According to the report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection exceeded 1.2 million individuals by the year 2022,with an annual increase...According to the report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection exceeded 1.2 million individuals by the year 2022,with an annual increase of about 80000 cases.The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among individuals co-infected with HIV reached 13.7%,almost twice the rate of the general population in China.In addition to the well-documented susceptibility to opportunistic infections and new malignancies,HIV infected patients frequently experience liver-related organ damage,with the liver and kidneys being the most commonly affected.This often leads to the development of end-stage liver and kidney diseases.Therefore,organ transplantation has emerged as an important part of active treatment for HIV infected patients.However,the curative effect is not satisfactory.HIV infection has been considered a contraindication for organ transplantation.Until the emergence of highly active anti-retroviral therapy in 1996,the once intractable replication of retrovirus was effectively inhibited.With prolonged survival,the failure of important organs has become the main cause of death among HIV patients.Therefore,transplant centers worldwide have resu-med exploration of organ transplantation for HIV-infected individuals and reached a positive conclusion.This study provides an overview of the current landscape of HIV-positive patients receiving liver transplantation(LT)in main-land China.To date,our transplant center has conducted LT for eight end-stage liver disease patients co-infected with HIV,and all but one,who died two months postoperatively due to sepsis and progressive multi-organ failure,have survived.Comparative analysis with hepatitis B virus-infected patients during the same period revealed no statistically significant differences in acute rejection reactions,cytomegalovirus infection,bacteremia,pulmonary infections,acute kidney injury,new-onset cancers,or vascular and biliary complications.展开更多
Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become...Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there.Through years of comprehensive geological research in China's sea area,it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene,forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types,such as active continental margin,passive continental margin,transitional continental margin and drift rift basins.In the present study,it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China's sea area,revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic.Next,based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate,paleobotany,paleogeography and paleostructure,it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China's sea area,namely the Paleocene,Eocene,early Oligocene,late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene,and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south.It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic,namely delta,fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon.The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness,many layers and poor stability.However,the coal-bearing series source rocks in China's sea area have a wide distribution range,very high thickness and large amount,thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.展开更多
China's Mars probe,named Tianwen-1,including an orbiter and a landing rover,will be launched during the July-August 2020 Mars launch windows.Selected to be among the rover payloads is a Subsurface Penetrating Rada...China's Mars probe,named Tianwen-1,including an orbiter and a landing rover,will be launched during the July-August 2020 Mars launch windows.Selected to be among the rover payloads is a Subsurface Penetrating Radar module(RoSPR).The main scientific objective of the RoSPR is to characterize the thickness and sub-layer distribution of the Martian soil.The RoSPR consists of two channels.The low frequency channel of the RoSPR will penetrate the Martian soil to depths of 10 to 100 m with a resolution of a few meters.The higher frequency channel will penetrate to a depth of 3 to 10 m with a resolution of a few centimeters.This paper describes the design of the instrument and some results of field experiments.展开更多
This paper focuses on China's primary provinces along its Belt and Road Initiative,measures and analyses the provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) development by GML index based on SBM directional dist...This paper focuses on China's primary provinces along its Belt and Road Initiative,measures and analyses the provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) development by GML index based on SBM directional distance function,discusses the temporal evolution characteristics of spatial convergence of the provincial GTFP under multiple spatial weight matrices,and estimates the net effect of China's Belt and Road Initiative on the development gap of provincial GTFP by regression discontinuity.The research shows that the provincial GTFP is generally good while the internal gap is relatively large.There is spatial absolute βconvergence and condition βconvergence in provincial GTFP,and the convergence speed has been signifcantly accelerated since the construction of China's Belt and Road Initiative.The current low economy level and infrastructure allocation efficiency of primary provinces restrict the GTFP development,while government expenditure has promoted the GTFP development,trade between provinces and countries along China's Belt and Road Initiative is negative to GTFP.China's Belt and Road Initiative has significantly narrowed the gap of provincial GTFP development with the net effect of-0.016.展开更多
In the first half year of 2018,there were changes in China's economic,industrial structure and the changes in government's policy on land and mineral resources.China's geological exploration is continued t...In the first half year of 2018,there were changes in China's economic,industrial structure and the changes in government's policy on land and mineral resources.China's geological exploration is continued to maintain a trend of the growth.The fund investment in geological exploration declined and the impetus for investment in initial exploration was insufficient.The mining market showed a good development trend and the social investment depicted a slight rise.In the first half of the year,the investments in hydrogeologic exploration,environmental geology exploration and geological disaster investigation increased on the year-onyear basis.展开更多
Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong ...Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.展开更多
With sales at a quarter of a trillion and over 1.3 million employees,Wal-Mart has been the biggest retailing success ever before.A lot of Wal-Mart’s success was attributed to the strong and pervasive culture at the c...With sales at a quarter of a trillion and over 1.3 million employees,Wal-Mart has been the biggest retailing success ever before.A lot of Wal-Mart’s success was attributed to the strong and pervasive culture at the company.China’s retailing industry should really learn something about corporate culture-building from this excellent enterprise,so that one day it would become a strong competitor both home and abroad in retailing industry.展开更多
According to the 2019 annual report of China's Paper Industry by China Paper Association(CPA),in 2019,there were about 2700 paper&board manufacturers in China's Mainland.The total production of paper&b...According to the 2019 annual report of China's Paper Industry by China Paper Association(CPA),in 2019,there were about 2700 paper&board manufacturers in China's Mainland.The total production of paper&board was 107.65 million tons,increased by 3.16%and the total consumption was 107.04 million tons,increased by 2.54%compared with 2018,respectively,paper&board per capita consumption was 75 kg(counted in 1.4 billion people).This report includes a rather elaborate analysis of the China's paper industry and is provided for the readers'reference.展开更多
Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to ...Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.展开更多
At present,China's economic development is in a period of great transformation and revolution.China's gross domestic product (GDP)has dropped from the former 10% to about 6.5%,and the economy has entered a new...At present,China's economic development is in a period of great transformation and revolution.China's gross domestic product (GDP)has dropped from the former 10% to about 6.5%,and the economy has entered a new steady development stage.In addition,China's large-scale infrastructure construction,such as railway,highway,airport,wharf,urban transportation and residential housing,has been basically completed.The demand for mineral resources in the whole society has been flat and declining,and geological work has entered a major transition period,which is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:展开更多
China's underwear market, concurrently with the transformation of China's fashion companies' structure performed in recent years, has attracted numerous underwear brands to share the large but limited mark...China's underwear market, concurrently with the transformation of China's fashion companies' structure performed in recent years, has attracted numerous underwear brands to share the large but limited market,especially after entering WTO. Confronting the sharp competition, how can the China's companies survive?The following study answers this urgent question by introducing one functioning pattern for international matured brands to spread in the China's market.展开更多
Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new eco...Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.展开更多
The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets the goal to "end poverty in all its forms everywhere" by 2030. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to build a system of global poverty governance, which ...The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets the goal to "end poverty in all its forms everywhere" by 2030. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to build a system of global poverty governance, which includes not only strengthening the Official Development Assistance (ODA), but also enhancing South-South cooperation. Summarizing China's experience in poverty alleviation and reviewing the major issues facing global poverty governance can help clarify China's approach to participation in the governance, and provide reference for international cooperation in poverty elimination.展开更多
"Ensuring stability in foreign trade"and"ensuring food security"are essential parts of China's"six priorities"and"stability in six areas".Based on the data of bilateral food..."Ensuring stability in foreign trade"and"ensuring food security"are essential parts of China's"six priorities"and"stability in six areas".Based on the data of bilateral food trade between countries during 1996-2018,using descriptive statistical analysis and social network analysis methods,this paper analyzed the changes of China's trade position in the world food trade network.It reached the following results.(i)China's position in the trade network has undergone a phased process of"remarkable improvement-continuous fluctuation-significant decline-steady growth".(ii)Export participation is better than import participation,the gap between trade export strength and import strength is widening,and the effective scale and constraint index gradually improve.(iii)The change of China's position in the food trade network is affected by geographical,economic,institutional and cultural factors.In view of these findings,it is recommended to improve node centrality,enhance network participation,improve network interconnection,and prevent international market risks,so as to better deal with the complex international environment.展开更多
This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 19...This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.展开更多
The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoptio...The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoption of reform and opening up policy and setting of new journey of China's diplomacy.展开更多
In order to study the present crustal movement and geodynamics in China's continent, a countrywide GPS monitoring network consisting of 22 stations was set up evenly on major tectonic blocks in China's contine...In order to study the present crustal movement and geodynamics in China's continent, a countrywide GPS monitoring network consisting of 22 stations was set up evenly on major tectonic blocks in China's continent in the early 1990s. Three-phase observations using the network were carried out in 1992, 1994, and 1996, respectively. In this paper, the data processing and accuracy of the three-phase observations are examined and the basic characteristics of present block movement in China's continent are analyzed based on the data of three-phase repeated observations. The study result indicates that the accuracy of data obtained in three-phase observations on the GPS network reaches 10-8 ～ 10-9, which is adequate to the need of monitoring of crustal movement. A model for block movement in China's continent constructed based on the result of the three-phase observations has effectively tested the results of geological and geophysical studies. In global framework, China's continent as a whole shows its clear eastward motion and its regional movement relative to Siberian block is characterized by that the western China is mainly affected by northward subduction and pushing of Indian Plate. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows clear eastward lateral slip simultaneously with longitudinal compression. It is more favorable to the escape model for the continent. Block movement of eastern China is under the combined effect of Indian, Pacific,and Philippine plates, resulting in northeastern and eastern motions of eastern China up to southeastern coastal region where the effect of Philippine Plate strengthens.展开更多
In 2018, under the guidance of President Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China's rare earth industry has made steady progress with significant improvement in overa...In 2018, under the guidance of President Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China's rare earth industry has made steady progress with significant improvement in overall efficiency, a constant improvement in management system and a steady improvement in development quality.展开更多
2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy. To China’s apparel industry, 2018 was a year full of challenges, changes and tests. Faced with the volatile international sit...2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy. To China’s apparel industry, 2018 was a year full of challenges, changes and tests. Faced with the volatile international situ-ations and the tremendous pressure of the domestic structural adjustment, China’s apparel industry had maintained an overall steady development momentum characterized by steady performance on the domestic and foreign sales market, steady improvement of the operation quality and efficiency, improvement of transformation and upgrade effects, regardless of gathering crises and uncertainties.展开更多
By analyzing China's national image in the eyes of European missionaries, philosophers, and writers during the Enlightenment, it was concluded that in the 18 ^(th) century, Europe's understanding of China cove...By analyzing China's national image in the eyes of European missionaries, philosophers, and writers during the Enlightenment, it was concluded that in the 18 ^(th) century, Europe's understanding of China covered the fields of matter, system, and culture, and Western countries have placed their political expectations on China.展开更多
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology R&D Fund,No.JCYJ20220530163011026Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital,No.G2022008 and No.G2021008.
文摘According to the report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection exceeded 1.2 million individuals by the year 2022,with an annual increase of about 80000 cases.The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among individuals co-infected with HIV reached 13.7%,almost twice the rate of the general population in China.In addition to the well-documented susceptibility to opportunistic infections and new malignancies,HIV infected patients frequently experience liver-related organ damage,with the liver and kidneys being the most commonly affected.This often leads to the development of end-stage liver and kidney diseases.Therefore,organ transplantation has emerged as an important part of active treatment for HIV infected patients.However,the curative effect is not satisfactory.HIV infection has been considered a contraindication for organ transplantation.Until the emergence of highly active anti-retroviral therapy in 1996,the once intractable replication of retrovirus was effectively inhibited.With prolonged survival,the failure of important organs has become the main cause of death among HIV patients.Therefore,transplant centers worldwide have resu-med exploration of organ transplantation for HIV-infected individuals and reached a positive conclusion.This study provides an overview of the current landscape of HIV-positive patients receiving liver transplantation(LT)in main-land China.To date,our transplant center has conducted LT for eight end-stage liver disease patients co-infected with HIV,and all but one,who died two months postoperatively due to sepsis and progressive multi-organ failure,have survived.Comparative analysis with hepatitis B virus-infected patients during the same period revealed no statistically significant differences in acute rejection reactions,cytomegalovirus infection,bacteremia,pulmonary infections,acute kidney injury,new-onset cancers,or vascular and biliary complications.
基金The Ministry of Land and Resources Project of Oil and Gas Resource Investigation and Evaluation under contract Nos XQ-2004-05 and XQ-2007-05the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under contract No.2009CB219400+3 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project under contract Nos 2008ZX05025,2011ZX05025 and2016ZX05026the National Natural Science Foundation under contract Nos 41872172 and 42072188the Research and Innovation Team Support Program of Shandong University of Science and Technology under contract No.2018TDJH101Hebei Provincial Resources Survey and Research Laboratory Open Foundation。
文摘Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China.It has been found that China's sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas,and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there.Through years of comprehensive geological research in China's sea area,it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene,forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types,such as active continental margin,passive continental margin,transitional continental margin and drift rift basins.In the present study,it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China's sea area,revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic.Next,based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate,paleobotany,paleogeography and paleostructure,it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China's sea area,namely the Paleocene,Eocene,early Oligocene,late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene,and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south.It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic,namely delta,fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon.The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness,many layers and poor stability.However,the coal-bearing series source rocks in China's sea area have a wide distribution range,very high thickness and large amount,thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas.
基金support from the China National Space Administration.
文摘China's Mars probe,named Tianwen-1,including an orbiter and a landing rover,will be launched during the July-August 2020 Mars launch windows.Selected to be among the rover payloads is a Subsurface Penetrating Radar module(RoSPR).The main scientific objective of the RoSPR is to characterize the thickness and sub-layer distribution of the Martian soil.The RoSPR consists of two channels.The low frequency channel of the RoSPR will penetrate the Martian soil to depths of 10 to 100 m with a resolution of a few meters.The higher frequency channel will penetrate to a depth of 3 to 10 m with a resolution of a few centimeters.This paper describes the design of the instrument and some results of field experiments.
文摘This paper focuses on China's primary provinces along its Belt and Road Initiative,measures and analyses the provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) development by GML index based on SBM directional distance function,discusses the temporal evolution characteristics of spatial convergence of the provincial GTFP under multiple spatial weight matrices,and estimates the net effect of China's Belt and Road Initiative on the development gap of provincial GTFP by regression discontinuity.The research shows that the provincial GTFP is generally good while the internal gap is relatively large.There is spatial absolute βconvergence and condition βconvergence in provincial GTFP,and the convergence speed has been signifcantly accelerated since the construction of China's Belt and Road Initiative.The current low economy level and infrastructure allocation efficiency of primary provinces restrict the GTFP development,while government expenditure has promoted the GTFP development,trade between provinces and countries along China's Belt and Road Initiative is negative to GTFP.China's Belt and Road Initiative has significantly narrowed the gap of provincial GTFP development with the net effect of-0.016.
文摘In the first half year of 2018,there were changes in China's economic,industrial structure and the changes in government's policy on land and mineral resources.China's geological exploration is continued to maintain a trend of the growth.The fund investment in geological exploration declined and the impetus for investment in initial exploration was insufficient.The mining market showed a good development trend and the social investment depicted a slight rise.In the first half of the year,the investments in hydrogeologic exploration,environmental geology exploration and geological disaster investigation increased on the year-onyear basis.
文摘Objective:To study the characteristics of the clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in five countries and regions where traditional medicine(TM)is widely used:Japan;South Korea;China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China.And to analyze,from multiple angles,the variations in the methods of TM used in each countries and regions.Methods:Fifty commonly used traditional herbs(TOP50)from classical formulae were selected,and descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,and Friedman test were used to compare methods of clinical application and dosages in the countries and regions of interest based on a retrospective review of randomly-selected medical records.Results:There were significant differences in sequencing TOP50 among the five countries and regions(P<.01).The adherence to the classical formulae,from strong to weak was Japan;China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea.There were also significant differences in TOP50 dosing regimens(P<.01).Overall dosages of TOP50 from high to low were:China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China;Taiwan,China;South Korea;Japan.Finally,there were significant differences in the dosage intervals(P<.01),with dosage intervals from maximum to minimum as follows:China's Mainland;Taiwan,China;Hong Kong,China;South Korea;Japan.Conclusions:The clinical dosages of traditional herbal medicine used in the China's Mainland are relatively large compared with those prescribed in the other four countries and regions,and the range of dosages in China's Mainland is more flexible.On the other hand,clinical dosages of TOP50 are the lowest in Japan,where the dosage range is also the narrowest,supporting the idea that Doctors of Kampo medicine are highly cautious and are likely to adhere strictly to classical formulae,while Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China are in the middle.The dosage of TOP50 in South Korea is significantly lower than that used in the China's Mainland;Hong Kong,China and Taiwan,China where the adherence to the classical formulae was the lowest,albeit slightly higher than that in Japan.The methods of clinical application of traditional herbal medicine in the five countries and regions were affected by multiple factors,including history,geography,climate,and culture.
文摘With sales at a quarter of a trillion and over 1.3 million employees,Wal-Mart has been the biggest retailing success ever before.A lot of Wal-Mart’s success was attributed to the strong and pervasive culture at the company.China’s retailing industry should really learn something about corporate culture-building from this excellent enterprise,so that one day it would become a strong competitor both home and abroad in retailing industry.
文摘According to the 2019 annual report of China's Paper Industry by China Paper Association(CPA),in 2019,there were about 2700 paper&board manufacturers in China's Mainland.The total production of paper&board was 107.65 million tons,increased by 3.16%and the total consumption was 107.04 million tons,increased by 2.54%compared with 2018,respectively,paper&board per capita consumption was 75 kg(counted in 1.4 billion people).This report includes a rather elaborate analysis of the China's paper industry and is provided for the readers'reference.
文摘Background:The number of papers published in the field of nursing practice has greatly increased in recent years in China's Mainland,yet the quality of these papers is highly variable.There has been no attempt to comprehensively estimate the overall quantity and quality of these papers.Objectives:To systematically retrieve nursing intervention studies published in simplified Chinese from 1979 to 2012,critically appraise their quality,and provide suggestions for future development.Methods:All of the papers were retrieved from China Biology Medicine disc database.The preliminary screening of retrieved publications was performed prior to conducting a rigorous quality evaluation of the remaining publications.10 characteristics would be included in consideration in quality evaluations.Results:69,150 papers were retrieved according to searching strategy.7391 of them were included after preliminary screening and appraised critically.Among the 10 characteristics considered in quality evaluations,the lowest ratings were observed for the factors of“utilisation of blind method”(13 articles),“description of loss of follow-up”(499 articles),“appropriate calculation of sample size”(511 articles)and“randomised assignment of patients to treatments”(652 articles).Conclusions:Chinese papers published in the field of nursing practice have increased over time,but improvements remain needed to ensure that thorough studies with high-quality research methodologies are being performed.Future nursing researchers should not only improve the design of their intervention studies but also clearly describe the methodology they used,especially in group randomisation,blinded research designs,and estimations of required sample sizes.
文摘At present,China's economic development is in a period of great transformation and revolution.China's gross domestic product (GDP)has dropped from the former 10% to about 6.5%,and the economy has entered a new steady development stage.In addition,China's large-scale infrastructure construction,such as railway,highway,airport,wharf,urban transportation and residential housing,has been basically completed.The demand for mineral resources in the whole society has been flat and declining,and geological work has entered a major transition period,which is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:
文摘China's underwear market, concurrently with the transformation of China's fashion companies' structure performed in recent years, has attracted numerous underwear brands to share the large but limited market,especially after entering WTO. Confronting the sharp competition, how can the China's companies survive?The following study answers this urgent question by introducing one functioning pattern for international matured brands to spread in the China's market.
文摘Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.
文摘The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets the goal to "end poverty in all its forms everywhere" by 2030. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to build a system of global poverty governance, which includes not only strengthening the Official Development Assistance (ODA), but also enhancing South-South cooperation. Summarizing China's experience in poverty alleviation and reviewing the major issues facing global poverty governance can help clarify China's approach to participation in the governance, and provide reference for international cooperation in poverty elimination.
基金2021 Graduate Innovation Special Fund Project"Study on Impacts of China's Grain Seed Trade Risk on Grain Supply Security Level"Management Science Project of Jiangxi Province"Study on Measures for Accelerating the Development of Agricultural High-tech Industries in Jiangxi Province".
文摘"Ensuring stability in foreign trade"and"ensuring food security"are essential parts of China's"six priorities"and"stability in six areas".Based on the data of bilateral food trade between countries during 1996-2018,using descriptive statistical analysis and social network analysis methods,this paper analyzed the changes of China's trade position in the world food trade network.It reached the following results.(i)China's position in the trade network has undergone a phased process of"remarkable improvement-continuous fluctuation-significant decline-steady growth".(ii)Export participation is better than import participation,the gap between trade export strength and import strength is widening,and the effective scale and constraint index gradually improve.(iii)The change of China's position in the food trade network is affected by geographical,economic,institutional and cultural factors.In view of these findings,it is recommended to improve node centrality,enhance network participation,improve network interconnection,and prevent international market risks,so as to better deal with the complex international environment.
基金"The Economic Contribution and World Influence of China's Development Governance over Four Decades since the Reform and Opening up"(18BJ1003),funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSF),2018"China’s Long-term Economic Development:from the Perspective of Governmental Governance and Institutional Evolution"(14WJL008),a Chinese academic works translation project funded by the National Philosophy and Social Science Fund,2014+1 种基金"A Study on the Role of Governmental Governance in China’s Economic Miracle"(2017BHB016),a general project funded by the Shanghai Municipal Philosophy and Social Science Fund,2017"From Dual Control to Dual Delegation:The Political Economics of the Evolution of Chinese Urban-Rural Economic Relationship"(16SG06),a project funded by the"Dawn"Program of Shanghai Education Commission
文摘This article summarizes a series of valuable accomplishments of China's government in promoting economic development, reducing poverty, maintaining social stability, and increasing people's prosperity since 1949. It summarizes the economic analysis framework of development governance in mainstream economics, and further analyzes the connotations and extensions of the conceptual framework. This paper also summarizes some of the core economic characteristics embodied in China's Reform and Development Governance since the reform, and further explores the necessity and direction of its future modernization and its impacts on different countries and regions in the world.
文摘The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoption of reform and opening up policy and setting of new journey of China's diplomacy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation ( No. 49074005) China and the paper is a result of the scaling scientific research project of " Study on Recent Crustal Movement and Geodynamics .
文摘In order to study the present crustal movement and geodynamics in China's continent, a countrywide GPS monitoring network consisting of 22 stations was set up evenly on major tectonic blocks in China's continent in the early 1990s. Three-phase observations using the network were carried out in 1992, 1994, and 1996, respectively. In this paper, the data processing and accuracy of the three-phase observations are examined and the basic characteristics of present block movement in China's continent are analyzed based on the data of three-phase repeated observations. The study result indicates that the accuracy of data obtained in three-phase observations on the GPS network reaches 10-8 ～ 10-9, which is adequate to the need of monitoring of crustal movement. A model for block movement in China's continent constructed based on the result of the three-phase observations has effectively tested the results of geological and geophysical studies. In global framework, China's continent as a whole shows its clear eastward motion and its regional movement relative to Siberian block is characterized by that the western China is mainly affected by northward subduction and pushing of Indian Plate. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shows clear eastward lateral slip simultaneously with longitudinal compression. It is more favorable to the escape model for the continent. Block movement of eastern China is under the combined effect of Indian, Pacific,and Philippine plates, resulting in northeastern and eastern motions of eastern China up to southeastern coastal region where the effect of Philippine Plate strengthens.
文摘In 2018, under the guidance of President Xi Jinping's Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China's rare earth industry has made steady progress with significant improvement in overall efficiency, a constant improvement in management system and a steady improvement in development quality.
文摘2018 marked the 40th anniversary of China’s adoption of the reform and opening-up policy. To China’s apparel industry, 2018 was a year full of challenges, changes and tests. Faced with the volatile international situ-ations and the tremendous pressure of the domestic structural adjustment, China’s apparel industry had maintained an overall steady development momentum characterized by steady performance on the domestic and foreign sales market, steady improvement of the operation quality and efficiency, improvement of transformation and upgrade effects, regardless of gathering crises and uncertainties.
基金Sponsored by "Twelfth Five-year Plan" Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)
文摘By analyzing China's national image in the eyes of European missionaries, philosophers, and writers during the Enlightenment, it was concluded that in the 18 ^(th) century, Europe's understanding of China covered the fields of matter, system, and culture, and Western countries have placed their political expectations on China.
