AIM To obtain a reference range of morphological indices and establish a formula to accurately predict standard liver volume(SLV) in Chinese adults.METHODS Computed tomography(CT)-estimated total liver volume(CTLV) wa...AIM To obtain a reference range of morphological indices and establish a formula to accurately predict standard liver volume(SLV) in Chinese adults.METHODS Computed tomography(CT)-estimated total liver volume(CTLV) was determined in 369 Chinese adults. Age,sex,body weight,body height,body mass index,and body surface area(BSA) were recorded using CT. Total splenic volume,portal venous diameter(PVD),splenic venous diameter(SVD),and portal venous cross-sectional area(PVCSA) were also measured by CT. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter on CTLV and to develop a new SLV formula. The accuracy of the new formula was compared with the existing formulas in a validation group.RESULTS The average CTLV was 1205.41 ± 257.53 cm3(range,593.80-2250.10 cm3). The average of PVD,SVD and PVCSA was 9.34 ± 1.51 mm,7.40 ± 1.31 mm and 173.22 ± 48.11 mm2,respectively. The CT-estimated splenic volume of healthy adults varied markedly(range,46.60-2892.30 cm3). Sex,age,body height,body weight,body mass index,and BSA were significantly correlated with CTLV. BSA showed the strongest correlation(r = 0.546,P < 0.001),and was used to establish a new model for calculating SLV: SLV(cm3) = 758.259 × BSA(m2)-124.272(R2 = 0.299,P < 0.001). This formula also predicted CTLV more accurately than the existing formulas,but overestimated CTLV in elderly subjects > 70 years of age,and underestimated liver volume when CTLV was > 1800 cm3.CONCLUSION Our new BSA-based formula is more accurate than other formulas in estimating SLV in Chinese adults.展开更多
Background:To investigate the associations of lens power with age,axial length(AL),and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)inChineseadultsaged5oandabove.Methods:Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 y...Background:To investigate the associations of lens power with age,axial length(AL),and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)inChineseadultsaged5oandabove.Methods:Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in urban regions of Shanghai.The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including subjective refraction,autorefraction,and IOL-Master.The crystalline lens power was calculated using Bennett's formula.Results:A total of 4177 adults were included.A linear decrease in lens power was observed both with age and with AL,followed by a stop of lens power loss after the age of 70 or when AL≥25 mm,respectively.Participants with type 2 DM presented higher lens power(0.43 diopter(D),P<0.001)and thicker lens thickness(0.06 mm,P<0.001).In multivariate regression models,there was a positive correlation between lens power and type 2 DM when age<75 years(P<0.001)or AL<25 mm(P<0.001)after adjusting for other factors,while no significant association was found in participants aged≥75 years(P=0.122)or with AL≥25 mm(P=0.172).Conclusions:The lens power in adults aged 50 and above exhibited two stages with age and with AL.Type 2 DM caused an increase in lens power,which was not seen in participants aged≥75 years or with AL≥25 mm.展开更多
Background:To investigate the associations of lens power with age,axial length(AL),and Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)in Chinese adults aged 50 and above.Methods:Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults age...Background:To investigate the associations of lens power with age,axial length(AL),and Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)in Chinese adults aged 50 and above.Methods:Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in urban regions of Shanghai.The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including subjective refraction,autorefraction,and IOL-Master.The crystalline lens power was calculated using Bennett’s formula.Results:A total of 4177 adults were included.A linear decrease in lens power was observed both with age and with AL,followed by a stop of lens power loss after the age of 70 or when AL≥25 mm,respectively.Participants with Type 2 DM presented higher lens power(0.43 diopter(D),p<0.001)and thicker lens thickness(0.06 mm,p<0.001).In multivariate regression models,there was a positive correlation between lens power and Type 2 DM when age<75 years(p<0.001)or AL<25 mm(p<0.001)after adjusting for other factors,while no significant association was found in participants aged≥75 years(p=0.122)or with AL≥25 mm(p=0.172).Conclusions:The lens power in adults aged 50 and above exhibited two stages with age and with AL.Type 2 DM caused an increase in lens power,which was not seen in participants aged≥75 years or with AL≥25 mm.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to measure the basal energy expenditure(BEE)of Chinese healthy adults and establish an accurate predictive equation for this population.Methods In total,470 Chinese healthy adults had their ...Objective This study aimed to measure the basal energy expenditure(BEE)of Chinese healthy adults and establish an accurate predictive equation for this population.Methods In total,470 Chinese healthy adults had their BEE measured using the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system.Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to develop new optimal equations for predicting BEE.The bias,accuracy rate,concordance correlation coefficient(CCC),and root mean square error(RMSE)were used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive equations.Results There was a significant difference in BEE between males and females,with 5,954 kJ/d and 5,089 kJ/d,respectively.People living in rural areas expended significantly higher BEE(5,885 kJ/d)than those in urban areas(5,279 kJ/d).Previous equations developed by Henry,Schofield,Harris-Benedict(HB),and Liu overestimated the BEE of Chinese healthy adults.The new equations derived from the present study displayed the smallest average bias and RMSE from the measured basal energy expenditure(mBEE).The CCC of the new equations was higher than other predictive equations,but it was lower than 0.8.There was no significant difference in the accuracy rate among all predictive equations.Conclusions Sex and regional differences in BEE were observed in Chinese healthy adults.Neither the widely used previous predictive equations nor the one derived in the present study were accurate enough for estimating the BEE of Chinese healthy adults.Further study is required to develop more accurate equations for predicting the BEE of Chinese healthy adults aged between 20–45 years.展开更多
Objectives: Immigrants of Chinese ethnicity and young people (between 18 and 30 years of age) are known to access health services less frequently and may be at greater risk for experiencing unmet health needs. The pur...Objectives: Immigrants of Chinese ethnicity and young people (between 18 and 30 years of age) are known to access health services less frequently and may be at greater risk for experiencing unmet health needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the health beliefs, health behaviors, primary care access, and perceived unmet healthcare needs of Chinese young adults.Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with eight Chinese young adults in Vancouver, Canada. Results: A content analysis revealed that these Chinese young adults experienced unmet healthcare needs, did not have a primary care provider, and did not access preventive services. Cultural factors such as strong family ties, filial piety, and the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine influenced their health behaviors and healthcare access patterns. Conclusion: Chinese young adults share similar issues with other young adults in relation to not having a primary care provider and accessing preventive care but their health beliefs and practices make their needs for care unique from other young adults.展开更多
A Chinese Compilation of Physical Activities was compiled to estimate the energy costs of physical activities(PAs)using data on adults aged 18–64.Data were obtained from published articles and laboratory measurements...A Chinese Compilation of Physical Activities was compiled to estimate the energy costs of physical activities(PAs)using data on adults aged 18–64.Data were obtained from published articles and laboratory measurements.Databases,including PubMed,Embase,Scopus,Ebsco,Web of Science,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data,National Science and Technology Report Service,Public Health Scientific Data were searched to collect data from inception to January 2022,on energy expenditure associated with PA in the healthy Chinese population.Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted,classified,and summarized data.Data were measured for 36 PAs using indirect calorimetry.Detailed descriptions of specific activities and metabolic equivalent values were provided by summarizing 241 physical activities in 13 categories.The first edition of the Chinese Compilation of PAs in Healthy Adults Aged 18–64(CCPA)was created.It provides valuable resources for people who regularly engage in physical exercise,researchers,educators,fitness professionals,and health or commercial sectors to quickly obtain various PA MET intensities.In the future,the energy expenditure of various PAs of different ages within the Chinese population can be measured based on the CCPA.展开更多
This study uses nested Cox proportional hazard models to analyze data from five waves(2002,2005,2008,2011,2014)of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.We found that secular social participation and religi...This study uses nested Cox proportional hazard models to analyze data from five waves(2002,2005,2008,2011,2014)of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.We found that secular social participation and religious participation both contributed to statistically lower death risk among older respondents.These associations still held after controlling for a wide range of covariates.In particular,secular social participation predicted a greater decrease in death risk and had interactive effects with gender and age-group.Female and young-old adults enjoyed more health benefits from participating in secular social activities than their male or old-old counterparts,respectively.This interactive effect was not observed regarding the impact of religious participation on death hazard.展开更多
An increasing interest has been focused on the association of internal migration with depressive symptoms in China.However,very few of those studies investigated the possible mechanisms underlying that associati...An increasing interest has been focused on the association of internal migration with depressive symptoms in China.However,very few of those studies investigated the possible mechanisms underlying that association.This study aims to examine the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms and various mechanisms behind this relationship among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.The data was drawn from the national China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)2011.The depressive symptoms were defined by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D-10).Within the broader definition of internal migration,we divided migration status into multiple types based on individuals’hukou information.Structural equation models(SEMs)were adopted to examine the association between different types of migration and depressive symptoms and disaggregate the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms into direct and mediation pathways.After considering selection features related to migration processes,we found strong relationships between multiple types of internal migration and depressive symptoms.Compared with rural non-migrants,rural-to-urban migrants with urban hukou,urban-to-urban migrants,and urban non-migrants had fewer depressive symptoms(β=-0.75,95%CI:-1.02,-0.49;β=-1.21,95%CI:-1.68,-0.73;andβ=-0.39,95%CI:-0.49,-0.29,respectively).Post-migration experiences,such as living conditions,household income per capita and social participation,mediated the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms.These findings of the mechanisms underlying the link between internal migration and depressive symptoms offer evidence for developing mental health interventions for migrants during the rapid progress of urbanization in China.展开更多
文摘AIM To obtain a reference range of morphological indices and establish a formula to accurately predict standard liver volume(SLV) in Chinese adults.METHODS Computed tomography(CT)-estimated total liver volume(CTLV) was determined in 369 Chinese adults. Age,sex,body weight,body height,body mass index,and body surface area(BSA) were recorded using CT. Total splenic volume,portal venous diameter(PVD),splenic venous diameter(SVD),and portal venous cross-sectional area(PVCSA) were also measured by CT. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of each parameter on CTLV and to develop a new SLV formula. The accuracy of the new formula was compared with the existing formulas in a validation group.RESULTS The average CTLV was 1205.41 ± 257.53 cm3(range,593.80-2250.10 cm3). The average of PVD,SVD and PVCSA was 9.34 ± 1.51 mm,7.40 ± 1.31 mm and 173.22 ± 48.11 mm2,respectively. The CT-estimated splenic volume of healthy adults varied markedly(range,46.60-2892.30 cm3). Sex,age,body height,body weight,body mass index,and BSA were significantly correlated with CTLV. BSA showed the strongest correlation(r = 0.546,P < 0.001),and was used to establish a new model for calculating SLV: SLV(cm3) = 758.259 × BSA(m2)-124.272(R2 = 0.299,P < 0.001). This formula also predicted CTLV more accurately than the existing formulas,but overestimated CTLV in elderly subjects > 70 years of age,and underestimated liver volume when CTLV was > 1800 cm3.CONCLUSION Our new BSA-based formula is more accurate than other formulas in estimating SLV in Chinese adults.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81670898 and 81703287)the Shanghai Three-Year Public Health Action Program(Project.Nos.GWIV-3.3 and GWIV-13.1)+6 种基金the Shanghai High-level Overseas Training Team Programon Eye Public Health(Project No.GWTD2015S08)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(Project No.20172022)the Shanghai General Hospital,Clinical Research(Project No.CTCCR-2018Z01)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Research Project(Project No.17ZR1426900)the Shanghai Municipal Planning Commission of Science and Research Fund(Project No.201640090)the National Key R&D Program of China(Project Nos.2016YFC0904800,2019YFC0840607)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Project No.2017ZX09304010).
文摘Background:To investigate the associations of lens power with age,axial length(AL),and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)inChineseadultsaged5oandabove.Methods:Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in urban regions of Shanghai.The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including subjective refraction,autorefraction,and IOL-Master.The crystalline lens power was calculated using Bennett's formula.Results:A total of 4177 adults were included.A linear decrease in lens power was observed both with age and with AL,followed by a stop of lens power loss after the age of 70 or when AL≥25 mm,respectively.Participants with type 2 DM presented higher lens power(0.43 diopter(D),P<0.001)and thicker lens thickness(0.06 mm,P<0.001).In multivariate regression models,there was a positive correlation between lens power and type 2 DM when age<75 years(P<0.001)or AL<25 mm(P<0.001)after adjusting for other factors,while no significant association was found in participants aged≥75 years(P=0.122)or with AL≥25 mm(P=0.172).Conclusions:The lens power in adults aged 50 and above exhibited two stages with age and with AL.Type 2 DM caused an increase in lens power,which was not seen in participants aged≥75 years or with AL≥25 mm.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81670898 and 81703287,Beijing,China)the Shanghai Three-Year Public Health Action Program(Project Nos.GWIV-3.3 and GWIV-13.1,Shanghai,China)+7 种基金the Shanghai High-level Overseas Training Team Program on Eye Public Health(Project No.GWTD2015S08,Shanghai,China)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission—Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(Project No.20172022,Shanghai,China)Shanghai General Hospital,Clinical Research(Project No.CTCCR-2018Z01,Shanghai,China)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Research Project(Project No.17ZR1426900,Shanghai,China)the Shanghai Municipal Planning Commission of Science and Research Fund(Project No.201640090,Shanghai,China)National Key R&D Program of China(Project No.2016YFC0904800,2019YFC0840607)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Project No.2017ZX09304010)The sponsors or funding organizations had no role in the design or conduct of this research.
文摘Background:To investigate the associations of lens power with age,axial length(AL),and Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)in Chinese adults aged 50 and above.Methods:Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in urban regions of Shanghai.The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including subjective refraction,autorefraction,and IOL-Master.The crystalline lens power was calculated using Bennett’s formula.Results:A total of 4177 adults were included.A linear decrease in lens power was observed both with age and with AL,followed by a stop of lens power loss after the age of 70 or when AL≥25 mm,respectively.Participants with Type 2 DM presented higher lens power(0.43 diopter(D),p<0.001)and thicker lens thickness(0.06 mm,p<0.001).In multivariate regression models,there was a positive correlation between lens power and Type 2 DM when age<75 years(p<0.001)or AL<25 mm(p<0.001)after adjusting for other factors,while no significant association was found in participants aged≥75 years(p=0.122)or with AL≥25 mm(p=0.172).Conclusions:The lens power in adults aged 50 and above exhibited two stages with age and with AL.Type 2 DM caused an increase in lens power,which was not seen in participants aged≥75 years or with AL≥25 mm.
基金Supported by Key Projects of the National Science and Technology Pillar Program[No.2008BAI58B01].
文摘Objective This study aimed to measure the basal energy expenditure(BEE)of Chinese healthy adults and establish an accurate predictive equation for this population.Methods In total,470 Chinese healthy adults had their BEE measured using the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system.Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to develop new optimal equations for predicting BEE.The bias,accuracy rate,concordance correlation coefficient(CCC),and root mean square error(RMSE)were used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive equations.Results There was a significant difference in BEE between males and females,with 5,954 kJ/d and 5,089 kJ/d,respectively.People living in rural areas expended significantly higher BEE(5,885 kJ/d)than those in urban areas(5,279 kJ/d).Previous equations developed by Henry,Schofield,Harris-Benedict(HB),and Liu overestimated the BEE of Chinese healthy adults.The new equations derived from the present study displayed the smallest average bias and RMSE from the measured basal energy expenditure(mBEE).The CCC of the new equations was higher than other predictive equations,but it was lower than 0.8.There was no significant difference in the accuracy rate among all predictive equations.Conclusions Sex and regional differences in BEE were observed in Chinese healthy adults.Neither the widely used previous predictive equations nor the one derived in the present study were accurate enough for estimating the BEE of Chinese healthy adults.Further study is required to develop more accurate equations for predicting the BEE of Chinese healthy adults aged between 20–45 years.
文摘Objectives: Immigrants of Chinese ethnicity and young people (between 18 and 30 years of age) are known to access health services less frequently and may be at greater risk for experiencing unmet health needs. The purpose of this study was to examine the health beliefs, health behaviors, primary care access, and perceived unmet healthcare needs of Chinese young adults.Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with eight Chinese young adults in Vancouver, Canada. Results: A content analysis revealed that these Chinese young adults experienced unmet healthcare needs, did not have a primary care provider, and did not access preventive services. Cultural factors such as strong family ties, filial piety, and the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine influenced their health behaviors and healthcare access patterns. Conclusion: Chinese young adults share similar issues with other young adults in relation to not having a primary care provider and accessing preventive care but their health beliefs and practices make their needs for care unique from other young adults.
基金Funding was provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC2000600).
文摘A Chinese Compilation of Physical Activities was compiled to estimate the energy costs of physical activities(PAs)using data on adults aged 18–64.Data were obtained from published articles and laboratory measurements.Databases,including PubMed,Embase,Scopus,Ebsco,Web of Science,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data,National Science and Technology Report Service,Public Health Scientific Data were searched to collect data from inception to January 2022,on energy expenditure associated with PA in the healthy Chinese population.Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted,classified,and summarized data.Data were measured for 36 PAs using indirect calorimetry.Detailed descriptions of specific activities and metabolic equivalent values were provided by summarizing 241 physical activities in 13 categories.The first edition of the Chinese Compilation of PAs in Healthy Adults Aged 18–64(CCPA)was created.It provides valuable resources for people who regularly engage in physical exercise,researchers,educators,fitness professionals,and health or commercial sectors to quickly obtain various PA MET intensities.In the future,the energy expenditure of various PAs of different ages within the Chinese population can be measured based on the CCPA.
基金funded by the China Natural Science Foundation(Grant 71490732)-Healthy Aging:basic scientific research on elderly population health and effective interventions.
文摘This study uses nested Cox proportional hazard models to analyze data from five waves(2002,2005,2008,2011,2014)of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.We found that secular social participation and religious participation both contributed to statistically lower death risk among older respondents.These associations still held after controlling for a wide range of covariates.In particular,secular social participation predicted a greater decrease in death risk and had interactive effects with gender and age-group.Female and young-old adults enjoyed more health benefits from participating in secular social activities than their male or old-old counterparts,respectively.This interactive effect was not observed regarding the impact of religious participation on death hazard.
文摘An increasing interest has been focused on the association of internal migration with depressive symptoms in China.However,very few of those studies investigated the possible mechanisms underlying that association.This study aims to examine the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms and various mechanisms behind this relationship among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.The data was drawn from the national China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)2011.The depressive symptoms were defined by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D-10).Within the broader definition of internal migration,we divided migration status into multiple types based on individuals’hukou information.Structural equation models(SEMs)were adopted to examine the association between different types of migration and depressive symptoms and disaggregate the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms into direct and mediation pathways.After considering selection features related to migration processes,we found strong relationships between multiple types of internal migration and depressive symptoms.Compared with rural non-migrants,rural-to-urban migrants with urban hukou,urban-to-urban migrants,and urban non-migrants had fewer depressive symptoms(β=-0.75,95%CI:-1.02,-0.49;β=-1.21,95%CI:-1.68,-0.73;andβ=-0.39,95%CI:-0.49,-0.29,respectively).Post-migration experiences,such as living conditions,household income per capita and social participation,mediated the relationship between internal migration and depressive symptoms.These findings of the mechanisms underlying the link between internal migration and depressive symptoms offer evidence for developing mental health interventions for migrants during the rapid progress of urbanization in China.
