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Blockchain Consistency Check Protocol for Improved Reliability 被引量:2
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作者 Mohammed Alwabel Youngmi Kwon 《Computer Systems Science & Engineering》 SCIE EI 2021年第2期281-292,共12页
Blockchain is a technology that provides security features that can be used for more than just cryptocurrencies.Blockchain achieves security by saving the information of one block in the next block.Changing the inform... Blockchain is a technology that provides security features that can be used for more than just cryptocurrencies.Blockchain achieves security by saving the information of one block in the next block.Changing the information of one block will require changes to all the next block in order for that change to take effect.Which makes it unfeasible for such an attack to happen.However,the structure of how blockchain works makes the last block always vulnerable for attacks,given that its information is not saved yet in any block.This allows malicious node to change the information of the last block and generate a new block and broadcast it to the network.Given that the nodes always follow the longer chain wins rule,the malicious node will win given that it has the longest chain in the network.This paper suggests a solution to this issue by making the nodes send consistency check messages before broadcasting a block.If the nodes manage to successfully verify that the node that generated a new block hasn’t tampered with the blockchain than that block will be broadcasted.The results of the simulation show suggested protocol provided better security compared to the regular blockchain. 展开更多
关键词 Blockchain SECURITY forking blockchain consistency check(BCC) PROTOCOL
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Global consistency check of AIRS and IASI total CO2 column concentrations using WDCGG ground-based measurements 被引量:5
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作者 Anyuan DIAO Jiong SHU +1 位作者 Ci SONG Wei GAO 《Frontiers of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期1-10,共10页
This article describes a global consistency check of CO2 satellite retrieval products from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) using statistical analysis... This article describes a global consistency check of CO2 satellite retrieval products from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) using statistical analysis and data from the World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG). We use the correlation coefficient (r), relative difference (RD), root mean square errors (RMSE), and mean bias error (MBE) as evaluation indicators for this study. Statistical results show that a linear positive correlation between AIRS/IASI and WDCGG data occurs for most regions around the world. Temporal and spatial variations of these statistical quantities reflect obvious differences between satellite-derived and ground-based data based on geographic position, especially for stations near areas of intense human activities in the Northern Hemisphere. It is noteworthy that there appears to be a very weak correlation between AIRS/IASI data and ten ground- based observation stations in Europe, Asia, and North America. These results indicate that retrieval products from the two satellite-based instruments studied should be used with great caution. 展开更多
关键词 CO2 consistency check AIRS IASI WDCGG
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A Stronger Uniform Consistency Check and Adjustment Method
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作者 LI Ji-qianInstitute of Operations Research, Qufu Normal University, 273165, China 《Systems Science and Systems Engineering》 CSCD 2002年第4期494-497,共4页
When vectors of a judgement matrix is arranged according to their weight in AHP, uniform consistency is always required and the check criterion is uniform check. In this paper, a stronger uniform consistency check is ... When vectors of a judgement matrix is arranged according to their weight in AHP, uniform consistency is always required and the check criterion is uniform check. In this paper, a stronger uniform consistency check is introduced which can obtain a exact and practical effect by making an adjust to any non-satisfying uniforming matrix. 展开更多
关键词 AHP adjustment method uniform consistency check
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New Method for Constructing Comparison Matrix Based on the Proportion Scales in the AHP 被引量:3
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作者 Huang Decai & Shen Liangzhong College of Informaton Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2003年第3期8-13,共6页
The main faults existing in current scale methods are that the scales do not represent the real importance of alternatives and their relations. This paper presents a proportion judgment scale and introduces a new meth... The main faults existing in current scale methods are that the scales do not represent the real importance of alternatives and their relations. This paper presents a proportion judgment scale and introduces a new method based on the proportion scale for construction comparison matrix in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proportion judgment scales do not have the faults existing in current scale methods and the comparison matrix constructed by the new scale 展开更多
关键词 AHP Judgment scales Comparison matrix consistency checking.
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The Complexity of Checking Consistency of Pedigree Information and Related Problems 被引量:1
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作者 LucaAceto JensA.Hansen +2 位作者 AnnaIngdlfsddttir JacobJohnsen JohnKnudsen 《Journal of Computer Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2004年第1期42-59,共18页
Consistency checking is a fundamental computational problem in genetics.Given a pedigree and information on the genotypes (of some) of the individuals in it, the aim ofconsistency checking is to determine whether thes... Consistency checking is a fundamental computational problem in genetics.Given a pedigree and information on the genotypes (of some) of the individuals in it, the aim ofconsistency checking is to determine whether these data are consistent with the classic Mendelianlaws of inheritance. This problem arose originally from the geneticists'' need to filter their inputdata from erroneous information, and is well motivated from both a biological and a sociologicalviewpoint. This paper shows that consistency checking is NP-complete, even with focus on a singlegene and in the presence of three alleles. Several other results on the computational complexity ofproblems from genetics that are related to consistency checking are also offered. In particular, itis shown that checking the consistency of pedigrees over two alleles, and of pedigrees withoutloops, can be done in polynomial time. 展开更多
关键词 consistency checking PEDIGREES GENOTYPES NP-COMPLETENESS SATISFIABILITY polynomial time complexity critical genotypes
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Checking Causal Consistency of MongoDB
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作者 Hong-Rong Ouyang Heng-Feng Wei +2 位作者 Hai-Xiang Li An-Qun Pan Yu Huang 《Journal of Computer Science & Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第1期128-146,共19页
MongoDB is one of the first commercial distributed databases that support causal consistency.Its implementation of causal consistency combines several research ideas for achieving scalability,fault tolerance,and secur... MongoDB is one of the first commercial distributed databases that support causal consistency.Its implementation of causal consistency combines several research ideas for achieving scalability,fault tolerance,and security.Given its inherent complexity,a natural question arises:"Has MongoDB correctly implemented causal consistency as it claimed?"To address this concern,the Jepsen team has conducted black-box testing of MongoDB.However,this Jepsen testing has several drawbacks in terms of specification,test case generation,implementation of causal consistency checking algorithms,and testing scenarios,which undermine the credibility of its reports.In this work,we propose a more thorough design of Jepsen testing of causal consistency of MongoDB.Specifically,we fully implement the causal consistency checking algorithms proposed by Bouajjani et al.and test MongoDB against three well-known variants of causal consistency,namely CC,CCv,and CM,under various scenarios including node failures,data movement,and network partitions.In addition,we develop formal specifications of causal consistency and their checking algorithms in TLA^(+),and verify them using the TLC model checker.We also explain how TLA^(+) specification can be related to Jepsen testing. 展开更多
关键词 MONGODB casual consistency Jepsen consistency checking TLA^(+)
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Testability evaluation using prior information of multiple sources 被引量:10
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作者 Wang Chao Qiu Jing +1 位作者 Liu Guanjun Zhang Yong 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第4期867-874,共8页
Testability plays an important role in improving the readiness and decreasing the lifecycle cost of equipment. Testability demonstration and evaluation is of significance in measuring such testability indexes as fault... Testability plays an important role in improving the readiness and decreasing the lifecycle cost of equipment. Testability demonstration and evaluation is of significance in measuring such testability indexes as fault detection rate(FDR) and fault isolation rate(FIR), which is useful to the producer in mastering the testability level and improving the testability design, and helpful to the consumer in making purchase decisions. Aiming at the problems with a small sample of testability demonstration test data(TDTD) such as low evaluation confidence and inaccurate result, a testability evaluation method is proposed based on the prior information of multiple sources and Bayes theory. Firstly, the types of prior information are analyzed. The maximum entropy method is applied to the prior information with the mean and interval estimate forms on the testability index to obtain the parameters of prior probability density function(PDF), and the empirical Bayesian method is used to get the parameters for the prior information with a success-fail form. Then, a parametrical data consistency check method is used to check the compatibility between all the sources of prior information and TDTD. For the prior information to pass the check, the prior credibility is calculated. A mixed prior distribution is formed based on the prior PDFs and the corresponding credibility. The Bayesian posterior distribution model is acquired with the mixed prior distribution and TDTD, based on which the point and interval estimates are calculated.Finally, examples of a flying control system are used to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective. 展开更多
关键词 Bayes theory consistency check Multiple sources Prior credibility Prior information Testability evaluation
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An algebraic approach to revising propositional rule-based knowledge bases 被引量:1
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作者 LUAN ShangMin DAI GuoZhong 《Science in China(Series F)》 2008年第3期240-257,共18页
One of the important topics in knowledge base revision is to introduce an efficient implementation algorithm. Algebraic approaches have good characteristics and implementation method; they may be a choice to solve the... One of the important topics in knowledge base revision is to introduce an efficient implementation algorithm. Algebraic approaches have good characteristics and implementation method; they may be a choice to solve the problem. An algebraic approach is presented to revise propositional rule-based knowledge bases in this paper. A way is firstly introduced to transform a propositional rule-based knowledge base into a Petri net. A knowledge base is represented by a Petri net, and facts are represented by the initial marking. Thus, the consistency check of a knowledge base is equivalent to the reachability problem of Petri nets. The reachability of Petri nets can be decided by whether the state equation has a solution; hence the consistency check can also be implemented by algebraic approach. Furthermore, algorithms are introduced to revise a propositional rule-based knowledge base, as well as extended logic programming. Compared with related works, the algorithms presented in the paper are efficient, and the time complexities of these algorithms are polynomial. 展开更多
关键词 knowledge base revision consistency check rule-based knowledge base Petri net
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A New Algorithm on Sequencing the Importance of Alln Alternatives to an Upper-Level Attribute in AHP
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作者 HUANG Decai(Information Engineering Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, HangZhou 310014) 《Systems Science and Systems Engineering》 CSCD 1998年第4期411-416,共6页
The problem of sequencing the importance degree of all n alternatives to an upper-levelattribute in terms of a given criterion scales is very important and basic in the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). It needs a give... The problem of sequencing the importance degree of all n alternatives to an upper-levelattribute in terms of a given criterion scales is very important and basic in the analytic hierarchy process(AHP). It needs a given criterion scales to get a paired comparison matrix which must be consistency,then obtain the importance weight of each alternative based on the matrix. In practical applicationhowever, the paired comparison matrix is usually inconsistency. In this paper, a completely new methodis presented on sequencing the alternatives in AHP, It does not need a given criterion scales and thepaired comparison matrix and can directly obtain the importance weight of each alternative. It notonly keeps the real transitivity among the alternatives, but also keeps the relative importance betweenarbitrary near two alternatives in the ranked sequence. Finally, two illustrating examples are given. 展开更多
关键词 AHP linear equations consistency checking
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