Custom-made esthetic finger prostheses, which are used for rehabilitation of patients with missing or impaired fingers, have been fabricated manually. However, such fabrication is time-consuming and requires manual sk...Custom-made esthetic finger prostheses, which are used for rehabilitation of patients with missing or impaired fingers, have been fabricated manually. However, such fabrication is time-consuming and requires manual skill. Here we propose a computer-aided method for fabricating finger pros-theses to save time and allow fabrications that do not require considerable manual skill. In this method, the dimensions of a patient’s healthy finger on the contralateral hand are first measured using a caliper. Using these dimensions, a three-dimensional model is constructed for fabricating a prosthesis for the patient’s impaired finger. Using the 3D model, a mold is designed using 3D modeling tools and a computer-aided design system. The resulting mold is then fabricated using a 3D printer. A finger prosthesis is fabricated by pouring silicone resin into the mold. A finger prosthesis for a volunteer was experimentally fabricated according to the proposed method. To evaluate the size and shape of the finger prosthesis, the difference between the finger prosthesis and the original finger of the volunteer was analyzed. Because the average difference between them was 0.25 mm, it was concluded that the proposed method could be used to fabricate a finger prosthesis of adequate size and shape.展开更多
To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the ...To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.展开更多
Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle...Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle of the conjoint analysis method, the rough set theory and the weight coefficient of different components of the cabinet,a multi-dimensional model of style imagery to evaluate the cabinet is built. Then the related constants of style imagery are calculated and the cabinet components library is also built by the three-dimensional modeling.Finally,with recombinant technology and the mapping model between cabinet style and external characteristics,the prototype system based on Visual Studio is proposed.This system actualizes the bidirectional reasoning between product style imagery and the shape features,which can assist designers to produce more creative designs,greatly improve the efficiency of cabinet development and increase the profits of companies.展开更多
The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtaine...The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtained. It is found that the stress distribution is very uneven, and the stress convergence is rather severe in the bridge of the aluminum profile extrusion mould. The optimum height of the mould is 70.527 mm, and the optimum radius of dividing holes are 70.182 mm and 80.663 mm. Increasing the height of the mould in the range of 61.282 mm to 70.422 mm can prolong its longevity, but when the height is over 70.422 mm, its longevity reduces.展开更多
Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate vario...Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate various computational tools,including machine learning,molecular dynamic simulation and physiologically based absorption modeling(PBAM),to enhance andrographolide(AG)/cyclodextrins(CDs)formulation design.The light GBM prediction model we built before was utilized to predict AG/CDs inclusion's binding free energy.AG/γ-CD inclusion complexes showed the strongest binding affinity,which was experimentally validated by the phase solubility study.The molecular dynamic simulation was used to investigate the inclusion mechanism between AG andγ-CD,which was experimentally characterized by DSC,FTIR and NMR techniques.PBAM was applied to simulate the in vivo behavior of the formulations,which were validated by cell and animal experiments.Cell experiments revealed that the presence of D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate(TPGS)significantly increased the intracellular uptake of AG in MDCKMDR1 cells and the absorptive transport of AG in MDCK-MDR1 monolayers.The relative bioavailability of the AG-CD-TPGS ternary system in rats was increased to 2.6-fold and 1.59-fold compared with crude AG and commercial dropping pills,respectively.In conclusion,this is the first time to integrate various computational tools to develop a new AG-CD-TPGS ternary formulation with significant improvement of aqueous solubility,dissolution rate and bioavailability.The integrated computational tool is a novel and robust methodology to facilitate pharmaceutical formulation design.展开更多
Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice mo...Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite and austenite phases in TRIP steels, as well as volume fraction of austenite at inter-critical temperatures for different time were calculated. Concentration profiles of carbon, manganese, aluminum and silicon in the steels were also estimated in the lattice fixed frame of reference. The effect of Si and Mn on TRIP was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. In order to understand and produce the graded nanophase structure of cemented carbides, miscellaneous phases in the M-Co-C （M= Ti, Ta, Nh） systems and Co-V-C system were modeled. Solution parameters and thermodynamic： properties were listed in detail. The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened mould steel for plastics was obtained by computer-aided composition design. The results showed that the matrix composition of large-section prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the composition control by the aid of Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition, the modification of calcium was optimized in composition design.展开更多
Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced...Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced steels. In the course of designing, the composition of a large section of prehardened mold steel for plastics was estimated so as to lower the quantities of oxide inclusions to change the type of carbides and to raise the machinability. The composition and process were adjusted to obtain satisfactory surface quality for the prevailing galvanization in transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. The refuting process of low-carbon steel was simulated in the light of both Thermo-Calc and Factsage. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were always conducted during the test and the procedure.展开更多
The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the...The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.展开更多
Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage dis...Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.展开更多
Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to...Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.展开更多
Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have attracted great interest due to their capability of generating electricity directly from sunlight. Machine learning(ML) is a technique for computer to learn how to perform a specifi...Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have attracted great interest due to their capability of generating electricity directly from sunlight. Machine learning(ML) is a technique for computer to learn how to perform a specific task using known data. It can be used in many areas and has become a hot research topic recently due to the rapid accumulation of data and advancement of computer hardware. The application of ML techniques in the design and fabrication of solar cells started slowly but has recently gained tremendous momentum. An exhaustive compilation of the literatures indicates that all the major aspects in the research and development of solar cells can be effectively assisted by ML techniques. If combined with other tools and fed with additional theoretical and experimental data, more accurate and robust results can be achieved from ML techniques. The aspects can be grouped into four categories:prediction of material properties,optimization of device structures, optimization of fabrication processes, and reconstruction of measurement data. A statistical analysis of the literatures shows that artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) are the two most applied ML techniques and the topics in the optimization of device structures and optimization of fabrication processes are more popular.This article can be used as a reference by all PV researchers who are interested in ML techniques.展开更多
Microcutting is a precision technology that offers flexible fabrication of microfeatures or complex three-dimensional components with high machining accuracy and superior surface quality.This technology may offer grea...Microcutting is a precision technology that offers flexible fabrication of microfeatures or complex three-dimensional components with high machining accuracy and superior surface quality.This technology may offer great potential as well as advantageous process capabilities for the machining of hard-to-cut materials,such as tungsten carbide.The geometrical design and dimension of the tool cutting edge is a key factor that determines the size and form accuracy possible in the machined workpiece.Currently,the majority of commercial microtools are scaled-down versions of conventional macrotool designs.This approach does not impart optimal performance due to size effects and associated phenomena.Consequently,in-depth analysis and implementation of microcutting mechanics and fundamentals are required to enable successful industrial adaptation in microtool design and fabrication methods.This paper serves as a review of recent microtool designs,materials,and fabrication methods.Analysis of tool performance is discussed,and new approaches and techniques are examined.Of particular focus is tool wear suppression in the machining of hard materials and associated process parameters,including internal cooling and surface patterning techniques.The review concludes with suggestions for an integrated design and fabrication process chain which can aid industrial microtool manufacture.展开更多
The curriculum“Woven Fabric Structure Design and Application”is the core curriculum of textile majors in higher vocational colleges,which plays a very important role in the cultivation of students’vocational abilit...The curriculum“Woven Fabric Structure Design and Application”is the core curriculum of textile majors in higher vocational colleges,which plays a very important role in the cultivation of students’vocational ability and professional quality.The curriculum reform of“Woven Fabric Structure Design and Application”through the deep cooperation of industry-college partnerships,the comprehensive analysis of the major training objectives and graduation requirements,the redesign of the curriculum teaching content,the improvement of the teaching method and the examination method,has achieved good results.展开更多
A four-channel 400 GHz channel spacing InP-based arrayed waveguide grating with a flattened wavelength re- sponse by employing a multimode interference coupler at the input waveguide of the filter is prepared. The fab...A four-channel 400 GHz channel spacing InP-based arrayed waveguide grating with a flattened wavelength re- sponse by employing a multimode interference coupler at the input waveguide of the filter is prepared. The fabricated devices show a flattened spectral response with a broadened 3-dB bandwidth up to 3.5 nm, interchan- nel non-uniformity of 〈0. 7dB and excellent match to the simulation results.展开更多
Two room temperature quarter wave resonator（QWR）buncher cavities with frequency of 162.5 MHz havebeen designed as parts of the medium energy beam transport line（MEBT1）for injectorⅡin China AcceleratorDriven Sub-c...Two room temperature quarter wave resonator（QWR）buncher cavities with frequency of 162.5 MHz havebeen designed as parts of the medium energy beam transport line（MEBT1）for injectorⅡin China AcceleratorDriven Sub-critical System (C-ADS) project in order to focus the beam longitudinally, thus keeping the bunchlength and matching the beam to the acceptance of the superconducting linac.Buncher is one of major equipments in MEBT1. Fig. 1 shows the layout of the MEBT1. Its structure directlyaffects the performance of MEBT1. Buncher cavity takes an open-ended quarter-wavelength coaxial line cylindertype structure, the mechanical design of buncher cavity was done according to the physical design, adequate considerationought to be given to the factors of electromagnetic field distribution, power coupling, frequency tuning,cavity cooling and manufacturing, and so on.展开更多
The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography—the device for investigating the structure and construction of three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on th...The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography—the device for investigating the structure and construction of three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on the basis of shadow projections. This article provides basic information regarding CAD of X-ray microtomography and a scheme consisting of three levels. The article also shows basic relations of X-ray computed tomography, the generalized scheme of an X-ray microtomographic scanner. The methods of X-ray imaging of the spatial microstructure and morphometry of materials are described. The main characteristics of an X-ray microtomographic scanner, the X-ray source, X-ray optical elements and mechanical components of the positioning system are shown. The block scheme and software functional scheme for intelligent neural network system of analysis of the internal microstructure of objects are presented. The method of choice of design parameters of CAD of X-ray microtomography aims at improving the quality of design and reducing costs of it. It is supposed to reduce the design time and eliminate the growing number of engineers involved in development and construction of X-ray microtomographic scanners.展开更多
This paper presents the work implemented in designing, fabricating and operating a model of a cheap hydraulic DDM （deep drawing machine）, which is currently utilized in the manufacturing processes lab in the IED （I...This paper presents the work implemented in designing, fabricating and operating a model of a cheap hydraulic DDM （deep drawing machine）, which is currently utilized in the manufacturing processes lab in the IED （Industrial Engineering Department） at An-Najah National University. The machine is used to conduct different experiments related to the deep drawing process. This work was implemented in three stages： the first was the design stage, in which all design calculations of the DDM elements were completed based on the specifications of the product （cup） to be drawn; the second was the construction stage, in which the DDM elements were fabricated and assembled at the engineering workshops of the university; the last was the operating and experimentation stage, in which the DDM was tested by conducting different experiments. The experience gained from designing and constructing such a mechanical lab equipment was found to be successful in terms of obtaining practical results that agree with those available in literature, cost-effective relative to the cost of a similar purchased equipment, as well as enhancing students＇ abilities in understanding the deep drawing process in particular and machine elements design concepts in general.展开更多
Diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)often evolves into chronic wounds that resist healing over an extended period,sometimes necessitating amputation in severe cases.Traditional wound management approaches generally fail to contro...Diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)often evolves into chronic wounds that resist healing over an extended period,sometimes necessitating amputation in severe cases.Traditional wound management approaches generally fail to control these chronic sores successfully.Thus,it arouses a huge demand in clinic for a novel wound dressing to treat DFU effectively.Hydrogel as an ideal delivery system exhibits excellent loading capacity and sustainable release behavior.It also boasts tunable physical and chemical properties adaptable to diverse biomedical scenarios,making it a suitable material for fabricating functional wound dressings to treat DFU.The hydrogel dressings are classified into hemostatic,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,and healing-promoting hydrogel dressings by associating the pathogenesis of DFU in this paper.The design and fabrication strategies for the dressings,as well as their therapeutic effects in treating DFU,are extensively reviewed.Additionally,this paper highlights future perspectives of multifunctional hydrogel dressings in DFU treatment.This review aims to provide valuable references for material scientists to design and develop hydrogel wound dressings with enhanced capabilities for DFU treatment,and to further translate them intothe clinic inthefuture.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.At initial diagnosis,approximately 20%of patients are diagnosed with metastatic CRC(mCRC).Although the APC-Asef interaction is a well-est...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.At initial diagnosis,approximately 20%of patients are diagnosed with metastatic CRC(mCRC).Although the APC-Asef interaction is a well-established target for mCRC therapy,the discovery and development of effective and safe drugs for mCRC patients remains an urgent and challenging endeavor.In this study,we identified a novel structural scaffold based on MAI inhibitors,the first-in-class APC-Asef inhibitors we reported previously.ONIOM model-driven optimizations of the N-terminal cap and experimental evaluations of inhibitory activity were performed,and 24-fold greater potency was obtained with the best inhibitor compared to the parental compound.In addition,the cocrystal structure validated that the two-layerπ-πstacking interactions were essential for inhibitor stabilization in the bound state.Furthermore,in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that novel inhibitors suppressed lung metastasis in CRC by disrupting the APC-Asef interaction.These results provide an intrinsic structural basis to further explore drug-like molecules for APC-Asef-mediated CRC therapy.展开更多
文摘Custom-made esthetic finger prostheses, which are used for rehabilitation of patients with missing or impaired fingers, have been fabricated manually. However, such fabrication is time-consuming and requires manual skill. Here we propose a computer-aided method for fabricating finger pros-theses to save time and allow fabrications that do not require considerable manual skill. In this method, the dimensions of a patient’s healthy finger on the contralateral hand are first measured using a caliper. Using these dimensions, a three-dimensional model is constructed for fabricating a prosthesis for the patient’s impaired finger. Using the 3D model, a mold is designed using 3D modeling tools and a computer-aided design system. The resulting mold is then fabricated using a 3D printer. A finger prosthesis is fabricated by pouring silicone resin into the mold. A finger prosthesis for a volunteer was experimentally fabricated according to the proposed method. To evaluate the size and shape of the finger prosthesis, the difference between the finger prosthesis and the original finger of the volunteer was analyzed. Because the average difference between them was 0.25 mm, it was concluded that the proposed method could be used to fabricate a finger prosthesis of adequate size and shape.
文摘To meet the development trend of multi-bar warp knit-ting machine towards high-speed,advanced technologyand computer control and the requirements of variousproducts with small quantity,there are many researcheson the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics.In terms of the special propertiesof the computer-aided pattern design of multi-barwarp knitted fabrics,the Object Oriented Program(OOP)programming-Object Windows class Library(OWL)programming is selected.According to thecharacters of the OWL programming,various functionsare defined.Pattern design and technical parameters canbe output,which offers a great convenience for the fac-tory.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71271053)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXLX13_082)
文摘Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle of the conjoint analysis method, the rough set theory and the weight coefficient of different components of the cabinet,a multi-dimensional model of style imagery to evaluate the cabinet is built. Then the related constants of style imagery are calculated and the cabinet components library is also built by the three-dimensional modeling.Finally,with recombinant technology and the mapping model between cabinet style and external characteristics,the prototype system based on Visual Studio is proposed.This system actualizes the bidirectional reasoning between product style imagery and the shape features,which can assist designers to produce more creative designs,greatly improve the efficiency of cabinet development and increase the profits of companies.
文摘The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtained. It is found that the stress distribution is very uneven, and the stress convergence is rather severe in the bridge of the aluminum profile extrusion mould. The optimum height of the mould is 70.527 mm, and the optimum radius of dividing holes are 70.182 mm and 80.663 mm. Increasing the height of the mould in the range of 61.282 mm to 70.422 mm can prolong its longevity, but when the height is over 70.422 mm, its longevity reduces.
基金financially supported by the FDCT Project 0029/2018/A1the University of Macao Research Grants(MYRG2019-00041-ICMS)performed in part at the High-Performance Computing Cluster(HPCC)which is supported by Information and Communication Technology Office(ICTO)of the University of Macao。
文摘Current formulation development strongly relies on trial-and-error experiments in the laboratory by pharmaceutical scientists,which is time-consuming,high cost and waste materials.This research aims to integrate various computational tools,including machine learning,molecular dynamic simulation and physiologically based absorption modeling(PBAM),to enhance andrographolide(AG)/cyclodextrins(CDs)formulation design.The light GBM prediction model we built before was utilized to predict AG/CDs inclusion's binding free energy.AG/γ-CD inclusion complexes showed the strongest binding affinity,which was experimentally validated by the phase solubility study.The molecular dynamic simulation was used to investigate the inclusion mechanism between AG andγ-CD,which was experimentally characterized by DSC,FTIR and NMR techniques.PBAM was applied to simulate the in vivo behavior of the formulations,which were validated by cell and animal experiments.Cell experiments revealed that the presence of D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate(TPGS)significantly increased the intracellular uptake of AG in MDCKMDR1 cells and the absorptive transport of AG in MDCK-MDR1 monolayers.The relative bioavailability of the AG-CD-TPGS ternary system in rats was increased to 2.6-fold and 1.59-fold compared with crude AG and commercial dropping pills,respectively.In conclusion,this is the first time to integrate various computational tools to develop a new AG-CD-TPGS ternary formulation with significant improvement of aqueous solubility,dissolution rate and bioavailability.The integrated computational tool is a novel and robust methodology to facilitate pharmaceutical formulation design.
文摘Thermodynamic and kinetic study on TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steels, cemented carbides and mold steel for plastics were carried out in order to design modern advanced materials. With the sublattice model, equilibrium compositions of ferrite and austenite phases in TRIP steels, as well as volume fraction of austenite at inter-critical temperatures for different time were calculated. Concentration profiles of carbon, manganese, aluminum and silicon in the steels were also estimated in the lattice fixed frame of reference. The effect of Si and Mn on TRIP was discussed according to thermodynamic and kinetic analyses. In order to understand and produce the graded nanophase structure of cemented carbides, miscellaneous phases in the M-Co-C （M= Ti, Ta, Nh） systems and Co-V-C system were modeled. Solution parameters and thermodynamic： properties were listed in detail. The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened mould steel for plastics was obtained by computer-aided composition design. The results showed that the matrix composition of large-section prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the composition control by the aid of Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition, the modification of calcium was optimized in composition design.
基金The study was financially supported by the key project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Local Gov-ernment (No. 015211010), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50171038) and the China-Belgium bi-lateral project (No. 2001-242).
文摘Suitable optimization and simulation were performed using a powerful software package with a mature database as well as modem measurement facilities, which led to the successful designing and manufacturing of advanced steels. In the course of designing, the composition of a large section of prehardened mold steel for plastics was estimated so as to lower the quantities of oxide inclusions to change the type of carbides and to raise the machinability. The composition and process were adjusted to obtain satisfactory surface quality for the prevailing galvanization in transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. The refuting process of low-carbon steel was simulated in the light of both Thermo-Calc and Factsage. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses were always conducted during the test and the procedure.
文摘The general computer-aided design （CAD） software cannot meet the mould design requirement of the autoclave process for composites, because many parameters such as temperature and pressure should be considered in the mould design process, in addition to the material and geometry of the part. A framed-mould computer-aided design system （FMCAD） used in the autoclave moulding process is proposed in this paper. A function model of the software is presented, in which influence factors such as part structure, mould structure, and process parameters are considered; a design model of the software is established using object oriented （O-O） technology to integrate the stiffness calculation, temperature field calculation, and deformation field calculation of mould in the design, and in the design model, a hybrid model of mould based on calculation feature and form feature is presented to support those calculations. A prototype system is developed, in which a mould design process wizard is built to integrate the input information, calculation, analysis, data storage, display, and design results of mould design. Finally, three design examples are used to verify the prototype.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Sciences Fund(31370938 and 81272528)The Fund(81272528)offered experiment material and collected the data for analysisThe Fund(31370938)helped design the study and was helpful in preparing the manuscript.
文摘Fully human antibodies have minimal immunogenicity and safety profiles.At present,most potential antibody drugs in clinical trials are humanized or fully human.Human antibodies are mostly generated using the phage display method(in vitro)or by transgenic mice(in vivo);other methods include B lymphocyte immortalization,human–human hybridoma,and single-cell polymerase chain reaction.Here,we describe a structure-based computer-aided de novo design technology for human antibody generation.Based on the complex structure of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)/Herceptin,we first designed six short peptides targeting the potential epitope of HER2 recognized by Herceptin.Next,these peptides were set as complementarity determining regions in a suitable immunoglobulin frame,giving birth to a novel anti-HER2 antibody named "HF,"which possessed higher affinity and more effective anti-tumor activity than Herceptin.Our work offers a useful tool for the quick design and selection of novel human antibodies for basic mechanical research as well as for imaging and clinical applications in immune-related diseases,such as cancer and infectious diseases.
文摘Because of the powerful mapping ability, back propagation neural network (BP-NN) has been employed in computer-aided product design (CAPD) to establish the property prediction model. The backward problem in CAPD is to search for the appropriate structure or composition of the product with desired property, which is an optimization problem. In this paper, a global optimization method of using the a BB algorithm to solve the backward problem is presented. In particular, a convex lower bounding function is constructed for the objective function formulated with BP-NN model, and the calculation of the key parameter a is implemented by recurring to the interval Hessian matrix of the objective function. Two case studies involving the design of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano composites are investigated using the proposed method.
基金partialy supported by Nanchang University, under Research Grant 9166-2701010119
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) technologies have attracted great interest due to their capability of generating electricity directly from sunlight. Machine learning(ML) is a technique for computer to learn how to perform a specific task using known data. It can be used in many areas and has become a hot research topic recently due to the rapid accumulation of data and advancement of computer hardware. The application of ML techniques in the design and fabrication of solar cells started slowly but has recently gained tremendous momentum. An exhaustive compilation of the literatures indicates that all the major aspects in the research and development of solar cells can be effectively assisted by ML techniques. If combined with other tools and fed with additional theoretical and experimental data, more accurate and robust results can be achieved from ML techniques. The aspects can be grouped into four categories:prediction of material properties,optimization of device structures, optimization of fabrication processes, and reconstruction of measurement data. A statistical analysis of the literatures shows that artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) are the two most applied ML techniques and the topics in the optimization of device structures and optimization of fabrication processes are more popular.This article can be used as a reference by all PV researchers who are interested in ML techniques.
基金supported by Science Foundation Ireland(No.15/RP/B3208)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51320105009&61635008)the‘111’Project by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs and the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.B07014).
文摘Microcutting is a precision technology that offers flexible fabrication of microfeatures or complex three-dimensional components with high machining accuracy and superior surface quality.This technology may offer great potential as well as advantageous process capabilities for the machining of hard-to-cut materials,such as tungsten carbide.The geometrical design and dimension of the tool cutting edge is a key factor that determines the size and form accuracy possible in the machined workpiece.Currently,the majority of commercial microtools are scaled-down versions of conventional macrotool designs.This approach does not impart optimal performance due to size effects and associated phenomena.Consequently,in-depth analysis and implementation of microcutting mechanics and fundamentals are required to enable successful industrial adaptation in microtool design and fabrication methods.This paper serves as a review of recent microtool designs,materials,and fabrication methods.Analysis of tool performance is discussed,and new approaches and techniques are examined.Of particular focus is tool wear suppression in the machining of hard materials and associated process parameters,including internal cooling and surface patterning techniques.The review concludes with suggestions for an integrated design and fabrication process chain which can aid industrial microtool manufacture.
文摘The curriculum“Woven Fabric Structure Design and Application”is the core curriculum of textile majors in higher vocational colleges,which plays a very important role in the cultivation of students’vocational ability and professional quality.The curriculum reform of“Woven Fabric Structure Design and Application”through the deep cooperation of industry-college partnerships,the comprehensive analysis of the major training objectives and graduation requirements,the redesign of the curriculum teaching content,the improvement of the teaching method and the examination method,has achieved good results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61274046,61201103,61335009 and61320106013the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013AA014202
文摘A four-channel 400 GHz channel spacing InP-based arrayed waveguide grating with a flattened wavelength re- sponse by employing a multimode interference coupler at the input waveguide of the filter is prepared. The fabricated devices show a flattened spectral response with a broadened 3-dB bandwidth up to 3.5 nm, interchan- nel non-uniformity of 〈0. 7dB and excellent match to the simulation results.
文摘Two room temperature quarter wave resonator（QWR）buncher cavities with frequency of 162.5 MHz havebeen designed as parts of the medium energy beam transport line（MEBT1）for injectorⅡin China AcceleratorDriven Sub-critical System (C-ADS) project in order to focus the beam longitudinally, thus keeping the bunchlength and matching the beam to the acceptance of the superconducting linac.Buncher is one of major equipments in MEBT1. Fig. 1 shows the layout of the MEBT1. Its structure directlyaffects the performance of MEBT1. Buncher cavity takes an open-ended quarter-wavelength coaxial line cylindertype structure, the mechanical design of buncher cavity was done according to the physical design, adequate considerationought to be given to the factors of electromagnetic field distribution, power coupling, frequency tuning,cavity cooling and manufacturing, and so on.
文摘The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography—the device for investigating the structure and construction of three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on the basis of shadow projections. This article provides basic information regarding CAD of X-ray microtomography and a scheme consisting of three levels. The article also shows basic relations of X-ray computed tomography, the generalized scheme of an X-ray microtomographic scanner. The methods of X-ray imaging of the spatial microstructure and morphometry of materials are described. The main characteristics of an X-ray microtomographic scanner, the X-ray source, X-ray optical elements and mechanical components of the positioning system are shown. The block scheme and software functional scheme for intelligent neural network system of analysis of the internal microstructure of objects are presented. The method of choice of design parameters of CAD of X-ray microtomography aims at improving the quality of design and reducing costs of it. It is supposed to reduce the design time and eliminate the growing number of engineers involved in development and construction of X-ray microtomographic scanners.
文摘This paper presents the work implemented in designing, fabricating and operating a model of a cheap hydraulic DDM （deep drawing machine）, which is currently utilized in the manufacturing processes lab in the IED （Industrial Engineering Department） at An-Najah National University. The machine is used to conduct different experiments related to the deep drawing process. This work was implemented in three stages： the first was the design stage, in which all design calculations of the DDM elements were completed based on the specifications of the product （cup） to be drawn; the second was the construction stage, in which the DDM elements were fabricated and assembled at the engineering workshops of the university; the last was the operating and experimentation stage, in which the DDM was tested by conducting different experiments. The experience gained from designing and constructing such a mechanical lab equipment was found to be successful in terms of obtaining practical results that agree with those available in literature, cost-effective relative to the cost of a similar purchased equipment, as well as enhancing students＇ abilities in understanding the deep drawing process in particular and machine elements design concepts in general.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Project,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,clinical study on the effect of modified Bu yang Huan wu decoction combined with early anticoagulant intervention on the prevention of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis syndrome(CI2021A01905)。
文摘Diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)often evolves into chronic wounds that resist healing over an extended period,sometimes necessitating amputation in severe cases.Traditional wound management approaches generally fail to control these chronic sores successfully.Thus,it arouses a huge demand in clinic for a novel wound dressing to treat DFU effectively.Hydrogel as an ideal delivery system exhibits excellent loading capacity and sustainable release behavior.It also boasts tunable physical and chemical properties adaptable to diverse biomedical scenarios,making it a suitable material for fabricating functional wound dressings to treat DFU.The hydrogel dressings are classified into hemostatic,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,and healing-promoting hydrogel dressings by associating the pathogenesis of DFU in this paper.The design and fabrication strategies for the dressings,as well as their therapeutic effects in treating DFU,are extensively reviewed.Additionally,this paper highlights future perspectives of multifunctional hydrogel dressings in DFU treatment.This review aims to provide valuable references for material scientists to design and develop hydrogel wound dressings with enhanced capabilities for DFU treatment,and to further translate them intothe clinic inthefuture.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1205103 to Jian Zhang)the Key Research and Construction Programs of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2022BEG01002 to Jian Zhang,China)+3 种基金the Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study(SN-ZJU-SIAS-007 to Jian Zhang,China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22237005 and 81925034 to Jian Zhang)the open fund of state key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Nanjing University(KF-202201 to Jian Zhang,China)the open fund of Basic Science Research Center Base(Pharmaceutical Science Y202203 to Xiuyan Yang,China).
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.At initial diagnosis,approximately 20%of patients are diagnosed with metastatic CRC(mCRC).Although the APC-Asef interaction is a well-established target for mCRC therapy,the discovery and development of effective and safe drugs for mCRC patients remains an urgent and challenging endeavor.In this study,we identified a novel structural scaffold based on MAI inhibitors,the first-in-class APC-Asef inhibitors we reported previously.ONIOM model-driven optimizations of the N-terminal cap and experimental evaluations of inhibitory activity were performed,and 24-fold greater potency was obtained with the best inhibitor compared to the parental compound.In addition,the cocrystal structure validated that the two-layerπ-πstacking interactions were essential for inhibitor stabilization in the bound state.Furthermore,in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that novel inhibitors suppressed lung metastasis in CRC by disrupting the APC-Asef interaction.These results provide an intrinsic structural basis to further explore drug-like molecules for APC-Asef-mediated CRC therapy.
