By using cross-section data on consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province in 2007 and 2008,this paper adopts ELES model to conduct empirical analysis on consumption structure of rural residents in Gans...By using cross-section data on consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province in 2007 and 2008,this paper adopts ELES model to conduct empirical analysis on consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province.It indicates that in the current consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province,food expenditure is still at the most important and basic level;the overall consumption level of rural residents in Gansu Province is not high;at present,the consumption of rural residents in Gansu Province still hinges in a large measure on income,vulnerable to the price fluctuation.Consequently,increasing farmers' income and stabilizing the level of commodity price,turns out to be a foundation as well as an important approach to improve consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province.展开更多
According to the household consumption data of urban residents in Guangxi Statistical Yearbook in the year 2009, the ELES (Extended Linear Expenditure System) is used to analyze the consumption structure, the propensi...According to the household consumption data of urban residents in Guangxi Statistical Yearbook in the year 2009, the ELES (Extended Linear Expenditure System) is used to analyze the consumption structure, the propensity to consume, and the consumer flexibility of urban residents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China in the year 2008. Result shows that urban residents in Guangxi has relatively low propensity to consume. And their consumption, especially the middle and low-income families, is mostly concentrated in food, cloth, lodging and other basic necessities of life, which account for more than a half of their income. Based on this, corresponding suggestions are put forward to enlarge the consumption demand of urban residents in Guangxi, such as increasing the regulation of income redistribution, minimizing the gap between the rich and the poor, enhancing the overall consumption level, cultivating the consumption hot spots for the urban residents, and actively guiding the enjoyable consumption.展开更多
In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new cha...In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new characteristics and changes to the consumption structure of rural residents. This paper divided the urbanization into population urbanization,industrial urbanization and land urbanization. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in 2004-2013,it established the dynamic panel model and analyzed the effects of different types of urbanization on the consumption structure of rural residents. Results indicated that population urbanization exerts a negative effect on development-oriented consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on enjoyment consumption expenditure; the industrial urbanization exerts a negative effect on the consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on clothing and transportation communication consumption of rural residents; land urbanization exerts a negative effect on medical care expenditure in enjoyment consumption of rural residents. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations,including stimulating the development of rural consumer market,liberating the consumption potentiality of rural areas,making clear emphasis points of different types of urbanization,avoiding promoting the urbanization in a blind manner,and adjusting the development of different types of urbanization on the basis of the consumption demands of rural residents.展开更多
In order to make analysis on consumption structure of rural residents,the paper makes a principle component analysis on consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in different areas of 2009 based on statist...In order to make analysis on consumption structure of rural residents,the paper makes a principle component analysis on consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in different areas of 2009 based on statistics of China statistical yearbook of 2010.Selecting a principal component,the paper arranges 31 provinces in China in order.Shanghai lists the 1st place with highest marks;coastal provinces in southeastern part,the Northeast,Beijing and Tianjin are at the top;the northern and central parts with Hebei,Shanxi,Hubei as representatives scores minus which is a little lower than that of average;the western part,such as Guizhou,Xizang,Gansu and so on are in far behind.The paper also makes analysis on the consumption structure of rural residents and proposes suggestions on how to accelerate consumption of rural residents.展开更多
As one of the necessities of life,clothing is on the important position in the daily life of urban and rural residents. Firstly,the paper carries out the descriptive statistical analysis about clothing consumption exp...As one of the necessities of life,clothing is on the important position in the daily life of urban and rural residents. Firstly,the paper carries out the descriptive statistical analysis about clothing consumption expenditures of urban and rural residents; secondly,based on questionnaires of 543 urban and rural residents in 16 provinces,this paper analyses structure and trend of urban and rural residents' clothing consumption. The results show that per capita clothing consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents present growth on the whole,but the gap between the two is gradually expanding; clothing consumption expenditure have differences in different regions; the differences of different income levels are also obvious; urban and rural residents' clothing consumption structure tends to be more diversified,cotton goods and chemical fiber goods is the main variety of clothing consumption,including down feather,cotton and chemical fiber is the main variety of coat,and cotton,chemical fiber and wool is the main variety of suit and knitwear; cotton goods,down goods and woolen goods will be the fiber goods that urban and rural residents buy more in the future; clothing consumption demand will pursue for band,comfort and personality; female residents will still be the main force of clothing consumption. Finally,the paper puts forward some recommendations on the basis of analysis results.展开更多
Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture p...Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.展开更多
On the basis of relevant statistical data, this paper analyzes the obstacles to rural residents' consumption in China as follows: the consumption structure is restricted critically; the consumption environment can...On the basis of relevant statistical data, this paper analyzes the obstacles to rural residents' consumption in China as follows: the consumption structure is restricted critically; the consumption environment cannot meet the need of social development; the traditional consumption concept has not yet been changed; the social security system is not sound; the support of rural finance is short. Pointed countermeasures for eliminating the obstacles to rural residents' consumption are put forward as follows: first, adopt effective measures to elevate the level of farmers' income; second, strengthen the credit support of rural finance; third, quicken the pace of modernized development in rural areas; fourth, construct perfect rural social security system.展开更多
Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying t...Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.展开更多
After the analysis on the consumption changes of rural residents in Shanxi Province during the 30 years since the reform and opening up,it indicates that,their consumption scale has been expanding,the consumption leve...After the analysis on the consumption changes of rural residents in Shanxi Province during the 30 years since the reform and opening up,it indicates that,their consumption scale has been expanding,the consumption level has been greatly promoted,the consumption structure has been gradually becoming reasonable and the consumption quality has been obviously improved.An analysis is also conducted on the influencing factors constraining the consumption demand of rural residents,mainly including the farmers' lack of capacity to increase income and inadequate support for consumption;heavy burdens on farmers and instable income expectation;bad consumption environment and increasing constraints on consumption demand;less consumption goods suitable for farmers;unsound security system which affects the immediate consumption of farmers;backward consumption concept which restricts the improvement of consumption level.At last some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,namely,maintaining the constant income growth of farmers so as to improve their purchasing power;establishing modern circulation network in rural areas so as to ensure a smooth channel for commodity market;enhancing the rural infrastructure construction so as to improve the consumption environment of rural residents;producing marketable commodities so as to meet rural market demand;perfecting social security system so as to improve the consumer tendency of farmers.展开更多
Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural re...Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural resident,per capita living expenses of rural residents and percapita savings to conduct the unit root and co-integration test on the consumption and net income per rural residents in Hunan Province by adoptingthe generalized difference method and EVIEWS6.0,then according to the Modigliani Hypothesis of Consumption,Duesenberry Hypothesis of Con-sumption and Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis,the thesis makes a fitting of Hunan consumption function model,aiming to find out the consump-tion function model suitable to Hunan Province.The results show that,Keynesian consumption function based on Absolute Income Hypothesis pas-ses the statistical test and econometric test,while the consumption function model based on Relative Income Hypothesis and that based on Life Cy-cle Hypothesis do not,which proves that the consumption function model based on Absolute Income Hypothesis is better suited for describing the re-lations between rural consumption and income in Hunan Province.Taking into account the low marginal propensity of consumption of the rural resi-dents in Hunan Province,the thesis proposes to expand consumption demand of rural residents:firstly,developing characteristic economy and im-proving the income level of rural residents;secondly,perfecting the social security system in rural areas and maintaining the consumption confi-dence of rural residents;thirdly,ameliorating the circulation system.展开更多
Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out.Most researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from diff...Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out.Most researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from different aspects,which mainly analyze the obsolete data from the macroscopic angle by measuring methods.Only a few researches analyze the data in recent years from the provincial angle by using Theil index as the analysis index.Therefore,taking Anhui Province as an example,Theil index is selected to calculate the consumption gap of rural residents in Anhui Province in the years 2003-2008,according to the sample survey of rural households in Anhui Province in the years 2004-2009.Through the analysis of living consumption expenditure of rural residents,consumption change and its various internal causes are studied.Result shows that differentiation change of food and residence consumption expenditure is the major reason for the differentiation change of living consumption expenditure.Proportions of other expenditures are relatively small,having little impact on the living consumption of rural residents.Based on this,suggestions are put forward in order to minimize the difference in living consumption expenditure in rural areas,such as enhancing the income level of middle and low-income family in rural areas,improving the reform of education and health care,and strengthening the construction of rural road.展开更多
Combining the statistic data of 1997~2009,this paper analyzes the income of farmers in eight minority areas, structure of consumption demand, the marginal propensity to consume and its constraints factors on eight min...Combining the statistic data of 1997~2009,this paper analyzes the income of farmers in eight minority areas, structure of consumption demand, the marginal propensity to consume and its constraints factors on eight minority provinces,finally, concludes with some specific proposals. That includes increasing peasant’s income, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, establishing perfect rural social security system and promoting reasonable and healthy consumption of peasants.展开更多
China's energy consumption for agricultural production has relied on petroleum and coal with relatively low input from power and other types of energy for a long time.Projections indicate that as China's exist...China's energy consumption for agricultural production has relied on petroleum and coal with relatively low input from power and other types of energy for a long time.Projections indicate that as China's existing development trend leads to substantial growth of energy demand for agricultural production,such a long term irrational energy consumption pattern would unlikely be able to meet the needs of the country's developing agricultural sector.As such,it is recommended that China's agricultural sector should follow the national energy development strategy guideline by gradually increasing the use of wind power,solar energy,biomass and other new energy sources while advancing technological innovations on traditional energy sources.Meanwhile,as the consumption structure of three major energy sources(i.e.petroleum,coal,and power)is optimized,development and application of biomass from agriculture as raw materials for alternative energy should be enhanced.Lastly,the development and application of wind power,solar energy,and hydropower in agricultural production should be increased in areas where appropriate.展开更多
文摘By using cross-section data on consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province in 2007 and 2008,this paper adopts ELES model to conduct empirical analysis on consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province.It indicates that in the current consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province,food expenditure is still at the most important and basic level;the overall consumption level of rural residents in Gansu Province is not high;at present,the consumption of rural residents in Gansu Province still hinges in a large measure on income,vulnerable to the price fluctuation.Consequently,increasing farmers' income and stabilizing the level of commodity price,turns out to be a foundation as well as an important approach to improve consumption structure of rural residents in Gansu Province.
文摘According to the household consumption data of urban residents in Guangxi Statistical Yearbook in the year 2009, the ELES (Extended Linear Expenditure System) is used to analyze the consumption structure, the propensity to consume, and the consumer flexibility of urban residents in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China in the year 2008. Result shows that urban residents in Guangxi has relatively low propensity to consume. And their consumption, especially the middle and low-income families, is mostly concentrated in food, cloth, lodging and other basic necessities of life, which account for more than a half of their income. Based on this, corresponding suggestions are put forward to enlarge the consumption demand of urban residents in Guangxi, such as increasing the regulation of income redistribution, minimizing the gap between the rich and the poor, enhancing the overall consumption level, cultivating the consumption hot spots for the urban residents, and actively guiding the enjoyable consumption.
文摘In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new characteristics and changes to the consumption structure of rural residents. This paper divided the urbanization into population urbanization,industrial urbanization and land urbanization. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in 2004-2013,it established the dynamic panel model and analyzed the effects of different types of urbanization on the consumption structure of rural residents. Results indicated that population urbanization exerts a negative effect on development-oriented consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on enjoyment consumption expenditure; the industrial urbanization exerts a negative effect on the consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on clothing and transportation communication consumption of rural residents; land urbanization exerts a negative effect on medical care expenditure in enjoyment consumption of rural residents. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations,including stimulating the development of rural consumer market,liberating the consumption potentiality of rural areas,making clear emphasis points of different types of urbanization,avoiding promoting the urbanization in a blind manner,and adjusting the development of different types of urbanization on the basis of the consumption demands of rural residents.
基金Supported by Soft Science Project of Hebei(10457249)
文摘In order to make analysis on consumption structure of rural residents,the paper makes a principle component analysis on consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in different areas of 2009 based on statistics of China statistical yearbook of 2010.Selecting a principal component,the paper arranges 31 provinces in China in order.Shanghai lists the 1st place with highest marks;coastal provinces in southeastern part,the Northeast,Beijing and Tianjin are at the top;the northern and central parts with Hebei,Shanxi,Hubei as representatives scores minus which is a little lower than that of average;the western part,such as Guizhou,Xizang,Gansu and so on are in far behind.The paper also makes analysis on the consumption structure of rural residents and proposes suggestions on how to accelerate consumption of rural residents.
基金Supported by Industrial Economic Research of National Fluff Sheep Industry Technology System(CARS-40-20)
文摘As one of the necessities of life,clothing is on the important position in the daily life of urban and rural residents. Firstly,the paper carries out the descriptive statistical analysis about clothing consumption expenditures of urban and rural residents; secondly,based on questionnaires of 543 urban and rural residents in 16 provinces,this paper analyses structure and trend of urban and rural residents' clothing consumption. The results show that per capita clothing consumption expenditure of urban and rural residents present growth on the whole,but the gap between the two is gradually expanding; clothing consumption expenditure have differences in different regions; the differences of different income levels are also obvious; urban and rural residents' clothing consumption structure tends to be more diversified,cotton goods and chemical fiber goods is the main variety of clothing consumption,including down feather,cotton and chemical fiber is the main variety of coat,and cotton,chemical fiber and wool is the main variety of suit and knitwear; cotton goods,down goods and woolen goods will be the fiber goods that urban and rural residents buy more in the future; clothing consumption demand will pursue for band,comfort and personality; female residents will still be the main force of clothing consumption. Finally,the paper puts forward some recommendations on the basis of analysis results.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China (41001076)
文摘Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.
文摘On the basis of relevant statistical data, this paper analyzes the obstacles to rural residents' consumption in China as follows: the consumption structure is restricted critically; the consumption environment cannot meet the need of social development; the traditional consumption concept has not yet been changed; the social security system is not sound; the support of rural finance is short. Pointed countermeasures for eliminating the obstacles to rural residents' consumption are put forward as follows: first, adopt effective measures to elevate the level of farmers' income; second, strengthen the credit support of rural finance; third, quicken the pace of modernized development in rural areas; fourth, construct perfect rural social security system.
基金Supported by the Hebei Social Science Fund Project(HB08BTJ001)
文摘Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.
基金Supported by Shanxi Soft Science Research Project " Income Increase of Farmers Based on Marketization" (2009041022)
文摘After the analysis on the consumption changes of rural residents in Shanxi Province during the 30 years since the reform and opening up,it indicates that,their consumption scale has been expanding,the consumption level has been greatly promoted,the consumption structure has been gradually becoming reasonable and the consumption quality has been obviously improved.An analysis is also conducted on the influencing factors constraining the consumption demand of rural residents,mainly including the farmers' lack of capacity to increase income and inadequate support for consumption;heavy burdens on farmers and instable income expectation;bad consumption environment and increasing constraints on consumption demand;less consumption goods suitable for farmers;unsound security system which affects the immediate consumption of farmers;backward consumption concept which restricts the improvement of consumption level.At last some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,namely,maintaining the constant income growth of farmers so as to improve their purchasing power;establishing modern circulation network in rural areas so as to ensure a smooth channel for commodity market;enhancing the rural infrastructure construction so as to improve the consumption environment of rural residents;producing marketable commodities so as to meet rural market demand;perfecting social security system so as to improve the consumer tendency of farmers.
文摘Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural resident,per capita living expenses of rural residents and percapita savings to conduct the unit root and co-integration test on the consumption and net income per rural residents in Hunan Province by adoptingthe generalized difference method and EVIEWS6.0,then according to the Modigliani Hypothesis of Consumption,Duesenberry Hypothesis of Con-sumption and Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis,the thesis makes a fitting of Hunan consumption function model,aiming to find out the consump-tion function model suitable to Hunan Province.The results show that,Keynesian consumption function based on Absolute Income Hypothesis pas-ses the statistical test and econometric test,while the consumption function model based on Relative Income Hypothesis and that based on Life Cy-cle Hypothesis do not,which proves that the consumption function model based on Absolute Income Hypothesis is better suited for describing the re-lations between rural consumption and income in Hunan Province.Taking into account the low marginal propensity of consumption of the rural resi-dents in Hunan Province,the thesis proposes to expand consumption demand of rural residents:firstly,developing characteristic economy and im-proving the income level of rural residents;secondly,perfecting the social security system in rural areas and maintaining the consumption confi-dence of rural residents;thirdly,ameliorating the circulation system.
文摘Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out.Most researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from different aspects,which mainly analyze the obsolete data from the macroscopic angle by measuring methods.Only a few researches analyze the data in recent years from the provincial angle by using Theil index as the analysis index.Therefore,taking Anhui Province as an example,Theil index is selected to calculate the consumption gap of rural residents in Anhui Province in the years 2003-2008,according to the sample survey of rural households in Anhui Province in the years 2004-2009.Through the analysis of living consumption expenditure of rural residents,consumption change and its various internal causes are studied.Result shows that differentiation change of food and residence consumption expenditure is the major reason for the differentiation change of living consumption expenditure.Proportions of other expenditures are relatively small,having little impact on the living consumption of rural residents.Based on this,suggestions are put forward in order to minimize the difference in living consumption expenditure in rural areas,such as enhancing the income level of middle and low-income family in rural areas,improving the reform of education and health care,and strengthening the construction of rural road.
基金Support by National Social Science Fund Major Bidding Project in 2009-Research on Some Major Issues of Pushing Integrated Development of Economy and Society in Minority Areas under the New Situation(09&ZD011)
文摘Combining the statistic data of 1997~2009,this paper analyzes the income of farmers in eight minority areas, structure of consumption demand, the marginal propensity to consume and its constraints factors on eight minority provinces,finally, concludes with some specific proposals. That includes increasing peasant’s income, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, establishing perfect rural social security system and promoting reasonable and healthy consumption of peasants.
基金Supported by the Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of China s National Nonprofit Research Institutions(2008YWF3-06)
文摘China's energy consumption for agricultural production has relied on petroleum and coal with relatively low input from power and other types of energy for a long time.Projections indicate that as China's existing development trend leads to substantial growth of energy demand for agricultural production,such a long term irrational energy consumption pattern would unlikely be able to meet the needs of the country's developing agricultural sector.As such,it is recommended that China's agricultural sector should follow the national energy development strategy guideline by gradually increasing the use of wind power,solar energy,biomass and other new energy sources while advancing technological innovations on traditional energy sources.Meanwhile,as the consumption structure of three major energy sources(i.e.petroleum,coal,and power)is optimized,development and application of biomass from agriculture as raw materials for alternative energy should be enhanced.Lastly,the development and application of wind power,solar energy,and hydropower in agricultural production should be increased in areas where appropriate.
