AIM： To investigate the expression profile of IL-8 in inflammatory and malignant colorectal diseases to evaluate its potential role in the regulation of colorectal cancer （CRC） and the development of colorectal liv...AIM： To investigate the expression profile of IL-8 in inflammatory and malignant colorectal diseases to evaluate its potential role in the regulation of colorectal cancer （CRC） and the development of colorectal liver metastases （CRLM）.METHODS： IL-8 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR （Q-RT-PCR） and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in resected specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis （UC, n = 6） colorectal adenomas （CRA, n = 8）, different stages of colorectal cancer （n = 48） as well as synchronous and metachronous CRLM along with their corresponding primary colorectal tumors （n = 16）.RESULTS： IL-8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in all pathological colorectal entities investigated compared with the corresponding neighboring tissues. However, in the CRC specimens IL-8 revealed a significantly more pronounced overexpression in relation to the CRA and UC tissues with an average 30-fold IL-8 protein up-regulation in the CRC specimens in comparison to the CRA tissues. Moreover, [L-8 expression revealed a close correlation with tumor grading. Most interestingly, IL-8 up-regulation was most enhanced in synchronous and metachronous CRLM, if compared with the corresponding primary CRC tissues. Herein, an up to 80-fold IL-8 overexpression in individual metachronous metastases compared to normal tumor neighbor tissues was found.CONCLUSION： Our results strongly suggest an association between IL-8 expression, induction and progression of colorectal carcinoma and the development of colorectal liver metastases.展开更多
Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates.Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic approaches such as endoscopic submucosal dissecti...Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates.Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic approaches such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD), which has overcome some EMR problems, and has become the standard treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. However, ESD is technically difficult. Procedure time is longer and complications such as intraoperative perforation and bleeding occur more frequently than in EMR. Recently various traction methods have been introduced to facilitate ESD procedures, such as clip with line, external forceps, clip and snare, internal traction, double scope, and magnetic anchor. Each method must be used appropriately according to the anatomical characteristics. In this review we discuss recently proposed traction methods for ESD based on the characteristics of various anatomical sites.展开更多
This review is intended to shed new light on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer and in the meanwhile emphasiz</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="...This review is intended to shed new light on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer and in the meanwhile emphasiz</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the differences between rectal and colon cancer, strengthen and highlight the possibility of a clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score). A novel scoring system described in this review can be used as inclusion criteria and as a predictive and prognostic scoring for stage III rectal cancer patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. Various studies have reported relevant differences related to CRC primary location site (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum) including response to adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. In stage III CRC patients, previous findings showed that higher density of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) was associated with better response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main topics:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this review</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the current knowledge status on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer is assessed, including novel finding discovered by Dr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nicola Sarandria on the role of neutrophils in rectal cancer. It includes different factors which point to an anti-tumoral role of neutrophils in rectal cancer when in presence of chemotherapeutic agents (such as 5-fluorouracil). The clinical significance of TANs was assessed and whether it can be different depend</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on the location of the primary CRC (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This review officially highlights the possibility of a new clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score) involving intratumoral neutrophilic infiltration in rectal cancer and the possibility of a new inclusion criteri</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based on this infiltrate for Stage III rectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU therapy. This review includes knowledge from data published on my medical degree thesis showing that higher levels of TANs densities were associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) in 5-FU treated patients affected by rectal cancer (while it was inversely related in patients without 5-FU therapy). This </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s also further evidence in support of a possible conceptual division of what is now known as colorectal cancer into two separate entities: colon and rectal cancer.展开更多
文摘AIM： To investigate the expression profile of IL-8 in inflammatory and malignant colorectal diseases to evaluate its potential role in the regulation of colorectal cancer （CRC） and the development of colorectal liver metastases （CRLM）.METHODS： IL-8 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR （Q-RT-PCR） and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in resected specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis （UC, n = 6） colorectal adenomas （CRA, n = 8）, different stages of colorectal cancer （n = 48） as well as synchronous and metachronous CRLM along with their corresponding primary colorectal tumors （n = 16）.RESULTS： IL-8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly up-regulated in all pathological colorectal entities investigated compared with the corresponding neighboring tissues. However, in the CRC specimens IL-8 revealed a significantly more pronounced overexpression in relation to the CRA and UC tissues with an average 30-fold IL-8 protein up-regulation in the CRC specimens in comparison to the CRA tissues. Moreover, [L-8 expression revealed a close correlation with tumor grading. Most interestingly, IL-8 up-regulation was most enhanced in synchronous and metachronous CRLM, if compared with the corresponding primary CRC tissues. Herein, an up to 80-fold IL-8 overexpression in individual metachronous metastases compared to normal tumor neighbor tissues was found.CONCLUSION： Our results strongly suggest an association between IL-8 expression, induction and progression of colorectal carcinoma and the development of colorectal liver metastases.
文摘Endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR) is problematic with regard to en bloc and curable resection rates.Advancements in endoscopic techniques have enabled novel endoscopic approaches such as endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD), which has overcome some EMR problems, and has become the standard treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. However, ESD is technically difficult. Procedure time is longer and complications such as intraoperative perforation and bleeding occur more frequently than in EMR. Recently various traction methods have been introduced to facilitate ESD procedures, such as clip with line, external forceps, clip and snare, internal traction, double scope, and magnetic anchor. Each method must be used appropriately according to the anatomical characteristics. In this review we discuss recently proposed traction methods for ESD based on the characteristics of various anatomical sites.
文摘This review is intended to shed new light on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer and in the meanwhile emphasiz</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the differences between rectal and colon cancer, strengthen and highlight the possibility of a clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score). A novel scoring system described in this review can be used as inclusion criteria and as a predictive and prognostic scoring for stage III rectal cancer patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. Various studies have reported relevant differences related to CRC primary location site (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum) including response to adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. In stage III CRC patients, previous findings showed that higher density of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) was associated with better response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main topics:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> In this review</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the current knowledge status on the role of neutrophils in colorectal cancer is assessed, including novel finding discovered by Dr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Nicola Sarandria on the role of neutrophils in rectal cancer. It includes different factors which point to an anti-tumoral role of neutrophils in rectal cancer when in presence of chemotherapeutic agents (such as 5-fluorouracil). The clinical significance of TANs was assessed and whether it can be different depend</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ed</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> on the location of the primary CRC (right-sided colon, left-sided colon, rectum). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This review officially highlights the possibility of a new clinical prognostic and predictive scoring (Sarandria Score) involving intratumoral neutrophilic infiltration in rectal cancer and the possibility of a new inclusion criteri</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> based on this infiltrate for Stage III rectal cancer patients treated with 5-FU therapy. This review includes knowledge from data published on my medical degree thesis showing that higher levels of TANs densities were associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) in 5-FU treated patients affected by rectal cancer (while it was inversely related in patients without 5-FU therapy). This </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s also further evidence in support of a possible conceptual division of what is now known as colorectal cancer into two separate entities: colon and rectal cancer.
