To examine the ability of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model to detect the origins and paths of moisture supplied to Southeast China, trajectories of air particles released over...To examine the ability of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model to detect the origins and paths of moisture supplied to Southeast China, trajectories of air particles released over Southeast China were traced backward during 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 and three typical regional persistent heavy rainfall events. The HYSPLIT model provides more insightful information than water vapor flux. Analysis of the specific humidity along the trajectories revealed the origins of moisture and their contributions to the moisture supply in Southeast China. In the boreal summer half year, four key moisture transport paths from the eastern Indian Ocean, central Indian Ocean, South China Sea(SCS), and western North Pacific(WNP) contribute 10%, 20%, 31%, and 16% of the moisture to Southeast China,respectively. In the winter half year, the contributions of the paths from the WNP and North China double. Examination of heavy rainfall events showed that under tropical storm conditions, all moisture transport routines are rotated cyclonically before reaching Southeast China. The invasion of cold air can trigger heavy rainfall in both the summer and winter half years but plays different roles: it does not contribute to the moisture supply but plays a key role in converging and uplifting the moisture in the summer half year, while it supplies a great amount of moisture in the winter half year as it absorbs abundant moisture in crossing the WNP.展开更多
The inventive foundation of mobile cellular technologies was laid about 100 years ago. Wireless voice service was commercialised in the 1940s by AT&T. In Germany, public and non-cellular wireless service was estab...The inventive foundation of mobile cellular technologies was laid about 100 years ago. Wireless voice service was commercialised in the 1940s by AT&T. In Germany, public and non-cellular wireless service was established by Deutsche Bundespost in the late 1950s and the first analogue cellular network called C-Netz emerged in the mid-1980s. In China, the first mobile cellular networks called TACS-A and TACS-B were installed by Ministry of Post and Telecommunication in the late 1980s. While describing the events in Germany and China, this paper concentrates on discussing the related technologies and their impacts in the marketplace. A comparison summarises some important findings. Japan and Europe's Nordic countries were the first nations to commercialise the 1st generation analogous cellular technologies. There existed A- and B-Network in Germany and China, but the network nature of them is quite different. The market development in Germany and China was similar. The enlarged network capacity accommodated gradually more subscribers and prices related to the cellular services fell continuously. However, China's fee system was more complicated and has adopted the RPP regime, while Germany has been using the CPP billing. The article concludes that implications such as the relationship between science and technology, time lag between scientific discovery and technological applications and technology spillover from military to civilian area are the economic lessons learnt from the story of cellular origin.展开更多
China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made...China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made.How did China's reform begin in the countryside? Why were the initial breakthroughs made there? What is its significance? This article elaborates on these questions,urging that we should carry out a scientific outlook on development in the spirit of the 17th Party Congress,and steadfastly deepen the rural reform of rural.Research into these issues will help us gain a deeper understanding of the rural reform.展开更多
Post-collision felsic rocks in Southeastern Yunnan province contain granodiorites. U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical data and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these rocks are reported in the present paper. Laser ablation inductive...Post-collision felsic rocks in Southeastern Yunnan province contain granodiorites. U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical data and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these rocks are reported in the present paper. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon analyses yielded consistent age 252.5 ± 1.0 Ma for one sample of the felsic rocks. The granodiorites were characterized by variational and high (87Sr/86Sr)i, ranging from 0.7223 to 0.7236 and very low εNd (t) values from –29.1 to –30.4. In addition, these rocks are characterized by slight Eu negative anomalies, Nb, Ta, Ti and Sr negative anomalies on primitive mantle normalization spider. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that these rocks were derived from an enriched crust source. The granodiorites resulted from the fractionation of potassium feldspar, plagioclase and ilmenite or rutile. However, the granodiorites were unaffected by visible crustal contamination during ascent. As a result, the granodiorites may have been formed due to partial melting of crust-derived sedimentary rocks beneath southeastern Yunnan province, southern China.展开更多
The competition among cellphone brands in the world is getting fiercer and fiercer in 3G era.This paper intends to examine the level of consumers' brand origin recognition accuracy of high-involved products (refer...The competition among cellphone brands in the world is getting fiercer and fiercer in 3G era.This paper intends to examine the level of consumers' brand origin recognition accuracy of high-involved products (referred to hereafter as BORAHI),investigate the factors facilitating BORAHI,and trace the implications of BORAHI on brand evaluation,especially in cellphone industry.The BORAHI is measured in China through cellphones as the product object and a consumers' cognitive model of BORAHI is built.The paper concludes that:Chinese urban consumers have a fairly high BORAHI;better-educated consumers demonstrate higher BORAHI scores for foreign brands;male consumers have higher BORAHI scores than females consumers;consumers lower in ethnocentrism exhibit higher level of BORAHI for foreign brands,and ethnocentrism has no effect on BORAHI for local brands;international experience is not related to BORAHI for local brands;international experience is positively related to education and income respectively,but it is negatively related to age.This research finds that the consumer behavior in China,one of emerging markets,is significantly different from that in developed countries.展开更多
The characteristic structures of the Precambrian cherts from the Gusui section, Guangdong, Chi -na, include bedded structure, laminated structure, massive structure and pseudobrecciated structure.The chert is characte...The characteristic structures of the Precambrian cherts from the Gusui section, Guangdong, Chi -na, include bedded structure, laminated structure, massive structure and pseudobrecciated structure.The chert is characterized by consistently low abundance of TiO2, Al2O3 and most trace elements.Howevver, it is enriched in Ba, As, Sb, Hg and Se. In Al-Fe-Mn temary diagrams, it falls into the "hydrothermal field". Correspondence analysis and factor analysis show that many elements show up in the factor that represents the leaching of country rocks by hydrothermal solutions, and are the very characteristic element association of the geochemically anomalous South China basement.Petrologic and geochemical evidence suggests a hydrothermal origin for the chert. The chert may have been formed in a Precambrian rift or an extension zone develoed within the Yunkai marginal geospyncline , with a fault system linking it to an unknown heat source at depth.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of petrophysical research and exploration achievements of low resistivity pay (LRP)zone by well logs in China.It includes geological characteristics and characteristics of well log resp...This paper presents an overview of petrophysical research and exploration achievements of low resistivity pay (LRP)zone by well logs in China.It includes geological characteristics and characteristics of well log response of the low resistivity pay zones discovered and evaluated in recent years,as well as the problems in recognizing and evaluating low resistivity pay zones by well logs.The research areas mainly include the Neogene formations in the Bohai Bay Basin,the Triassic formations in the northern Tarim Basin and the Cretaceous formations in the Junggar Basin.The petrophysical research concerning recognition and evaluation of the low resistivity pays,based on their genetic types,is introduced in this paper.展开更多
The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differen...The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE) of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules; the crusts show the highest ∑REE, whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest ∑REE. The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns, the enriched light REE(LREE), the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe), and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu), suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin. Moreover, the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules, which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples. The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency ∑REE and δCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers, suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment; in addition, the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change) during its growth, although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable. On the basis of the regional ∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples, and the REE contents are relatively low. Therefore, the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements, including REE and other trace elements. Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns, implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits, which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment, and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment. This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption.展开更多
Most previous studies have investigated country-of-origin effect for agricultural products from the economically developed country, but few have focused on the impact of country-of-origin on agricultural products from...Most previous studies have investigated country-of-origin effect for agricultural products from the economically developed country, but few have focused on the impact of country-of-origin on agricultural products from economically developing countries. Using a national online survey in France, we determine French consumers' perceptions and preferences for fresh fruit from China. Results of ordered logit models show that fresh fruit from China was perceived as low quality and unsafe. Respondents who care about country-of-origin were less likely to purchase fresh fruit from China, while those who care about brand were more likely to buy Chinese fresh fruit. Risk perception and quality perception both had a significant impact on the purchase of Chinese fresh fruit. Results of latent class models obtained with key consumer demographics show that heterogeneous preferences exist among different consumer groups. The results provide critical information to both China and other economically developing countries in their efforts to improve market penetration in economically developed countries.展开更多
A new species, referable to a new genus, is erected, and named the Sinokalligramma jurassicum gen. et sp. nov. It is the second finding of kalligrammatids in the Daohugou Formation. The origin and migration of the fam...A new species, referable to a new genus, is erected, and named the Sinokalligramma jurassicum gen. et sp. nov. It is the second finding of kalligrammatids in the Daohugou Formation. The origin and migration of the family Kalligrammatidae are discussed. The geological age and stratigraphic correlation of the Daohugou and Karabastau Formations are briefly reviewed and reassessed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Project Nos.41175079,41405045 and 41375096)Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.CUHK441313)
文摘To examine the ability of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model to detect the origins and paths of moisture supplied to Southeast China, trajectories of air particles released over Southeast China were traced backward during 1 April 2012 to 31 March 2013 and three typical regional persistent heavy rainfall events. The HYSPLIT model provides more insightful information than water vapor flux. Analysis of the specific humidity along the trajectories revealed the origins of moisture and their contributions to the moisture supply in Southeast China. In the boreal summer half year, four key moisture transport paths from the eastern Indian Ocean, central Indian Ocean, South China Sea(SCS), and western North Pacific(WNP) contribute 10%, 20%, 31%, and 16% of the moisture to Southeast China,respectively. In the winter half year, the contributions of the paths from the WNP and North China double. Examination of heavy rainfall events showed that under tropical storm conditions, all moisture transport routines are rotated cyclonically before reaching Southeast China. The invasion of cold air can trigger heavy rainfall in both the summer and winter half years but plays different roles: it does not contribute to the moisture supply but plays a key role in converging and uplifting the moisture in the summer half year, while it supplies a great amount of moisture in the winter half year as it absorbs abundant moisture in crossing the WNP.
文摘The inventive foundation of mobile cellular technologies was laid about 100 years ago. Wireless voice service was commercialised in the 1940s by AT&T. In Germany, public and non-cellular wireless service was established by Deutsche Bundespost in the late 1950s and the first analogue cellular network called C-Netz emerged in the mid-1980s. In China, the first mobile cellular networks called TACS-A and TACS-B were installed by Ministry of Post and Telecommunication in the late 1980s. While describing the events in Germany and China, this paper concentrates on discussing the related technologies and their impacts in the marketplace. A comparison summarises some important findings. Japan and Europe's Nordic countries were the first nations to commercialise the 1st generation analogous cellular technologies. There existed A- and B-Network in Germany and China, but the network nature of them is quite different. The market development in Germany and China was similar. The enlarged network capacity accommodated gradually more subscribers and prices related to the cellular services fell continuously. However, China's fee system was more complicated and has adopted the RPP regime, while Germany has been using the CPP billing. The article concludes that implications such as the relationship between science and technology, time lag between scientific discovery and technological applications and technology spillover from military to civilian area are the economic lessons learnt from the story of cellular origin.
文摘China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made.How did China's reform begin in the countryside? Why were the initial breakthroughs made there? What is its significance? This article elaborates on these questions,urging that we should carry out a scientific outlook on development in the spirit of the 17th Party Congress,and steadfastly deepen the rural reform of rural.Research into these issues will help us gain a deeper understanding of the rural reform.
文摘Post-collision felsic rocks in Southeastern Yunnan province contain granodiorites. U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical data and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these rocks are reported in the present paper. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon analyses yielded consistent age 252.5 ± 1.0 Ma for one sample of the felsic rocks. The granodiorites were characterized by variational and high (87Sr/86Sr)i, ranging from 0.7223 to 0.7236 and very low εNd (t) values from –29.1 to –30.4. In addition, these rocks are characterized by slight Eu negative anomalies, Nb, Ta, Ti and Sr negative anomalies on primitive mantle normalization spider. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that these rocks were derived from an enriched crust source. The granodiorites resulted from the fractionation of potassium feldspar, plagioclase and ilmenite or rutile. However, the granodiorites were unaffected by visible crustal contamination during ascent. As a result, the granodiorites may have been formed due to partial melting of crust-derived sedimentary rocks beneath southeastern Yunnan province, southern China.
基金This paper was supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China under Crant No. 2012CB315805 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Crants No. 71172135, No. 71201011+1 种基金 the Ministry of FAucatinn of the People＇s Republic of China under Crant No. 09YJC630074 the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Crant No. 2011 RC044.
文摘The competition among cellphone brands in the world is getting fiercer and fiercer in 3G era.This paper intends to examine the level of consumers' brand origin recognition accuracy of high-involved products (referred to hereafter as BORAHI),investigate the factors facilitating BORAHI,and trace the implications of BORAHI on brand evaluation,especially in cellphone industry.The BORAHI is measured in China through cellphones as the product object and a consumers' cognitive model of BORAHI is built.The paper concludes that:Chinese urban consumers have a fairly high BORAHI;better-educated consumers demonstrate higher BORAHI scores for foreign brands;male consumers have higher BORAHI scores than females consumers;consumers lower in ethnocentrism exhibit higher level of BORAHI for foreign brands,and ethnocentrism has no effect on BORAHI for local brands;international experience is not related to BORAHI for local brands;international experience is positively related to education and income respectively,but it is negatively related to age.This research finds that the consumer behavior in China,one of emerging markets,is significantly different from that in developed countries.
文摘The characteristic structures of the Precambrian cherts from the Gusui section, Guangdong, Chi -na, include bedded structure, laminated structure, massive structure and pseudobrecciated structure.The chert is characterized by consistently low abundance of TiO2, Al2O3 and most trace elements.Howevver, it is enriched in Ba, As, Sb, Hg and Se. In Al-Fe-Mn temary diagrams, it falls into the "hydrothermal field". Correspondence analysis and factor analysis show that many elements show up in the factor that represents the leaching of country rocks by hydrothermal solutions, and are the very characteristic element association of the geochemically anomalous South China basement.Petrologic and geochemical evidence suggests a hydrothermal origin for the chert. The chert may have been formed in a Precambrian rift or an extension zone develoed within the Yunkai marginal geospyncline , with a fault system linking it to an unknown heat source at depth.
基金Supported by CNPC Innovation Foundation,Research Projects of PetroChina,Xinjiang and Tarim Oil Companies
文摘This paper presents an overview of petrophysical research and exploration achievements of low resistivity pay (LRP)zone by well logs in China.It includes geological characteristics and characteristics of well log response of the low resistivity pay zones discovered and evaluated in recent years,as well as the problems in recognizing and evaluating low resistivity pay zones by well logs.The research areas mainly include the Neogene formations in the Bohai Bay Basin,the Triassic formations in the northern Tarim Basin and the Cretaceous formations in the Junggar Basin.The petrophysical research concerning recognition and evaluation of the low resistivity pays,based on their genetic types,is introduced in this paper.
基金financially supported by the National12th Five Year Plan Project(No.DY-125-13-R-05)Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.40343019.40473024)+2 种基金project from the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research in Nanjing University(No.20-15-07)the Project Supported by Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2011)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.121gjc05,091gpy09)
文摘The rare earth elements(REE) composition of the polymetallic crusts and nodules obtained from the South China Sea(SCS) were analyzed through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results revealed great differences in the REE abundances(∑REE) of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules; the crusts show the highest ∑REE, whereas the nodules exhibit the lowest ∑REE. The similarity in their NASC-normalized patterns, the enriched light REE(LREE), the markedly positive Ce anomaly(δCe), and the non-or weakly positive Eu anomaly(δEu), suggest that the polymetallic crusts and nodules are of hydrogenetic origin. Moreover, the REE contents and their relevant parameters are quite different among the various layers of the crusts and nodules, which probably results from the different marginal sea environments and mineral assemblages of the samples. The growth profiles of the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules reveal the tendency ∑REE and δCe to slightly increase from the outer to the inner layers, suggesting that the growth environments of these samples changed smoothly from an oxidizing to a relatively reducing environment; in addition, the crust ST1 may have experienced a regressive event(sea-level change) during its growth, although the REE composition of the seawater remained relatively stable. On the basis of the regional ∑REE distribution in the SCS crusts and nodules,the samples collected near the northern margin were influenced by terrigenous material more strongly compared with the other samples, and the REE contents are relatively low. Therefore, the special geotectonic environment is a significant factor influencing the abundance of elements, including REE and other trace elements. Compared with the oceanic seamount crusts and deep-sea nodules from other oceans,the SCS polymetallic crusts and nodules exhibit special REE compositions and shale-normalized patterns, implying that the samples are of marginal sea-type Fe-Mn sedimentary deposits, which are strongly affected by the epicontinental environment, and that they grew in a more oxidative seawater environment. This analysis indicates that the oxidized seawater environment and the special nano property of their Fe-Mn minerals enrich the REE adsorption.
基金supported by the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (Hatch project FLA-FRE-005292)supported by the China Scholarship Council,the Humanities +1 种基金Social Science Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (13YJC790138)the Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Fund,China (2017SJB0191)
文摘Most previous studies have investigated country-of-origin effect for agricultural products from the economically developed country, but few have focused on the impact of country-of-origin on agricultural products from economically developing countries. Using a national online survey in France, we determine French consumers' perceptions and preferences for fresh fruit from China. Results of ordered logit models show that fresh fruit from China was perceived as low quality and unsafe. Respondents who care about country-of-origin were less likely to purchase fresh fruit from China, while those who care about brand were more likely to buy Chinese fresh fruit. Risk perception and quality perception both had a significant impact on the purchase of Chinese fresh fruit. Results of latent class models obtained with key consumer demographics show that heterogeneous preferences exist among different consumer groups. The results provide critical information to both China and other economically developing countries in their efforts to improve market penetration in economically developed countries.
文摘A new species, referable to a new genus, is erected, and named the Sinokalligramma jurassicum gen. et sp. nov. It is the second finding of kalligrammatids in the Daohugou Formation. The origin and migration of the family Kalligrammatidae are discussed. The geological age and stratigraphic correlation of the Daohugou and Karabastau Formations are briefly reviewed and reassessed.
