This study evaluated boron diff usion from raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility in comparison to disodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Tests were conducted using sugi(Cryptomeria japonic...This study evaluated boron diff usion from raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility in comparison to disodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Tests were conducted using sugi(Cryptomeria japonica(L.)f.D.Don)sapwood and heartwood blocks conditioned to 30,60,and 90%target moisture content.The blocks were fi lled with the boron compounds through treatment holes and diff usion was observed at three assay zones across the blocks after 7,30,60 or 90-day incubation period at room temperatures.For comparison,ethylene glycol was also introduced into the holes to elevate boron diff usion.As expected,diff usion increased with increased moisture content and levels were higher at the 60%and 90%moisture levels compared to the 30%level.With some exceptions,boron levels did not follow consistent gradients with distance away from the treatment hole.Incorporation of ethylene glycol helped increase boron levels,even in heartwood blocks.Boron levels were higher from the ulexite source than from colemanite;however,DOT treatments resulted in the highest boron diff usion rates as a result of greater water solubility compared to both raw boron minerals.The results suggest that ulexite together with ethylene glycol may be useful in both sapwood and heartwood materials when kept at high moisture levels for extended periods.展开更多
This study evaluated boron diff usion from rods made of raw boron minerals,ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility,in comparison with di-sodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)sapw...This study evaluated boron diff usion from rods made of raw boron minerals,ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility,in comparison with di-sodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)sapwood and heartwood blocks were conditioned to target moisture contents of 30%,60%,and 90%.The rods were inserted into the blocks through treatment holes and boron diff usion was observed at three assay zones across the blocks after 7,30,60 and 90-day-incubation at room temperature.Ethylene glycol was also inserted into the holes to improve boron diff usion.Boron levels increased with increased wood moisture content.With some exceptions,boron in the assay zones did not tend to follow consistent amount gradients with distance from the treatment hole.Boron levels from ulexite rods were higher than those from colemanite rods,with DOT rods with the highest diff usion rates as a result of higher water solubility of DOT than ulexite and colemanite.The results suggest that ulexite-based rods may be useful inthe presence of ethylene glycol in sapwood when wood is at high moisture content for extended periods.展开更多
In this study, the benefication of low-grade Espey -10 mm. colemanite stocks of more than 30,000 tons, which have been waiting for longer years, can not be evaluated in any way in Emet Boron Works in order to get sala...In this study, the benefication of low-grade Espey -10 mm. colemanite stocks of more than 30,000 tons, which have been waiting for longer years, can not be evaluated in any way in Emet Boron Works in order to get salable product. Chemical, physical, mineralogical and thermal characterization of low-grade colemanite stock, in the sizes of 10 mm, are located in Espey region primarily conducted. Grades of 10 mm size of Espey used in this study is 28.87% B203. In the microwave experiments, a concentrate of 50.82% B203 was obtained with the efficiency of 88.13%. Evaluating colemanite concentrate by microwave technology may have great importance in solving environmental problem.展开更多
We compared resistance to decay, mold fungi, termites and insect larvae of particleboards incorporated with the raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite to that of particleboards impregnated with the commercial boron...We compared resistance to decay, mold fungi, termites and insect larvae of particleboards incorporated with the raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite to that of particleboards impregnated with the commercial boron preservative zinc borate, or boric acid plus a borax mixture. We also quantified water absorption, thickness swell and boron release of particleboards. Ulexite had the best decay resistance, and colemanite had the best termite resistance. However, ulexite and colemanite were not as effective as zinc borate or the boric acid/borax mixture in preventing mold growth. In general, the boric acid/borax mixture combination was more effective against Anobium larvae than the other treatments. Less boron was released by specimens containing zinc borate and colemanite than by those containing ulexite or the boric acid/borax mixture. In general, water absorption and thickness swell were similar among the different treatments, but both were slightly higher in the ulexite-incorporated specimens. Further mechanical tests will be needed to evaluate the particle- board properties and thereby the compatibility of these boron minerals with various manufacturing processes.展开更多
基金The authors acknowledge Eti Maden Operations General Directorate,Ankara,Turkey for the boron minerals and DOT used in the study.
文摘This study evaluated boron diff usion from raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility in comparison to disodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Tests were conducted using sugi(Cryptomeria japonica(L.)f.D.Don)sapwood and heartwood blocks conditioned to 30,60,and 90%target moisture content.The blocks were fi lled with the boron compounds through treatment holes and diff usion was observed at three assay zones across the blocks after 7,30,60 or 90-day incubation period at room temperatures.For comparison,ethylene glycol was also introduced into the holes to elevate boron diff usion.As expected,diff usion increased with increased moisture content and levels were higher at the 60%and 90%moisture levels compared to the 30%level.With some exceptions,boron levels did not follow consistent gradients with distance away from the treatment hole.Incorporation of ethylene glycol helped increase boron levels,even in heartwood blocks.Boron levels were higher from the ulexite source than from colemanite;however,DOT treatments resulted in the highest boron diff usion rates as a result of greater water solubility compared to both raw boron minerals.The results suggest that ulexite together with ethylene glycol may be useful in both sapwood and heartwood materials when kept at high moisture levels for extended periods.
基金TUBITAK(The Scientifi c and Technological Research Council of Turkey)under 1005—National New Ideas and Products R&D Funding Program(Project No:1160149).
文摘This study evaluated boron diff usion from rods made of raw boron minerals,ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility,in comparison with di-sodium octaborate tetrahydrate(DOT).Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)sapwood and heartwood blocks were conditioned to target moisture contents of 30%,60%,and 90%.The rods were inserted into the blocks through treatment holes and boron diff usion was observed at three assay zones across the blocks after 7,30,60 and 90-day-incubation at room temperature.Ethylene glycol was also inserted into the holes to improve boron diff usion.Boron levels increased with increased wood moisture content.With some exceptions,boron in the assay zones did not tend to follow consistent amount gradients with distance from the treatment hole.Boron levels from ulexite rods were higher than those from colemanite rods,with DOT rods with the highest diff usion rates as a result of higher water solubility of DOT than ulexite and colemanite.The results suggest that ulexite-based rods may be useful inthe presence of ethylene glycol in sapwood when wood is at high moisture content for extended periods.
文摘In this study, the benefication of low-grade Espey -10 mm. colemanite stocks of more than 30,000 tons, which have been waiting for longer years, can not be evaluated in any way in Emet Boron Works in order to get salable product. Chemical, physical, mineralogical and thermal characterization of low-grade colemanite stock, in the sizes of 10 mm, are located in Espey region primarily conducted. Grades of 10 mm size of Espey used in this study is 28.87% B203. In the microwave experiments, a concentrate of 50.82% B203 was obtained with the efficiency of 88.13%. Evaluating colemanite concentrate by microwave technology may have great importance in solving environmental problem.
基金financially supported by the Coordination Unit for Scientific Research of Istanbul University,Turkey(Project Nos:32421 and BEK 20218)
文摘We compared resistance to decay, mold fungi, termites and insect larvae of particleboards incorporated with the raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite to that of particleboards impregnated with the commercial boron preservative zinc borate, or boric acid plus a borax mixture. We also quantified water absorption, thickness swell and boron release of particleboards. Ulexite had the best decay resistance, and colemanite had the best termite resistance. However, ulexite and colemanite were not as effective as zinc borate or the boric acid/borax mixture in preventing mold growth. In general, the boric acid/borax mixture combination was more effective against Anobium larvae than the other treatments. Less boron was released by specimens containing zinc borate and colemanite than by those containing ulexite or the boric acid/borax mixture. In general, water absorption and thickness swell were similar among the different treatments, but both were slightly higher in the ulexite-incorporated specimens. Further mechanical tests will be needed to evaluate the particle- board properties and thereby the compatibility of these boron minerals with various manufacturing processes.
