based on intrinsic self-healing and advanced characterization technology is reviewed.Finally,the current challenges and perspective are provided.We believe this critical review will contribute to the development of intrinsic self-healing chemistry in the flexible energy storage field.展开更多
Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 ...Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)are considered as one of the ultimate goals for the development of energy storage systems due to their high energy density and high safety.However,the mismatching of int...All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)are considered as one of the ultimate goals for the development of energy storage systems due to their high energy density and high safety.However,the mismatching of interface transport kinetics as well as interfacial instability induces the growth of lithium dendrite and thus,leads to severe degradation of battery electrochemical performances.Herein,an integrated interface configuration(IIC)consisting of in-situ generated Li I interphase and Li-Ag alloy anode is proposed through in-situ interface chemistry.The IIC is capable of not only regulating charge transport kinetics but also synchronously stabilizing the lithium/electrolyte interface,thereby achieving uniform lithium platting.Therefore,Li||Li symmetric cells with IIC achieve a critical current density of up to 1.6 mA cm^(-2)and achieve stable cycling over 1600 hours at a high current density of 0.5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,a high discharge capacity of 140.1 mA h g-1at 0.1 C is also obtained for the Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_(2)(NCM622)full battery with a capacity retention of 65.6%after 300 cycles.This work provides an effective method to synergistically regulate the interface transport kinetics and inhibit lithium dendrite growth for high-performance ASSLMBs.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next-generation“lithium-ion battery beyond”owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur.However,the...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next-generation“lithium-ion battery beyond”owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur.However,the main obstacles encountered in the commercial implementation of LSBs are the notorious shuttle effect,retarded sulfur redox kinetics,and uncontrolled dendrite growth.Accordingly,single-atom catalysts(SACs),which have ultrahigh catalytic efficiency,tunable coordination configuration,and light weight,have shown huge potential in the field of LSBs to date.This review summarizes the recent research progress of SACs applied as multifunctional components in LSBs.The design principles and typical synthetic strategies of SACs toward effective Li–S chemistry as well as the working mechanism promoting sulfur conversion reactions,inhibiting the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect,and regulating Li+nucleation are comprehensively illustrated.Potential future directions in terms of research on SACs for the realization of commercially viable LSBs are also outlined.展开更多
We present data pertaining to mineral assemblages and composition of the Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB)pumices.Eight groups of pumices were identified considering the presence of phenocrysts of plagioclase,clinopyro...We present data pertaining to mineral assemblages and composition of the Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB)pumices.Eight groups of pumices were identified considering the presence of phenocrysts of plagioclase,clinopyroxene,orthopyroxene,hornblende and biotite together with the occurrence of quartz and glass.Pigeonite,fayalite and ulvospinelare reported for the first time from these pumices.In the eight groups,the modal percentage of the constituents are phenocrysts 3%to 19%(avg 9.6%),silicic glass 33%to 54%(avg 43%)and the rest is vesicles.Based on the above factors we have identified the possible sources of the CIOB pumices.The mineral compositions of plagioclase,pyroxenes,and biotite of the CIOB pumices were compared with those of Krakatau and Toba.Most of the plagioclase and pyroxene compositions resemble the Haranggoal Dacite Tuff of Toba and Krakatau.Considering the mineral assemblages and compositions,there are pumices which do not correlate to any of the above eruptions and are probably from yet unidentified source/sources.These sources could either be from nearby terrestrial volcanoes or intraplate seamounts present in the CIOB.In a global context,it is viable that petrological characteristics could be used as initial criteria to determine the source of pumices that occur at abyssal depths in the world ocean.展开更多
Microwave irradiation is considered an important approach to Green Chemistry, because of its ability to rapidly increase the internal temperature of polar-organic compounds that lead to synthesis times of minutes rath...Microwave irradiation is considered an important approach to Green Chemistry, because of its ability to rapidly increase the internal temperature of polar-organic compounds that lead to synthesis times of minutes rather than hours when compared to conventional thermal heating. This works describes a dual allometry test for the discrimination between the solvents and reagents used in the microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metal (zinc oxide, palladium silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The test is performed in log-log process energy phase-space projection, where the synthesis data (kJ against kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>) has a power-law signature. The test is shown to discriminate between recommended Green Chemistry, problematic Green Chemistry, and Green Chemistry hazardous solvents. Typically, recommended Green chemistry exhibits a broad y-axes distribution within an upper exponent = 1 and lower exponent = 0.5. Problematic Green Chemistry exhibits a y-axes narrower distribution with an upper exponent = 0.94 and lower exponent = 0.64. Non-Green Chemistry hazardous data exhibits a further narrowing of the y-axes distribution within upper exponent = 0.87 and lower exponent = 0.66. In all three cases, the y-axes is aligned to original database power-law signature. It is also shown that in the x-axes direction (process energy budget) the grouped order of magnitude decreases from four orders for recommended Green Chemistry solvent and reagent data, through two orders for non-Green Chemistry hazardous material and down to one order for problematic Green Chemistry.展开更多
In-depth understanding of the electrolyte-dependent intercalation chemistry in batteries through direct operando/in situ characterizations is crucial for the development of the high-performance batteries.Herein,taking...In-depth understanding of the electrolyte-dependent intercalation chemistry in batteries through direct operando/in situ characterizations is crucial for the development of the high-performance batteries.Herein,taking the Al/graphite battery as a model system,the effect of electrolyte coordination structure on the intercalation processes has been investigated over the batteries with either 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(HMICl)-AlCl_(3) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMICl)-AlCl_(3) ionic liquid electrolyte using operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction.With a weaker anion-cation interaction in HMI-based electrolyte,the XPS-derived atomic ratio between cointercalated N and intercalated Al is 0.9,which is lower than 1.6 for EMI-based electrolyte.Attributed to the additional de-solvation process,the batteries with the HMI-based electrolyte show a lower ionic diffusion rate,capacity,and cycling performance,which agree with the operando characterization results.Our findings highlight the critical role of the electrolyte coordination structure on the(co-)intercalation chemistry.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are the potential options for the next-generation energy storage scenarios due to the cost effectiveness and intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the industrial application of AZIBs is still im...Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are the potential options for the next-generation energy storage scenarios due to the cost effectiveness and intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the industrial application of AZIBs is still impeded by a series of parasitic reactions and dendrites at zinc anodes.In this study,taurine(TAU)is used in electrolyte to simultaneously optimize the coordination condition of the ZnSO4electrolyte and interfacial chemistry at the anode.TAU can preferentially adsorb with the zinc metal and induce an in situ stable and protective interface on the anode,which would avoid the connection between H_(2)O and the zinc metal and promote the even deposition of Zn^(2+).The resulting Zn//Zn batteries achieve more than 3000 hours long cyclic lifespan under 1 mA cm^(-2)and an impressive cumulative capacity at 5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,Zn//Cu batteries can realize a reversible plating/stripping process over 2,400cycles,with a desirable coulombic efficiency of 99.75%(1 mA cm^(-2)).Additionally,the additive endows Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)batteries with more stable cyclic performance and ultrafast rate capability.These capabilities can promote the industrial application of AZIBs.展开更多
Enrichment of As and Au at the overgrowth rims of arsenian pyrite is a distinctive feature of Carlin-type gold ores.Revealing distribution of such key elements in high resolution is of fundamental importance yet often...Enrichment of As and Au at the overgrowth rims of arsenian pyrite is a distinctive feature of Carlin-type gold ores.Revealing distribution of such key elements in high resolution is of fundamental importance yet often proves challenging.In this study,repeated non-oxidative acid etching of ore samples from Shuiyindong gold deposit was applied to enable elemental depth profiling of goldbearing arsenian pyrite grains.ICP-OES and AAS were used to determine the dissolved Fe,As,and Au concentrations in each of the etching solutions,and XPS was carried out to exam the etched mineral surfaces.In contrast to conventional ion beam etching that may cause substantial sample damage,our acid etching method does not seem to significantly alter the composition and chemical state of the samples.The etched depths directly converted from the measured elemental concentrations can reproducibly reach a very high resolution of~1 nm,and can be conveniently controlled through varying the etching time.While the Fe and As depth profiles consistently reflect the surface oxidation property of arsenian pyrite,the Au profile displaying an obvious upward trend reveals the ore fluid evolution at the late stage of mineralization.Based on our experimental results,we demonstrate that our wet chemistry method is capable of effective depth profiling of gold ore and perhaps other geological samples,with advantages surpassing many instrumental techniques including negligible sample damage,nanoscale resolution as well as isotropic etching.展开更多
Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper ana...Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper analyzes the necessity of integrating local red culture into courses of agronomy majors,discusses the current challenges,and puts forward specific recommendations.展开更多
High voltage,high energy density,nominal cycle life,and low cost are the most critical requirements of rechargeable batteries for their widespread energy storage applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy ...High voltage,high energy density,nominal cycle life,and low cost are the most critical requirements of rechargeable batteries for their widespread energy storage applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies.Na-MnO_(2) battery could be a low-cost contender,but it suffers extensively from its low cell voltage and poor rechargeability.In this study,we modified the conventional cell structure of Na-MnO_(2) battery and established altered cell chemistry through a hybrid electrochemical process consisting of Na striping/plating at the anode and Zn^(2+) insertion/de-insertion along with MnO_(2) dissolution/deposition at the cathode.After the modification,Na-MnO_(2) battery exhibits a discharge capacity of 267.10 mA h/g and a cell voltage of 3.30 V(vs.Na/Na^(+)),resulting in a high specific energy density of 881.43 Wh/kg.After 300 cycles,the battery retains 98% of its first-cycle discharge capacity with100% coulombic efficiency.Besides,Na metal-free battery assembled using sodium biphenyl as a safer anode also delivers an excellent energy density of 810.0 Wh/kg.This work could provide a feasible method to develop an advanced Na-MnO_(2) battery for real-time energy storage applications.展开更多
The defect chemistry is successfully modulated on free-standing and binder-free carbon cathodes for highly efficient Li-S redox reactions.Such rationally regulated defect engineering realizes the synchronization of io...The defect chemistry is successfully modulated on free-standing and binder-free carbon cathodes for highly efficient Li-S redox reactions.Such rationally regulated defect engineering realizes the synchronization of ion/electron-conductive and defect-rich networks on the threedimension carbon cathode,leading to its tunable activity for both relieving the shuttle phenomenon and accelerating the sulfur redox reaction kinetics.As expected,the defective carbon cathode harvests a high rate capacity of 1217.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 C and a superior capacity retention of61.7%at 2 C after 500 cycles.Even under the sulfur mass loading of 11.1 mg cm^(-2),the defective cathode still holds a remarkable areal capacity of 8.5 mAh cm^(-2).展开更多
In order to effectively cultivate applied pharmaceutical talents,aiming at the current teaching situation of organic chemistry,the basic course of pharmaceutical specialty,including the problems of curriculum setting,...In order to effectively cultivate applied pharmaceutical talents,aiming at the current teaching situation of organic chemistry,the basic course of pharmaceutical specialty,including the problems of curriculum setting,experimental teaching,and the integration of classroom and professional knowledge,it is proposed to overcome the problem of curriculum setting by combining"online+offline"in teaching.It should overcome the problems in experimental teaching with the help of virtual simulation platform.By cultivating students organic chemistry thinking and paying attention to the integration of subject and professional knowledge,students recognition of organic chemistry course can be improved,and the quality of training can be improved.展开更多
The Internet is an important means of communication for contemporary college students,especially those majoring in English,to acquire knowledge about information and improve their oral proficiency.However,research on ...The Internet is an important means of communication for contemporary college students,especially those majoring in English,to acquire knowledge about information and improve their oral proficiency.However,research on the relevant oral English autonomous learning ability of English majors shows that the overall learning situation is not satisfying.Based on the development of the concept of autonomous learning,this article explores the current situation and existing problems in oral English autonomous learning of English majors under the context of the Internet,and proposes corresponding autonomous learning strategies for improving their oral English skill.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435 and 2020R1A2C1099862)supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Korean Government(MOTIE)(P0012451,The Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist)。
文摘MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical strength,etc.This review begins by presenting MXenes,providing insights into their structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and surface functional groups.The review covers a thorough analysis of MXene surface properties,including surface chemistry and termination group impacts.The properties of MXenes are influenced by their synthesis,which can be fluorine-based or fluorinedependent.Fluorine-based synthesis techniques involve etching with fluorine-based reagents,mainly including HF or LiF/HCl,while fluorine-free methods include electrochemical etching,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),alkaline etching,Lewis acid-based etching,etc.These techniques result in the emergence of functional groups such as-F,-O,-OH,-Cl,etc.on the MXenes surface,depending on the synthesis method used.Properties of MXenes,such as electrical conductivity,electronic properties,catalytic activity,magnetic properties,mechanical strength,and chemical and thermal stability,are examined,and the role of functional groups in determining these properties is explored.The review delves into the diverse applications of MXenes,encompassing supercapacitors,battery materials,hydrogen storage,fuel cells,electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding,pollutant removal,water purification,flexible electronics,sensors,additive manufacturing,catalysis,biomedical and healthcare fields,etc.Finally,this article outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of MXenes research,addressing various aspects such as synthesis scalability,etching challenges,and multifunctionality,and exploring novel applications.The review concludes with future prospects and conclusions envisioning the impact of MXenes on future technologies and innovation.
基金supported by Geological Research Project of the Construction Management Bureau of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project(ZXJ/HN/YW/GC-2020037)。
文摘Groundwater serves as an important water source for residents in and around mining areas.To achieve scientific planning and efficient utilization of water resources in mining areas,it is essential to figure out the chemical formation process and the ground water sulfur cycle that transpire after the coal mining activities.Based on studies of hydrochemistry and D,^(18)O-H_(2)O,^(34)S-SO_(4)isotopes,this study applied principal component analysis,ion ratio and other methods in its attempts to reveal the hydrogeochemical action and sulfur cycle in the subsidence area of Pingyu mining area.The study discovered that,in the studied area,precipitation provides the major supply of groundwater and the main water chemistry effects are dominated by oxidation dissolution of sulfide minerals as well as the dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks.The sulfate in groundwater primarily originates from oxidation and dissolution of sulfide minerals in coal-bearing strata and human activities.The mixed sulfate formed by the oxidation of sulfide minerals and by human activities continuously recharges the groundwater,promoting the dissolution of carbonate rock and silicate rock in the process.
文摘Chinese non-English majors are a large group of English learners.In the process of English pronunciation acquisition,issues such as incomplete phonological knowledge,transfer of mother tongue,and overgeneralization,lead to confusion of phonemes and stress,misunderstanding of syllable structure,and errors of assimilation,drop,and epenthesis.The accuracy of English pronunciation can only be improved by knowing both English and Chinese phonological systems,strengthening the teaching of English phonological knowledge,and adopting various phonological training activities.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710951,2022TQ0087)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z22111)。
文摘The booming wearable/portable electronic devices industry has stimulated the progress of supporting flexible energy storage devices.Excellent performance of flexible devices not only requires the component units of each device to maintain the original performance under external forces,but also demands the overall device to be flexible in response to external fields.However,flexible energy storage devices inevitably occur mechanical damages(extrusion,impact,vibration)/electrical damages(overcharge,over-discharge,external short circuit)during longterm complex deformation conditions,causing serious performance degradation and safety risks.Inspired by the healing phenomenon of nature,endowing energy storage devices with self-healing capability has become a promising strategy to effectively improve the durability and functionality of devices.Herein,this review systematically summarizes the latest progress in intrinsic self-healing chemistry for energy storage devices.Firstly,the main intrinsic self-healing mechanism is introduced.Then,the research situation of electrodes,electrolytes,artificial interface layers and integrated devices based on intrinsic self-healing and advanced characterization technology is reviewed.Finally,the current challenges and perspective are provided.We believe this critical review will contribute to the development of intrinsic self-healing chemistry in the flexible energy storage field.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91844000)。
文摘Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L223009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075029)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2500300)the Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(2021020660301013)。
文摘All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)are considered as one of the ultimate goals for the development of energy storage systems due to their high energy density and high safety.However,the mismatching of interface transport kinetics as well as interfacial instability induces the growth of lithium dendrite and thus,leads to severe degradation of battery electrochemical performances.Herein,an integrated interface configuration(IIC)consisting of in-situ generated Li I interphase and Li-Ag alloy anode is proposed through in-situ interface chemistry.The IIC is capable of not only regulating charge transport kinetics but also synchronously stabilizing the lithium/electrolyte interface,thereby achieving uniform lithium platting.Therefore,Li||Li symmetric cells with IIC achieve a critical current density of up to 1.6 mA cm^(-2)and achieve stable cycling over 1600 hours at a high current density of 0.5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,a high discharge capacity of 140.1 mA h g-1at 0.1 C is also obtained for the Li(Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2))O_(2)(NCM622)full battery with a capacity retention of 65.6%after 300 cycles.This work provides an effective method to synergistically regulate the interface transport kinetics and inhibit lithium dendrite growth for high-performance ASSLMBs.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021RC3021Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials,Grant/Award Numbers:18ZD320304,21fksy24+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ40780National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51902346,52172239Start‐up Funding of Yangtze Region Institute(Huzhou),University of Electronic Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:U03220102。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next-generation“lithium-ion battery beyond”owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur.However,the main obstacles encountered in the commercial implementation of LSBs are the notorious shuttle effect,retarded sulfur redox kinetics,and uncontrolled dendrite growth.Accordingly,single-atom catalysts(SACs),which have ultrahigh catalytic efficiency,tunable coordination configuration,and light weight,have shown huge potential in the field of LSBs to date.This review summarizes the recent research progress of SACs applied as multifunctional components in LSBs.The design principles and typical synthetic strategies of SACs toward effective Li–S chemistry as well as the working mechanism promoting sulfur conversion reactions,inhibiting the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect,and regulating Li+nucleation are comprehensively illustrated.Potential future directions in terms of research on SACs for the realization of commercially viable LSBs are also outlined.
基金Part of the research was supported under Endeavour Fellowship awarded to Niyati G.Kalangutkar by Government of Australia and the work was conducted at Queensland University of Technology Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland
文摘We present data pertaining to mineral assemblages and composition of the Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB)pumices.Eight groups of pumices were identified considering the presence of phenocrysts of plagioclase,clinopyroxene,orthopyroxene,hornblende and biotite together with the occurrence of quartz and glass.Pigeonite,fayalite and ulvospinelare reported for the first time from these pumices.In the eight groups,the modal percentage of the constituents are phenocrysts 3%to 19%(avg 9.6%),silicic glass 33%to 54%(avg 43%)and the rest is vesicles.Based on the above factors we have identified the possible sources of the CIOB pumices.The mineral compositions of plagioclase,pyroxenes,and biotite of the CIOB pumices were compared with those of Krakatau and Toba.Most of the plagioclase and pyroxene compositions resemble the Haranggoal Dacite Tuff of Toba and Krakatau.Considering the mineral assemblages and compositions,there are pumices which do not correlate to any of the above eruptions and are probably from yet unidentified source/sources.These sources could either be from nearby terrestrial volcanoes or intraplate seamounts present in the CIOB.In a global context,it is viable that petrological characteristics could be used as initial criteria to determine the source of pumices that occur at abyssal depths in the world ocean.
文摘Microwave irradiation is considered an important approach to Green Chemistry, because of its ability to rapidly increase the internal temperature of polar-organic compounds that lead to synthesis times of minutes rather than hours when compared to conventional thermal heating. This works describes a dual allometry test for the discrimination between the solvents and reagents used in the microwave-assisted synthesis of transition metal (zinc oxide, palladium silver, platinum, and gold) nanostructures. The test is performed in log-log process energy phase-space projection, where the synthesis data (kJ against kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>) has a power-law signature. The test is shown to discriminate between recommended Green Chemistry, problematic Green Chemistry, and Green Chemistry hazardous solvents. Typically, recommended Green chemistry exhibits a broad y-axes distribution within an upper exponent = 1 and lower exponent = 0.5. Problematic Green Chemistry exhibits a y-axes narrower distribution with an upper exponent = 0.94 and lower exponent = 0.64. Non-Green Chemistry hazardous data exhibits a further narrowing of the y-axes distribution within upper exponent = 0.87 and lower exponent = 0.66. In all three cases, the y-axes is aligned to original database power-law signature. It is also shown that in the x-axes direction (process energy budget) the grouped order of magnitude decreases from four orders for recommended Green Chemistry solvent and reagent data, through two orders for non-Green Chemistry hazardous material and down to one order for problematic Green Chemistry.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1502800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21825203,22288201,and 91945302)+1 种基金the Photon Science Center for Carbon Neutrality,Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1902117)the Youth Innovation Fund of Dalian institute of Chemical Physics (DICP I202125)。
文摘In-depth understanding of the electrolyte-dependent intercalation chemistry in batteries through direct operando/in situ characterizations is crucial for the development of the high-performance batteries.Herein,taking the Al/graphite battery as a model system,the effect of electrolyte coordination structure on the intercalation processes has been investigated over the batteries with either 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(HMICl)-AlCl_(3) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(EMICl)-AlCl_(3) ionic liquid electrolyte using operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray diffraction.With a weaker anion-cation interaction in HMI-based electrolyte,the XPS-derived atomic ratio between cointercalated N and intercalated Al is 0.9,which is lower than 1.6 for EMI-based electrolyte.Attributed to the additional de-solvation process,the batteries with the HMI-based electrolyte show a lower ionic diffusion rate,capacity,and cycling performance,which agree with the operando characterization results.Our findings highlight the critical role of the electrolyte coordination structure on the(co-)intercalation chemistry.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratorys of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(EIPE23308)the Young Talent Recruiting Plans of Xi’an Jiaotong University(DQ6J012)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr042021008,xzy022022049)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2023-JC-QN-0587)the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi’an Jiaotong University。
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)are the potential options for the next-generation energy storage scenarios due to the cost effectiveness and intrinsic safety.Nevertheless,the industrial application of AZIBs is still impeded by a series of parasitic reactions and dendrites at zinc anodes.In this study,taurine(TAU)is used in electrolyte to simultaneously optimize the coordination condition of the ZnSO4electrolyte and interfacial chemistry at the anode.TAU can preferentially adsorb with the zinc metal and induce an in situ stable and protective interface on the anode,which would avoid the connection between H_(2)O and the zinc metal and promote the even deposition of Zn^(2+).The resulting Zn//Zn batteries achieve more than 3000 hours long cyclic lifespan under 1 mA cm^(-2)and an impressive cumulative capacity at 5 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,Zn//Cu batteries can realize a reversible plating/stripping process over 2,400cycles,with a desirable coulombic efficiency of 99.75%(1 mA cm^(-2)).Additionally,the additive endows Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)batteries with more stable cyclic performance and ultrafast rate capability.These capabilities can promote the industrial application of AZIBs.
基金Financial supports from the B-type Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB41000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872046,41902041 and 41173074)the Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Guizhou Province(No.KY[2018]004)are sincerely acknowledged.
文摘Enrichment of As and Au at the overgrowth rims of arsenian pyrite is a distinctive feature of Carlin-type gold ores.Revealing distribution of such key elements in high resolution is of fundamental importance yet often proves challenging.In this study,repeated non-oxidative acid etching of ore samples from Shuiyindong gold deposit was applied to enable elemental depth profiling of goldbearing arsenian pyrite grains.ICP-OES and AAS were used to determine the dissolved Fe,As,and Au concentrations in each of the etching solutions,and XPS was carried out to exam the etched mineral surfaces.In contrast to conventional ion beam etching that may cause substantial sample damage,our acid etching method does not seem to significantly alter the composition and chemical state of the samples.The etched depths directly converted from the measured elemental concentrations can reproducibly reach a very high resolution of~1 nm,and can be conveniently controlled through varying the etching time.While the Fe and As depth profiles consistently reflect the surface oxidation property of arsenian pyrite,the Au profile displaying an obvious upward trend reveals the ore fluid evolution at the late stage of mineralization.Based on our experimental results,we demonstrate that our wet chemistry method is capable of effective depth profiling of gold ore and perhaps other geological samples,with advantages surpassing many instrumental techniques including negligible sample damage,nanoscale resolution as well as isotropic etching.
基金Supported by Project of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education and Research Center Base for Revolutionary Spirit and Cultural Resources of the Communist Party of China in Zunyi Normal University(22KRIZYPY12)Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform and Cultivation Project of Zunyi Normal University in 2022(JGPY2022001)+1 种基金Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform Project of Guizhou Province in 2022(GZJG20220776)Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions Qianbei Modern Mountain High-efficiency Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements Transfer and Transformation Service Rural Revitalization Demonstration Base(Qian Jiao Ji[2022]No.067).
文摘Local red culture is an important educational resource.Integrating it into the course of agronomy majors is an important part of cultivating applied talents who grasp and love agriculture in the new era.This paper analyzes the necessity of integrating local red culture into courses of agronomy majors,discusses the current challenges,and puts forward specific recommendations.
基金supported by the Korea Research Fellowship Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2016H1D3A1909680)supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government (MOTIE) (20215610100040), Development of 20Wh seawater secondary battery unit cellminsisterio de Economia y competitividal (Spain) for the financially supporting this study through Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación program (IJC2018-038426-I)。
文摘High voltage,high energy density,nominal cycle life,and low cost are the most critical requirements of rechargeable batteries for their widespread energy storage applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy technologies.Na-MnO_(2) battery could be a low-cost contender,but it suffers extensively from its low cell voltage and poor rechargeability.In this study,we modified the conventional cell structure of Na-MnO_(2) battery and established altered cell chemistry through a hybrid electrochemical process consisting of Na striping/plating at the anode and Zn^(2+) insertion/de-insertion along with MnO_(2) dissolution/deposition at the cathode.After the modification,Na-MnO_(2) battery exhibits a discharge capacity of 267.10 mA h/g and a cell voltage of 3.30 V(vs.Na/Na^(+)),resulting in a high specific energy density of 881.43 Wh/kg.After 300 cycles,the battery retains 98% of its first-cycle discharge capacity with100% coulombic efficiency.Besides,Na metal-free battery assembled using sodium biphenyl as a safer anode also delivers an excellent energy density of 810.0 Wh/kg.This work could provide a feasible method to develop an advanced Na-MnO_(2) battery for real-time energy storage applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172239)Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials+2 种基金Southwest University of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.21fksy24 and 18ZD320304)Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project(Grant No.CQYC201905041)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing China(Grant No.cstc2021jcyj-jqX0031)。
文摘The defect chemistry is successfully modulated on free-standing and binder-free carbon cathodes for highly efficient Li-S redox reactions.Such rationally regulated defect engineering realizes the synchronization of ion/electron-conductive and defect-rich networks on the threedimension carbon cathode,leading to its tunable activity for both relieving the shuttle phenomenon and accelerating the sulfur redox reaction kinetics.As expected,the defective carbon cathode harvests a high rate capacity of 1217.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 C and a superior capacity retention of61.7%at 2 C after 500 cycles.Even under the sulfur mass loading of 11.1 mg cm^(-2),the defective cathode still holds a remarkable areal capacity of 8.5 mAh cm^(-2).
基金Supported by No.2022-79 Teaching Reform Project of Guangzhou Huashang College(HS2022ZLGC58)No.2022-79 Quality Engineering Project of Guangzhou Huashang College(HS2022ZLGC04).
文摘In order to effectively cultivate applied pharmaceutical talents,aiming at the current teaching situation of organic chemistry,the basic course of pharmaceutical specialty,including the problems of curriculum setting,experimental teaching,and the integration of classroom and professional knowledge,it is proposed to overcome the problem of curriculum setting by combining"online+offline"in teaching.It should overcome the problems in experimental teaching with the help of virtual simulation platform.By cultivating students organic chemistry thinking and paying attention to the integration of subject and professional knowledge,students recognition of organic chemistry course can be improved,and the quality of training can be improved.
文摘The Internet is an important means of communication for contemporary college students,especially those majoring in English,to acquire knowledge about information and improve their oral proficiency.However,research on the relevant oral English autonomous learning ability of English majors shows that the overall learning situation is not satisfying.Based on the development of the concept of autonomous learning,this article explores the current situation and existing problems in oral English autonomous learning of English majors under the context of the Internet,and proposes corresponding autonomous learning strategies for improving their oral English skill.
