Chronic inflammation,through a variety of mechanisms,plays a key role in the occurrence and development of digestive system malignant tumors(DSMTs).In this study,we feature and provide a comprehensive understanding of...Chronic inflammation,through a variety of mechanisms,plays a key role in the occurrence and development of digestive system malignant tumors(DSMTs).In this study,we feature and provide a comprehensive understanding of DSMT prevention strategies based on preventing or controlling chronic inflammation.The development and evaluation of cancer prevention strategies is a longstanding process.Cancer prevention,especially in the early stage of life,should be emphasized throughout the whole life course.Issues such as the time interval for colon cancer screening,the development of direct-acting antiviral drugs for liver cancer,and the Helicobacter pylori vaccine all need to be explored in long-term,large-scale experiments in the future.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a further expression of metabolic syndrome, strictly linked to obesity and diabetes mellitus, is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), elevated serum levels of free fatty...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a further expression of metabolic syndrome, strictly linked to obesity and diabetes mellitus, is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), elevated serum levels of free fatty acids and fatty infi ltration of the liver, which is known as hepatic steatosis. Hepatocyte apoptosis is a key feature of this disease and correlates with its severity. Free-fatty-acidinduced toxicity represents one of mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD and hormones, growth factors and adipokines influence also play a key role. This review highlights the various pathways that contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis. Circulating concentrations of inflammatory cytokines are reckoned to be the most important factor in causing and maintaining IR. Low-grade chronic inflammation is fundamental in the progression of NAFLD toward higher risk cirrhotic states.展开更多
Objective:In prostate specimens,chronic inflammatory infiltrate(CII)type Ⅳ has been detected,but its association with prostate cancer(PCa)is controversial.The aim of the present study is to investigate on association...Objective:In prostate specimens,chronic inflammatory infiltrate(CII)type Ⅳ has been detected,but its association with prostate cancer(PCa)is controversial.The aim of the present study is to investigate on associations of CII with PCa detection in patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set.Methods:Ultrasound transrectal-guided biopsies by the transperineal approach were retrospectively evaluated in 441 consecutive patients.The study excluded patients who were in active surveillance,prostate specific antigen(PSA)30 ng/mL,re-biopsies,incidental PCa after transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP),less than 14 cores or metastatic.Analysis of population and subpopulations(with or without PCa)was performed by statistical methods which included ManneWhitney(U test),KruskaleWallis test,Chi-squared statistic,logistic regression.Multivariate logistic regression models predicting mean probability of PCa detection were established.Results:PCa detection rate was 46.03%.Age,PSA,prostate volume(PV),prostate intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN)and CII were the significant independent predictors of PCa detection.PV(OR Z 0.934)and CII(OR Z 0.192)were both negative independent predictors.CII was a significant negative independent predictor in multivariate logistic regression models predicting the mean probability of PCa detection by age,PSA and PV.The inverse association of CII with PCa does not necessary mean protection because of PSA confounding.Conclusion:In a population of patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set,CII was a strong negative independent predictor of PCa detection.CII type Ⅳ should be considered as an adjunctive parameter in re-biopsy or active surveillance protocols.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)causes systemic vascular inflammation.The increased risk of venous as well as arterial thromboembolic phenomena in IBD is well established.More recently,a relationship between IBD and at...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)causes systemic vascular inflammation.The increased risk of venous as well as arterial thromboembolic phenomena in IBD is well established.More recently,a relationship between IBD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)has been postulated.Systemic inflammatory diseases,such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus,have well characterized cardiac pathologies and treatments that focus on prevention of disease associated ASCVD.The impact of chronic inflammation on ASCVD in IBD remains poorly characterized.This manuscript aims to review and summarize the current literature pertaining to IBD and ASCVD with respect to its pathophysiology and impact of medications in order to encourage further research that can improve understanding and help develop clinical recommendations for prevention and management of ASCVD in patients with IBD.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The recognition of hum...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The recognition of human blood microbiota, consisting of cell wall-deficient microbes (L-forms), is a major challenge today in the field of microbiology. There are accumulating data confirming the concept of “internal” blood L-form microbiota and its significance for health and diseases. Finding out whether the blood microbiota can be of diagnostic and prognostic importance for detection and evaluation of chronic infections anywhere in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the body is a major objective. In the context of chronically infected upper</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respiratory tract (URT), the aim of the current study was to understand</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> wheth</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er a local infection can be a source for entry of bacteria and fungi in th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e blood. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Blood samples from six persons with chronic inflammations</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in URT diagnosed with hypertrophied adenoids, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, chronic naso-pharyngitis and one control healthy person were studied. Blood microbiota assessment methodology that be used, included three phases: </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">isolation of L-form cultures from blood-development and propagation;</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) cultivation directed to conversion of L-forms into bacterial and fungal cul</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tures;</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) isolation of pure classical bacterial and fungal cultures and their</span><span style="font-family:""> <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">identification by MALDI-TOF method. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> From the patients were isolated </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L-forms of opportunistic bacteria (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mitis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Roseomonas mucosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Enterococcus faecalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Acinetobacter johnsonii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas putida</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pseudomonas luteola</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Enterobacter cloacae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and fungi such as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aspergillus niger</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucorales.</span></i> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The novel innovative methodology for assessment of blood L-form microbiota was successfully applied for detection of microbes responsible for chronic infections at URT.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the manuscript,describing management and surveillance strategies in synchronous and metachronous,gastric and colon cancers.Synchronous or metachronous primary malignancies at different ...In this editorial we comment on the manuscript,describing management and surveillance strategies in synchronous and metachronous,gastric and colon cancers.Synchronous or metachronous primary malignancies at different sites of the gastrointestinal tract pose a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Multidisciplinary services and strategies are required for the management of multiple site primary malignancies,to provide the best oncological outcomes.Although this study highlights the dual cancers in 76 sporadic cases,the authors excluded 55 patients due to combination of factors which includes;incomplete clinical data,genetic syndrome,gastric stump cancers.In addition,the authors did not elaborate if any patients presented with signet ring cell morphology,E-cadherin mutations or presence of inflammatory bowel disease.Genetic and mutational errors and epithelial field defects from chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are important when considering synchronous gastric and colonic cancers.We will briefly discuss these in this editorial.展开更多
In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which partici...In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.Due to their good biocompatibility,accurate targeting,low toxicity and immunogenicity,these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors.Therefore,the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention.Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification,isolation,modification and drug loading.More importantly,we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),osteoarthritis(OA),atherosclerosis(AS),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Finally,we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.展开更多
Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation.Methods:A systematically and comprehensively search was conducted in 4 Ch...Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation.Methods:A systematically and comprehensively search was conducted in 4 Chinese databases of CNKI,VIP,Wan Fang and CBM and the foreign language databases of Pubmed,EMbase and The Cochrane Library.The retrieval time was from database establishment to March 2019.The randomized controlled trials of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation were selected according to the predetermined criteria.The quality of the included study was evaluated by Cochrane collaborative network bias risk evaluation tool,and the meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man5.3 software.Results:A total of 1009 related literatures were searched.After initial screening and strict evaluation,55 studies were included,with a total sample size of 6826 cases,including 3416 cases in the experiment group and 3410 cases in the control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation was better than that of antibiotics alone(RR=1.20,95%CI[1.17,1.22],P<0.00001).Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics was better than that of antibiotics alone in the improvement of abdominal pain symptoms(RR=1.40,95%CI[1.04,1.88],P<0.00001),leukorrhea abnormality(RR=1.38,95%CI[1.16,1.65],P<0.0004).In terms of safety,Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics could reduce the incidence of adverse reactions(RR=0.67,95%CI[0.48,0.93],P<0.02).The main adverse reactions were nausea and vomiting,bitterness and astringency in the mouth,rash and so on.All of them could be tolerated and the symptoms could disappear in the short term,and had no effect on the treatment.Conclusion:Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation can improve the total effective rate,relieve abdominal pain and abnormal leukorrhea and other clinical discomfort symptoms,improve the quality of life of patients to a certain extent,and no serious adverse reactions are found.Due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included literature,the above conclusions need to be further studied and verified by high-quality research.展开更多
Chronic inflammation is often associated with alcoholrelated medical conditions. The key inducer of such inflammation, and also the best understood, is gut microflora-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Alcohol can sign...Chronic inflammation is often associated with alcoholrelated medical conditions. The key inducer of such inflammation, and also the best understood, is gut microflora-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Alcohol can significantly increase the translocation of LPS from the gut. In healthy individuals, the adverse effects of LPS are kept in check by the actions and interactions of multiple organs. The liver plays a central role in detoxifying LPS and producing a balanced cytokine milieu. The central nervous system contributes to anti-inflammatory regulation through neuroimmunoendocrine actions. Chronic alcohol use impairs not only gut and liver functions, but also multi-organ interactions, leading to persistent systemic inflammation and ultimately, to organ damage. The study of these interactions may provide potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.展开更多
BACKGROUND Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary(disease-related)and secondary(surgical anastomosis-related).Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications,whereas primary strictures have dive...BACKGROUND Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary(disease-related)and secondary(surgical anastomosis-related).Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications,whereas primary strictures have diverse etiologies,including various inflammatory conditions.Benign strictures are usually managed by surgery and endoscopy.We present an unusual etiology of benign rectal stricture caused by the repeated insertion of foreign objects into the rectum for sexual purposes,resulting in rectal injury and subsequent chronic inflammation.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic of the Colorectal Surgery Department with symptoms of chronic constipation and bloody stools.The patient previously experienced rectal injury due to foreign object insertion for sexual purposes.Colonoscopy revealed benign circumferential narrowing of the rectum.He underwent treatment by endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation and follow-up as an outpatient for 4 months.A colonoscopy at the end of the follow-up period revealed no evidence of rectal stricture relapse.CONCLUSION A history of rectal injury,followed by chronic inflammation,should be considered in patients with benign rectal strictures.Management with endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation can prevent the need for surgical resection of benign rectal strictures.展开更多
Members of the tumor-necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor(TNFR) superfamilies of proteins(TNFSF and TNFRSF, respectively) play important roles in the function of the immune system. Decoy receptor 3(Dc R3, TN...Members of the tumor-necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor(TNFR) superfamilies of proteins(TNFSF and TNFRSF, respectively) play important roles in the function of the immune system. Decoy receptor 3(Dc R3, TNFRSF6b) is a decoy receptor that binds to three TNFSF ligands, Fas L, LIGHT and TL1 A. Association to these ligands competes with the corresponding functional receptors and blocks downstream signaling, leading to immunomodulatory effects, including the prevention of apoptosis. Dc R3 lacks a transmembrane region and exists only as a secreted protein, which is detectable in biological fluids. Recent studies have shown that Dc R3 is upregulated and may be pathogenetically implicated in several and diverse chronic inflammatory diseases. The strongest associations have been described for rheumatological diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and serious infectious conditions, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In the majority of these conditions, Dc R3 m RNA and protein expression is elevated both at the target tissues as well as in the systemic circulation. Dc R3 concentration in the serum is untraceable in the majority of healthy individuals but can be detected in patients with various inflammatory diseases. In mostsuch cases, soluble Dc R3 correlates with disease severity, as patients with severe forms of disease have significantly higher levels than patients with milder or no activity. In addition, effective anti-inflammatory treatment leads to the disappearance of soluble Dc R3 from the circulation. Taken together, current evidence suggests that serum Dc R3 may become a useful biomarker for chronic inflammatory disorders, as it is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, and may serve both as a prognostic marker for disease severity and as a surrogate indicator of response to treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cumulative evidence suggests that the aberrant immune responses in acquired aplastic anemia(AA) are sustained by active chronic infections in genetically susceptible individuals. Recently, the constant sour...BACKGROUND Cumulative evidence suggests that the aberrant immune responses in acquired aplastic anemia(AA) are sustained by active chronic infections in genetically susceptible individuals. Recently, the constant source to trigger and sustain the pathophysiology has been proposed to come from the altered gut microbiota and chronic intestinal inflammation. In this case, our serendipitous finding provides convincing evidence that the persistently dysregulated autoimmunity may be generated, at least in a significant proposition of AA patients, by the altered gut microbiota and compromised intestinal epithelium.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old Chinese male patient with refractory severe AA experienced a 3-month-long febrile episode, and his fever was refractory to many kinds of injected broad-spectrum antibiotics. When presenting with abdominal cramps, he was prescribed oral mannitol and gentamycin to get rid of the gut infection. This treatment resulted in a quick resolution of the fever. Unanticipatedly, it also produced an excellent hematological response. He had undergone three episodes of recurrence within the one-year treatment, with each recurrence occurring 7-8 wk from the gastrointestinal inflammation eliminating preparations. However,subsequent treatments were able to produce subsequent remissions and consecutive treatments were successful in achieving durative hematological improvements, strongly indicating an etiological association between chronic gut inflammation and the development of AA. Interestingly, comorbid diseases superimposed on this patient(namely, psychiatric disorders, hypertension,insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction) were ameliorated together with the hematological improvements.CONCLUSION Chronic gut inflammation may be responsible for AA pathogenesis. The comorbidities and AA may share a common etiological association.展开更多
Compelling shreds of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research have demonstrated the crucial contribution of receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)axis activation in the development of ...Compelling shreds of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research have demonstrated the crucial contribution of receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)axis activation in the development of neoplasms,including gastric cancer(GC).This new actor in tumor biology plays an important role in the onset of a crucial and long-lasting inflammatory milieu,not only by supporting phenotypic changes favoring growth and dissemination of tumor cells,but also by functioning as a pattern-recognition receptor in the inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection.In the present review,we aim to highlight how the overexpression and activation of the RAGE axis contributes to the proliferation and survival of GC cells as and their acquisition of more invasive phenotypes that promote dissemination and metastasis.Finally,the contribution of some single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAGE gene as susceptibility or poor prognosis factors is also discussed.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)increases the risk of many lethal and debilitating conditions.Among them,foot ulceration due to neuropathy,vascular disease,or trauma affects the quality of life of millions in the United...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)increases the risk of many lethal and debilitating conditions.Among them,foot ulceration due to neuropathy,vascular disease,or trauma affects the quality of life of millions in the United States and around the world.Physiological wound healing is stalled in the inflammatory phase by the chronicity of inflammation without proceeding to the resolution phase.Despite advanced treatment,diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)are associated with a risk of amputation.Thus,there is a need for novel therapies to address chronic inflammation,decreased angiogenesis,and impaired granulation tissue formation contributing to the non-healing of DFUs.Studies have shown promising results with resolvins(Rv)and anti-inflammatory therapies that resolve inflammation and enhance tissue healing.But many of these studies have encountered difficulty in the delivery of Rv in terms of efficiency,tissue targetability,and immunogenicity.This review summarized the perspective of optimizing the therapeutic application of Rv and cytokines by pairing them with exosomes as a novel strategy for targeted tissue delivery to treat non-healing chronic DFUs.The articles discussing the T2DM disease state,current research on Rv for treating inflammation,the role of Rv in enhancing wound healing,and exosomes as a delivery vehicle were critically reviewed to find support for the proposition of using Rv and exosomes in combination for DFUs therapy.The literature reviewed suggests the beneficial role of Rv and exosomes and exosomes loaded with antiinflammatory agents as promising therapeutic agents in ulcer healing.展开更多
Emerging data highlights the heightened risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD)in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders,particularly those afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).This revi...Emerging data highlights the heightened risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD)in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders,particularly those afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).This review delves into the epidemiological connections between IBD and ASCVD,elucidating potential underlying mechanisms.Furthermore,it discusses the impact of current IBD treatments on cardiovascular risk.Additionally,the cardiovascular adverse effects of novel small molecule drugs used in moderate-to-severe IBD are investigated,drawing parallels with observations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.This article aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence supporting these associations.To achieve this,we conducted a meticulous search of PubMed,spanning from inception to August 2023,using a carefully selected set of keywords.The search encompassed topics related to IBD,such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,as well as ASCVD,including coronary artery disease,cardiovascular disease,atrial fibrillation,heart failure,conduction abnormalities,heart blocks,and premature coronary artery disease.This review encompasses various types of literature,including retrospective and prospective cohort studies,clinical trials,meta-analyses,and relevant guidelines,with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of this critical intersection of inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multinucleated giant cells(MGCs)in bladder carcinomas are poorly studied.AIM To describe the function,morphogenesis,and origin of mononuclear and MGCs in urothelial carcinoma(UC)of the bladder in Bulgarian ...BACKGROUND Multinucleated giant cells(MGCs)in bladder carcinomas are poorly studied.AIM To describe the function,morphogenesis,and origin of mononuclear and MGCs in urothelial carcinoma(UC)of the bladder in Bulgarian and French patients.METHODS Urothelial bladder carcinomas(n=104)from 2016-2020 were analyzed retrospectively using immunohistochemical(IHC)and histochemical stain examination.Giant cells in the bladder stroma were found in 35.6%of cases,more often in highgrades.RESULTS We confirm that MGCs in the mucosa in UC of the bladder were positive for both mesenchymal and myofibroblast markers(vimentin,smooth muscle actin,Desmin,and CD34)and the macrophage marker CD68.Furthermore,IHC studies revealed the following profile of these cells:Positive for p16;negative for epithelial(CK AE1/AE3 and GATA-3),vascular(CD31),neural(PS100 and CKIT),cambial,blastic(CD34-blasts and C-KIT),and immune markers(IG G,immunoglobulin G4,and PD-L1);no proliferative activity,possess no specific immune function,and cannot be used to calculate the Combined Positive Score scale.CONCLUSION In conclusion,the giant stromal cells in non-tumor and tumor bladder can be used as a characteristic and relatively constant,although nonspecific,histological marker for chronic bladder damage,reflecting the chronic irritation or inflammation.Likewise,according to the morphological and IHC of the mono-and multinucleated giant cells in the bladder,they are most likely represent telocytes capable of adapting their morphology to the pathology of the organ.展开更多
Background: Chronic inflammation of the joints in JIA patients is associated with raised levels of serum inflammatory biomarkers, which vary according to disease activity. Neutrophil count, platelet count, mean platel...Background: Chronic inflammation of the joints in JIA patients is associated with raised levels of serum inflammatory biomarkers, which vary according to disease activity. Neutrophil count, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), ESR and CRP are the essential markers to evaluate the disease activity status of JIA patients. Objectives: To assess neutrophil count, platelet count, MPV, PDW, CRP and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) in JIA patients and determine their association at the initial visit and six months after treatment. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2020 in the department of paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fifty newly diagnosed JIA cases fulfilling the ILAR classification criteria were included in the study. Disease activity was assessed by JADAS 27. JADAS 27 and inflammatory biomarkers were measured at the initial visit and six months of treatment and these were compared. Results: Mean neutrophil count, platelet count, and CRP significantly decreased at follow-up after six months of treatment. MPV and PDW were increased after six months compared to the initial visit, and the change was significant. Mean JADAS 27 also decreased significantly at follow-up. Neutrophil count, Platelet indices and CRP had a significant association with JADAS 27. Conclusion: In this study, neutrophil count, platelet indices, and CRP after six months of treatment were improved. A significant association of JADAS 27 was found with platelet indices, neutrophil count and CRP.展开更多
It is well-known that hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)treats malaria,systemic lupus erythematosus,and rheumatoid arthritis in women for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action.Additionally,HCQ was used in cases with ...It is well-known that hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)treats malaria,systemic lupus erythematosus,and rheumatoid arthritis in women for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action.Additionally,HCQ was used in cases with refractory antiphospholipid syndrome.HCQ safety was reinforced in pregnant women owing to insignificant reports of adverse pregnancy outcomes and major congenital malformation.Recently,HCQ was tested in cases with chronic placental inflammation with a promising result of increased life birth;however,its benefit needs further validation.We aimed to highlight the recent updates for HCQ use in various conditions in pregnancy.展开更多
Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial contribution of diabetes mellitus(DM)as a risk factor associated with increased cancer incidence and mort...Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial contribution of diabetes mellitus(DM)as a risk factor associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality in many human neoplasms,including gastric cancer(GC).DM is considered a systemic inflammatory disease and therefore,this inflammatory status may have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment(TME),particularly by driving many molecular mechanisms to generate a more aggressive TME.DM is an active driver in the modification of the behavior of many cell components of the TME as well as altering the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix(ECM),leading to an increased ECM stiffening.Additionally,DM can alter many cellular signaling mechanisms and thus favoring tumor growth,invasion,and metastatic potential,as well as key elements in regulating cellular functions and cross-talks,such as the microRNAs network,the production,and cargo of exosomes,the metabolism of cell stroma and resistance to hypoxia.In the present review,we intend to highlight the mechanistic contributions of DM to the remodeling of TME in GC.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),bacterial virulence factors,host immune response and environmental factors.The developme...Gastric cancer(GC)is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),bacterial virulence factors,host immune response and environmental factors.The development of the neoplastic microenvironment also depends on genetic and epigenetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes,which results in deregulation of cell signaling pathways and apoptosis process.This review summarizes the main aspects of the pathogenesis of GC and the immune response involved in chronic inflammation generated by H.pylori.展开更多
基金Supported by the Open Project Fund of Henan International Joint Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases,No.SS202204.
文摘Chronic inflammation,through a variety of mechanisms,plays a key role in the occurrence and development of digestive system malignant tumors(DSMTs).In this study,we feature and provide a comprehensive understanding of DSMT prevention strategies based on preventing or controlling chronic inflammation.The development and evaluation of cancer prevention strategies is a longstanding process.Cancer prevention,especially in the early stage of life,should be emphasized throughout the whole life course.Issues such as the time interval for colon cancer screening,the development of direct-acting antiviral drugs for liver cancer,and the Helicobacter pylori vaccine all need to be explored in long-term,large-scale experiments in the future.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a further expression of metabolic syndrome, strictly linked to obesity and diabetes mellitus, is characterized by insulin resistance (IR), elevated serum levels of free fatty acids and fatty infi ltration of the liver, which is known as hepatic steatosis. Hepatocyte apoptosis is a key feature of this disease and correlates with its severity. Free-fatty-acidinduced toxicity represents one of mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD and hormones, growth factors and adipokines influence also play a key role. This review highlights the various pathways that contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis. Circulating concentrations of inflammatory cytokines are reckoned to be the most important factor in causing and maintaining IR. Low-grade chronic inflammation is fundamental in the progression of NAFLD toward higher risk cirrhotic states.
文摘Objective:In prostate specimens,chronic inflammatory infiltrate(CII)type Ⅳ has been detected,but its association with prostate cancer(PCa)is controversial.The aim of the present study is to investigate on associations of CII with PCa detection in patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set.Methods:Ultrasound transrectal-guided biopsies by the transperineal approach were retrospectively evaluated in 441 consecutive patients.The study excluded patients who were in active surveillance,prostate specific antigen(PSA)30 ng/mL,re-biopsies,incidental PCa after transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP),less than 14 cores or metastatic.Analysis of population and subpopulations(with or without PCa)was performed by statistical methods which included ManneWhitney(U test),KruskaleWallis test,Chi-squared statistic,logistic regression.Multivariate logistic regression models predicting mean probability of PCa detection were established.Results:PCa detection rate was 46.03%.Age,PSA,prostate volume(PV),prostate intraepithelial neoplasia(PIN)and CII were the significant independent predictors of PCa detection.PV(OR Z 0.934)and CII(OR Z 0.192)were both negative independent predictors.CII was a significant negative independent predictor in multivariate logistic regression models predicting the mean probability of PCa detection by age,PSA and PV.The inverse association of CII with PCa does not necessary mean protection because of PSA confounding.Conclusion:In a population of patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set,CII was a strong negative independent predictor of PCa detection.CII type Ⅳ should be considered as an adjunctive parameter in re-biopsy or active surveillance protocols.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)causes systemic vascular inflammation.The increased risk of venous as well as arterial thromboembolic phenomena in IBD is well established.More recently,a relationship between IBD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)has been postulated.Systemic inflammatory diseases,such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus,have well characterized cardiac pathologies and treatments that focus on prevention of disease associated ASCVD.The impact of chronic inflammation on ASCVD in IBD remains poorly characterized.This manuscript aims to review and summarize the current literature pertaining to IBD and ASCVD with respect to its pathophysiology and impact of medications in order to encourage further research that can improve understanding and help develop clinical recommendations for prevention and management of ASCVD in patients with IBD.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The recognition of human blood microbiota, consisting of cell wall-deficient microbes (L-forms), is a major challenge today in the field of microbiology. There are accumulating data confirming the concept of “internal” blood L-form microbiota and its significance for health and diseases. Finding out whether the blood microbiota can be of diagnostic and prognostic importance for detection and evaluation of chronic infections anywhere in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the body is a major objective. In the context of chronically infected upper</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respiratory tract (URT), the aim of the current study was to understand</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> wheth</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">er a local infection can be a source for entry of bacteria and fungi in th</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e blood. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Blood samples from six persons with chronic inflammations</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in URT diagnosed with hypertrophied adenoids, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, chronic naso-pharyngitis and one control healthy person were studied. Blood microbiota assessment methodology that be used, included three phases: </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">isolation of L-form cultures from blood-development and propagation;</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) cultivation directed to conversion of L-forms into bacterial and fungal cul</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tures;</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) isolation of pure classical bacterial and fungal cultures and their</span><span style="font-family:""> <span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">identification by MALDI-TOF method. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> From the patients were isolated </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L-forms of opportunistic bacteria (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mitis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Roseomonas mucosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Enterococcus faecalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Acinetobacter johnsonii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas putida</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Pseudomonas luteola</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Enterobacter cloacae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and fungi such as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aspergillus niger</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aspergillus fumigatus and Mucorales.</span></i> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The novel innovative methodology for assessment of blood L-form microbiota was successfully applied for detection of microbes responsible for chronic infections at URT.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the manuscript,describing management and surveillance strategies in synchronous and metachronous,gastric and colon cancers.Synchronous or metachronous primary malignancies at different sites of the gastrointestinal tract pose a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.Multidisciplinary services and strategies are required for the management of multiple site primary malignancies,to provide the best oncological outcomes.Although this study highlights the dual cancers in 76 sporadic cases,the authors excluded 55 patients due to combination of factors which includes;incomplete clinical data,genetic syndrome,gastric stump cancers.In addition,the authors did not elaborate if any patients presented with signet ring cell morphology,E-cadherin mutations or presence of inflammatory bowel disease.Genetic and mutational errors and epithelial field defects from chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are important when considering synchronous gastric and colonic cancers.We will briefly discuss these in this editorial.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 82170459,2021]Sichuan Science and Technology Program[grant numbers 2022YFH0007,2022]+2 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program[grant numbers 23NSFSC1345,2022]the Key Project of Application and Basic Research of Southwest Medical University[grant numbers 2021ZKZD016,2021]the Special Support Project for Young Talents of Southwest Medical University[grant numbers 2020-2022].
文摘In the inflammatory microenvironment,there are numerous exosomes secreted by immune cells(Macrophages,neutrophils,dendritic cells),mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and platelets as intercellular communicators,which participate in the regulation of inflammation by modulating gene expression and releasing anti-inflammatory factors.Due to their good biocompatibility,accurate targeting,low toxicity and immunogenicity,these exosomes are able to selectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the site of inflammation through interactions between their surface-antibody or modified ligand with cell surface receptors.Therefore,the role of exosome-based biomimetic delivery strategies in inflammatory diseases has attracted increasing attention.Here we review current knowledge and techniques for exosome identification,isolation,modification and drug loading.More importantly,we highlight progress in using exosomes to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),osteoarthritis(OA),atherosclerosis(AS),and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Finally,we also discuss their potential and challenges as anti-inflammatory drug carriers.
基金National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2018YFC1707400)Basic Business Expense Project of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Z0605)。
文摘Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation.Methods:A systematically and comprehensively search was conducted in 4 Chinese databases of CNKI,VIP,Wan Fang and CBM and the foreign language databases of Pubmed,EMbase and The Cochrane Library.The retrieval time was from database establishment to March 2019.The randomized controlled trials of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation were selected according to the predetermined criteria.The quality of the included study was evaluated by Cochrane collaborative network bias risk evaluation tool,and the meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man5.3 software.Results:A total of 1009 related literatures were searched.After initial screening and strict evaluation,55 studies were included,with a total sample size of 6826 cases,including 3416 cases in the experiment group and 3410 cases in the control group.The results of meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate of Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation was better than that of antibiotics alone(RR=1.20,95%CI[1.17,1.22],P<0.00001).Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics was better than that of antibiotics alone in the improvement of abdominal pain symptoms(RR=1.40,95%CI[1.04,1.88],P<0.00001),leukorrhea abnormality(RR=1.38,95%CI[1.16,1.65],P<0.0004).In terms of safety,Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics could reduce the incidence of adverse reactions(RR=0.67,95%CI[0.48,0.93],P<0.02).The main adverse reactions were nausea and vomiting,bitterness and astringency in the mouth,rash and so on.All of them could be tolerated and the symptoms could disappear in the short term,and had no effect on the treatment.Conclusion:Fuke Qianjin Tablets(妇科千金片)combined with antibiotics in the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation can improve the total effective rate,relieve abdominal pain and abnormal leukorrhea and other clinical discomfort symptoms,improve the quality of life of patients to a certain extent,and no serious adverse reactions are found.Due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included literature,the above conclusions need to be further studied and verified by high-quality research.
文摘Chronic inflammation is often associated with alcoholrelated medical conditions. The key inducer of such inflammation, and also the best understood, is gut microflora-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Alcohol can significantly increase the translocation of LPS from the gut. In healthy individuals, the adverse effects of LPS are kept in check by the actions and interactions of multiple organs. The liver plays a central role in detoxifying LPS and producing a balanced cytokine milieu. The central nervous system contributes to anti-inflammatory regulation through neuroimmunoendocrine actions. Chronic alcohol use impairs not only gut and liver functions, but also multi-organ interactions, leading to persistent systemic inflammation and ultimately, to organ damage. The study of these interactions may provide potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
文摘BACKGROUND Benign rectal strictures can be categorized as primary(disease-related)and secondary(surgical anastomosis-related).Secondary strictures arise from surgical complications,whereas primary strictures have diverse etiologies,including various inflammatory conditions.Benign strictures are usually managed by surgery and endoscopy.We present an unusual etiology of benign rectal stricture caused by the repeated insertion of foreign objects into the rectum for sexual purposes,resulting in rectal injury and subsequent chronic inflammation.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic of the Colorectal Surgery Department with symptoms of chronic constipation and bloody stools.The patient previously experienced rectal injury due to foreign object insertion for sexual purposes.Colonoscopy revealed benign circumferential narrowing of the rectum.He underwent treatment by endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation and follow-up as an outpatient for 4 months.A colonoscopy at the end of the follow-up period revealed no evidence of rectal stricture relapse.CONCLUSION A history of rectal injury,followed by chronic inflammation,should be considered in patients with benign rectal strictures.Management with endoscopic argon plasma coagulation and balloon dilation can prevent the need for surgical resection of benign rectal strictures.
文摘Members of the tumor-necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor(TNFR) superfamilies of proteins(TNFSF and TNFRSF, respectively) play important roles in the function of the immune system. Decoy receptor 3(Dc R3, TNFRSF6b) is a decoy receptor that binds to three TNFSF ligands, Fas L, LIGHT and TL1 A. Association to these ligands competes with the corresponding functional receptors and blocks downstream signaling, leading to immunomodulatory effects, including the prevention of apoptosis. Dc R3 lacks a transmembrane region and exists only as a secreted protein, which is detectable in biological fluids. Recent studies have shown that Dc R3 is upregulated and may be pathogenetically implicated in several and diverse chronic inflammatory diseases. The strongest associations have been described for rheumatological diseases, mainly systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and serious infectious conditions, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In the majority of these conditions, Dc R3 m RNA and protein expression is elevated both at the target tissues as well as in the systemic circulation. Dc R3 concentration in the serum is untraceable in the majority of healthy individuals but can be detected in patients with various inflammatory diseases. In mostsuch cases, soluble Dc R3 correlates with disease severity, as patients with severe forms of disease have significantly higher levels than patients with milder or no activity. In addition, effective anti-inflammatory treatment leads to the disappearance of soluble Dc R3 from the circulation. Taken together, current evidence suggests that serum Dc R3 may become a useful biomarker for chronic inflammatory disorders, as it is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, and may serve both as a prognostic marker for disease severity and as a surrogate indicator of response to treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Cumulative evidence suggests that the aberrant immune responses in acquired aplastic anemia(AA) are sustained by active chronic infections in genetically susceptible individuals. Recently, the constant source to trigger and sustain the pathophysiology has been proposed to come from the altered gut microbiota and chronic intestinal inflammation. In this case, our serendipitous finding provides convincing evidence that the persistently dysregulated autoimmunity may be generated, at least in a significant proposition of AA patients, by the altered gut microbiota and compromised intestinal epithelium.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old Chinese male patient with refractory severe AA experienced a 3-month-long febrile episode, and his fever was refractory to many kinds of injected broad-spectrum antibiotics. When presenting with abdominal cramps, he was prescribed oral mannitol and gentamycin to get rid of the gut infection. This treatment resulted in a quick resolution of the fever. Unanticipatedly, it also produced an excellent hematological response. He had undergone three episodes of recurrence within the one-year treatment, with each recurrence occurring 7-8 wk from the gastrointestinal inflammation eliminating preparations. However,subsequent treatments were able to produce subsequent remissions and consecutive treatments were successful in achieving durative hematological improvements, strongly indicating an etiological association between chronic gut inflammation and the development of AA. Interestingly, comorbid diseases superimposed on this patient(namely, psychiatric disorders, hypertension,insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction) were ameliorated together with the hematological improvements.CONCLUSION Chronic gut inflammation may be responsible for AA pathogenesis. The comorbidities and AA may share a common etiological association.
文摘Compelling shreds of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research have demonstrated the crucial contribution of receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)axis activation in the development of neoplasms,including gastric cancer(GC).This new actor in tumor biology plays an important role in the onset of a crucial and long-lasting inflammatory milieu,not only by supporting phenotypic changes favoring growth and dissemination of tumor cells,but also by functioning as a pattern-recognition receptor in the inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection.In the present review,we aim to highlight how the overexpression and activation of the RAGE axis contributes to the proliferation and survival of GC cells as and their acquisition of more invasive phenotypes that promote dissemination and metastasis.Finally,the contribution of some single nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAGE gene as susceptibility or poor prognosis factors is also discussed.
基金Supported by the Intramural Grant IMR Rai 12397B from the Western University of Health Sciences,Pomona,Californiathe Grants from the National Institutes of Health,United States,R01 HL144125 and R01 HL147662.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)increases the risk of many lethal and debilitating conditions.Among them,foot ulceration due to neuropathy,vascular disease,or trauma affects the quality of life of millions in the United States and around the world.Physiological wound healing is stalled in the inflammatory phase by the chronicity of inflammation without proceeding to the resolution phase.Despite advanced treatment,diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)are associated with a risk of amputation.Thus,there is a need for novel therapies to address chronic inflammation,decreased angiogenesis,and impaired granulation tissue formation contributing to the non-healing of DFUs.Studies have shown promising results with resolvins(Rv)and anti-inflammatory therapies that resolve inflammation and enhance tissue healing.But many of these studies have encountered difficulty in the delivery of Rv in terms of efficiency,tissue targetability,and immunogenicity.This review summarized the perspective of optimizing the therapeutic application of Rv and cytokines by pairing them with exosomes as a novel strategy for targeted tissue delivery to treat non-healing chronic DFUs.The articles discussing the T2DM disease state,current research on Rv for treating inflammation,the role of Rv in enhancing wound healing,and exosomes as a delivery vehicle were critically reviewed to find support for the proposition of using Rv and exosomes in combination for DFUs therapy.The literature reviewed suggests the beneficial role of Rv and exosomes and exosomes loaded with antiinflammatory agents as promising therapeutic agents in ulcer healing.
文摘Emerging data highlights the heightened risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases(ASCVD)in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders,particularly those afflicted with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).This review delves into the epidemiological connections between IBD and ASCVD,elucidating potential underlying mechanisms.Furthermore,it discusses the impact of current IBD treatments on cardiovascular risk.Additionally,the cardiovascular adverse effects of novel small molecule drugs used in moderate-to-severe IBD are investigated,drawing parallels with observations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.This article aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence supporting these associations.To achieve this,we conducted a meticulous search of PubMed,spanning from inception to August 2023,using a carefully selected set of keywords.The search encompassed topics related to IBD,such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,as well as ASCVD,including coronary artery disease,cardiovascular disease,atrial fibrillation,heart failure,conduction abnormalities,heart blocks,and premature coronary artery disease.This review encompasses various types of literature,including retrospective and prospective cohort studies,clinical trials,meta-analyses,and relevant guidelines,with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of this critical intersection of inflammatory bowel disease and cardiovascular health.
基金the European Union-NextGenerationEU,through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008.
文摘BACKGROUND Multinucleated giant cells(MGCs)in bladder carcinomas are poorly studied.AIM To describe the function,morphogenesis,and origin of mononuclear and MGCs in urothelial carcinoma(UC)of the bladder in Bulgarian and French patients.METHODS Urothelial bladder carcinomas(n=104)from 2016-2020 were analyzed retrospectively using immunohistochemical(IHC)and histochemical stain examination.Giant cells in the bladder stroma were found in 35.6%of cases,more often in highgrades.RESULTS We confirm that MGCs in the mucosa in UC of the bladder were positive for both mesenchymal and myofibroblast markers(vimentin,smooth muscle actin,Desmin,and CD34)and the macrophage marker CD68.Furthermore,IHC studies revealed the following profile of these cells:Positive for p16;negative for epithelial(CK AE1/AE3 and GATA-3),vascular(CD31),neural(PS100 and CKIT),cambial,blastic(CD34-blasts and C-KIT),and immune markers(IG G,immunoglobulin G4,and PD-L1);no proliferative activity,possess no specific immune function,and cannot be used to calculate the Combined Positive Score scale.CONCLUSION In conclusion,the giant stromal cells in non-tumor and tumor bladder can be used as a characteristic and relatively constant,although nonspecific,histological marker for chronic bladder damage,reflecting the chronic irritation or inflammation.Likewise,according to the morphological and IHC of the mono-and multinucleated giant cells in the bladder,they are most likely represent telocytes capable of adapting their morphology to the pathology of the organ.
文摘Background: Chronic inflammation of the joints in JIA patients is associated with raised levels of serum inflammatory biomarkers, which vary according to disease activity. Neutrophil count, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), ESR and CRP are the essential markers to evaluate the disease activity status of JIA patients. Objectives: To assess neutrophil count, platelet count, MPV, PDW, CRP and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) in JIA patients and determine their association at the initial visit and six months after treatment. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from March 2019 to December 2020 in the department of paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Fifty newly diagnosed JIA cases fulfilling the ILAR classification criteria were included in the study. Disease activity was assessed by JADAS 27. JADAS 27 and inflammatory biomarkers were measured at the initial visit and six months of treatment and these were compared. Results: Mean neutrophil count, platelet count, and CRP significantly decreased at follow-up after six months of treatment. MPV and PDW were increased after six months compared to the initial visit, and the change was significant. Mean JADAS 27 also decreased significantly at follow-up. Neutrophil count, Platelet indices and CRP had a significant association with JADAS 27. Conclusion: In this study, neutrophil count, platelet indices, and CRP after six months of treatment were improved. A significant association of JADAS 27 was found with platelet indices, neutrophil count and CRP.
文摘It is well-known that hydroxychloroquine(HCQ)treats malaria,systemic lupus erythematosus,and rheumatoid arthritis in women for its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action.Additionally,HCQ was used in cases with refractory antiphospholipid syndrome.HCQ safety was reinforced in pregnant women owing to insignificant reports of adverse pregnancy outcomes and major congenital malformation.Recently,HCQ was tested in cases with chronic placental inflammation with a promising result of increased life birth;however,its benefit needs further validation.We aimed to highlight the recent updates for HCQ use in various conditions in pregnancy.
文摘Compelling pieces of evidence derived from both clinical and experimental research has demonstrated the crucial contribution of diabetes mellitus(DM)as a risk factor associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality in many human neoplasms,including gastric cancer(GC).DM is considered a systemic inflammatory disease and therefore,this inflammatory status may have profound effects on the tumor microenvironment(TME),particularly by driving many molecular mechanisms to generate a more aggressive TME.DM is an active driver in the modification of the behavior of many cell components of the TME as well as altering the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix(ECM),leading to an increased ECM stiffening.Additionally,DM can alter many cellular signaling mechanisms and thus favoring tumor growth,invasion,and metastatic potential,as well as key elements in regulating cellular functions and cross-talks,such as the microRNAs network,the production,and cargo of exosomes,the metabolism of cell stroma and resistance to hypoxia.In the present review,we intend to highlight the mechanistic contributions of DM to the remodeling of TME in GC.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is the result of a multifactorial process whose main components are infection by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),bacterial virulence factors,host immune response and environmental factors.The development of the neoplastic microenvironment also depends on genetic and epigenetic changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes,which results in deregulation of cell signaling pathways and apoptosis process.This review summarizes the main aspects of the pathogenesis of GC and the immune response involved in chronic inflammation generated by H.pylori.
