Since the new curriculum reform,labor education has gradually shed its marginalized position in the“five educations,”and the labor curriculum has become an independent course officially separated from comprehensive ...Since the new curriculum reform,labor education has gradually shed its marginalized position in the“five educations,”and the labor curriculum has become an independent course officially separated from comprehensive practical activity courses.Exploring the practical path of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China has become the primary task of labor education in China.Based on the practical situation of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China,drawing on the theory of overlapping influence domains,and from the perspective of collaborative education among family,school,and community,this paper proposes a curriculum practical path of“school-led”family-school-community collaboration and a curriculum practical path guided by“student-centered”sentiment,in order to provide references for the practice of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China.展开更多
In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment ...In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment in ourcountry,gave some advice about howtoi mprove our educational resource deployment of compulsory education.展开更多
This article briefly introduces the successful experience of American ＂Compensatory Education Program＂, British ＂Education Action Zone＂, French＂Priority Education Zone Policy＂ and Japanese ＂Regular Flow of Teac...This article briefly introduces the successful experience of American ＂Compensatory Education Program＂, British ＂Education Action Zone＂, French＂Priority Education Zone Policy＂ and Japanese ＂Regular Flow of TeachersSystem＂, which are about the optimal allocation of compulsory education teacher resources allocation. Corresponding enlightenment has been gotten based on it. In addition, this article holds the opinion that we can focus on the reference and practice of Japan, and implement the regular flow of teachers. The main reason is that China has possessed the key condition of carrying out this system.展开更多
In recent years, scholars and teachers carried out in-depth study around performance pay of compulsory education and teacher mobility and achieved more fruitful results, providing a good theoretical basis for the next...In recent years, scholars and teachers carried out in-depth study around performance pay of compulsory education and teacher mobility and achieved more fruitful results, providing a good theoretical basis for the next step of the researchers. But most of their researches are theoretical analysis, with more in-depth theory but less empirical research on specific measures operability, which also need more and further exploration of scholars.展开更多
This paper tries to give an outline of the Norwegian educational system for primary schooland middle school and as understood by me during my visit to Vorway in September 1996. Myunderstanding is based on a introducti...This paper tries to give an outline of the Norwegian educational system for primary schooland middle school and as understood by me during my visit to Vorway in September 1996. Myunderstanding is based on a introduction meeting in the ministry of Education, Research andReligion, and through meetings and talks with representatives for "Norges skoleforbund"(Teacher’s association of Norway)and personal talks with teachers.展开更多
The Regulation on the Education of Persons with Disabilities, which came into effect in 2017, stipulates for the first time disabled children’s right to individualized education, clarifies the subjects who determine ...The Regulation on the Education of Persons with Disabilities, which came into effect in 2017, stipulates for the first time disabled children’s right to individualized education, clarifies the subjects who determine and influence the individualized education that disabled children receive, and determines the procedures for disabled children to receive individualized education. However, compared to the subjects that determine disabled children’s right to individualized education and procedural provisions as stipulated in the U.S. laws such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990, the Regulation on the Education of Persons with Disabilities in China has some problems, including inadequate participation of disabled children and their parents and incomplete relief settlement mechanism. China should further improve the legal provisions relating to disabled children’s right to individualized education, and safeguard the right of participation and the right to relief of disabled children and their parents.展开更多
The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the impleme...The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies展开更多
For-profit private schools will be banned from China＇s compulsory education system from September 1,2017,according to the revised Non-State Education Promotion Law adopted at the 24th Session of the 12th National Peo...For-profit private schools will be banned from China＇s compulsory education system from September 1,2017,according to the revised Non-State Education Promotion Law adopted at the 24th Session of the 12th National People＇s Congress Standing Committee in November.In China,the government-funded compulsory education system provides nine years of education free of charge to students from primary school to junior middle school. In addition to the public system, there are currently over 160,000 private schools nationwide which supplement public education, according to China＇s Ministry of Education.展开更多
Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the current status of,and developmental trends affecting,the participation in supplementary tutoring by compulsory education students in China.Design/Approach/Methods-Ba...Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the current status of,and developmental trends affecting,the participation in supplementary tutoring by compulsory education students in China.Design/Approach/Methods-Based on the data from the China Family Panel Study(CFPS)conducted by the Peking University Institute of Social Science Survey in 2010,2012,2014,and 2016,the paper uses the method of multilevel linear model to comprehensively analyze problems involving a multilevel data structure.Findings-The paper finds that the proportion of compulsory education students participating in supplementary tutoring(and the expenditure on such tutoring)increased annually before declining in 2016.Students with higher socioeconomic status,higher school quality,and better academic performance have a higher tutoring participation rate and also spend more on tutoring.Students in China’s three northeastern provinces and eastern coastal areas have higher participation rates in tutoring and higher tutoring expenditures.Originality/Value-Supplementary tutoring in China already has its own developmental patterns and trends;however,few scholars have empirically studied the developmental patterns and trends of supplementary tutoring in compulsory education based on longitudinal survey data.展开更多
China’s Compulsory Education Law,determining the development of compulsory education,was first promulgated in 1986 and then amended in 2006.It has been a symbolic milestone in the history of Chinese education.During ...China’s Compulsory Education Law,determining the development of compulsory education,was first promulgated in 1986 and then amended in 2006.It has been a symbolic milestone in the history of Chinese education.During two decades,there have been totally 8 influential reforms in compulsory education funding policy.From the viewpoint of practical analysis and value analysis about policy changes,China’s compulsory education funding policy is still in a state of dramatic changes and mixed changes,which shows some disadvantages.展开更多
China’s Western Development is a policy adopted to boost its less developed Western regions,that is,a systematic project and a longterm and arduous task.The development of compulsory education in China’s minority ar...China’s Western Development is a policy adopted to boost its less developed Western regions,that is,a systematic project and a longterm and arduous task.The development of compulsory education in China’s minority areas is the key to it.This paper attempts to use the beneficial experience of developing compulsory education support system of other countries for reference so as to explore financial support system suitable for the situation of China’s compulsory education in minority areas.展开更多
The balanced development of compulsory education,with a focus on the goal of educational equality,is both a matter of policy orientation and a practical educational issue.At present,people are mostly concerned with th...The balanced development of compulsory education,with a focus on the goal of educational equality,is both a matter of policy orientation and a practical educational issue.At present,people are mostly concerned with the unbalanced state of development of compulsory education,its causes,and issues regarding its administration.Various modes of production,policy choices,and institutional arrangements during different periods have been the practical,historical causes of differences in regional compulsory education,differences between urban and rural areas,and differences between schools.A direct consequence of the unbalanced development of compulsory education has been the emergence of irregularities in school selection.During the process of school selection,the strength of family and school social capital is increasingly influential,and it has increasingly negative effects:circumventing the policy of going to school near home,aggravating differences between families because of family and school social capital,and therefore damaging the prospect of educational equality.On this account,we present a constructive proposal for government policy to reduce the detrimental effects of social capital by means of reasonable policy choices and institutional arrangements.With prerequisite balanced allocation of school resources for compulsory education,the government reduces the role that family and social capital play in school selection and constructs a benignly competitive environment wherein school social capital works to placate social issues aroused by the intervention of the social capital of families and schools in school selection.展开更多
The paper has compared the quality of compulsory education of rural schools in West China with the counties,cities,and provincial capitals,and find out that there is a big gap between the quality of West rural and urb...The paper has compared the quality of compulsory education of rural schools in West China with the counties,cities,and provincial capitals,and find out that there is a big gap between the quality of West rural and urban compulsory education,the quality of some grades of the rural primary schools has not achieved the basic requirement of the curriculum standards,the gap between the quality of junior high schools in rural and urban areas is relatively severe.The mean score and qualified rate in the subjects of Chinese,mathematics and English of West rural junior high students are distinctly lower than that of the urban and county schools.The main factor that leads to the bigger discrepancy between the urban and rural education quality mainly lies in the difference in the teaching force.Compared with urban schools,the teachers in rural schools is insufficient and poorly-trained,with less access to teachers'professional development and support.The teaching quality in the West rural schools should be paid attention and improved in light of the rationale of educational equity.展开更多
The balanced development of compulsory education has been given due and lengthy coverage in the“Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)”which,to some ex...The balanced development of compulsory education has been given due and lengthy coverage in the“Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)”which,to some extent,reflects the needs of our time and the demands of the general public.However,detailed analyses reveal that many aspects remain to be improved.The authors hold that the balanced development of compulsory education should be people-oriented and a fundamental right of modern citizens.The paper makes a preliminary research on the question of balance in compulsory education,discussing participants,potential to achieve balance,and how to evaluate the ongoing development towards balance.展开更多
Due to imbalanced social and economic development,education in poverty-stricken rural areas in China is lagging behind that of urban areas.The current study explores the role of the nonprofit organizations(NPOs)involv...Due to imbalanced social and economic development,education in poverty-stricken rural areas in China is lagging behind that of urban areas.The current study explores the role of the nonprofit organizations(NPOs)involved in rural compulsory education promotion.Results show that the NPOs are providing a variety of programs to promote rural compulsory education,and the types of programs,as well as their implementation strategies and impact,are influenced by their registration statuses and background characteristics.Due to lack of coordination and skills,there still remain service gaps,and the quality of the existing programs is questionable.The article proposes strategies to strengthen the nonprofit sector’s work in rural compulsory education.展开更多
Balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity,but also the fundamental part for realizing a harmonious society.There have been several achievements in balancing the devel...Balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity,but also the fundamental part for realizing a harmonious society.There have been several achievements in balancing the development of compulsory education in China,such as narrowing the gaps in compulsory education between rural,urban,and other areas.However,the development of compulsory education is still confronted with several issues,including the gaps between rural and urban schools,the gaps between teacher’s situations in rural and urban area,higher drop-out rates of rural compulsory education than that of the national average level,etc.Based on the analysis of these issues and reasons,the suggestions for the policy-makers are as follows:(1)it must be further clarified that governments at all levels must take all responsibilities for the balanced development of compulsory education so as to integrate local authorities’input and the central government’s subsidies;(2)the allocation mechanism of resources for compulsory education should be set up with“qualitative and fair growth”as its aim;(3)The quality standard for compulsory education based on the national curriculum standard should be worked out for playing the role of quality inspection in the fair development of compulsory education,and a relevant system of responsibility should also be established;(4)A national unified card for compulsory education should be adopted,which would help abolish extra fees for non-permanent-resident students receiving compulsory education in other places and(5)civilian-sponsored schools should be encouraged to offer compulsory education.展开更多
Whether investing in hardware for basic education is conducive to the long-term development of school-age children is a controversial issue in academic literature.Based on the data from the 2013 Chinese Household Inco...Whether investing in hardware for basic education is conducive to the long-term development of school-age children is a controversial issue in academic literature.Based on the data from the 2013 Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP),this paper uses the difference-in-differences(DID)method with cross-sectional data to evaluate the policy effects of China’s National Compulsory Education Project for Poor Areas launched in 12 central provinces in the mid-1990s.We fi nd that through the construction,renovation,or expansion of primary and junior middle school buildings and purchase of teaching equipment,this project achieved on its goal of“raising education levels”:the years of schooling of the benefi ciaries after they reached adulthood increased signifi cantly by roughly 0.7 years.However,the project was not found to have an“income effect”,i.e.,the income of the benefi ciary children did not increase with the increase in schoolings.The econometric analysis shows that although the project could raise the income levels of the children in adulthood,it did not significantly increase the likelihood of the beneficiary groups moving to cities as migrant workers.Limited by the late development of secondary and tertiary industries in poor counties,the benefi ciaries who stayed locally were less likely to engage in non-farm occupations,and thus their income did not signifi cantly increase.This indicates that policies like the Compulsory Education Project designed to improve school hardware in a short period of time can effectively promote the development of basic education in poverty-stricken areas.Nonetheless,to achieve the fundamental goal of raising income while increasing schooling,it is also necessary to actively guide people moving to cities to work as migrant workers and bolster the development of local secondary and tertiary sectors.展开更多
The education of migrant workers＇ children is not only education but also social issue. Countries and places have introduced a number of policies to address the issue in a timely manner. At first, this paper analyzes...The education of migrant workers＇ children is not only education but also social issue. Countries and places have introduced a number of policies to address the issue in a timely manner. At first, this paper analyzes the compulsory education policy for migrant workers＇ children and off-site college entrance policy, then find that there are still many problems in the formulation and implementation of policy. In the future, the relevant departments should be through improving the social status of migrant workers, increasing efforts to support the private school children of migrant workers, increasing investment in adult education, increasing the publicity of city, such the four aspects of policy guidance to coordinate and solve the education of migrant workers＇ children.展开更多
As a type of urban gentrification oriented by high-quality educational resources,jiaoyufication is a socio-spatial process that refers to the middle-class group that attaches importance to education realizes the agglo...As a type of urban gentrification oriented by high-quality educational resources,jiaoyufication is a socio-spatial process that refers to the middle-class group that attaches importance to education realizes the agglomeration in famous school districts by purchasing high-price school district houses.Based on the theoretical analysis of jiaoyufication conducted by Chinese and foreign scholars,this paper takes Nanjing as a case city,applies multi-source data like POIs(points of interest),real estate market data,mobile-phone user portraits and questionnaires,and develops a composite measurement of jiaoyufication to identify jiaoyufied school district,jiaoyufied group&its spatial characteristics,and discusses the causal mechanisms and effects of jiaoyufication.With the GIS-entropy-TOPSIS model,this paper evaluates the jiaoyufication level of public primary school districts in the main urban area of Nanjing.The result show that 218 primary school districts are categorized into four types,i.e.,high jiaoyufied school district,mid-high jiaoyufied school district,medium jiaoyufied school district,and low jiaoyufied school district.The high jiaoyufied school districts are closely associated with the institutional system.In the high jiaoyufied school districts,many middle-class families have abundant social,economic,and cultural capital.They purchase and move to houses with lower living quality in school districts to pursue high-quality education for their children.The strict school district system,soaring school district housing prices,and intense educational competition continuously solidify the jiaoyufication levels of famous school districts and lock the opportunities for high-quality education in specific school-district spaces and classes or groups.The phenomenon of this socio-spatial reconstruction process,which results from the unequal distribution of high-quality educational resources,tends to aggravate the rich-poor gap and social segregation in cities.It is suggested that equalization of compulsory education services should be effectively carried forward as soon as possible.展开更多
文摘Since the new curriculum reform,labor education has gradually shed its marginalized position in the“five educations,”and the labor curriculum has become an independent course officially separated from comprehensive practical activity courses.Exploring the practical path of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China has become the primary task of labor education in China.Based on the practical situation of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China,drawing on the theory of overlapping influence domains,and from the perspective of collaborative education among family,school,and community,this paper proposes a curriculum practical path of“school-led”family-school-community collaboration and a curriculum practical path guided by“student-centered”sentiment,in order to provide references for the practice of labor curriculum in compulsory education in China.
文摘In the base of utility and marginal utility,the article put forwardthe concept of utility and marginal utilityof educational outlay and the theory of them,and analyzed the actuality of educational resource deployment in ourcountry,gave some advice about howtoi mprove our educational resource deployment of compulsory education.
文摘This article briefly introduces the successful experience of American ＂Compensatory Education Program＂, British ＂Education Action Zone＂, French＂Priority Education Zone Policy＂ and Japanese ＂Regular Flow of TeachersSystem＂, which are about the optimal allocation of compulsory education teacher resources allocation. Corresponding enlightenment has been gotten based on it. In addition, this article holds the opinion that we can focus on the reference and practice of Japan, and implement the regular flow of teachers. The main reason is that China has possessed the key condition of carrying out this system.
文摘In recent years, scholars and teachers carried out in-depth study around performance pay of compulsory education and teacher mobility and achieved more fruitful results, providing a good theoretical basis for the next step of the researchers. But most of their researches are theoretical analysis, with more in-depth theory but less empirical research on specific measures operability, which also need more and further exploration of scholars.
文摘This paper tries to give an outline of the Norwegian educational system for primary schooland middle school and as understood by me during my visit to Vorway in September 1996. Myunderstanding is based on a introduction meeting in the ministry of Education, Research andReligion, and through meetings and talks with representatives for "Norges skoleforbund"(Teacher’s association of Norway)and personal talks with teachers.
基金the phased achievement for the project of the Jilin University’s Fundamental Research Funds "Research on International Human Rights Law:Taking the International Human Rights Political Theory and Practices as Reference"(2011QY024)the phased result of a major project of the Humanities and Science Key Research Base of Ministry of Education"Theoretical and Practical Research on the Establishment of the Government by Law in the Contexts of Rights"
文摘The Regulation on the Education of Persons with Disabilities, which came into effect in 2017, stipulates for the first time disabled children’s right to individualized education, clarifies the subjects who determine and influence the individualized education that disabled children receive, and determines the procedures for disabled children to receive individualized education. However, compared to the subjects that determine disabled children’s right to individualized education and procedural provisions as stipulated in the U.S. laws such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990, the Regulation on the Education of Persons with Disabilities in China has some problems, including inadequate participation of disabled children and their parents and incomplete relief settlement mechanism. China should further improve the legal provisions relating to disabled children’s right to individualized education, and safeguard the right of participation and the right to relief of disabled children and their parents.
文摘The right to education is a basic human right China has actively implemented the international treaties on the right of migrant children to elementary education and provided institutional support to ensure the implementation of elementary education policy In practice,however,due to factors such as regional differences and fiscal capacity,the problems of equal treatment and a balanced distribution of educational resources remain to be addressed In this regard,this paper suggests solving the problems from the perspectives of enhancing the implementation of international treaties,increasing compulsory education resources,improving the quality of education,and adjusting policies
文摘For-profit private schools will be banned from China＇s compulsory education system from September 1,2017,according to the revised Non-State Education Promotion Law adopted at the 24th Session of the 12th National People＇s Congress Standing Committee in November.In China,the government-funded compulsory education system provides nine years of education free of charge to students from primary school to junior middle school. In addition to the public system, there are currently over 160,000 private schools nationwide which supplement public education, according to China＇s Ministry of Education.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-“Family Capital,Shadow Education and Social Reproduction”Project(Project Approval Number:71774112)National Natural Science Foundation of China-“Facing the Shadow Education System:Research on Supplementary Tutoring in Compulsory Education in China”Project(Project Approval Number:71373165).
文摘Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to explore the current status of,and developmental trends affecting,the participation in supplementary tutoring by compulsory education students in China.Design/Approach/Methods-Based on the data from the China Family Panel Study(CFPS)conducted by the Peking University Institute of Social Science Survey in 2010,2012,2014,and 2016,the paper uses the method of multilevel linear model to comprehensively analyze problems involving a multilevel data structure.Findings-The paper finds that the proportion of compulsory education students participating in supplementary tutoring(and the expenditure on such tutoring)increased annually before declining in 2016.Students with higher socioeconomic status,higher school quality,and better academic performance have a higher tutoring participation rate and also spend more on tutoring.Students in China’s three northeastern provinces and eastern coastal areas have higher participation rates in tutoring and higher tutoring expenditures.Originality/Value-Supplementary tutoring in China already has its own developmental patterns and trends;however,few scholars have empirically studied the developmental patterns and trends of supplementary tutoring in compulsory education based on longitudinal survey data.
文摘China’s Compulsory Education Law,determining the development of compulsory education,was first promulgated in 1986 and then amended in 2006.It has been a symbolic milestone in the history of Chinese education.During two decades,there have been totally 8 influential reforms in compulsory education funding policy.From the viewpoint of practical analysis and value analysis about policy changes,China’s compulsory education funding policy is still in a state of dramatic changes and mixed changes,which shows some disadvantages.
文摘China’s Western Development is a policy adopted to boost its less developed Western regions,that is,a systematic project and a longterm and arduous task.The development of compulsory education in China’s minority areas is the key to it.This paper attempts to use the beneficial experience of developing compulsory education support system of other countries for reference so as to explore financial support system suitable for the situation of China’s compulsory education in minority areas.
文摘The balanced development of compulsory education,with a focus on the goal of educational equality,is both a matter of policy orientation and a practical educational issue.At present,people are mostly concerned with the unbalanced state of development of compulsory education,its causes,and issues regarding its administration.Various modes of production,policy choices,and institutional arrangements during different periods have been the practical,historical causes of differences in regional compulsory education,differences between urban and rural areas,and differences between schools.A direct consequence of the unbalanced development of compulsory education has been the emergence of irregularities in school selection.During the process of school selection,the strength of family and school social capital is increasingly influential,and it has increasingly negative effects:circumventing the policy of going to school near home,aggravating differences between families because of family and school social capital,and therefore damaging the prospect of educational equality.On this account,we present a constructive proposal for government policy to reduce the detrimental effects of social capital by means of reasonable policy choices and institutional arrangements.With prerequisite balanced allocation of school resources for compulsory education,the government reduces the role that family and social capital play in school selection and constructs a benignly competitive environment wherein school social capital works to placate social issues aroused by the intervention of the social capital of families and schools in school selection.
基金the Ministry of Education of P.R.C.for the financial assistance to the study.
文摘The paper has compared the quality of compulsory education of rural schools in West China with the counties,cities,and provincial capitals,and find out that there is a big gap between the quality of West rural and urban compulsory education,the quality of some grades of the rural primary schools has not achieved the basic requirement of the curriculum standards,the gap between the quality of junior high schools in rural and urban areas is relatively severe.The mean score and qualified rate in the subjects of Chinese,mathematics and English of West rural junior high students are distinctly lower than that of the urban and county schools.The main factor that leads to the bigger discrepancy between the urban and rural education quality mainly lies in the difference in the teaching force.Compared with urban schools,the teachers in rural schools is insufficient and poorly-trained,with less access to teachers'professional development and support.The teaching quality in the West rural schools should be paid attention and improved in light of the rationale of educational equity.
基金the National Social Science Foundation(10XJY005)the findings of“Research on Migrant Workers’Children Performance Evaluation and Institutional Innovation of Education Policy”sponsored by the National Social Science Foundation(10BJY014)led by Zhou Guohua.
文摘The balanced development of compulsory education has been given due and lengthy coverage in the“Outline of China’s National Plan for Medium and Long-Term Education Reform and Development(2010-2020)”which,to some extent,reflects the needs of our time and the demands of the general public.However,detailed analyses reveal that many aspects remain to be improved.The authors hold that the balanced development of compulsory education should be people-oriented and a fundamental right of modern citizens.The paper makes a preliminary research on the question of balance in compulsory education,discussing participants,potential to achieve balance,and how to evaluate the ongoing development towards balance.
文摘Due to imbalanced social and economic development,education in poverty-stricken rural areas in China is lagging behind that of urban areas.The current study explores the role of the nonprofit organizations(NPOs)involved in rural compulsory education promotion.Results show that the NPOs are providing a variety of programs to promote rural compulsory education,and the types of programs,as well as their implementation strategies and impact,are influenced by their registration statuses and background characteristics.Due to lack of coordination and skills,there still remain service gaps,and the quality of the existing programs is questionable.The article proposes strategies to strengthen the nonprofit sector’s work in rural compulsory education.
文摘Balanced development of compulsory education is not only the cornerstone of education equity,but also the fundamental part for realizing a harmonious society.There have been several achievements in balancing the development of compulsory education in China,such as narrowing the gaps in compulsory education between rural,urban,and other areas.However,the development of compulsory education is still confronted with several issues,including the gaps between rural and urban schools,the gaps between teacher’s situations in rural and urban area,higher drop-out rates of rural compulsory education than that of the national average level,etc.Based on the analysis of these issues and reasons,the suggestions for the policy-makers are as follows:(1)it must be further clarified that governments at all levels must take all responsibilities for the balanced development of compulsory education so as to integrate local authorities’input and the central government’s subsidies;(2)the allocation mechanism of resources for compulsory education should be set up with“qualitative and fair growth”as its aim;(3)The quality standard for compulsory education based on the national curriculum standard should be worked out for playing the role of quality inspection in the fair development of compulsory education,and a relevant system of responsibility should also be established;(4)A national unified card for compulsory education should be adopted,which would help abolish extra fees for non-permanent-resident students receiving compulsory education in other places and(5)civilian-sponsored schools should be encouraged to offer compulsory education.
基金National Natural Science Fund of China(71773139)CASS Innovation Program(2018CJY01-A002)China Research Institute of Finance and Taxation of Tsinghua University.
文摘Whether investing in hardware for basic education is conducive to the long-term development of school-age children is a controversial issue in academic literature.Based on the data from the 2013 Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP),this paper uses the difference-in-differences(DID)method with cross-sectional data to evaluate the policy effects of China’s National Compulsory Education Project for Poor Areas launched in 12 central provinces in the mid-1990s.We fi nd that through the construction,renovation,or expansion of primary and junior middle school buildings and purchase of teaching equipment,this project achieved on its goal of“raising education levels”:the years of schooling of the benefi ciaries after they reached adulthood increased signifi cantly by roughly 0.7 years.However,the project was not found to have an“income effect”,i.e.,the income of the benefi ciary children did not increase with the increase in schoolings.The econometric analysis shows that although the project could raise the income levels of the children in adulthood,it did not significantly increase the likelihood of the beneficiary groups moving to cities as migrant workers.Limited by the late development of secondary and tertiary industries in poor counties,the benefi ciaries who stayed locally were less likely to engage in non-farm occupations,and thus their income did not signifi cantly increase.This indicates that policies like the Compulsory Education Project designed to improve school hardware in a short period of time can effectively promote the development of basic education in poverty-stricken areas.Nonetheless,to achieve the fundamental goal of raising income while increasing schooling,it is also necessary to actively guide people moving to cities to work as migrant workers and bolster the development of local secondary and tertiary sectors.
文摘The education of migrant workers＇ children is not only education but also social issue. Countries and places have introduced a number of policies to address the issue in a timely manner. At first, this paper analyzes the compulsory education policy for migrant workers＇ children and off-site college entrance policy, then find that there are still many problems in the formulation and implementation of policy. In the future, the relevant departments should be through improving the social status of migrant workers, increasing efforts to support the private school children of migrant workers, increasing investment in adult education, increasing the publicity of city, such the four aspects of policy guidance to coordinate and solve the education of migrant workers＇ children.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171234,No.41901215,No.42271245。
文摘As a type of urban gentrification oriented by high-quality educational resources,jiaoyufication is a socio-spatial process that refers to the middle-class group that attaches importance to education realizes the agglomeration in famous school districts by purchasing high-price school district houses.Based on the theoretical analysis of jiaoyufication conducted by Chinese and foreign scholars,this paper takes Nanjing as a case city,applies multi-source data like POIs(points of interest),real estate market data,mobile-phone user portraits and questionnaires,and develops a composite measurement of jiaoyufication to identify jiaoyufied school district,jiaoyufied group&its spatial characteristics,and discusses the causal mechanisms and effects of jiaoyufication.With the GIS-entropy-TOPSIS model,this paper evaluates the jiaoyufication level of public primary school districts in the main urban area of Nanjing.The result show that 218 primary school districts are categorized into four types,i.e.,high jiaoyufied school district,mid-high jiaoyufied school district,medium jiaoyufied school district,and low jiaoyufied school district.The high jiaoyufied school districts are closely associated with the institutional system.In the high jiaoyufied school districts,many middle-class families have abundant social,economic,and cultural capital.They purchase and move to houses with lower living quality in school districts to pursue high-quality education for their children.The strict school district system,soaring school district housing prices,and intense educational competition continuously solidify the jiaoyufication levels of famous school districts and lock the opportunities for high-quality education in specific school-district spaces and classes or groups.The phenomenon of this socio-spatial reconstruction process,which results from the unequal distribution of high-quality educational resources,tends to aggravate the rich-poor gap and social segregation in cities.It is suggested that equalization of compulsory education services should be effectively carried forward as soon as possible.
