This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets r...This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets related to active ingredients were collected by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction.Targets related to pain were screened by TTD and OMIM database,and compound-target network was established by Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of targets were carried out by DAVID database.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed by STRING database.Molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between main components and relevant core targets.A total of 13 compounds were identified in CCEO,and 58 related targets were predicted.GO function enrichment analysis revealed that the selected targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as chemical synaptic transmission and molecular function such as neurotransmitter receptor activity;24 signal pathways were screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and calcium signaling pathway.Docking results showed that the main constituents had certain affinities with the key targets.The active ingredients in CCEO regulated multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate pain through AR,ACHE,ESR1,GABRG2,PTGS2 and PPARγ.展开更多
Through investigating the population change of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in Wuxi City, the research found that C. camphora(L.) Presl. in the past century had already become common species from rare species, then ...Through investigating the population change of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in Wuxi City, the research found that C. camphora(L.) Presl. in the past century had already become common species from rare species, then explored the causes, advantages and disadvantages of the change. In view of sustainable development of urban greening, zonal vegetation and fl ora, this paper explored the scientifi c and reasonable application of tree species and also protection of urban plant diversity.展开更多
The soil drought stress experiment in different durations (no watering within 3d, 6d, 9d, 11d individually) was conducted to study the drought-resistant capacity of one-year-old seedlings for the native tree species (...The soil drought stress experiment in different durations (no watering within 3d, 6d, 9d, 11d individually) was conducted to study the drought-resistant capacity of one-year-old seedlings for the native tree species (Machilus yunnanensis) in Yunnan Province and the introduced tree species (Cinnamomum camphora). The leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, proline content and plasma membrane permeability for two species seedlings were measured in different soil drought conditions. The results showed that, on the 9th day of drought stress, the leaf water potential of two species decreased obviously, whereas the free proline content and plasma membrane permeability increased sharply. On the 11th day, the leaf water potential of C. camphora seedlings was lower than that of M. yunnanensis seedlings; the plasma membrane permeability in C. camphora seedling leaves increased much more than that in M. yunnanensis seedling leaves, which showed that the injury to the former by soil drought stress was more severe than that to the latter. The free proline content in M. yunnanensis seedling leaves continued to increase on the 11th day, but that in the C. camphora seedling leaves started to drop obviously, indicating that the reduction of osmotic regulation substance in C. camphora seedling leaves after the 11th day was unable to maintain the osmotic balance between the plasma system and its surroundings and the water loss occurred inevitably. Comprehensively, M. yunnanensis seedlings enhanced the drought-resistance in the course of soil drought stress by maintaining higher leaf water potential and by increasing osmotic regulation substance to promote cell plasma concentration and maintain membrane structure integrity so as to reduce water loss. The subordination function index evaluated with fuzzy mathematic theory also showed that the drought-resistant capacity of M. yunnanensis seedlings was stronger than that of C. camphora seedlings.展开更多
Forest gaps are important in forest dynamics and management, but little is known about how soil fauna influence the degradation of recalcitrant litter components in different-sized forest gaps. This investigation uses...Forest gaps are important in forest dynamics and management, but little is known about how soil fauna influence the degradation of recalcitrant litter components in different-sized forest gaps. This investigation uses litterbags with two different mesh sizes (0.04 and 3 mm) to control the meso- and microfauna entering the bags to quantify the contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components (including condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin and cellulose) during litter decomposition. The experiment was conducted in seven different forest gap sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations over 1 year. One closed-canopy site (CC) and forest gap sizes of 100, 225, 400, 625, 900, 1225 and 1600 m^2 were created in a P. massoniana plantation in the Sichuan basin of China;the CC was treated as the control. Cinnamomum camphora foliage from local native trees was used in all forest gap experiments. We found the following:(1) Gap size had significant effects on the degradation rates (E) of condensed tannins and lignin and on the contributions of soil fauna;medium-sized gaps also presented high degradation rates. Soil fauna obviously contributed to the degradation of recalcitrant foliar litter components in medium-sized gaps.(2) The highest contribution to degradation (40.98%) was recorded for lignin, and the lowest contribution (0.29%) was recorded for condensed tannins. The results indicate that medium-sized gaps (900 m^2) were conducive to the degradation of recalcitrant litter components by soil fauna.展开更多
A description of a successful direct somatic embryogenesis induction from immature zygotic embryos of a camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.) is presented. After a subculture of 2–3 years, embryogenic calli could be ...A description of a successful direct somatic embryogenesis induction from immature zygotic embryos of a camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.) is presented. After a subculture of 2–3 years, embryogenic calli could be derived from primary somatic embryos. Immature zygotic embryos were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with a range of combinations of cytokinins (BA) and auxins (2,4-D or NAA) for somatic embryo induction. Primary somatic embryos could be in-duced directly in almost all PGR combinations. A positive effect of 2,4-D on somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of camphor tree was obtained. BA at appropriate concentrations (< 5 mg·L–1) had an effect similar to 2,4-D, whereas high concentra-tions (>5 mg·L–1) of BA had the effect of restraining somatic embryo induction. NAA had a less positive effect on somatic embryo-genesis than 2,4-D.展开更多
[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used anti...[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics in- vitro. [Method] Broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution method were used and the reference strain E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical sample separation strains of E. coli and Salmonella were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration( FIC). [Result] The MICs of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. for E. coli and Salmonella were both 1 mg /mL,and that of other antibiotics for the two strains were in the quality control range provided by NCCLS. [Conclusion] The synergistic effect or additive effect were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics.展开更多
Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl is an evergreen broad-leaved tree of the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in the sub-tropical areas in the south of China and used as a virescent tree in urban gardens and streets in...Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl is an evergreen broad-leaved tree of the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in the sub-tropical areas in the south of China and used as a virescent tree in urban gardens and streets in Shanghai for its beautiful shape and intensive stress-resistance. However, yellowing of C. camphora in recent years casts doubt about its significance. We believe the green-leaved and yellow-leaved C. camphora might be two different ecotypes, and tentatively refer to the green-leaved C. camphora as C. camphora f. viridis f. nov (CCV) and the yellow-leaved as C. camphora f. flavus f. nov (CCF). We studied their differences and arrived at the following conclusions: 1) compared with CCF, the area of lamina of CCV is significantly larger and the amount of chlorophyll (Chl) significantly higher; 2) the lamina and palisade tissues of CCV are significantly thicker than those of CCF, but its cuticle is significantly thinner; 3) the shape of the stomata of CCV is different from that of the CCF; the stomatal density and stomatal index of CCV are significantly lower than those of CCF. These results show that C. camphora might evolve adaptive differentiation in some aspects which can be used in virescence in urban streets and gardens.展开更多
Forest plays very important roles in global system with about 35% land area producing about 70% of total land net production. It is important to consider both elevated CO2 concentrations and different soil moisture wh...Forest plays very important roles in global system with about 35% land area producing about 70% of total land net production. It is important to consider both elevated CO2 concentrations and different soil moisture when the possible effects of elevated CO2 concentration on trees are assessed. In this study, we grew Cinnamomum camphora seedlings under two CO2 con-centrations (350 μmol/mol and 500 μmol/mol) and three soil moisture levels [80%, 60% and 40% FWC (field water capacity)] to focus on the effects of exposure of trees to elevated CO2 on underground and aboveground plant growth, and its dependence on soil moisture. The results indicated that high CO2 concentration has no significant effects on shoot height but significantly impacts shoot weight and ratio of shoot weight to height under three soil moisture levels. The response of root growth to CO2 enrichment is just reversed, there are obvious effects on root length growth, but no effects on root weight growth and ratio of root weight to length. The CO2 enrichment decreased 20.42%, 32.78%, 20.59% of weight ratio of root to shoot under 40%, 60% and 80% FWC soil water conditions, respectively. And elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the water content in aboveground and underground parts. Then we concluded that high CO2 concentration favours more tree aboveground biomass growth than under-ground biomass growth under favorable soil water conditions. And CO2 enrichment enhanced lateral growth of shoot and vertical growth of root. The responses of plants to elevated CO2 depend on soil water availability, and plants may benefit more from CO2 enrichment with sufficient water supply.展开更多
The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production survey. The results showed that the disease was the integrated results o...The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production survey. The results showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment,planting situation,microenvironment construction and maintenance management. Therefore,the countermeasures of " prevention first,restore tree vigor; integrated control,enhance tree vigor" were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years,and the control effect was obvious.展开更多
This article was aimed to study the antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects of essential oil of camphor leaves and its possible mechanism. The chemical constituents of essential oil of camphor leaves were analyzed b...This article was aimed to study the antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects of essential oil of camphor leaves and its possible mechanism. The chemical constituents of essential oil of camphor leaves were analyzed by GC-MS. Mice allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) models were induced 0.5% 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) solution. The contents of IL-4, 5-LOX, LTB4 and LTR1 in serum and the histomorphology of mice ear cutaneous tissue were measured after induction. Pathological examination showed a large number of inflammatory cells in the model group. Inflammatory cells were not seen in essential oil high dose group. The dermis slightly thickened in the low doses of essential oil group. The contents of 5-LOX, LTB4 and LTR1 of the drug groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with that of the model group. However, the essential oil of camphor leaf had no significant effect on IL-4 (P > 0.05). Essential oil of camphor leaves has significant antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects on ACD by inhibiting the 5-LOX-LTB4-LTR1 pathway.展开更多
The attractiveness of Cinnamomum camphora(Laurales: Lauraceae) blocks and essential oil to Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Anobiidae) adults was investigated. The results showed that the behavioral respon...The attractiveness of Cinnamomum camphora(Laurales: Lauraceae) blocks and essential oil to Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Anobiidae) adults was investigated. The results showed that the behavioral response values of L. serricorne adults to C. camphora blocks significantly increased with increasing doses above the dose of 0.8 g. The highest behavioral response values of L. serricorne adults were 93.33% to C. camphora blocks and 81.67% to C. camphora essential oil, respectively. C. camphora blocks had stronger attractiveness to L. serricorne adults than C. camphora oil. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness to control L. serricorne in practice of C. camphora blocks and C. camphora oil deserve to be further investigated.展开更多
Camphor(C_(10)H_(16)O)is a white crystalline solid exist in enantiomeric form R and S camphor.It is a terpenoid obtained from turpentine oil.Synthetically it is synthesized by catalytic process as alpha pinene.Natural...Camphor(C_(10)H_(16)O)is a white crystalline solid exist in enantiomeric form R and S camphor.It is a terpenoid obtained from turpentine oil.Synthetically it is synthesized by catalytic process as alpha pinene.Naturally camphor is obtained by steam distillation of woods of Cinnamomum camphora tree,also known as Camphor tree,camphor laure and camphor wood.Camphor has many pharmacological properties.It acts as antiviral,anticancerous,antimicrobial,insecticidal,anticoccidial,anti-nociceptive and antitussive drug.In addition,it can be used as skin penetrating enhancer.Camphor gives a soothing and cooling effect,which helps to reduce pain.The reason behind its soothing effect is camphor act as a counter-irritant by activating heat sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 receptors and inhibits the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 8 receptor.As a result,these receptors provide a sensation of scalding heat and pain(nociception)and could be used to treat neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis,chemotherapy,or amputation,as well as pain associated with the inflammatory response of damaged tissue such as in osteoarthritis.Camphor has a history of epidemics cure.During leishmaniosis(kala-azar)pandemic in 14th century,camphor was used as fumigant to control the spread of plague in European countries.In 19th century when cholera,small pox and influenza spreads,camphor was used as mothballs in Indian subcontinent as a(cough reliever)agent.During 18th century Russian influenza“flu pandemic”founder of Homeopathy Hahnemann in 1831,published his research work on camphor and suggested camphor as a“divine remedy”for influenza given in extremely small doses.In the same year,several companies launched to sell menthol rub as natural rub ointment consisting camphor as prevention measures for spread of influenza.As the recent epidemic of COVID-19 arises,prevention and control of spread of disease is an alarming issue.This article covered the glimpse of uses and importance of camphor in the history of epidemic cure.展开更多
文摘This study aims to explore the analgesic ingredients and mechanism of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil(CCEO).The constituents in CCEO were characterized qualitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Targets related to active ingredients were collected by PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction.Targets related to pain were screened by TTD and OMIM database,and compound-target network was established by Cytoscape software.Gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of targets were carried out by DAVID database.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was established and analyzed by STRING database.Molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between main components and relevant core targets.A total of 13 compounds were identified in CCEO,and 58 related targets were predicted.GO function enrichment analysis revealed that the selected targets were mainly involved in biological processes such as chemical synaptic transmission and molecular function such as neurotransmitter receptor activity;24 signal pathways were screened by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,retrograde endocannabinoid signaling and calcium signaling pathway.Docking results showed that the main constituents had certain affinities with the key targets.The active ingredients in CCEO regulated multiple signaling pathways to ameliorate pain through AR,ACHE,ESR1,GABRG2,PTGS2 and PPARγ.
文摘Through investigating the population change of Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl. in Wuxi City, the research found that C. camphora(L.) Presl. in the past century had already become common species from rare species, then explored the causes, advantages and disadvantages of the change. In view of sustainable development of urban greening, zonal vegetation and fl ora, this paper explored the scientifi c and reasonable application of tree species and also protection of urban plant diversity.
基金This research was supported by Research Fund of Southwest Forestry College (200510)
文摘The soil drought stress experiment in different durations (no watering within 3d, 6d, 9d, 11d individually) was conducted to study the drought-resistant capacity of one-year-old seedlings for the native tree species (Machilus yunnanensis) in Yunnan Province and the introduced tree species (Cinnamomum camphora). The leaf water potential, chlorophyll content, proline content and plasma membrane permeability for two species seedlings were measured in different soil drought conditions. The results showed that, on the 9th day of drought stress, the leaf water potential of two species decreased obviously, whereas the free proline content and plasma membrane permeability increased sharply. On the 11th day, the leaf water potential of C. camphora seedlings was lower than that of M. yunnanensis seedlings; the plasma membrane permeability in C. camphora seedling leaves increased much more than that in M. yunnanensis seedling leaves, which showed that the injury to the former by soil drought stress was more severe than that to the latter. The free proline content in M. yunnanensis seedling leaves continued to increase on the 11th day, but that in the C. camphora seedling leaves started to drop obviously, indicating that the reduction of osmotic regulation substance in C. camphora seedling leaves after the 11th day was unable to maintain the osmotic balance between the plasma system and its surroundings and the water loss occurred inevitably. Comprehensively, M. yunnanensis seedlings enhanced the drought-resistance in the course of soil drought stress by maintaining higher leaf water potential and by increasing osmotic regulation substance to promote cell plasma concentration and maintain membrane structure integrity so as to reduce water loss. The subordination function index evaluated with fuzzy mathematic theory also showed that the drought-resistant capacity of M. yunnanensis seedlings was stronger than that of C. camphora seedlings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 31370628)the National Science and Technology Support Project of China(Grant Number2011BAC09B05)the Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Project(Grant Number 12ZC0017)
文摘Forest gaps are important in forest dynamics and management, but little is known about how soil fauna influence the degradation of recalcitrant litter components in different-sized forest gaps. This investigation uses litterbags with two different mesh sizes (0.04 and 3 mm) to control the meso- and microfauna entering the bags to quantify the contribution of soil fauna to the degradation of recalcitrant components (including condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin and cellulose) during litter decomposition. The experiment was conducted in seven different forest gap sizes in Pinus massoniana plantations over 1 year. One closed-canopy site (CC) and forest gap sizes of 100, 225, 400, 625, 900, 1225 and 1600 m^2 were created in a P. massoniana plantation in the Sichuan basin of China;the CC was treated as the control. Cinnamomum camphora foliage from local native trees was used in all forest gap experiments. We found the following:(1) Gap size had significant effects on the degradation rates (E) of condensed tannins and lignin and on the contributions of soil fauna;medium-sized gaps also presented high degradation rates. Soil fauna obviously contributed to the degradation of recalcitrant foliar litter components in medium-sized gaps.(2) The highest contribution to degradation (40.98%) was recorded for lignin, and the lowest contribution (0.29%) was recorded for condensed tannins. The results indicate that medium-sized gaps (900 m^2) were conducive to the degradation of recalcitrant litter components by soil fauna.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(0611033300).
文摘A description of a successful direct somatic embryogenesis induction from immature zygotic embryos of a camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora L.) is presented. After a subculture of 2–3 years, embryogenic calli could be derived from primary somatic embryos. Immature zygotic embryos were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with a range of combinations of cytokinins (BA) and auxins (2,4-D or NAA) for somatic embryo induction. Primary somatic embryos could be in-duced directly in almost all PGR combinations. A positive effect of 2,4-D on somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of camphor tree was obtained. BA at appropriate concentrations (< 5 mg·L–1) had an effect similar to 2,4-D, whereas high concentra-tions (>5 mg·L–1) of BA had the effect of restraining somatic embryo induction. NAA had a less positive effect on somatic embryo-genesis than 2,4-D.
基金Funded by the Student Innovation Project of Southwest University for Nationalities in 2012(201210656017)
文摘[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics in- vitro. [Method] Broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution method were used and the reference strain E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical sample separation strains of E. coli and Salmonella were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration( MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration( FIC). [Result] The MICs of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. for E. coli and Salmonella were both 1 mg /mL,and that of other antibiotics for the two strains were in the quality control range provided by NCCLS. [Conclusion] The synergistic effect or additive effect were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 30670315)the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of Environment of Japan
文摘Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl is an evergreen broad-leaved tree of the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in the sub-tropical areas in the south of China and used as a virescent tree in urban gardens and streets in Shanghai for its beautiful shape and intensive stress-resistance. However, yellowing of C. camphora in recent years casts doubt about its significance. We believe the green-leaved and yellow-leaved C. camphora might be two different ecotypes, and tentatively refer to the green-leaved C. camphora as C. camphora f. viridis f. nov (CCV) and the yellow-leaved as C. camphora f. flavus f. nov (CCF). We studied their differences and arrived at the following conclusions: 1) compared with CCF, the area of lamina of CCV is significantly larger and the amount of chlorophyll (Chl) significantly higher; 2) the lamina and palisade tissues of CCV are significantly thicker than those of CCF, but its cuticle is significantly thinner; 3) the shape of the stomata of CCV is different from that of the CCF; the stomatal density and stomatal index of CCV are significantly lower than those of CCF. These results show that C. camphora might evolve adaptive differentiation in some aspects which can be used in virescence in urban streets and gardens.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30170161 and 90102015) and the Doctoral Disciplines Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20030335043)
文摘Forest plays very important roles in global system with about 35% land area producing about 70% of total land net production. It is important to consider both elevated CO2 concentrations and different soil moisture when the possible effects of elevated CO2 concentration on trees are assessed. In this study, we grew Cinnamomum camphora seedlings under two CO2 con-centrations (350 μmol/mol and 500 μmol/mol) and three soil moisture levels [80%, 60% and 40% FWC (field water capacity)] to focus on the effects of exposure of trees to elevated CO2 on underground and aboveground plant growth, and its dependence on soil moisture. The results indicated that high CO2 concentration has no significant effects on shoot height but significantly impacts shoot weight and ratio of shoot weight to height under three soil moisture levels. The response of root growth to CO2 enrichment is just reversed, there are obvious effects on root length growth, but no effects on root weight growth and ratio of root weight to length. The CO2 enrichment decreased 20.42%, 32.78%, 20.59% of weight ratio of root to shoot under 40%, 60% and 80% FWC soil water conditions, respectively. And elevated CO2 concentration significantly increased the water content in aboveground and underground parts. Then we concluded that high CO2 concentration favours more tree aboveground biomass growth than under-ground biomass growth under favorable soil water conditions. And CO2 enrichment enhanced lateral growth of shoot and vertical growth of root. The responses of plants to elevated CO2 depend on soil water availability, and plants may benefit more from CO2 enrichment with sufficient water supply.
文摘The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production survey. The results showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment,planting situation,microenvironment construction and maintenance management. Therefore,the countermeasures of " prevention first,restore tree vigor; integrated control,enhance tree vigor" were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years,and the control effect was obvious.
文摘This article was aimed to study the antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects of essential oil of camphor leaves and its possible mechanism. The chemical constituents of essential oil of camphor leaves were analyzed by GC-MS. Mice allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) models were induced 0.5% 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) solution. The contents of IL-4, 5-LOX, LTB4 and LTR1 in serum and the histomorphology of mice ear cutaneous tissue were measured after induction. Pathological examination showed a large number of inflammatory cells in the model group. Inflammatory cells were not seen in essential oil high dose group. The dermis slightly thickened in the low doses of essential oil group. The contents of 5-LOX, LTB4 and LTR1 of the drug groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with that of the model group. However, the essential oil of camphor leaf had no significant effect on IL-4 (P > 0.05). Essential oil of camphor leaves has significant antiinflammatory and antipruritic effects on ACD by inhibiting the 5-LOX-LTB4-LTR1 pathway.
基金Supported by National Program on Key R&D Project(No.2017YFC1600804)Key Technologies R&D Program of the Education Department of Henan Province(No.16A210017)Province Key Laboratory of Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource,Henan University of Technology
文摘The attractiveness of Cinnamomum camphora(Laurales: Lauraceae) blocks and essential oil to Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Anobiidae) adults was investigated. The results showed that the behavioral response values of L. serricorne adults to C. camphora blocks significantly increased with increasing doses above the dose of 0.8 g. The highest behavioral response values of L. serricorne adults were 93.33% to C. camphora blocks and 81.67% to C. camphora essential oil, respectively. C. camphora blocks had stronger attractiveness to L. serricorne adults than C. camphora oil. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness to control L. serricorne in practice of C. camphora blocks and C. camphora oil deserve to be further investigated.
文摘Camphor(C_(10)H_(16)O)is a white crystalline solid exist in enantiomeric form R and S camphor.It is a terpenoid obtained from turpentine oil.Synthetically it is synthesized by catalytic process as alpha pinene.Naturally camphor is obtained by steam distillation of woods of Cinnamomum camphora tree,also known as Camphor tree,camphor laure and camphor wood.Camphor has many pharmacological properties.It acts as antiviral,anticancerous,antimicrobial,insecticidal,anticoccidial,anti-nociceptive and antitussive drug.In addition,it can be used as skin penetrating enhancer.Camphor gives a soothing and cooling effect,which helps to reduce pain.The reason behind its soothing effect is camphor act as a counter-irritant by activating heat sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 receptors and inhibits the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 8 receptor.As a result,these receptors provide a sensation of scalding heat and pain(nociception)and could be used to treat neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis,chemotherapy,or amputation,as well as pain associated with the inflammatory response of damaged tissue such as in osteoarthritis.Camphor has a history of epidemics cure.During leishmaniosis(kala-azar)pandemic in 14th century,camphor was used as fumigant to control the spread of plague in European countries.In 19th century when cholera,small pox and influenza spreads,camphor was used as mothballs in Indian subcontinent as a(cough reliever)agent.During 18th century Russian influenza“flu pandemic”founder of Homeopathy Hahnemann in 1831,published his research work on camphor and suggested camphor as a“divine remedy”for influenza given in extremely small doses.In the same year,several companies launched to sell menthol rub as natural rub ointment consisting camphor as prevention measures for spread of influenza.As the recent epidemic of COVID-19 arises,prevention and control of spread of disease is an alarming issue.This article covered the glimpse of uses and importance of camphor in the history of epidemic cure.
