Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution.However,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization ma...Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution.However,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing environment.Here,we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface,subterranean,and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras(Astyanax mexicanus)from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native range.We found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in Mexico.Despite this rapid morphological divergence,we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing environments.While most trait assays in common-garden,lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity,we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean populations.Interestingly,wall-following behavior,an important subterranean foraging behavior,was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish,suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface populations.Thus,this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution,identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution,and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization.展开更多
Color variation among populations is thought to be either due to genetic variation or phenotype plasticity.In this study,we found that an agamid lizard,Phrynocephalus theobaldi,inhabiting elevations greater than any o...Color variation among populations is thought to be either due to genetic variation or phenotype plasticity.In this study,we found that an agamid lizard,Phrynocephalus theobaldi,inhabiting elevations greater than any other reptile,displayed a significantly darker spotted marking on the central ventral abdomen in higher populations than in lower populations.The grey spotted area only occurred in elevations>4200 m,and also increased with increased elevation.The ratio of the size of the dark colored area to the degree of skin luminance/reflectance was used to test whether the lizard has a larger and darker spotted area at higher elevations.This ratio was significantly positively associated with elevation rather than substrate color.The lizard did not display sexual difference in this phenotype.Temperature had a significant influence on the brightness of central abdomen,but temperature-related plasticity of this trait was much smaller than the magnitude of the difference between higher(>4200 m)and lower populations(<4200 m).Common garden experiments showed that genetic inheritance,rather than phenotype plasticity,played a dominant role in this variation.Our research addressed the darkness of a body region that is rarely analyzed because it is shielded from direct insolation.The idea that ventral color could be related to thermoregulation is shown to be worthy of further research.展开更多
对同质园栽培的来自14个种源的三叶崖爬藤(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的10个表型性状进行比较,并进行聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明:除新稍长和单株块茎数量外,三叶崖爬藤的茎粗、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、块茎直径、单株...对同质园栽培的来自14个种源的三叶崖爬藤(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的10个表型性状进行比较,并进行聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明:除新稍长和单株块茎数量外,三叶崖爬藤的茎粗、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、块茎直径、单株块茎鲜质量以及块茎中总黄酮和多糖含量在种源间的差异达到极显著水平。三叶崖爬藤10个表型性状的变异系数在17.03%~51.95%之间,其中,块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量的变异系数较大,分别为51.95%和48.59%。聚类分析结果显示:14个种源三叶崖爬藤聚为2类,其中,浙江6个种源聚为一类,该类三叶崖爬藤的茎较纤细,叶片较小,块茎中总黄酮和多糖含量较高;湖南、湖北、江西和广西种源聚为另一类,该类三叶崖爬藤的茎粗壮,叶片较大,块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量较大。相关性分析结果显示:三叶崖爬藤块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量与茎粗、新稍长、叶宽和单叶面积呈极显著正相关,块茎中总黄酮和多糖含量与茎粗、新稍长、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量总体上呈极显著负相关。研究结果显示:三叶崖爬藤表型性状可作为种源划分和优良种源筛选的依据。展开更多
文摘Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution.However,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing environment.Here,we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface,subterranean,and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras(Astyanax mexicanus)from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native range.We found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in Mexico.Despite this rapid morphological divergence,we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing environments.While most trait assays in common-garden,lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity,we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean populations.Interestingly,wall-following behavior,an important subterranean foraging behavior,was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish,suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface populations.Thus,this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution,identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution,and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,Grant No.2019 QZKK0501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772447)Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LY21C040002)。
文摘Color variation among populations is thought to be either due to genetic variation or phenotype plasticity.In this study,we found that an agamid lizard,Phrynocephalus theobaldi,inhabiting elevations greater than any other reptile,displayed a significantly darker spotted marking on the central ventral abdomen in higher populations than in lower populations.The grey spotted area only occurred in elevations>4200 m,and also increased with increased elevation.The ratio of the size of the dark colored area to the degree of skin luminance/reflectance was used to test whether the lizard has a larger and darker spotted area at higher elevations.This ratio was significantly positively associated with elevation rather than substrate color.The lizard did not display sexual difference in this phenotype.Temperature had a significant influence on the brightness of central abdomen,but temperature-related plasticity of this trait was much smaller than the magnitude of the difference between higher(>4200 m)and lower populations(<4200 m).Common garden experiments showed that genetic inheritance,rather than phenotype plasticity,played a dominant role in this variation.Our research addressed the darkness of a body region that is rarely analyzed because it is shielded from direct insolation.The idea that ventral color could be related to thermoregulation is shown to be worthy of further research.
文摘对同质园栽培的来自14个种源的三叶崖爬藤(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的10个表型性状进行比较,并进行聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明:除新稍长和单株块茎数量外,三叶崖爬藤的茎粗、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、块茎直径、单株块茎鲜质量以及块茎中总黄酮和多糖含量在种源间的差异达到极显著水平。三叶崖爬藤10个表型性状的变异系数在17.03%~51.95%之间,其中,块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量的变异系数较大,分别为51.95%和48.59%。聚类分析结果显示:14个种源三叶崖爬藤聚为2类,其中,浙江6个种源聚为一类,该类三叶崖爬藤的茎较纤细,叶片较小,块茎中总黄酮和多糖含量较高;湖南、湖北、江西和广西种源聚为另一类,该类三叶崖爬藤的茎粗壮,叶片较大,块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量较大。相关性分析结果显示:三叶崖爬藤块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量与茎粗、新稍长、叶宽和单叶面积呈极显著正相关,块茎中总黄酮和多糖含量与茎粗、新稍长、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、块茎直径和单株块茎鲜质量总体上呈极显著负相关。研究结果显示:三叶崖爬藤表型性状可作为种源划分和优良种源筛选的依据。
