Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information r...Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information regarding m^(6)A modification in Eimeria tenella is currently available.In the present study,we surveyed the transcriptome-wide prevalence of m^(6)A in sporulated oocysts and unsporulated oocysts of E.tenella.Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analysis showed that m^(6)A modification was most abundant in the coding sequences,followed by stop codon.There were 3,903 hypermethylated and 3,178 hypomethylated mRNAs in sporulated oocysts compared with unsporulated oocysts.Further joint analysis suggested that m^(6)A modification of the majority of genes was positively correlated with mRNA expression.The mRNA relative expression and m^(6)A level of the selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR)and MeRIP-qPCR.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that differentially m^(6)A methylated genes(DMMGs)with significant differences in mRNA expression were closely related to processes such as regulation of gene expression,epigenetic,microtubule,autophagy-other and TOR signaling.Moreover,a total of 96 DMMGs without significant differences in mRNA expression showed significant differences at protein level.GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the 96 genes showed that RNA methylation may be involved in cell biosynthesis and metabolism of E.tenella.We firstly present a map of RNA m^(6)A modification in E.tenella,which provides significant insights into developmental biology of E.tenella.展开更多
Objective:Prostate cancer(PCa)patients might experience lower urinary tract symptoms as those diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Some of them might be treated for their lower urinary tract symptoms inste...Objective:Prostate cancer(PCa)patients might experience lower urinary tract symptoms as those diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Some of them might be treated for their lower urinary tract symptoms instead of PCa.We aimed to test the effect of PCa versus BPH on surgical outcomes after transurethral prostate surgery,namely complication and mortality rates.Methods:Within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database(2011-2016),we identified patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate,photoselective vaporization,or laser enucleation.Patients were stratified according to postoperative diagnosis(PCa vs.BPH).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the predictors of perioperative morbidity and mortality.A formal test of interaction between diagnosis and surgical technique used was performed.Results:Overall,34542 patients were included.Of all,2008(5.8%)had a diagnosis of PCa.The multivariable logistic regression model failed to show statistically significant higher rates of postoperative complications in PCa patients(odds ratio:0.9,95%confidence interval:0.7-1.1;p=0.252).Moreover,similar rates of perioperative mortality(p=0.255),major acute cardiovascular events(p=0.581),transfusions(p=0.933),and length of stay of more than or equal to 30 days(p=0.174)were found.Additionally,all tests failed to show an interaction between post-operative diagnosis and surgical technique used.Conclusion:Patients diagnosed with PCa do not experience higher perioperative morbidity or mortality after transurethral prostate surgery when compared to their BPH counterparts.Moreover,the diagnosis seems to not influence surgical technique outcomes.展开更多
Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclu...Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.展开更多
This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An...This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true.展开更多
Based on the analysis of rice planting and export development in Heilongjiang Province in 2013-2021,this paper comprehensively used three export competitiveness analysis methods,namely,trade competitiveness index,reve...Based on the analysis of rice planting and export development in Heilongjiang Province in 2013-2021,this paper comprehensively used three export competitiveness analysis methods,namely,trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage(RCA)analysis and international market share analysis,to compare the four major rice exporters in the world and the three major rice export provinces and cities in China.Besides,it evaluated the rice export competitiveness of Heilongjiang Province from multiple perspectives.It analyzed the reasons for low competitiveness in terms of export product structure,export market structure,production and processing technology,and brand building.Finally,it is recommended to clarify the positioning of rice export quality and take more measures to ensure product quality;improve the level of industrialization of rice production and processing,and extend the rice industry chain;develop diversified rice export markets and improve export flexibility;adhere to the principle of"opening the door and going out",expand the international popularity of high-quality brands,so as to enhance the rice export competitiveness of Heilongjiang Province.展开更多
Disposing of coal gangue and fly-ash on the surface is a risky method with tremendous potential catastrophic consequences for the environment.Backfill mining is a promising practice for turning those hazardous wastes ...Disposing of coal gangue and fly-ash on the surface is a risky method with tremendous potential catastrophic consequences for the environment.Backfill mining is a promising practice for turning those hazardous wastes into functional backfill materi-als.Unfortunately,how to efficiently deliver the slurry to the desired places remains under-researched.To address this issue,the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent was used in the current study in addition to a laboratory rheological test to simulate the impact of various parameters on the evolution of pressure at a particular section of the pipeline.Furthermore,the response surface method was employed to investigate how the various components and their corresponding influencing weights interact to affect the pressure drop.This study demonstrates that the pressure drop of the slurry is highly influenced by slurry concentration,speed,and pipe diameter.While conveying speed is the main component in the bend section,pipe diameter takes over in the horizontal and vertical pipe sections.展开更多
Objective:This work aimed to report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of Rheum palmatum,summarize the features of Caryophyllales mitogenomes,and to reveal the potential of utilizing the mitogenomes of...Objective:This work aimed to report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of Rheum palmatum,summarize the features of Caryophyllales mitogenomes,and to reveal the potential of utilizing the mitogenomes of R.palmatum and other Caryophyllales species for inferring phylogenetic relationships and species identification.Methods:Both Illumina short reads and PacBio HiFi reads were utilized to obtain a complete mitogenome of R.palmatum.A variety of bioinformatics tools were employed to characterize the R.palmatum mitogenome,compare the reported mitogenomes in Caryophyllales and conduct phylogenetic analysis.Results:The mitogenome of R.palmatum was assembled into a single master circle of 302,993 bp,encoding 35 known protein-coding genes,18 transfer RNA genes,and three ribosome RNA genes.A total of 249 long repeats and 49 simple sequence repeats were identified in this mitogenome.The sizes of mitogenomes in Caryophyllales varied from 253 kb to 11.3 Mb.Among them,23 mitogenomes were circular molecules,one was linear,and one consisted of relaxed circles,linear molecules,and supercoiled DNA.Out of the total mitogenomes,11 were single-chromosome structure,whereas the remaining 14 were multi-chromosomal organizations.The phylogenetic analysis is consistent with both the Engler system(1964)and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system.Conclusions:We obtained the first mitogenome of R.palmatum,which consists of a master circle.Mitogenomes in Caryophyllales have variable genome sizes and structures even within the same species.Circular molecules are still the dominant pattern in Caryophyllales.Single-chromosome mitogenomes account for nearly a half of all the mitogenomes in Caryophyllales,in contrast to previous studies.It is feasible to utilize mitochondrial genomes for inferring phylogenetic relationships and conducting species identification.展开更多
Through the comparison of the sovereign debt risks of the two economies,this paper focuses on the analyses of the risk formation path and the fiscal sustainability at the macroeconomic level.Due to the differences in ...Through the comparison of the sovereign debt risks of the two economies,this paper focuses on the analyses of the risk formation path and the fiscal sustainability at the macroeconomic level.Due to the differences in the external resources and coping measures that affect the risk formation of the two economies,as well as the differences in the institutional roots that lead to the rise of debt risks,the impact mechanism of sovereign debt risks is also different.Finally,theoretical and policy implications are given.展开更多
This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that...This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that vocational education reform can draw on the experiences of the German dual system,American community colleges,and Chinese vocational education reforms,with a focus on informal education pathways,practice-oriented teaching,and flexible training methods.The Zhaixing Academy case demonstrates the application of practice-oriented teaching approaches in the field of vocational education,emphasizing individual student development needs and the advantages of education outside formal institutions,offering new insights and references for the current Chinese education system.The study proposes that governments and education departments should increase investment in vocational education,encourage collaboration between enterprises and vocational education institutions,and support innovative practice-oriented education.In the future,Zhaixing Academy can continue to focus on education reform,expand the realm of practice-oriented education,promote its educational philosophy and methods,and contribute to the diversification and sustainable development of education.展开更多
The aim of this study is to establish the prevailing conditions of changing climatic trends and change point dates in four selected meteorological stations of Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri in the Niger Delta re...The aim of this study is to establish the prevailing conditions of changing climatic trends and change point dates in four selected meteorological stations of Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Using daily or 24-hourly annual maximum series (AMS) data with the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and the modified Chowdury Indian Meteorological Department (MCIMD) models were adopted to downscale the time series data. Mann-Kendall (MK) trend and Sen’s Slope Estimator (SSE) test showed a statistically significant trend for Uyo and Benin, while Port Harcourt and Warri showed mild trends. The Sen’s Slope magnitude and variation rate were 21.6, 10.8, 6.00 and 4.4 mm/decade, respectively. The trend change-point analysis showed the initial rainfall change-point dates as 2002, 2005, 1988, and 2000 for Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri, respectively. These prove positive changing climatic conditions for rainfall in the study area. Erosion and flood control facilities analysis and design in the Niger Delta will require the application of Non-stationary IDF modelling.展开更多
This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were ...This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.展开更多
Ginkgo biloba is a famous living“fossil”and has played an important role in the evolution of the Plant Kingdom.Here,the complete chloroplast genome of G.biloba was sequenced and analysed.The chloroplast genome was 1...Ginkgo biloba is a famous living“fossil”and has played an important role in the evolution of the Plant Kingdom.Here,the complete chloroplast genome of G.biloba was sequenced and analysed.The chloroplast genome was 156,990 bp long and predicted to encode 134 genes including 85 protein-coding genes,41 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.The chloroplast genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a pair of inverted repeat regions(IRa and IRb,17,732 bp),a large(LSC,99,259 bp)and small single(SSC,22,267 bp)copy region.After an extensive comparison to previously published gymnosperm plastomes,the gene content and organisation of G.biloba showed high divergence,although part was relatively conserved.The two typical IR regions in the G.biloba chloroplast genome were relatively shorter because it the ycf2 gene.In addition,it was obvious that the IR regions and gene loss were responsible for changes in chloroplast genome size and structure stability,which influenced plastome evolution in different gymnosperms.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G.biloba is sister to cycads rather than to gnetophytes,cupressophytes,and Pinaceae.Overall,the study showed that the genomic characteristics of G.biloba would be of great help in the further research on the taxonomy,species identification and evolutionary history of gymnosperms,especially for their position in plant systematics and evolution.展开更多
Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural indus...Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural industry chain,and analyzed operating characteristics,problems,and similarities of three cooperatives and their functions in the agricultural industry chain.The study indicated that the farmers' specialized cooperatives can accurately find their position in the agricultural industry chain.This is helpful for raising their comprehensive competitiveness and it is very important to manage the survival and development of farmers' specialized cooperatives,which is of utmost importance to their effective operation.According to this study,the government should strengthen its support,speed up the cultivation of new-type professional farmers,while farmers' specialized cooperatives should grasp the operating characteristics,locate themselves and integrate multi-resources.These are effective measures for promoting healthy operation of farmers' specialized cooperatives.展开更多
Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy badly.Especially with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more complicated.Though many new ...Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy badly.Especially with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more complicated.Though many new energy theft detection(ETD)techniques have been proposed by utilising different data mining(DM)techniques,state&network(S&N)based techniques,and game theory(GT)techniques.Here,a detailed survey is presented where many state-of-the-art ETD techniques are studied and analysed for their strengths and limitations.Three levels of taxonomy are presented to classify state-of-the-art ETD techniques.Different types and ways of energy theft and their consequences are studied and summarised and different parameters to benchmark the performance of proposed techniques are extracted from literature.The challenges of different ETD techniques and their mitigation are suggested for future work.It is observed that the literature on ETD lacks knowledge management techniques that can be more effective,not only for ETD but also for theft tracking.This can help in the prevention of energy theft,in the future,as well as for ETD.展开更多
Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversi...Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversity of white oaks is the most extensive;however,to date,the evolution of chloroplast(cp)genomes in white oaks in China has not been comprehensively studied.Thus,we sequenced the complete cp genomes(161,254 bp,161,229 bp and 161,254 bp in size)of three white oak species(Quercus serrata Thunb.var.brevipetiolata A.DC.Nakai,Quercus wutaishansea Mary and Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour,respectively).Six white oak species(Quercus aliena Blume,Quercus dentata Thunb.,Quercus aliena Blume var.acutiserrata Maximowicz ex Wenzig,Q.serrata var.brevipetiolata,Q.wutaishanica and Q.mongolica)and five other Fagaceae species(Quercus rubra L.,Quercus variabilis Bl.,Quercus aquifolioid.es Rehd.et Wils.,Fagus engleriana Seem.and Castanea henryi Skan Rehd.et Wils.)were retrieved for comparative analyses.We detected11 highly divergent regions(psbA,matK/rps16,rps16,trnSGCU/trnG-GCC,trnR-UCU/atpA,trnT-GGU/psbD,ndhJ,ndhJ/ndhK,accD,ndhF and ycfl)through comparative analyses and these regions might be used as molecular markers.Theωratio of the rps12,rpoC2 and ycf1 genes was greater than 1 in several comparison groups between white oaks and the petA gene was subjected to significant positive selection between the comparison of six white oaks and Q.variabilis.Phylogenetic analyses revealed that six white oaks were grouped with Q.rubra,forming a single clade.展开更多
The morphology and properties of corn starch and cassava starch were compared by SEM, DSC and TGA. Theeffects of amylose and amylopectin content on starch properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The plywood wa...The morphology and properties of corn starch and cassava starch were compared by SEM, DSC and TGA. Theeffects of amylose and amylopectin content on starch properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The plywood was pressed with the prepared adhesive and the bonding strength of the plywood was tested to analyze thedifference among the adhesives from different plant sources and the difference after blending PAPI prepolymer.FT-IR results showed that the hydroxyl peak of cassava starch was stronger and wider. TGA showed that the residue of cassava starch was lower, but the thermal stability of cassava starch was almost the same. XPS data showedthat the oxygen content of cassava starch was slightly higher, but the carbon content was slightly lower. SEM analysis showed that corn starch granules were more irregular and sharper than cassava starch, and cassava starchgranules were more uniform, regular and round.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to comparatively analyze two local heavy rainstroms in northwestern Shandong Province, China. [Method] Based on the observation data from automatic weather station, sounding data and NCEP reana...[Objective] The aim was to comparatively analyze two local heavy rainstroms in northwestern Shandong Province, China. [Method] Based on the observation data from automatic weather station, sounding data and NCEP reanalysis data, two local heavy rainstorms at night on July 18 and August 9 in 2010 in northwestern Shandong was comparatively analyzed from the aspects of circulation situation, influence system and physical field, and the internal structure and possible formation mechanism of local heavy rain in Shandong were discussed further. [Result] The two rainstorms occurred in the forepart of southwest air in front of 500 hPa trough, and there was stronger atmospheric baroclinicity in the front zone near 850 hPa. The two rainstorms were affected by southwest warm and humid airflow at low level and shear line at 850 hPa; rainstorm often appeared in intensive area behind θse high-energy tongue, and rainstorm area corresponded with the area with high vertical speed well. From the differences, during the first rainstorm, there was obvious southwest low level jet and shear line at 700 hPa, and the area with high precipitation was located in the south of warm shear line at 700 hPa; during the latter rainstorm, there was no obvious southwest low level jet and shear line, and the area with high precipitation was located in the region between two high pressures. [Conclusion] The study could provide valuable thinking for the forecast of this kind of rainstorm in the future.展开更多
Due to the integrated development between Chengdu and Chongqing,there are a large number of residents flowing into the two cities from their surrounding areas,so community renewal is imminent.Because of the similarity...Due to the integrated development between Chengdu and Chongqing,there are a large number of residents flowing into the two cities from their surrounding areas,so community renewal is imminent.Because of the similarity in the historical and cultural background of the two places,a comparative analysis of the evolution of community space in Chengdu-Chongqing Region enables Chengdu and Chongqing learn from each other and speed up the pace of renewal.This paper analyzed the evolution of community space in main urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing.Specifically,the evolution of community space in Chengdu and Chongqing went through three stages.The starting time of community renewal in the two places was very close,but the duration of each stage varied.The second stage of Chengdu continued for a longer time,so its renovation and renewal of the community space was more detailed and thorough,and the emphasis and extension direction of the evolution of the community space were different.The evolution of community space in both Chengdu and Chongqing went through"mechanical renewal of demolition and construction—small-scale gradual renewal",but the path of renewal and development of the community space in Chengdu was faster.This paper,from the perspective of the evolution of community space,put forward the framework and content of community renewal in Chengdu and Chongqing based on community development and elaborated the community research content based on community development.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Kidney stone disease, also termed nephrolithiasis is associated with significant morbidities such as severe colicky flank pain, haematuria, urinary tract infection and kidney f...<strong>Background:</strong> Kidney stone disease, also termed nephrolithiasis is associated with significant morbidities such as severe colicky flank pain, haematuria, urinary tract infection and kidney failure. Kidney stone disease was perceived as uncommon in developing countries;however, the global prevalence has been rising over the past two decades due to lifestyle changes. There is very limited literature on kidney stone composition in Africa, including Ghana and South Africa. It was based on this evidence that this study was undertaken. <strong>Aim:</strong> The primary aim of this study was to describe and compare the composition of kidney stone in patients receiving treatment at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra (Ghana) and Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town (South Africa). <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was a retrospective folder review of patients treated for nephrolithiasis at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra (Ghana) and Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town (South Africa). Patients who were treated for kidney stone disease between 1<sup>st</sup> June 2016 and 31<sup>st</sup> May 2018 were recruited, and their folder numbers were retrieved from theatre logbooks. A total of hundred and sixty-three (n = 163) folders (n = 30 KBTH;n = 133 GSH) were subsequently retrieved from the two facilities’ records department. Demographic data and kidney stone analysis results were analyzed using the <em>R</em> statistical software. <strong>Results:</strong> The age of KBTH patients ranged from 24 to 75 years and age of 45 years, while that of GSH ranged 19 to 77 years and median age 48 years respectively. Males were the majority stone formers for both hospitals [56.7% KBTH;59.4% GSH]. There was no statistical difference in gender (<em>p</em> = 0.9447) and age (<em>p</em> = 0.2612) between the two groups. Calcium oxalate (86.7%) and uric acid (90.0%) were the commonest components of the kidney stones analyzed from the KBTH. Calcium oxalate (66.2%) and carbonate apatite (40.6%) were the most common components stones from GSH. Brushite (3.0%), cystine (3.8%) and struvite (19.6%) stones were only found in GSH patients. All kidney stones from the KBTH were mixed stones. Pure kidney stones were only found among the GSH dataset constituting 48.9%, also female patients from GSH formed more mixed stones than their male counterparts (M:F = 40.5%:66.67%) and infection kidney stones were also predominantly found among female patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings indicate that the two facilities’ participants are not different in terms of gender and age. However, the composition of stones was found to be different between participants from both hospitals. This suggests that kidney stone composition may be influenced by patients’ geographical location and or cultural background.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902298)the Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(2022ZDYF126)+2 种基金the Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”,China(20211331-13)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanxi Agricultural University,China(2017YJ10)the Special Research Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University for High-level Talents,China(2021XG001)。
文摘Evidence showed that N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)modification plays a pivotal role in influencing RNA fate and is strongly associated with cell growth and developmental processes in many species.However,no information regarding m^(6)A modification in Eimeria tenella is currently available.In the present study,we surveyed the transcriptome-wide prevalence of m^(6)A in sporulated oocysts and unsporulated oocysts of E.tenella.Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeRIP-seq)analysis showed that m^(6)A modification was most abundant in the coding sequences,followed by stop codon.There were 3,903 hypermethylated and 3,178 hypomethylated mRNAs in sporulated oocysts compared with unsporulated oocysts.Further joint analysis suggested that m^(6)A modification of the majority of genes was positively correlated with mRNA expression.The mRNA relative expression and m^(6)A level of the selected genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR)and MeRIP-qPCR.GO and KEGG analysis indicated that differentially m^(6)A methylated genes(DMMGs)with significant differences in mRNA expression were closely related to processes such as regulation of gene expression,epigenetic,microtubule,autophagy-other and TOR signaling.Moreover,a total of 96 DMMGs without significant differences in mRNA expression showed significant differences at protein level.GO and pathway enrichment analysis of the 96 genes showed that RNA methylation may be involved in cell biosynthesis and metabolism of E.tenella.We firstly present a map of RNA m^(6)A modification in E.tenella,which provides significant insights into developmental biology of E.tenella.
文摘Objective:Prostate cancer(PCa)patients might experience lower urinary tract symptoms as those diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Some of them might be treated for their lower urinary tract symptoms instead of PCa.We aimed to test the effect of PCa versus BPH on surgical outcomes after transurethral prostate surgery,namely complication and mortality rates.Methods:Within the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database(2011-2016),we identified patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate,photoselective vaporization,or laser enucleation.Patients were stratified according to postoperative diagnosis(PCa vs.BPH).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the predictors of perioperative morbidity and mortality.A formal test of interaction between diagnosis and surgical technique used was performed.Results:Overall,34542 patients were included.Of all,2008(5.8%)had a diagnosis of PCa.The multivariable logistic regression model failed to show statistically significant higher rates of postoperative complications in PCa patients(odds ratio:0.9,95%confidence interval:0.7-1.1;p=0.252).Moreover,similar rates of perioperative mortality(p=0.255),major acute cardiovascular events(p=0.581),transfusions(p=0.933),and length of stay of more than or equal to 30 days(p=0.174)were found.Additionally,all tests failed to show an interaction between post-operative diagnosis and surgical technique used.Conclusion:Patients diagnosed with PCa do not experience higher perioperative morbidity or mortality after transurethral prostate surgery when compared to their BPH counterparts.Moreover,the diagnosis seems to not influence surgical technique outcomes.
基金2021 General Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJKR0298)Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund Office(2019)(No.L19BGL034).
文摘Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.
文摘This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true.
基金Social Science Planning Project of Xi an City(JG140)Bidding Project of Buchang Xixian Economic Research Institute(SMZX202113).
文摘Based on the analysis of rice planting and export development in Heilongjiang Province in 2013-2021,this paper comprehensively used three export competitiveness analysis methods,namely,trade competitiveness index,revealed comparative advantage(RCA)analysis and international market share analysis,to compare the four major rice exporters in the world and the three major rice export provinces and cities in China.Besides,it evaluated the rice export competitiveness of Heilongjiang Province from multiple perspectives.It analyzed the reasons for low competitiveness in terms of export product structure,export market structure,production and processing technology,and brand building.Finally,it is recommended to clarify the positioning of rice export quality and take more measures to ensure product quality;improve the level of industrialization of rice production and processing,and extend the rice industry chain;develop diversified rice export markets and improve export flexibility;adhere to the principle of"opening the door and going out",expand the international popularity of high-quality brands,so as to enhance the rice export competitiveness of Heilongjiang Province.
文摘Disposing of coal gangue and fly-ash on the surface is a risky method with tremendous potential catastrophic consequences for the environment.Backfill mining is a promising practice for turning those hazardous wastes into functional backfill materi-als.Unfortunately,how to efficiently deliver the slurry to the desired places remains under-researched.To address this issue,the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent was used in the current study in addition to a laboratory rheological test to simulate the impact of various parameters on the evolution of pressure at a particular section of the pipeline.Furthermore,the response surface method was employed to investigate how the various components and their corresponding influencing weights interact to affect the pressure drop.This study demonstrates that the pressure drop of the slurry is highly influenced by slurry concentration,speed,and pipe diameter.While conveying speed is the main component in the bend section,pipe diameter takes over in the horizontal and vertical pipe sections.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81874339)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2022-I2M-1-018).
文摘Objective:This work aimed to report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of Rheum palmatum,summarize the features of Caryophyllales mitogenomes,and to reveal the potential of utilizing the mitogenomes of R.palmatum and other Caryophyllales species for inferring phylogenetic relationships and species identification.Methods:Both Illumina short reads and PacBio HiFi reads were utilized to obtain a complete mitogenome of R.palmatum.A variety of bioinformatics tools were employed to characterize the R.palmatum mitogenome,compare the reported mitogenomes in Caryophyllales and conduct phylogenetic analysis.Results:The mitogenome of R.palmatum was assembled into a single master circle of 302,993 bp,encoding 35 known protein-coding genes,18 transfer RNA genes,and three ribosome RNA genes.A total of 249 long repeats and 49 simple sequence repeats were identified in this mitogenome.The sizes of mitogenomes in Caryophyllales varied from 253 kb to 11.3 Mb.Among them,23 mitogenomes were circular molecules,one was linear,and one consisted of relaxed circles,linear molecules,and supercoiled DNA.Out of the total mitogenomes,11 were single-chromosome structure,whereas the remaining 14 were multi-chromosomal organizations.The phylogenetic analysis is consistent with both the Engler system(1964)and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system.Conclusions:We obtained the first mitogenome of R.palmatum,which consists of a master circle.Mitogenomes in Caryophyllales have variable genome sizes and structures even within the same species.Circular molecules are still the dominant pattern in Caryophyllales.Single-chromosome mitogenomes account for nearly a half of all the mitogenomes in Caryophyllales,in contrast to previous studies.It is feasible to utilize mitochondrial genomes for inferring phylogenetic relationships and conducting species identification.
文摘Through the comparison of the sovereign debt risks of the two economies,this paper focuses on the analyses of the risk formation path and the fiscal sustainability at the macroeconomic level.Due to the differences in the external resources and coping measures that affect the risk formation of the two economies,as well as the differences in the institutional roots that lead to the rise of debt risks,the impact mechanism of sovereign debt risks is also different.Finally,theoretical and policy implications are given.
文摘This study delves into the current state and challenges of vocational education through a comparative study of cross-national vocational education and an analysis of the Zhaixing Academy case.The research reveals that vocational education reform can draw on the experiences of the German dual system,American community colleges,and Chinese vocational education reforms,with a focus on informal education pathways,practice-oriented teaching,and flexible training methods.The Zhaixing Academy case demonstrates the application of practice-oriented teaching approaches in the field of vocational education,emphasizing individual student development needs and the advantages of education outside formal institutions,offering new insights and references for the current Chinese education system.The study proposes that governments and education departments should increase investment in vocational education,encourage collaboration between enterprises and vocational education institutions,and support innovative practice-oriented education.In the future,Zhaixing Academy can continue to focus on education reform,expand the realm of practice-oriented education,promote its educational philosophy and methods,and contribute to the diversification and sustainable development of education.
文摘The aim of this study is to establish the prevailing conditions of changing climatic trends and change point dates in four selected meteorological stations of Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Using daily or 24-hourly annual maximum series (AMS) data with the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and the modified Chowdury Indian Meteorological Department (MCIMD) models were adopted to downscale the time series data. Mann-Kendall (MK) trend and Sen’s Slope Estimator (SSE) test showed a statistically significant trend for Uyo and Benin, while Port Harcourt and Warri showed mild trends. The Sen’s Slope magnitude and variation rate were 21.6, 10.8, 6.00 and 4.4 mm/decade, respectively. The trend change-point analysis showed the initial rainfall change-point dates as 2002, 2005, 1988, and 2000 for Uyo, Benin, Port Harcourt, and Warri, respectively. These prove positive changing climatic conditions for rainfall in the study area. Erosion and flood control facilities analysis and design in the Niger Delta will require the application of Non-stationary IDF modelling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31860450)the Marine and Fisheries Bureau of Haikou(No.HHCL201804)+2 种基金the Innovative Research Projects of Graduate Students of Hai-nan Province(No.Hys2018-197)the Key Science and Technology Program of Haikou City(No.2017051)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan University(No.kyqd1662)
文摘This study investigated the difference of nutrient composition in Caulerpa lentillifera collected from different regions.The nutrient compositions of C.lentillifera from China's Hainan and Shandong provinces were determined and compared with those from Semporna(Malaysia),Sabah(Malaysia),Petchburi(Thailand),and two other species of seaweeds(Malaysia).The results showed that the polysaccharide and protein contents of C.lentillifera from Hainan(44.82%±0.98%and 12.5%±0.70%),Shandong(43.22%±1.42%and 14.7%±0.72%),Petchburi(59.27%±2.31%and 12.49%±0.30%),and Sabah(44.02%±2.01%and 19.38%±1.48%)were higher than those of Eucheuma cottonii(26.49%±3.01%and 9.76%±1.33%)and Sargassum polycystum(33.49%±1.70%and 5.40%±0.07%),respectively.The polyunsaturated fatty acid contents in C.lentillifera from Hainan(29.98%)and Shandong(22.11%)were higher than that in Semporna(16.76%±0.27%),Sabah(9.49%),and S.polycystum(20.34%±0.43%),but lower than that in E.cottonii(51.55%±0.57%).In Caulerpa lentillifera of Hainan and Shandong provinces,the essential amino acid(EAA)/total amino acid(TAA)ratios were 35.22%and 38.78%,respectively;and the EAA/ETAA ratios were 54.36%and 63.35%,respectively.The EAA composition of C.lentillifera was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.C.lentillifera was rich in mineral elements,including calcium((3315.85±127.55)mg(100 g)^-1 and(3728.35±92.38)mg(100 g)^-1),magnesium((6715.74±82.58)mg(100 g)^-1 and(8128.59±242.72)mg(100 g)^-1),and trace elements,including iron((510.65±5.47)mg(100 g)^-1 and(1972.97±183.35)mg(100 g)^-1),selenium((1.04±0.08)mg(100 g)^-1 and(0.83±0.15)mg(100 g)^-1),and zinc((33.90±0.13)mg(100 g)^-1 and(11.75±2.05)mg(100 g)^-1).These results showed that C.lentillifera was more nutritious than S.polycystum or E.cottonii in terms of polysaccharide,protein,and fatty acid contents.Furthermore,both C.lentillifera species collected from Hainan and Shandong provinces show more basic nutrients.Therefore,C.lentillifera has important development and application prospects.
基金supported by the Key Forestry Public Welfare Project of China(201504105)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0600700)the Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Funds of Jiangsu Province[CX(16)1005].
文摘Ginkgo biloba is a famous living“fossil”and has played an important role in the evolution of the Plant Kingdom.Here,the complete chloroplast genome of G.biloba was sequenced and analysed.The chloroplast genome was 156,990 bp long and predicted to encode 134 genes including 85 protein-coding genes,41 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.The chloroplast genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a pair of inverted repeat regions(IRa and IRb,17,732 bp),a large(LSC,99,259 bp)and small single(SSC,22,267 bp)copy region.After an extensive comparison to previously published gymnosperm plastomes,the gene content and organisation of G.biloba showed high divergence,although part was relatively conserved.The two typical IR regions in the G.biloba chloroplast genome were relatively shorter because it the ycf2 gene.In addition,it was obvious that the IR regions and gene loss were responsible for changes in chloroplast genome size and structure stability,which influenced plastome evolution in different gymnosperms.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G.biloba is sister to cycads rather than to gnetophytes,cupressophytes,and Pinaceae.Overall,the study showed that the genomic characteristics of G.biloba would be of great help in the further research on the taxonomy,species identification and evolutionary history of gymnosperms,especially for their position in plant systematics and evolution.
文摘Taking three typical farmers' specialized cooperatives in Jingyuan County of Gansu Province as example,this paper compared with the operating mode of three cooperatives and their position in the agricultural industry chain,and analyzed operating characteristics,problems,and similarities of three cooperatives and their functions in the agricultural industry chain.The study indicated that the farmers' specialized cooperatives can accurately find their position in the agricultural industry chain.This is helpful for raising their comprehensive competitiveness and it is very important to manage the survival and development of farmers' specialized cooperatives,which is of utmost importance to their effective operation.According to this study,the government should strengthen its support,speed up the cultivation of new-type professional farmers,while farmers' specialized cooperatives should grasp the operating characteristics,locate themselves and integrate multi-resources.These are effective measures for promoting healthy operation of farmers' specialized cooperatives.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Grant Agreement(801522)Science Foundation Ireland and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the ADAPT Centre for Digital Content Technology(13/RC/2106_P2)。
文摘Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy badly.Especially with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more complicated.Though many new energy theft detection(ETD)techniques have been proposed by utilising different data mining(DM)techniques,state&network(S&N)based techniques,and game theory(GT)techniques.Here,a detailed survey is presented where many state-of-the-art ETD techniques are studied and analysed for their strengths and limitations.Three levels of taxonomy are presented to classify state-of-the-art ETD techniques.Different types and ways of energy theft and their consequences are studied and summarised and different parameters to benchmark the performance of proposed techniques are extracted from literature.The challenges of different ETD techniques and their mitigation are suggested for future work.It is observed that the literature on ETD lacks knowledge management techniques that can be more effective,not only for ETD but also for theft tracking.This can help in the prevention of energy theft,in the future,as well as for ETD.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-Profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2018ZB001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071065)。
文摘Quercus L.has significant societal,ecological and economic benefits in the Northern Hemisphere.However,species identification among oaks is notoriously difficult.China harbours highly diverse oaks,of which the diversity of white oaks is the most extensive;however,to date,the evolution of chloroplast(cp)genomes in white oaks in China has not been comprehensively studied.Thus,we sequenced the complete cp genomes(161,254 bp,161,229 bp and 161,254 bp in size)of three white oak species(Quercus serrata Thunb.var.brevipetiolata A.DC.Nakai,Quercus wutaishansea Mary and Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour,respectively).Six white oak species(Quercus aliena Blume,Quercus dentata Thunb.,Quercus aliena Blume var.acutiserrata Maximowicz ex Wenzig,Q.serrata var.brevipetiolata,Q.wutaishanica and Q.mongolica)and five other Fagaceae species(Quercus rubra L.,Quercus variabilis Bl.,Quercus aquifolioid.es Rehd.et Wils.,Fagus engleriana Seem.and Castanea henryi Skan Rehd.et Wils.)were retrieved for comparative analyses.We detected11 highly divergent regions(psbA,matK/rps16,rps16,trnSGCU/trnG-GCC,trnR-UCU/atpA,trnT-GGU/psbD,ndhJ,ndhJ/ndhK,accD,ndhF and ycfl)through comparative analyses and these regions might be used as molecular markers.Theωratio of the rps12,rpoC2 and ycf1 genes was greater than 1 in several comparison groups between white oaks and the petA gene was subjected to significant positive selection between the comparison of six white oaks and Q.variabilis.Phylogenetic analyses revealed that six white oaks were grouped with Q.rubra,forming a single clade.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670569)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572019CG05)Special thanks to the support of the Chinese University Students,Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(202010225071).
文摘The morphology and properties of corn starch and cassava starch were compared by SEM, DSC and TGA. Theeffects of amylose and amylopectin content on starch properties were studied by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. The plywood was pressed with the prepared adhesive and the bonding strength of the plywood was tested to analyze thedifference among the adhesives from different plant sources and the difference after blending PAPI prepolymer.FT-IR results showed that the hydroxyl peak of cassava starch was stronger and wider. TGA showed that the residue of cassava starch was lower, but the thermal stability of cassava starch was almost the same. XPS data showedthat the oxygen content of cassava starch was slightly higher, but the carbon content was slightly lower. SEM analysis showed that corn starch granules were more irregular and sharper than cassava starch, and cassava starchgranules were more uniform, regular and round.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to comparatively analyze two local heavy rainstroms in northwestern Shandong Province, China. [Method] Based on the observation data from automatic weather station, sounding data and NCEP reanalysis data, two local heavy rainstorms at night on July 18 and August 9 in 2010 in northwestern Shandong was comparatively analyzed from the aspects of circulation situation, influence system and physical field, and the internal structure and possible formation mechanism of local heavy rain in Shandong were discussed further. [Result] The two rainstorms occurred in the forepart of southwest air in front of 500 hPa trough, and there was stronger atmospheric baroclinicity in the front zone near 850 hPa. The two rainstorms were affected by southwest warm and humid airflow at low level and shear line at 850 hPa; rainstorm often appeared in intensive area behind θse high-energy tongue, and rainstorm area corresponded with the area with high vertical speed well. From the differences, during the first rainstorm, there was obvious southwest low level jet and shear line at 700 hPa, and the area with high precipitation was located in the south of warm shear line at 700 hPa; during the latter rainstorm, there was no obvious southwest low level jet and shear line, and the area with high precipitation was located in the region between two high pressures. [Conclusion] The study could provide valuable thinking for the forecast of this kind of rainstorm in the future.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51508471)Philosophy and Social Science Program of Sichuan Province(MD16E017)+3 种基金Soft Science Programs of Chengdu City(2015-RK00-00270-ZF)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(2682017CX016)Teaching Research and Reform Project for Undergraduate Education of Southwest Jiaotong University(201704048)2017 Student Research Training Program(170903)
文摘Due to the integrated development between Chengdu and Chongqing,there are a large number of residents flowing into the two cities from their surrounding areas,so community renewal is imminent.Because of the similarity in the historical and cultural background of the two places,a comparative analysis of the evolution of community space in Chengdu-Chongqing Region enables Chengdu and Chongqing learn from each other and speed up the pace of renewal.This paper analyzed the evolution of community space in main urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing.Specifically,the evolution of community space in Chengdu and Chongqing went through three stages.The starting time of community renewal in the two places was very close,but the duration of each stage varied.The second stage of Chengdu continued for a longer time,so its renovation and renewal of the community space was more detailed and thorough,and the emphasis and extension direction of the evolution of the community space were different.The evolution of community space in both Chengdu and Chongqing went through"mechanical renewal of demolition and construction—small-scale gradual renewal",but the path of renewal and development of the community space in Chengdu was faster.This paper,from the perspective of the evolution of community space,put forward the framework and content of community renewal in Chengdu and Chongqing based on community development and elaborated the community research content based on community development.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Kidney stone disease, also termed nephrolithiasis is associated with significant morbidities such as severe colicky flank pain, haematuria, urinary tract infection and kidney failure. Kidney stone disease was perceived as uncommon in developing countries;however, the global prevalence has been rising over the past two decades due to lifestyle changes. There is very limited literature on kidney stone composition in Africa, including Ghana and South Africa. It was based on this evidence that this study was undertaken. <strong>Aim:</strong> The primary aim of this study was to describe and compare the composition of kidney stone in patients receiving treatment at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra (Ghana) and Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town (South Africa). <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was a retrospective folder review of patients treated for nephrolithiasis at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra (Ghana) and Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town (South Africa). Patients who were treated for kidney stone disease between 1<sup>st</sup> June 2016 and 31<sup>st</sup> May 2018 were recruited, and their folder numbers were retrieved from theatre logbooks. A total of hundred and sixty-three (n = 163) folders (n = 30 KBTH;n = 133 GSH) were subsequently retrieved from the two facilities’ records department. Demographic data and kidney stone analysis results were analyzed using the <em>R</em> statistical software. <strong>Results:</strong> The age of KBTH patients ranged from 24 to 75 years and age of 45 years, while that of GSH ranged 19 to 77 years and median age 48 years respectively. Males were the majority stone formers for both hospitals [56.7% KBTH;59.4% GSH]. There was no statistical difference in gender (<em>p</em> = 0.9447) and age (<em>p</em> = 0.2612) between the two groups. Calcium oxalate (86.7%) and uric acid (90.0%) were the commonest components of the kidney stones analyzed from the KBTH. Calcium oxalate (66.2%) and carbonate apatite (40.6%) were the most common components stones from GSH. Brushite (3.0%), cystine (3.8%) and struvite (19.6%) stones were only found in GSH patients. All kidney stones from the KBTH were mixed stones. Pure kidney stones were only found among the GSH dataset constituting 48.9%, also female patients from GSH formed more mixed stones than their male counterparts (M:F = 40.5%:66.67%) and infection kidney stones were also predominantly found among female patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings indicate that the two facilities’ participants are not different in terms of gender and age. However, the composition of stones was found to be different between participants from both hospitals. This suggests that kidney stone composition may be influenced by patients’ geographical location and or cultural background.
