BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis(CAP)lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement.At the patient’s request,we perform immediate implant placement of the man...BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis(CAP)lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement.At the patient’s request,we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice.AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation.METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected.The patients were divided into CAP(n=52)and no-CAP(n=45)groups.Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration.RESULTS At 5 years after implantation,the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2±78.8 Hounsfield unit(HU)in the CAP group and 562.6±82.9 HU in the no-CAP group(P=0.126).Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups,including buccal(P=0.268)or lingual(P=0.526)resorption in the vertical direction or buccal(P=0.428)or lingual(P=0.560)resorption in the horizontal direction.Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups,including the buccal(P=0.247)or lingual(P=0.604)space in the vertical direction or buccal(P=0.527)or lingual(P=0.707)space in the horizontal direction.The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density.In the CAP area,the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results,without significant differences in the complications,survival rate,or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.展开更多
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal support tissue caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. During the development of periodontal disease, host immune regulation plays an im...Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal support tissue caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. During the development of periodontal disease, host immune regulation plays an important role, and unnecessary excessive immune regulation often exacerbates the course of chronic periodontal disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with self replication ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Many studies have found that MSCs have strong immunosuppressive effects on both adaptive and innate immunity. In recent years, literature has reported that MSCs are involved in the immune regulatory effect of chronic periodontal disease, inhibiting its inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption, but the specific regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. This article reviews the current research status of the immune regulatory effects of MSCs on chronic periodontitis.展开更多
Objective: To discuss the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis under the chronic intermittent hypoxia. Methods: A total of 32 SD healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in ...Objective: To discuss the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis under the chronic intermittent hypoxia. Methods: A total of 32 SD healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in each group. The molecular biological techniques of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the effect of different hypoxia time(0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) and different concentrations of hypoxia(0.000, 0.001, 0.010, 0.060 and 0.100 ppm) on the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats of four groups. Results: The expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in each group was significantly higher than the one at other concentrations when the concentration was 0.010 ppm, with the statistical difference(P<0.05). The expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 was that normoxic control group > periodontitis group> chronic intermittent hypoxia group > compound group under the action with the concentration of 0.010 ppm for 12 h, but there was no significant difference for the comparison among groups(P>0.05). Conclusions: The condition of chronic intermittent hypoxia can reduce the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis and aggravate the damage of periodontal bone.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the correlation of chronic periodontitis in tropical area and IFN- 7,IL-10 and IL-17 levels.Methods:One hundred and forty-eight patients and one hundred and thirty-two healthy control subjects we...Objective:To evaluate the correlation of chronic periodontitis in tropical area and IFN- 7,IL-10 and IL-17 levels.Methods:One hundred and forty-eight patients and one hundred and thirty-two healthy control subjects were included in the study.Clinical parameters(PI.CI and PD) and GCF levels of IFN- 7.II.—10 and IL-17 were measured at baseline,week 8,week 16 and week 24 after mechanical removal of dental plaque.IFN- 7 and IL-10 were determined with EL1SA methods and IL-17 was determined with the cytometric bead array.Results:Removal of dental plaque resulted in improvement in all clinical parameters.Meanwhile,GCF IL-17 declined to control levels,while GCF IFN- 7 and IL-10 levels remained unchanged.Conclusions:The decline of GCF IL-17 levels in patients with resolution of periodontitis suggests that IL-17 is involved in the periodontal inflammatory process.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis(CHP).METHODS Sixty pre-diabetic patients with CHP were selected and ...AIM To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis(CHP).METHODS Sixty pre-diabetic patients with CHP were selected and equally allocated to case and control group. All subjects were evaluated at base line for periodontal parameters(plaque index, oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level) and systemic parameters [glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), fasting lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose]. The case group received non-surgical periodontal therapy. Subjects were re-evaluated for periodontal and systemic parameters after three months.RESULTS Both groups were comparable at baseline. Three months after non surgical periodontal therapy(NSPT), there was significant improvement in periodontal parameters in case group. The mean difference in systemic parameters like HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose from baseline to fourth month for case group was 0.22 ± 0.11 and 3.90 ± 8.48 respectively and control group was-0.056 ± 0.10 and-1.66 ± 6.04 respectively, which was significant between case and control group(P < 0.05). In the case group there was a significant decrease in HbA1c from baseline to three months following NSPT(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION This study showed that periodontal inflammation could affect the glycemic control in otherwise systemically healthy individuals. Periodontal therapy improved periodontal health status and decreased glycosylated haemoglobin levels, thus reducing the probability of occurrence of inflammation induced prediabetes in patients with CHP.展开更多
To investigate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of patients requiring endodontic retreatment for apical periodontitis.Patients with apical periodontitis who were referred for en...To investigate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of patients requiring endodontic retreatment for apical periodontitis.Patients with apical periodontitis who were referred for endodontic retreatment were examined.The type and quality of the restoration,symptoms,quality of obturation were recorded.During retreatment,an oral rinse sample and root canal sample were cultured using brain-heart infusion agar and bile esculinazide agar to select for E.faecalis.The 16S rRNA technique was used to identify E.faecalis.A total of 32 women and 22 men(mean age:38 years;s.d.:11 years) and 58 teeth were studied.The prevalence of E.faecalis was 19% in the saliva and 38% in the root canals.The odds that root canals harbored E.faecalis were increased if the saliva habored this bacterium(odds ratio59.7;95% confidence interval51.8-51.6;P,0.05).Teeth with unsatisfactory root obturation had more cultivable bacterial species in root canals than teeth with satisfactory root obturation(P,0.05).E.faecalis is more common in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis than in saliva.The prevalence of E.faecalis in root canals is associated with the presence of E.faecalis in saliva.展开更多
BACKGROUND Routine preclinical interventions for patients with chronic periodontitis such as supragingival cleaning and subgingival curettage,establishing a balanced occlusal relationship,and irrigation with 3%hydroge...BACKGROUND Routine preclinical interventions for patients with chronic periodontitis such as supragingival cleaning and subgingival curettage,establishing a balanced occlusal relationship,and irrigation with 3%hydrogen peroxide can relieve the symptoms to some extent.However,there is room for improvement in the overall effect.For example,Er:YAG lasers can quickly increase the temperature of the irradiated tissue,effectively eliminate dental plaque and calculus,reduce periodontal pockets,adjust periodontal microecology,and reduce the gingival sulcus.The content of factors in the liquid,and then achieve the purpose of treatment.AIM The aim was evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser-assisted routine therapy on the periodontal status in chronic periodontitis.METHODS Between October 2018 and January 2020,106 patients with chronic periodontitis in our hospital were randomly assigned to either the study or control group,with 53 patients in each group.The control group underwent routine therapy,and the study group underwent Er:YAG laser therapy in addition to routine therapy.We evaluated the treatment outcome in both groups.Periodontal status was determined by clinical attachment loss(CAL),gingival index(GI),periodontal probing depth(PD),dental plaque index(PLI),and sulcular bleeding index(SBI),inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8],and colony forming units(CFUs).RESULTS Total effectiveness in the study group(94.34%)was higher than that in the control group(79.25%,P<0.05).The clinical parameters in the study group(PD,5.28±1.08 mm;CAL,4.81±0.79 mm;SBI,3.37±0.59;GI,1.38±0.40;PLI,2.05±0.65)were not significantly different from those in the control group(PD,5.51±1.14 mm;CAL,5.09±0.83 mm;SBI,3.51±0.62;GI,(1.41±0.37;PLI,1.98±0.70)before treatment(P>0.05).However,after treatment,the parameters in the study group(PD,2.97±0.38 mm;CAL,2.71±0.64 mm;SBI,2.07±0.32;GI,0.51±0.11;PLI,1.29±0.34)were lower than those in the control group(PD,3.71±0.42 mm;CAL,3.60±0.71 mm;SBI,2.80±0.44;GI,0.78±0.23;PLI,1.70±0.51)(P<0.05).Differences in crevicular TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 levels in the study(TNF-α,7.82±3.43 ng/mL;IL-6,11.67±2.59 ng/mL;IL-8,12.12±3.19 pg/mL)and control groups(TNF-α,9.06±3.89 ng/ml,IL-6,12.13±2.97 ng/mL,IL-8,10.99±3.30 pg/mL)before therapy(P>0.05)were not significant.Following treatment,the parameters were significantly lower in the study group(TNF-α,2.04±0.89 ng/mL;IL-6,4.60±1.26 ng/mL;IL-8,3.15±1.08 pg/mL)than in the control group(TNF-α,3.11±1.07 ng/mL;IL-6,6.25±1.41 ng/mL;IL-8,4.64±1.23 pg/mL,P<0.05).The difference in the CFU of the study group[(367.91±74.32)×104/mL and control group(371.09±80.25)×104/mL]before therapy was not significant(P>0.05).The CFU decreased in both groups following therapy,however,the CFU values were lower in the study group[(36.09±15.26)×104/mL]than in the control group[(45.89±18.08)×104/mL](P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combining Er:YAG lasers with routine measures significantly improved the overall periodontal therapy outcomes by improving periodontal status and reducing oral levels of inflammatory factors and CFUs.展开更多
Apical periodontitis,dominated by dense inflammatory infiltrates and increased osteoclast activities,can lead to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss.It is believed that miRNA participates in regulating various bi...Apical periodontitis,dominated by dense inflammatory infiltrates and increased osteoclast activities,can lead to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss.It is believed that miRNA participates in regulating various biological processes,osteoclastogenesis included.This study aims to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in rat apical periodontitis and explore their functional target genes.Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in apical periodontitis.Bioinformatics technique was applied for predicting the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and their biological functions.The result provided us with an insight into the potential biological effects of the differentially expressed miRNAs and showed particular enrichment of target genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathways.These findings may highlight the intricate and specific roles of miRNA in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis,both of which are key aspects of apical periodontitis,thus contributing to the future investigation into the etiology,under-lying mechanism and treatment of apical periodontitis.展开更多
Opportunistic bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) may pose a risk for systemic dissemination.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a broad and potent antimicrobial activity importa...Opportunistic bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) may pose a risk for systemic dissemination.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a broad and potent antimicrobial activity important for gut mucosal integrity.It was recently shown that MAIT cells are present in the oral mucosal tissue,but the involvement of MAIT cells in AP is unknown.Here,comparison of surgically resected AP and gingival tissues demonstrated that AP tissues express significantly higher levels of Vα7.2-Jα33,Vα7.2- Jα20,Vα7.2-Jα12,Cα and tumour necrosis factor (TNF),interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A transcripts,resembling a MAIT cell signature.Moreover,in AP tissues the MR1-restricted MAIT cells positive for MR1–5-OP-RU tetramer staining appeared to be of similar levels as in peripheral blood but consisted mainly of CD4^+ subset.Unlike gingival tissues,the AP microbiome was quantitatively impacted by factors like fistula and high patient age and had a prominent riboflavin-expressing bacterial feature.When merged in an integrated view,the examined immune and microbiome data in the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis could identify bacterial relative abundances that negatively correlated with Vα7.2-Jα33,Cα,and IL-17A transcript expressions in AP,implying that MAIT cells could play a role in the local defence at the oral tissue barrier.In conclusion,we describe the presence of MAIT cells at the oral site where translocation of oral microbiota could take place.These findings have implications for understanding the immune sensing of polymicrobial-related oral diseases.展开更多
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-management ability questionnaire for patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: A questionnaire was developed through theoretical research,literature review...Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-management ability questionnaire for patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: A questionnaire was developed through theoretical research,literature review,semistructured interview,and expert consultation.A total of 231 patients with chronic periodontitis from the Department of Periodontics in the Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were recruited by convenient sampling.Validity and reliability were analyzed.Results: The questionnaire consisted of 24 items.Exploratory factor analysis identified three principal factors,which explained 66.949% of the total variance.The item-level content validity was between 0.800 and 1.000,and the scale-level content validity was 0.969.The coefficient of correlation between the gold standard and the whole questionnaire was 0.869.Cronbach's α of the whole questionnaire was 0.931,and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.825.Conclusion: The questionnaire developed in this study satisfies the measurement standard and has good reliability and validity.It is useful for clinical work to measure self-management among patients with chronic periodontitis.展开更多
Chronic periodontitis (CP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic inflammatory conditions, and share many pathologic features. Plasma amino acid profiles have been shown to be associated with RA, but their relevanc...Chronic periodontitis (CP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic inflammatory conditions, and share many pathologic features. Plasma amino acid profiles have been shown to be associated with RA, but their relevance to CP remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to evaluate amino acid profiles in relation to CP and RA. The study participants consisted of 62 patients with RA (RA group), 30 patients with CP (CP group) and 29 healthy controls (H group) in age-, gender-, smoking status-balanced condition. Clinical periodontal and rheumatologic parameter values and plasma levels of 21 amino acids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined. Multiple comparison analyses revealed that the RA group exhibited similar periodontal conditions but significantly higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α than the CP group (P < 0.01). A total of four amino acids (glycine, histidine, ornithine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid) were significantly different in the concentrations among the three groups (P < 0.01). The RA group displayed significantly lower levels of glycine and histidine and significantly higher ornithine level than the CP and H groups (P < 0.01). The CP group showed significantly higher alpha-aminobutyric acid level than the RA and H groups (P < 0.01). Of these four amino acids, a significantly positive correlation was found between ornithine level and % of sites with bleeding on probing (P = 0.006) in the RA group. These results suggest a possibility that profiles of four amino acids may play a role in the pathogenesis of CP and RA.展开更多
Periodontitis, is an infectious ailment of multifactorial origin, that brings about destruction of bone and surrounding tissues. There are various oral pathogens that may be responsible for the destruction. The host e...Periodontitis, is an infectious ailment of multifactorial origin, that brings about destruction of bone and surrounding tissues. There are various oral pathogens that may be responsible for the destruction. The host encounters these microbial invasions and their products by the production and release of inflammatory mediators from the cells within the body. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are a group of enzymes that utilize glutathione in conditions resulting in oxidative stress. These enzymes play a key role in the detoxifycation of such substance. It aids in preventing damage to important cellular components caused by release of free reactive oxygen species. Ceruloplasmin is a ferroxidase enzyme. It plays a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, by its ability to scavenge free radicals within the body. The present study was targeted at evaluating the levels of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Ceruloplasmin as diagnostic markers for patients with chronic periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the gingival tissues. Thirty patients were divided into two groups. Experimental group comprising of 15 subjects with chronic perio- dontitis and the control group was composed of 15 healthy individuals. Highly significant changes in GST between the diseased and normal patients (P = 0.001) were detected. There was a decrease in GST level in both gingival tissue & GCF in diseased patients when compared to the control patients. The ceruloplasmin levels in GCF and gingival tissues showed no difference between the control and diseased group. Hence,these results indicate a relationship suggesting that GST produced during chronic inflammation could be used as biomarker that indicate periodontal disease .展开更多
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is constantly escalating not only in industrialized countries but throughout the world.It is of major significance because of to its high morbidity and mortality.Strategies...The prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is constantly escalating not only in industrialized countries but throughout the world.It is of major significance because of to its high morbidity and mortality.Strategies to tackle this worldwide health problem include identification of its associated risk factors,comorbidities,and complications as well as proper management to handle all the pertinent issues.Periodontal disease,a treatable infectious state of the dental supporting tissues,is common in CKD patients.Its association with CKD is believed to be in a reciprocal or bidirectional fashion and has been massively studied.This paper,therefore,aims to review the recent evidence pertaining to the association between periodontal disease and a variety of renal illnesses.Most of the current evidence was collected from cross-sectional studies and clinical trials.There is substantial evidence indicating that periodontal disease contributes markedly to the chronic systemic inflammatory burden,leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications,the principal causes of death among chronic renal disease patients.Furthermore,several studies demonstrated that proper periodontal intervention could help improve systemic inflammation and even nutritional status among CKD patients,resulting in a better quality of life.Suggestions have been made that periodontal disease should be diagnosed early,and managed and controlled to,atleast,eradicate a source of inflammation in this population.Awareness of such an important issue should be increased in the relevant medical personnel.展开更多
According to the progress of the antibiotic medicine, the severe infection case is decreasing recently. We recently experienced a case of temporal fossa abscess caused by periapical periodontitis the upper left side o...According to the progress of the antibiotic medicine, the severe infection case is decreasing recently. We recently experienced a case of temporal fossa abscess caused by periapical periodontitis the upper left side of the second molar. A 79-year-old woman visited to Showa University Dental Hospital complaining of the painful swelling at the left side of the temporal and trismus. The routine blood test exhibited a severe inflammation. We performed drainage treatment at temporal skin and normal oral bacterial flora was detected by the bacteriological examination. Under treatment included the administration of antibiotics, the inflammation healed without serious complication and she recovered completely.展开更多
Aims: This article describes the apical infection in endodontically treated tooth 4.5 that spread to adjacent tooth 4.4. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman was referred for the presence of radiolucency extending from to...Aims: This article describes the apical infection in endodontically treated tooth 4.5 that spread to adjacent tooth 4.4. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman was referred for the presence of radiolucency extending from tooth 4.5 and mental foramen. Spontaneous symptoms were present. Tooth 4.5 showed poor-quality endodontics. The vitality of tooth 4.4 was negative, even though no mechanical trauma had been reported, nor was caries present. Both teeth were sensitive to percussion. Endodontic re-treatment of 4.5 and endodontic treatment of 4.4 were performed in a single visit. A large amount of endodontic sealer squeezed mesially from the root of tooth 4.5, where a partial horizontal root fracture was hypothesized. 6-, 12-, and 18-month radiographic follow-ups, by both periapical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analyses, showed incomplete osseous healing. CBCT excluded root fracture on 4.5. Local symptoms were still present. Clinical and radiological conditions led to extractions, and a cystic lesion was enucleated for histopathologic analyses. Histopathologic diagnosis was a periapical cyst. The supposed partial horizontal root fracture of 4.5 was actually a large lateral canal. Although the root canal treatments followed high standards in terms of quality, a persistent chronic infection developed histologically. The cystic lesion was one consistent reason for the unsuccessful healing of 4.5.展开更多
Periodontitis is a prevalent destructive gum disease, characterized by loss of tissues supporting the teeth. The two main forms, chronic and aggressive have not been assessed in Kinshasa, DR Congo. Aim: The aim of thi...Periodontitis is a prevalent destructive gum disease, characterized by loss of tissues supporting the teeth. The two main forms, chronic and aggressive have not been assessed in Kinshasa, DR Congo. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the Prevalence and the pattern of chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP) in order to improve its management. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 404 subjects attending the dental services of the four hospitals of Kinshasa city, from October 2013 to April 2014 was carried out. The plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and frequency of tooth brushing (FTB) were the parameters assessed. The SPSS software version 20.0 was used. Results: Out of 404 patients examined, 322 (79.7%) had chronic periodontitis versus to 44 (10.9%) of aggressive periodontitis. The female was higher than males with a sex ratio of 1.49:1 and the age group between 20 and 29 was the most represented. PPP of ≥6 mm was found in 24.6%, 5 or 5.5 mm in 27.3% and PPP of 3.5 to 4.5 mm in 48.1% of patients with periodontitis. Significant difference was found between CP and AP according to age variable, p-value < 0.001. PlI for CP was 0.97 (SD ± 0.38) while that for AP was 0.90 (SD ± 0.43). No significant differences were found between PlI, p-value = 0.47;FTB (p = 0.055) and BOP of subjects with AP and those with CP (p = 0.105). Conclusion: The two main forms of periodontitis diseases are more prevalent in patients attending dental services in Kinshasa and affect male as well as female. Age remains an essential variable to distinguish between CP and AP.展开更多
Periodontal disease leads to loss of tissue homeostasis of tooth supporting structures. The mechanism of fibrous tissue degradation by various enzymes in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis was well doc...Periodontal disease leads to loss of tissue homeostasis of tooth supporting structures. The mechanism of fibrous tissue degradation by various enzymes in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis was well documented but there is paucity of information regarding epithelial response. The aim of the present study was to evaluation of epithelial cell proliferation in Chronic Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis and normal patients using Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The study consists of 30 individuals who attended the Periodontia clinic of Vishnu Dental College. They were divided equally into 3 groups: chronic periodontitis (10) aggressive periodontitis (10) and normal individuals requiring gingival excision for crown lengthening (10). Excised gingival tissues were routinely processed and subjected to Immuno-histochemical evaluation using Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The mean proliferation index was almost equal in Aggressive periodontitis patients (36.55) and normal individuals (37.02) but it was high in Aggressive Periodontitis patients when compared to chronic periodontitis group (18.86). Observations of this study indicate the possibility of subclinical inflammation in clinically normal gingiva and difference in the types of microorganism associated with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.展开更多
Pattern recognition receptor(PRR)is a kind of sensor which is mainly expressed on the surface of innate immune cells.It can recognize pathogen related molecular patterns(PAMPs)or damage related molecular patterns(DAMP...Pattern recognition receptor(PRR)is a kind of sensor which is mainly expressed on the surface of innate immune cells.It can recognize pathogen related molecular patterns(PAMPs)or damage related molecular patterns(DAMPs).The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors to recognize pathogenic microorganisms in periodontal tissues and transmit signals to downstream pathways in time,thus triggering immune responses and then eliminating them.PRR has many family members,including toll like receptor family(TLRs),C-type lectin receptor family(CLRs),retinoic acid induced gene I(RIG-I)like receptor family(RLRs)and nucleotide binding oligomer domain(NOD)like receptor family(NLRs).Among them,RLRs are cytoplasmic receptors that recognize dsRNA from RNA viruses and have little association with chronic periodontitis.In this paper,the classification and structure of TLRs,CLRs,NLRs and the role of signal transduction pathway in chronic periodontitis are reviewed.In order to enrich the pathogenesis of periodontitis,provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of chronic periodontitis.展开更多
Objective: To establish a chronic periodontitis model of SD rats and detect the expression of Notch in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chronic periodontitis model was detected by real-time quantitative p...Objective: To establish a chronic periodontitis model of SD rats and detect the expression of Notch in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chronic periodontitis model was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), intracellular staining and flow cytometry. It is hoped that we can find out the potential significance of Notch related molecules in the development of chronic periodontitis and provide a theoretical basis for seeking new methods of treating chronic periodontitis. Methods: 27 male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group and model group. By means of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a chronic periodontitis rat model was established. The gingival index, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket depth were recorded. The expression levels of Notch signaling related receptors (Notch 1 to Notch 4) in PBMC of model mice were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and intracellular staining at different levels and compared with the control group. Results: The model of chronic periodontitis in SD rats was successfully established. The expression of Mrna of Notch 1, Notch 3, Notch 4 and percentage of cell expression in the model group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), but Notch 2 Mrna and percentage of cell expression were significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: This indicated that Notch and its ligands may play important roles in imbalance of immune balance for chronic periodontitis and provide ideas for in-depth study of the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Most physicians consider molars with chronic apical periodontitis(CAP)lesions as contraindications for immediate implant placement.At the patient’s request,we perform immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP in clinical practice.AIM To retrospectively analyze and compare the 5-year outcomes of immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP and those without obvious inflammation.METHODS The clinical data of patients with immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University,from June 2015 to June 2017 were collected.The patients were divided into CAP(n=52)and no-CAP(n=45)groups.Changes in bone mineral density and bone mass around implants were analyzed 5 years after implant restoration.RESULTS At 5 years after implantation,the peri-implant bone mineral density was 528.2±78.8 Hounsfield unit(HU)in the CAP group and 562.6±82.9 HU in the no-CAP group(P=0.126).Marginal bone resorption around implants did not differ significantly between the two groups,including buccal(P=0.268)or lingual(P=0.526)resorption in the vertical direction or buccal(P=0.428)or lingual(P=0.560)resorption in the horizontal direction.Changes in the peri-implant jump space did not differ significantly between the two groups,including the buccal(P=0.247)or lingual(P=0.604)space in the vertical direction or buccal(P=0.527)or lingual(P=0.707)space in the horizontal direction.The gray value of cone-beam computed tomography measured using Image J software can reflect the bone mineral density.In the CAP area,the gray values of the bone tissue immediately and 5 years after implant placement differed significantly from those of the surrounding bone tissue(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that immediate implant placement of the mandibular molars with CAP can achieve satisfactory 5-year clinical results,without significant differences in the complications,survival rate,or bone tissue condition from the no-CAP mandibular molars.
文摘Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of periodontal support tissue caused by microorganisms in dental plaque. During the development of periodontal disease, host immune regulation plays an important role, and unnecessary excessive immune regulation often exacerbates the course of chronic periodontal disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with self replication ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Many studies have found that MSCs have strong immunosuppressive effects on both adaptive and innate immunity. In recent years, literature has reported that MSCs are involved in the immune regulatory effect of chronic periodontal disease, inhibiting its inflammatory response and alveolar bone resorption, but the specific regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. This article reviews the current research status of the immune regulatory effects of MSCs on chronic periodontitis.
基金supported by Natural Science Research Program of Henan Education Department(No.201302X63)
文摘Objective: To discuss the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis under the chronic intermittent hypoxia. Methods: A total of 32 SD healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 8 rats in each group. The molecular biological techniques of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the effect of different hypoxia time(0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) and different concentrations of hypoxia(0.000, 0.001, 0.010, 0.060 and 0.100 ppm) on the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats of four groups. Results: The expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in each group was significantly higher than the one at other concentrations when the concentration was 0.010 ppm, with the statistical difference(P<0.05). The expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 was that normoxic control group > periodontitis group> chronic intermittent hypoxia group > compound group under the action with the concentration of 0.010 ppm for 12 h, but there was no significant difference for the comparison among groups(P>0.05). Conclusions: The condition of chronic intermittent hypoxia can reduce the expression of RUNX2 and MDM21 in rats with periodontitis and aggravate the damage of periodontal bone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(Grant No:309067)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the correlation of chronic periodontitis in tropical area and IFN- 7,IL-10 and IL-17 levels.Methods:One hundred and forty-eight patients and one hundred and thirty-two healthy control subjects were included in the study.Clinical parameters(PI.CI and PD) and GCF levels of IFN- 7.II.—10 and IL-17 were measured at baseline,week 8,week 16 and week 24 after mechanical removal of dental plaque.IFN- 7 and IL-10 were determined with EL1SA methods and IL-17 was determined with the cytometric bead array.Results:Removal of dental plaque resulted in improvement in all clinical parameters.Meanwhile,GCF IL-17 declined to control levels,while GCF IFN- 7 and IL-10 levels remained unchanged.Conclusions:The decline of GCF IL-17 levels in patients with resolution of periodontitis suggests that IL-17 is involved in the periodontal inflammatory process.
文摘AIM To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycosylated haemoglobin levels in pre-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis(CHP).METHODS Sixty pre-diabetic patients with CHP were selected and equally allocated to case and control group. All subjects were evaluated at base line for periodontal parameters(plaque index, oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level) and systemic parameters [glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c), fasting lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose]. The case group received non-surgical periodontal therapy. Subjects were re-evaluated for periodontal and systemic parameters after three months.RESULTS Both groups were comparable at baseline. Three months after non surgical periodontal therapy(NSPT), there was significant improvement in periodontal parameters in case group. The mean difference in systemic parameters like HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose from baseline to fourth month for case group was 0.22 ± 0.11 and 3.90 ± 8.48 respectively and control group was-0.056 ± 0.10 and-1.66 ± 6.04 respectively, which was significant between case and control group(P < 0.05). In the case group there was a significant decrease in HbA1c from baseline to three months following NSPT(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION This study showed that periodontal inflammation could affect the glycemic control in otherwise systemically healthy individuals. Periodontal therapy improved periodontal health status and decreased glycosylated haemoglobin levels, thus reducing the probability of occurrence of inflammation induced prediabetes in patients with CHP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 30840091 and 81000428)
文摘To investigate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of patients requiring endodontic retreatment for apical periodontitis.Patients with apical periodontitis who were referred for endodontic retreatment were examined.The type and quality of the restoration,symptoms,quality of obturation were recorded.During retreatment,an oral rinse sample and root canal sample were cultured using brain-heart infusion agar and bile esculinazide agar to select for E.faecalis.The 16S rRNA technique was used to identify E.faecalis.A total of 32 women and 22 men(mean age:38 years;s.d.:11 years) and 58 teeth were studied.The prevalence of E.faecalis was 19% in the saliva and 38% in the root canals.The odds that root canals harbored E.faecalis were increased if the saliva habored this bacterium(odds ratio59.7;95% confidence interval51.8-51.6;P,0.05).Teeth with unsatisfactory root obturation had more cultivable bacterial species in root canals than teeth with satisfactory root obturation(P,0.05).E.faecalis is more common in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis than in saliva.The prevalence of E.faecalis in root canals is associated with the presence of E.faecalis in saliva.
基金by Qiqihar Science and Technology Bureau Social Development General Instruction Project,No.SFGG-201965.
文摘BACKGROUND Routine preclinical interventions for patients with chronic periodontitis such as supragingival cleaning and subgingival curettage,establishing a balanced occlusal relationship,and irrigation with 3%hydrogen peroxide can relieve the symptoms to some extent.However,there is room for improvement in the overall effect.For example,Er:YAG lasers can quickly increase the temperature of the irradiated tissue,effectively eliminate dental plaque and calculus,reduce periodontal pockets,adjust periodontal microecology,and reduce the gingival sulcus.The content of factors in the liquid,and then achieve the purpose of treatment.AIM The aim was evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser-assisted routine therapy on the periodontal status in chronic periodontitis.METHODS Between October 2018 and January 2020,106 patients with chronic periodontitis in our hospital were randomly assigned to either the study or control group,with 53 patients in each group.The control group underwent routine therapy,and the study group underwent Er:YAG laser therapy in addition to routine therapy.We evaluated the treatment outcome in both groups.Periodontal status was determined by clinical attachment loss(CAL),gingival index(GI),periodontal probing depth(PD),dental plaque index(PLI),and sulcular bleeding index(SBI),inflammatory factors in the gingival crevicular fluid,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8],and colony forming units(CFUs).RESULTS Total effectiveness in the study group(94.34%)was higher than that in the control group(79.25%,P<0.05).The clinical parameters in the study group(PD,5.28±1.08 mm;CAL,4.81±0.79 mm;SBI,3.37±0.59;GI,1.38±0.40;PLI,2.05±0.65)were not significantly different from those in the control group(PD,5.51±1.14 mm;CAL,5.09±0.83 mm;SBI,3.51±0.62;GI,(1.41±0.37;PLI,1.98±0.70)before treatment(P>0.05).However,after treatment,the parameters in the study group(PD,2.97±0.38 mm;CAL,2.71±0.64 mm;SBI,2.07±0.32;GI,0.51±0.11;PLI,1.29±0.34)were lower than those in the control group(PD,3.71±0.42 mm;CAL,3.60±0.71 mm;SBI,2.80±0.44;GI,0.78±0.23;PLI,1.70±0.51)(P<0.05).Differences in crevicular TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-8 levels in the study(TNF-α,7.82±3.43 ng/mL;IL-6,11.67±2.59 ng/mL;IL-8,12.12±3.19 pg/mL)and control groups(TNF-α,9.06±3.89 ng/ml,IL-6,12.13±2.97 ng/mL,IL-8,10.99±3.30 pg/mL)before therapy(P>0.05)were not significant.Following treatment,the parameters were significantly lower in the study group(TNF-α,2.04±0.89 ng/mL;IL-6,4.60±1.26 ng/mL;IL-8,3.15±1.08 pg/mL)than in the control group(TNF-α,3.11±1.07 ng/mL;IL-6,6.25±1.41 ng/mL;IL-8,4.64±1.23 pg/mL,P<0.05).The difference in the CFU of the study group[(367.91±74.32)×104/mL and control group(371.09±80.25)×104/mL]before therapy was not significant(P>0.05).The CFU decreased in both groups following therapy,however,the CFU values were lower in the study group[(36.09±15.26)×104/mL]than in the control group[(45.89±18.08)×104/mL](P<0.05).CONCLUSION Combining Er:YAG lasers with routine measures significantly improved the overall periodontal therapy outcomes by improving periodontal status and reducing oral levels of inflammatory factors and CFUs.
基金supported by JCPT2011-9 and SKLODSCU 20130012 to XDZNSFC grant 81200760 and SKLODSCU 20130014 to LWZ
文摘Apical periodontitis,dominated by dense inflammatory infiltrates and increased osteoclast activities,can lead to alveolar bone destruction and tooth loss.It is believed that miRNA participates in regulating various biological processes,osteoclastogenesis included.This study aims to investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in rat apical periodontitis and explore their functional target genes.Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in apical periodontitis.Bioinformatics technique was applied for predicting the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and their biological functions.The result provided us with an insight into the potential biological effects of the differentially expressed miRNAs and showed particular enrichment of target genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathways.These findings may highlight the intricate and specific roles of miRNA in inflammation and osteoclastogenesis,both of which are key aspects of apical periodontitis,thus contributing to the future investigation into the etiology,under-lying mechanism and treatment of apical periodontitis.
文摘Opportunistic bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP) may pose a risk for systemic dissemination.Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a broad and potent antimicrobial activity important for gut mucosal integrity.It was recently shown that MAIT cells are present in the oral mucosal tissue,but the involvement of MAIT cells in AP is unknown.Here,comparison of surgically resected AP and gingival tissues demonstrated that AP tissues express significantly higher levels of Vα7.2-Jα33,Vα7.2- Jα20,Vα7.2-Jα12,Cα and tumour necrosis factor (TNF),interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A transcripts,resembling a MAIT cell signature.Moreover,in AP tissues the MR1-restricted MAIT cells positive for MR1–5-OP-RU tetramer staining appeared to be of similar levels as in peripheral blood but consisted mainly of CD4^+ subset.Unlike gingival tissues,the AP microbiome was quantitatively impacted by factors like fistula and high patient age and had a prominent riboflavin-expressing bacterial feature.When merged in an integrated view,the examined immune and microbiome data in the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis could identify bacterial relative abundances that negatively correlated with Vα7.2-Jα33,Cα,and IL-17A transcript expressions in AP,implying that MAIT cells could play a role in the local defence at the oral tissue barrier.In conclusion,we describe the presence of MAIT cells at the oral site where translocation of oral microbiota could take place.These findings have implications for understanding the immune sensing of polymicrobial-related oral diseases.
文摘Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a self-management ability questionnaire for patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: A questionnaire was developed through theoretical research,literature review,semistructured interview,and expert consultation.A total of 231 patients with chronic periodontitis from the Department of Periodontics in the Stomatological Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were recruited by convenient sampling.Validity and reliability were analyzed.Results: The questionnaire consisted of 24 items.Exploratory factor analysis identified three principal factors,which explained 66.949% of the total variance.The item-level content validity was between 0.800 and 1.000,and the scale-level content validity was 0.969.The coefficient of correlation between the gold standard and the whole questionnaire was 0.869.Cronbach's α of the whole questionnaire was 0.931,and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.825.Conclusion: The questionnaire developed in this study satisfies the measurement standard and has good reliability and validity.It is useful for clinical work to measure self-management among patients with chronic periodontitis.
文摘Chronic periodontitis (CP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic inflammatory conditions, and share many pathologic features. Plasma amino acid profiles have been shown to be associated with RA, but their relevance to CP remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to evaluate amino acid profiles in relation to CP and RA. The study participants consisted of 62 patients with RA (RA group), 30 patients with CP (CP group) and 29 healthy controls (H group) in age-, gender-, smoking status-balanced condition. Clinical periodontal and rheumatologic parameter values and plasma levels of 21 amino acids, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined. Multiple comparison analyses revealed that the RA group exhibited similar periodontal conditions but significantly higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α than the CP group (P < 0.01). A total of four amino acids (glycine, histidine, ornithine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid) were significantly different in the concentrations among the three groups (P < 0.01). The RA group displayed significantly lower levels of glycine and histidine and significantly higher ornithine level than the CP and H groups (P < 0.01). The CP group showed significantly higher alpha-aminobutyric acid level than the RA and H groups (P < 0.01). Of these four amino acids, a significantly positive correlation was found between ornithine level and % of sites with bleeding on probing (P = 0.006) in the RA group. These results suggest a possibility that profiles of four amino acids may play a role in the pathogenesis of CP and RA.
文摘Periodontitis, is an infectious ailment of multifactorial origin, that brings about destruction of bone and surrounding tissues. There are various oral pathogens that may be responsible for the destruction. The host encounters these microbial invasions and their products by the production and release of inflammatory mediators from the cells within the body. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are a group of enzymes that utilize glutathione in conditions resulting in oxidative stress. These enzymes play a key role in the detoxifycation of such substance. It aids in preventing damage to important cellular components caused by release of free reactive oxygen species. Ceruloplasmin is a ferroxidase enzyme. It plays a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, by its ability to scavenge free radicals within the body. The present study was targeted at evaluating the levels of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Ceruloplasmin as diagnostic markers for patients with chronic periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the gingival tissues. Thirty patients were divided into two groups. Experimental group comprising of 15 subjects with chronic perio- dontitis and the control group was composed of 15 healthy individuals. Highly significant changes in GST between the diseased and normal patients (P = 0.001) were detected. There was a decrease in GST level in both gingival tissue & GCF in diseased patients when compared to the control patients. The ceruloplasmin levels in GCF and gingival tissues showed no difference between the control and diseased group. Hence,these results indicate a relationship suggesting that GST produced during chronic inflammation could be used as biomarker that indicate periodontal disease .
文摘The prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is constantly escalating not only in industrialized countries but throughout the world.It is of major significance because of to its high morbidity and mortality.Strategies to tackle this worldwide health problem include identification of its associated risk factors,comorbidities,and complications as well as proper management to handle all the pertinent issues.Periodontal disease,a treatable infectious state of the dental supporting tissues,is common in CKD patients.Its association with CKD is believed to be in a reciprocal or bidirectional fashion and has been massively studied.This paper,therefore,aims to review the recent evidence pertaining to the association between periodontal disease and a variety of renal illnesses.Most of the current evidence was collected from cross-sectional studies and clinical trials.There is substantial evidence indicating that periodontal disease contributes markedly to the chronic systemic inflammatory burden,leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications,the principal causes of death among chronic renal disease patients.Furthermore,several studies demonstrated that proper periodontal intervention could help improve systemic inflammation and even nutritional status among CKD patients,resulting in a better quality of life.Suggestions have been made that periodontal disease should be diagnosed early,and managed and controlled to,atleast,eradicate a source of inflammation in this population.Awareness of such an important issue should be increased in the relevant medical personnel.
文摘According to the progress of the antibiotic medicine, the severe infection case is decreasing recently. We recently experienced a case of temporal fossa abscess caused by periapical periodontitis the upper left side of the second molar. A 79-year-old woman visited to Showa University Dental Hospital complaining of the painful swelling at the left side of the temporal and trismus. The routine blood test exhibited a severe inflammation. We performed drainage treatment at temporal skin and normal oral bacterial flora was detected by the bacteriological examination. Under treatment included the administration of antibiotics, the inflammation healed without serious complication and she recovered completely.
文摘Aims: This article describes the apical infection in endodontically treated tooth 4.5 that spread to adjacent tooth 4.4. Case Report: A 52-year-old woman was referred for the presence of radiolucency extending from tooth 4.5 and mental foramen. Spontaneous symptoms were present. Tooth 4.5 showed poor-quality endodontics. The vitality of tooth 4.4 was negative, even though no mechanical trauma had been reported, nor was caries present. Both teeth were sensitive to percussion. Endodontic re-treatment of 4.5 and endodontic treatment of 4.4 were performed in a single visit. A large amount of endodontic sealer squeezed mesially from the root of tooth 4.5, where a partial horizontal root fracture was hypothesized. 6-, 12-, and 18-month radiographic follow-ups, by both periapical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analyses, showed incomplete osseous healing. CBCT excluded root fracture on 4.5. Local symptoms were still present. Clinical and radiological conditions led to extractions, and a cystic lesion was enucleated for histopathologic analyses. Histopathologic diagnosis was a periapical cyst. The supposed partial horizontal root fracture of 4.5 was actually a large lateral canal. Although the root canal treatments followed high standards in terms of quality, a persistent chronic infection developed histologically. The cystic lesion was one consistent reason for the unsuccessful healing of 4.5.
文摘Periodontitis is a prevalent destructive gum disease, characterized by loss of tissues supporting the teeth. The two main forms, chronic and aggressive have not been assessed in Kinshasa, DR Congo. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the Prevalence and the pattern of chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP) in order to improve its management. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 404 subjects attending the dental services of the four hospitals of Kinshasa city, from October 2013 to April 2014 was carried out. The plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and frequency of tooth brushing (FTB) were the parameters assessed. The SPSS software version 20.0 was used. Results: Out of 404 patients examined, 322 (79.7%) had chronic periodontitis versus to 44 (10.9%) of aggressive periodontitis. The female was higher than males with a sex ratio of 1.49:1 and the age group between 20 and 29 was the most represented. PPP of ≥6 mm was found in 24.6%, 5 or 5.5 mm in 27.3% and PPP of 3.5 to 4.5 mm in 48.1% of patients with periodontitis. Significant difference was found between CP and AP according to age variable, p-value < 0.001. PlI for CP was 0.97 (SD ± 0.38) while that for AP was 0.90 (SD ± 0.43). No significant differences were found between PlI, p-value = 0.47;FTB (p = 0.055) and BOP of subjects with AP and those with CP (p = 0.105). Conclusion: The two main forms of periodontitis diseases are more prevalent in patients attending dental services in Kinshasa and affect male as well as female. Age remains an essential variable to distinguish between CP and AP.
文摘Periodontal disease leads to loss of tissue homeostasis of tooth supporting structures. The mechanism of fibrous tissue degradation by various enzymes in chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis was well documented but there is paucity of information regarding epithelial response. The aim of the present study was to evaluation of epithelial cell proliferation in Chronic Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis and normal patients using Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The study consists of 30 individuals who attended the Periodontia clinic of Vishnu Dental College. They were divided equally into 3 groups: chronic periodontitis (10) aggressive periodontitis (10) and normal individuals requiring gingival excision for crown lengthening (10). Excised gingival tissues were routinely processed and subjected to Immuno-histochemical evaluation using Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). The mean proliferation index was almost equal in Aggressive periodontitis patients (36.55) and normal individuals (37.02) but it was high in Aggressive Periodontitis patients when compared to chronic periodontitis group (18.86). Observations of this study indicate the possibility of subclinical inflammation in clinically normal gingiva and difference in the types of microorganism associated with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis.
基金Scientific research project of Hainan Provincial Department of Education(No.hnky2018zd-7)。
文摘Pattern recognition receptor(PRR)is a kind of sensor which is mainly expressed on the surface of innate immune cells.It can recognize pathogen related molecular patterns(PAMPs)or damage related molecular patterns(DAMPs).The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors to recognize pathogenic microorganisms in periodontal tissues and transmit signals to downstream pathways in time,thus triggering immune responses and then eliminating them.PRR has many family members,including toll like receptor family(TLRs),C-type lectin receptor family(CLRs),retinoic acid induced gene I(RIG-I)like receptor family(RLRs)and nucleotide binding oligomer domain(NOD)like receptor family(NLRs).Among them,RLRs are cytoplasmic receptors that recognize dsRNA from RNA viruses and have little association with chronic periodontitis.In this paper,the classification and structure of TLRs,CLRs,NLRs and the role of signal transduction pathway in chronic periodontitis are reviewed.In order to enrich the pathogenesis of periodontitis,provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of chronic periodontitis.
基金1.Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province2.Science develop Foundation of Hainan Medical University.Project No:1.201583182.HY2014-009.
文摘Objective: To establish a chronic periodontitis model of SD rats and detect the expression of Notch in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of chronic periodontitis model was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), intracellular staining and flow cytometry. It is hoped that we can find out the potential significance of Notch related molecules in the development of chronic periodontitis and provide a theoretical basis for seeking new methods of treating chronic periodontitis. Methods: 27 male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group and model group. By means of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a chronic periodontitis rat model was established. The gingival index, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket depth were recorded. The expression levels of Notch signaling related receptors (Notch 1 to Notch 4) in PBMC of model mice were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and intracellular staining at different levels and compared with the control group. Results: The model of chronic periodontitis in SD rats was successfully established. The expression of Mrna of Notch 1, Notch 3, Notch 4 and percentage of cell expression in the model group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), but Notch 2 Mrna and percentage of cell expression were significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: This indicated that Notch and its ligands may play important roles in imbalance of immune balance for chronic periodontitis and provide ideas for in-depth study of the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.
