Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammato ry reactions.Neutrophil extracellu...Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammato ry reactions.Neutrophil extracellular trap formation occurs through lytic and non-lytic pathways that can be further classified by formation mechanisms.Histones,von Willebrand factor,fibrin,and many other factors participate in the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis.Neuroimmunothrombosis summarizes the intricate interplay between inflammation and thrombosis during neural development and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,providing cutting-edge insights into post-neurotrauma thrombotic events.The blood-brain barrier defends the brain and spinal cord against external assaults,and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis contributes substantially to secondary injuries in neurological diseases.Further research is needed to understand how neutrophil extracellular traps promote blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis,but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in immunothrombosis,and identified modulators of neuro-immunothrombosis.However,these neurological diseases occur in blood vessels,and the mechanisms are unclear by which neutrophil extracellular traps penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in immunothrombosis in traumatic brain injury.This review discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in neuro-immunothrombosis and explores potential therapeutic interventions to modulate neutrophil extracellular traps that may reduce immunothrombosis and improve traumatic brain injury outcomes.展开更多
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease whose main features include chronic synovial inflammation,bone destruction,and joint degeneration.Neutrophils are often considered to be the first responders t...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease whose main features include chronic synovial inflammation,bone destruction,and joint degeneration.Neutrophils are often considered to be the first responders to inflammation and are a key presence in the inflammatory milieu of RA.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a meshwork of DNA-histone complexes and proteins released by activated neutrophils,are widely involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases,especially RA,in addition to playing a key role in the neutrophil innate immune response.NETs have been found to be an important source of citrullinated autoantigen antibodies and inflammatory factor release,which can activate RA synovial fibroblasts(FLS)and cause joint damage.This article reviews the role of NETs in the pathophysiology of RA,demonstrating the application of multiple molecules with various therapies,with a view to informing the discovery and development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RA.展开更多
Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) composed of magnetic fields and light fields have been widely utilized to cool andconfine microscopic particles. Practical technology applications require miniaturized MOTs. The advancemen...Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) composed of magnetic fields and light fields have been widely utilized to cool andconfine microscopic particles. Practical technology applications require miniaturized MOTs. The advancement of planaroptics has promoted the development of compact MOTs. In this article, we review the development of compact MOTs basedon planar optics. First, we introduce the standardMOTs. We then introduce the gratingMOTs with micron structures, whichhave been used to build cold atomic clocks, cold atomic interferometers, and ultra-cold sources. Further, we introducethe integrated MOTs based on nano-scale metasurfaces. These new compact MOTs greatly reduce volume and powerconsumption, and provide new opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications.展开更多
Tumor-promoting niche after incomplete surgery resection(SR)can lead to more aggressive local progression and distant metastasis with augmented angiogenesis-immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Herein,elevate...Tumor-promoting niche after incomplete surgery resection(SR)can lead to more aggressive local progression and distant metastasis with augmented angiogenesis-immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Herein,elevated neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)and cancer-associated neurotransmitters(CANTs,e.g.,catecholamines)are firstly identified as two of the dominant inducements.Further,an injectable fibrin-alginate hydrogel with high tissue adhesion has been constructed to specifically co-deliver NETs inhibitor(DNase I)-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles and an unselectiveβ-adrenergic receptor blocker(propranolol).The two components(i.e.,fibrin and alginate)can respond to two triggers(thrombin and Ca2+,respectively)in postoperative bleeding to gelate,shaping into an interpenetrating network(IPN)featuring high strength.The continuous release of DNase I and PR can wreck NETs and antagonize catecholamines to decrease microvessel density,blockade myeloid-derived suppressor cells,secrete various proinflammatory cytokines,potentiate natural killer cell function and hamper cytotoxic T cell exhaustion.The reprogrammed TME significantly suppress locally residual and distant tumors,induce strong immune memory effects and thus inhibit lung metastasis.Thus,targetedly degrading NETs and blocking CANTs enabled by this in-situ IPN-based hydrogel drug depot provides a simple and efficient approach against SR-induced cancer recurrence and metastasis.展开更多
Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential s...Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential somatic cell count(DSCC)could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy cows.This work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Results:Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were selected.The serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre-and postpartum,and milk was sampled at week 1 postpartum.Based on the DSCC in milk at week 1,cows with lower(7.4%±4.07%,n=15)and higher(83.3%±1.21%,n=15)DSCCs were selected.High DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts(P<0.05),hemoglobin(P=0.07),and hematocrit(P=0.05),higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables[reactive oxygen species(P<0.05),malondialdehyde(P<0.05),protein carbonyl(P<0.05),and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(P=0.07)],higher levels of serum and milk NETs(P<0.05)and blood-milk barrier indicators,including serumβ-casein(P=0.05)and milk immunoglobulin G2(P=0.09),than those of low DSCC cows.In addition,lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites(cholesterol and albumin)(P<0.05)and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I(P=0.09)were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC cows.Among the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters(NETs,deoxyribonuclease I andβ-casein),the area under the curve(0.973)of NETs was the highest.In addition,the sensitivity(1.00)and specificity(0.93)were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL(P<0.05).Conclusions:The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for mastitis in postpartum cows.展开更多
Objective The hypersensitivity of the kidney makes it susceptible to hypoxia injury.The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)in renal injury resulting from hypobaric hypoxia(HH)has not been reported.In t...Objective The hypersensitivity of the kidney makes it susceptible to hypoxia injury.The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)in renal injury resulting from hypobaric hypoxia(HH)has not been reported.In this study,we aimed to investigate the expression of NETs in renal injury induced by HH and the possible underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 24 SD male rats were divided into three groups(n=8 each):normal control group,hypoxia group and hypoxia+pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)group.Rats in hypoxia group and hypoxia+PDTC group were placed in animal chambers with HH which was caused by simulating the altitude at 7000 meters(oxygen partial pressure about 6.9 kPa)for 7 days.PDTC was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily for 7 days.Pathological changes of the rat renal tissues were observed under a light microscope;the levels of serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),cell-free DNA(cf-DNA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)were measured;the expression levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),citrullinated histone H3(cit-H3),B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bax,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)in rat renal tissues were detected by qRT-qPCR and Western blotting;the localization of NF-κB p65 expression in rat renal tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the expression changes of NETs in rat renal tissues were detected by multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemical staining.Results After hypoxia,the expression of NF-κB protein in renal tissues was significantly increased,the levels of SCr,BUN,cf-DNA and ROS in serum were significantly increased,the formation of NETs in renal tissues was significantly increased,and a large number of tubular dilatation and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in renal tissues.When PDTC was used to inhibit NF-κB activation,NETs formation in renal tissue was significantly decreased,the expression level of Bcl-2 in renal tissues was significantly increased,the expression level of Bax was significantly decreased,and renal injury was significantly alleviated.Conclusion HH induces the formation of NETs through the NF-κB signaling pathway,and it promotes apoptosis and aggravates renal injury by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing Bax expression.展开更多
Emission and capture characteristics of a deep hole trap(H1)in n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)have been investigated by optical deep level transient spectroscopy(ODLTS).Activation energy(Eemi)and capture cross-sec...Emission and capture characteristics of a deep hole trap(H1)in n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)have been investigated by optical deep level transient spectroscopy(ODLTS).Activation energy(Eemi)and capture cross-section(σ_(p))of H1 are determined to be 0.75 eV and 4.67×10^(−15)cm^(2),respectively.Distribution of apparent trap concentration in space charge region is demonstrated.Temperature-enhanced emission process is revealed by decrease of emission time constant.Electricfield-boosted trap emission kinetics are analyzed by the Poole−Frenkel emission(PFE)model.In addition,H1 shows point defect capture properties and temperature-enhanced capture kinetics.Taking both hole capture and emission processes into account during laser beam incidence,H1 features a trap concentration of 2.67×10^(15)cm^(−3).The method and obtained results may facilitate understanding of minority carrier trap properties in wide bandgap semiconductor material and can be applied for device reliability assessment.展开更多
Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching applications.Being still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require car...Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching applications.Being still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their development.In this work,we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs(TMOS’s)provided by TCAD simulations,enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization approaches.Specifically,two different TMOS devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis(H)and subthreshold slope(SS),showing a≈75%H reduction along with a≈30%SS decrease.Simulations allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps,respectively.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out,allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.展开更多
The Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) double perovskite is one of the most promising lead-free perovskites due to its exceptional stability and straightforward synthesis.However,it faces challenges related to inefficient photoluminesc...The Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) double perovskite is one of the most promising lead-free perovskites due to its exceptional stability and straightforward synthesis.However,it faces challenges related to inefficient photoluminescence.Doping and high pressure are employed to tailor the optical properties of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Herein,Sb^(3+)doped Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)(Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)) was synthesized and it exhibits blue emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 37.3%.Further,by employing pressure tuning,a blue stable emission under a very wide range from 2.7 GPa to 9.8 GPa is realized in Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Subsequently,the emission intensity of Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) experiences a significant increase(3.3 times)at 19.0 GPa.It is revealed that the pressure-induced distinct emissions can be attributed to the carrier self-trapping and detrapping between Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) and Sb^(3+).Notably,the lattice compression in the cubic phase inevitably modifies the band gap of Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Our findings provide valuable insights into effects of the high pressure in further boosting unique emission characteristics but also offer promising opportunities for development of doped double perovskites with enhanced optical functionalities.展开更多
We have experimentally achieved the all-optical trapping of a ^(40)Ca^(+)ion.An optical dipole trap was established using a high-power,far-detuned,tightly focused laser with a wavelength of 532 nm.The single ^(40)Ca^(...We have experimentally achieved the all-optical trapping of a ^(40)Ca^(+)ion.An optical dipole trap was established using a high-power,far-detuned,tightly focused laser with a wavelength of 532 nm.The single ^(40)Ca^(+)ion was trapped without any RF fields and demonstrated a long lifetime of over 3 s.In this experiment,we implemented several measures to improve the optical trapping probability,including focusing the dipole beam waist near the diffraction limit,precisely compensating for stray electric fields,and mitigating electron shelving in metastable states.The optical trapping of a ^(40)Ca^(+)ion eliminates the influence of micromotion induced by RF fields,potentially paving the way for development of all-optical trapping ion optical clocks.展开更多
We systemically investigate optical trapping capability of a kind of tornado waves on Rayleigh particles.Such tornado waves are named as tornado circular Pearcey beams(TCPBs)and produced by combining two circular Pear...We systemically investigate optical trapping capability of a kind of tornado waves on Rayleigh particles.Such tornado waves are named as tornado circular Pearcey beams(TCPBs)and produced by combining two circular Pearcey beams with different radii.Our theoretical exploration delves into various aspects,including the propagation dynamics,energy flux,orbital angular momentum,trapping force,and torque characteristics of TCPBs.The results reveal that the orbital angular momentum,trapping force,and torque of these beams can be finely tuned through the judicious manipulation of their topological charges(l_(1)and l_(2)).Notably,we observe a precise control mechanism wherein the force diminishes with|l_(1)+l_(2)|and|l_(1)-l_(2)|,while the torque exhibits enhancement by decreasing solely with|l_(1)+l_(2)|or increasing with|l_(1)-l_(2)|.These results not only provide quantitative insights into the optical trapping performance of TCPBs but also serve as a valuable reference for the ongoing development of innovative photonic tools.展开更多
We report a detailed study of magnetically levitated loading of ultracold ^(133)Cs atoms in a dimple trap.The atomic sample was produced in a combined red-detuned optical dipole trap and dimple trap formed by two smal...We report a detailed study of magnetically levitated loading of ultracold ^(133)Cs atoms in a dimple trap.The atomic sample was produced in a combined red-detuned optical dipole trap and dimple trap formed by two small waist beams crossing a horizontal plane.The magnetic levitation for the ^(133)Cs atoms forms an effective potential for a large number of atoms in a high spatial density.Dependence of the number of atoms loaded and trapped in the dimple trap on the magnetic field gradient and bias field is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.This method has been widely used to obtain the Bose–Einstein condensation atoms for many atomic species.展开更多
The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique re...The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique relies on applying a bias magnetic field precisely parallel to the wave vector of a circularly polarized trapping laser field. However, due to the presence of the vector light shift experienced by the trapped atoms, it is challenging to precisely define a parallel magnetic field, especially at a low bias magnetic field strength, for the magic-intensity trapping of85Rb qubits. In this work, we present a method to calibrate the angle between the bias magnetic field and the trapping laser field with the compensating magnetic fields in the other two directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction. Experimentally, with a constantdepth trap and a fixed bias magnetic field, we measure the respective resonant frequencies of the atomic qubits in a linearly polarized trap and a circularly polarized one via the conventional microwave Rabi spectra with different compensating magnetic fields and obtain the corresponding total magnetic fields via the respective resonant frequencies using the Breit–Rabi formula. With known total magnetic fields, the angle is a function of the other two compensating magnetic fields.Finally, the projection value of the angle on either of the directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction can be reduced to 0(4)° by applying specific compensating magnetic fields. The measurement error is mainly attributed to the fluctuation of atomic temperature. Moreover, it also demonstrates that, even for a small angle, the effect is strong enough to cause large decoherence of Rabi oscillation in a magic-intensity trap. Although the compensation method demonstrated here is explored for the magic-intensity trapping technique, it can be applied to a variety of similar precision measurements with trapped neutral atoms.展开更多
The four-color three-step selective photoionization process of atom is very important in laser isotope separation technology.The population trapping phenomena and their influences are studied theoretically in monochro...The four-color three-step selective photoionization process of atom is very important in laser isotope separation technology.The population trapping phenomena and their influences are studied theoretically in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields based on the density matrix theory in this work.Time evolutions of the photoionization properties of the four-color,three-step process are given.The population trapping effects occur intensely in monochromatic excitation,while it gradually turns weak as the laser bandwidth increases.The effects of bandwidth,Rabi frequency,time delay,and frequency detuning on the population trapping effect are investigated in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields.The effects of laser process parameters and atomic parameters on the effective selective photoionization are also discussed.The ionization probability and selectivity factors,as evaluation indexes,are difficult to improve synchronously by adjusting systematic parameters.Besides,the existence of metastable state may play a negative role when its population is low enough.展开更多
We study the dynamical evolution of cold atoms in crossed optical dipole trap theoretically and experimentally. The atomic transport process is accompanied by two competitive kinds of physical mechanics, atomic loadin...We study the dynamical evolution of cold atoms in crossed optical dipole trap theoretically and experimentally. The atomic transport process is accompanied by two competitive kinds of physical mechanics, atomic loading and atomic loss.The loading process normally is negligible in the evaporative cooling experiment on the ground, while it is significant in preparation of ultra-cold atoms in the space station. Normally, the atomic loading process is much weaker than the atomic loss process, and the atomic number in the central region of the trap decreases monotonically, as reported in previous research. However, when the atomic loading process is comparable to the atomic loss process, the atomic number in the central region of the trap will initially increase to a maximum value and then slowly decrease, and we have observed the phenomenon first. The increase of atomic number in the central region of the trap shows the presence of the loading process, and this will be significant especially under microgravity conditions. We build a theoretical model to analyze the competitive relationship, which coincides with the experimental results well. Furthermore, we have also given the predicted evolutionary behaviors under different conditions. This research provides a solid foundation for further understanding of the atomic transport process in traps. The analysis of loading process is of significant importance for preparation of ultra-cold atoms in a crossed optical dipole trap under microgravity conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271399(to XC)the Project of Tianjin Applied Basic and Multiple Support Research,No.21JCZDJC00910(to XC)+4 种基金the Scientific Research Program of Tianjin Education Commission(Natural Science)of China,No.2019ZD034(to QD)the Science&Technology Program of Tianjin for Cultivation of Innovative Talents,No.22JRRCRC00020(to QD)the Tianjin Medical University"Clinical Talent Training 123 Climbing Plan"(to XC)the Tianjin Health Care Elite Prominent Young Doctor Development Program(to XC)the Young and Middle-aged Backbone Innovative Talent Program(to XC)。
文摘Neutrophil extracellular traps are primarily composed of DNA and histones and are released by neutrophils to promote inflammation and thrombosis when stimulated by various inflammato ry reactions.Neutrophil extracellular trap formation occurs through lytic and non-lytic pathways that can be further classified by formation mechanisms.Histones,von Willebrand factor,fibrin,and many other factors participate in the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis.Neuroimmunothrombosis summarizes the intricate interplay between inflammation and thrombosis during neural development and the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,providing cutting-edge insights into post-neurotrauma thrombotic events.The blood-brain barrier defends the brain and spinal cord against external assaults,and neutrophil extracellular trap involvement in blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis contributes substantially to secondary injuries in neurological diseases.Further research is needed to understand how neutrophil extracellular traps promote blood-brain barrier disruption and immunothrombosis,but recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in immunothrombosis,and identified modulators of neuro-immunothrombosis.However,these neurological diseases occur in blood vessels,and the mechanisms are unclear by which neutrophil extracellular traps penetrate the blood-brain barrier to participate in immunothrombosis in traumatic brain injury.This review discusses the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in neuro-immunothrombosis and explores potential therapeutic interventions to modulate neutrophil extracellular traps that may reduce immunothrombosis and improve traumatic brain injury outcomes.
基金supported by grants from the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Project Fund(Development and Reform Office[2022]366)National Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Traditional Chinese Medicine[2023]No.85)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology National Key Research and Development Program Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Key Project(2018YFC1705204)National Nature Fund Program(82074373,82274490,82205090)Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Applied Basis and Development of Internal Medicine of Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine(2016080503B041).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a prevalent autoimmune disease whose main features include chronic synovial inflammation,bone destruction,and joint degeneration.Neutrophils are often considered to be the first responders to inflammation and are a key presence in the inflammatory milieu of RA.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a meshwork of DNA-histone complexes and proteins released by activated neutrophils,are widely involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases,especially RA,in addition to playing a key role in the neutrophil innate immune response.NETs have been found to be an important source of citrullinated autoantigen antibodies and inflammatory factor release,which can activate RA synovial fibroblasts(FLS)and cause joint damage.This article reviews the role of NETs in the pathophysiology of RA,demonstrating the application of multiple molecules with various therapies,with a view to informing the discovery and development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RA.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1404104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025509 and 12104521)Fundamental Research Project of Shenzhen(Grant No.JCYJ20230808105009018).
文摘Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) composed of magnetic fields and light fields have been widely utilized to cool andconfine microscopic particles. Practical technology applications require miniaturized MOTs. The advancement of planaroptics has promoted the development of compact MOTs. In this article, we review the development of compact MOTs basedon planar optics. First, we introduce the standardMOTs. We then introduce the gratingMOTs with micron structures, whichhave been used to build cold atomic clocks, cold atomic interferometers, and ultra-cold sources. Further, we introducethe integrated MOTs based on nano-scale metasurfaces. These new compact MOTs greatly reduce volume and powerconsumption, and provide new opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth Scholars(Grant No.82022033,82202241)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.LBH-Z21022),China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022MD713749)Sichuan Provincial Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(24NSFJQ0038).
文摘Tumor-promoting niche after incomplete surgery resection(SR)can lead to more aggressive local progression and distant metastasis with augmented angiogenesis-immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Herein,elevated neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)and cancer-associated neurotransmitters(CANTs,e.g.,catecholamines)are firstly identified as two of the dominant inducements.Further,an injectable fibrin-alginate hydrogel with high tissue adhesion has been constructed to specifically co-deliver NETs inhibitor(DNase I)-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles and an unselectiveβ-adrenergic receptor blocker(propranolol).The two components(i.e.,fibrin and alginate)can respond to two triggers(thrombin and Ca2+,respectively)in postoperative bleeding to gelate,shaping into an interpenetrating network(IPN)featuring high strength.The continuous release of DNase I and PR can wreck NETs and antagonize catecholamines to decrease microvessel density,blockade myeloid-derived suppressor cells,secrete various proinflammatory cytokines,potentiate natural killer cell function and hamper cytotoxic T cell exhaustion.The reprogrammed TME significantly suppress locally residual and distant tumors,induce strong immune memory effects and thus inhibit lung metastasis.Thus,targetedly degrading NETs and blocking CANTs enabled by this in-situ IPN-based hydrogel drug depot provides a simple and efficient approach against SR-induced cancer recurrence and metastasis.
基金financially supported by grants from the China-USA Intergovernmental Collaborative Project in S&T Innovation under the National Key R&D Program (No.2018YFE0111700,Beijing)。
文摘Background:Mammary health is important for transition dairy cows and has been well recognized to exert decisive effects on animal welfare.However,the factors influencing mammary health are still unclear.Differential somatic cell count(DSCC)could reflect the mastitis risk since it is the percentage of neutrophils plus lymphocytes in total somatic cells and could be reflective of mammary health of dairy cows.This work aimed to investigate the assessment and prognosis of the health of transition cows based on blood neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs).Results:Eighty-four transition Holstein dairy cows were selected.The serum was sampled in all the animals at week 1 pre-and postpartum,and milk was sampled at week 1 postpartum.Based on the DSCC in milk at week 1,cows with lower(7.4%±4.07%,n=15)and higher(83.3%±1.21%,n=15)DSCCs were selected.High DSCC cows had higher levels of red blood cell counts(P<0.05),hemoglobin(P=0.07),and hematocrit(P=0.05),higher concentrations of serum oxidative variables[reactive oxygen species(P<0.05),malondialdehyde(P<0.05),protein carbonyl(P<0.05),and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine(P=0.07)],higher levels of serum and milk NETs(P<0.05)and blood-milk barrier indicators,including serumβ-casein(P=0.05)and milk immunoglobulin G2(P=0.09),than those of low DSCC cows.In addition,lower concentrations of serum nutrient metabolites(cholesterol and albumin)(P<0.05)and a lower level of serum deoxyribonuclease I(P=0.09)were observed in high DSCC cows than in low DSCC cows.Among the assessments performed using levels of the three prepartum serum parameters(NETs,deoxyribonuclease I andβ-casein),the area under the curve(0.973)of NETs was the highest.In addition,the sensitivity(1.00)and specificity(0.93)were observed for the discrimination of these cows using NETs levels with a critical value of 32.2 ng/mL(P<0.05).Conclusions:The formation of NETs in blood in transition dairy cows may damage the integrity of the blood-milk barrier and thereby increase the risk for mastitis in postpartum cows.
基金This work was supported by grants from Guangxi Medical High-level Key Talents/139/(No.G201901010)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.GXNSFDA198008).
文摘Objective The hypersensitivity of the kidney makes it susceptible to hypoxia injury.The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)in renal injury resulting from hypobaric hypoxia(HH)has not been reported.In this study,we aimed to investigate the expression of NETs in renal injury induced by HH and the possible underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 24 SD male rats were divided into three groups(n=8 each):normal control group,hypoxia group and hypoxia+pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)group.Rats in hypoxia group and hypoxia+PDTC group were placed in animal chambers with HH which was caused by simulating the altitude at 7000 meters(oxygen partial pressure about 6.9 kPa)for 7 days.PDTC was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily for 7 days.Pathological changes of the rat renal tissues were observed under a light microscope;the levels of serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),cell-free DNA(cf-DNA)and reactive oxygen species(ROS)were measured;the expression levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),citrullinated histone H3(cit-H3),B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bax,nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65(p-NF-κB p65)in rat renal tissues were detected by qRT-qPCR and Western blotting;the localization of NF-κB p65 expression in rat renal tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the expression changes of NETs in rat renal tissues were detected by multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemical staining.Results After hypoxia,the expression of NF-κB protein in renal tissues was significantly increased,the levels of SCr,BUN,cf-DNA and ROS in serum were significantly increased,the formation of NETs in renal tissues was significantly increased,and a large number of tubular dilatation and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in renal tissues.When PDTC was used to inhibit NF-κB activation,NETs formation in renal tissue was significantly decreased,the expression level of Bcl-2 in renal tissues was significantly increased,the expression level of Bax was significantly decreased,and renal injury was significantly alleviated.Conclusion HH induces the formation of NETs through the NF-κB signaling pathway,and it promotes apoptosis and aggravates renal injury by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing Bax expression.
基金supported by ShanghaiTech University Startup Fund 2017F0203-000-14the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52131303)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.22ZR1442300)in part by CAS Strategic Science and Technology Program(Grant No.XDA18000000).
文摘Emission and capture characteristics of a deep hole trap(H1)in n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)have been investigated by optical deep level transient spectroscopy(ODLTS).Activation energy(Eemi)and capture cross-section(σ_(p))of H1 are determined to be 0.75 eV and 4.67×10^(−15)cm^(2),respectively.Distribution of apparent trap concentration in space charge region is demonstrated.Temperature-enhanced emission process is revealed by decrease of emission time constant.Electricfield-boosted trap emission kinetics are analyzed by the Poole−Frenkel emission(PFE)model.In addition,H1 shows point defect capture properties and temperature-enhanced capture kinetics.Taking both hole capture and emission processes into account during laser beam incidence,H1 features a trap concentration of 2.67×10^(15)cm^(−3).The method and obtained results may facilitate understanding of minority carrier trap properties in wide bandgap semiconductor material and can be applied for device reliability assessment.
基金funding from the Electronic Component Systems for European Leadership Joint Undertaking (ECSEL JU),under grant agreement No.101007229support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme,Germany,France,Belgium,Austria,Sweden,Spain,and Italy
文摘Vertical GaN power MOSFET is a novel technology that offers great potential for power switching applications.Being still in an early development phase,vertical GaN devices are yet to be fully optimized and require careful studies to foster their development.In this work,we report on the physical insights into device performance improvements obtained during the development of vertical GaN-on-Si trench MOSFETs(TMOS’s)provided by TCAD simulations,enhancing the dependability of the adopted process optimization approaches.Specifically,two different TMOS devices are compared in terms of transfer-curve hysteresis(H)and subthreshold slope(SS),showing a≈75%H reduction along with a≈30%SS decrease.Simulations allow attributing the achieved improvements to a decrease in the border and interface traps,respectively.A sensitivity analysis is also carried out,allowing to quantify the additional trap density reduction required to minimize both figures of merit.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400200 and2021YFA0718701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2032127,11904322,12104411,12174347)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan province of China(Grant No.202300410356)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2019M652560 and 2020M682326)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(Grant No.JCTD-2019-01)the Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan Province(Grant No.1902013)the Science Foundation for Highlevel Talents of Wuyi University(Grant No.2021AL019)。
文摘The Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) double perovskite is one of the most promising lead-free perovskites due to its exceptional stability and straightforward synthesis.However,it faces challenges related to inefficient photoluminescence.Doping and high pressure are employed to tailor the optical properties of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Herein,Sb^(3+)doped Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)(Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)) was synthesized and it exhibits blue emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 37.3%.Further,by employing pressure tuning,a blue stable emission under a very wide range from 2.7 GPa to 9.8 GPa is realized in Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Subsequently,the emission intensity of Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) experiences a significant increase(3.3 times)at 19.0 GPa.It is revealed that the pressure-induced distinct emissions can be attributed to the carrier self-trapping and detrapping between Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6) and Sb^(3+).Notably,the lattice compression in the cubic phase inevitably modifies the band gap of Sb^(3+):Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6).Our findings provide valuable insights into effects of the high pressure in further boosting unique emission characteristics but also offer promising opportunities for development of doped double perovskites with enhanced optical functionalities.
基金supported by the National Basic Research R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB3904001 and 2018YFA0307500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12022414 and 11934014)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022CFA013)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant Nos.YSBR-085 and YSBR-055)。
文摘We have experimentally achieved the all-optical trapping of a ^(40)Ca^(+)ion.An optical dipole trap was established using a high-power,far-detuned,tightly focused laser with a wavelength of 532 nm.The single ^(40)Ca^(+)ion was trapped without any RF fields and demonstrated a long lifetime of over 3 s.In this experiment,we implemented several measures to improve the optical trapping probability,including focusing the dipole beam waist near the diffraction limit,precisely compensating for stray electric fields,and mitigating electron shelving in metastable states.The optical trapping of a ^(40)Ca^(+)ion eliminates the influence of micromotion induced by RF fields,potentially paving the way for development of all-optical trapping ion optical clocks.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11604058)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2020GXNSFAA297041 and 2023JJA110112)the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(Grant No.YCSW2023083)。
文摘We systemically investigate optical trapping capability of a kind of tornado waves on Rayleigh particles.Such tornado waves are named as tornado circular Pearcey beams(TCPBs)and produced by combining two circular Pearcey beams with different radii.Our theoretical exploration delves into various aspects,including the propagation dynamics,energy flux,orbital angular momentum,trapping force,and torque characteristics of TCPBs.The results reveal that the orbital angular momentum,trapping force,and torque of these beams can be finely tuned through the judicious manipulation of their topological charges(l_(1)and l_(2)).Notably,we observe a precise control mechanism wherein the force diminishes with|l_(1)+l_(2)|and|l_(1)-l_(2)|,while the torque exhibits enhancement by decreasing solely with|l_(1)+l_(2)|or increasing with|l_(1)-l_(2)|.These results not only provide quantitative insights into the optical trapping performance of TCPBs but also serve as a valuable reference for the ongoing development of innovative photonic tools.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62020106014,62175140,12034012,and 92165106)the Natural Science Young Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202203021212376).
文摘We report a detailed study of magnetically levitated loading of ultracold ^(133)Cs atoms in a dimple trap.The atomic sample was produced in a combined red-detuned optical dipole trap and dimple trap formed by two small waist beams crossing a horizontal plane.The magnetic levitation for the ^(133)Cs atoms forms an effective potential for a large number of atoms in a high spatial density.Dependence of the number of atoms loaded and trapped in the dimple trap on the magnetic field gradient and bias field is in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.This method has been widely used to obtain the Bose–Einstein condensation atoms for many atomic species.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104414,12122412,12104464,and 12104413)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M702955).
文摘The recently developed magic-intensity trapping technique of neutral atoms efficiently mitigates the detrimental effect of light shifts on atomic qubits and substantially enhances the coherence time. This technique relies on applying a bias magnetic field precisely parallel to the wave vector of a circularly polarized trapping laser field. However, due to the presence of the vector light shift experienced by the trapped atoms, it is challenging to precisely define a parallel magnetic field, especially at a low bias magnetic field strength, for the magic-intensity trapping of85Rb qubits. In this work, we present a method to calibrate the angle between the bias magnetic field and the trapping laser field with the compensating magnetic fields in the other two directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction. Experimentally, with a constantdepth trap and a fixed bias magnetic field, we measure the respective resonant frequencies of the atomic qubits in a linearly polarized trap and a circularly polarized one via the conventional microwave Rabi spectra with different compensating magnetic fields and obtain the corresponding total magnetic fields via the respective resonant frequencies using the Breit–Rabi formula. With known total magnetic fields, the angle is a function of the other two compensating magnetic fields.Finally, the projection value of the angle on either of the directions orthogonal to the bias magnetic field direction can be reduced to 0(4)° by applying specific compensating magnetic fields. The measurement error is mainly attributed to the fluctuation of atomic temperature. Moreover, it also demonstrates that, even for a small angle, the effect is strong enough to cause large decoherence of Rabi oscillation in a magic-intensity trap. Although the compensation method demonstrated here is explored for the magic-intensity trapping technique, it can be applied to a variety of similar precision measurements with trapped neutral atoms.
文摘The four-color three-step selective photoionization process of atom is very important in laser isotope separation technology.The population trapping phenomena and their influences are studied theoretically in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields based on the density matrix theory in this work.Time evolutions of the photoionization properties of the four-color,three-step process are given.The population trapping effects occur intensely in monochromatic excitation,while it gradually turns weak as the laser bandwidth increases.The effects of bandwidth,Rabi frequency,time delay,and frequency detuning on the population trapping effect are investigated in monochromatic and non-monochromatic laser fields.The effects of laser process parameters and atomic parameters on the effective selective photoionization are also discussed.The ionization probability and selectivity factors,as evaluation indexes,are difficult to improve synchronously by adjusting systematic parameters.Besides,the existence of metastable state may play a negative role when its population is low enough.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92365208,11934002,and 11920101004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA0718300 and 2021YFA1400900)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi(Grant No.202101030201022)the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program。
文摘We study the dynamical evolution of cold atoms in crossed optical dipole trap theoretically and experimentally. The atomic transport process is accompanied by two competitive kinds of physical mechanics, atomic loading and atomic loss.The loading process normally is negligible in the evaporative cooling experiment on the ground, while it is significant in preparation of ultra-cold atoms in the space station. Normally, the atomic loading process is much weaker than the atomic loss process, and the atomic number in the central region of the trap decreases monotonically, as reported in previous research. However, when the atomic loading process is comparable to the atomic loss process, the atomic number in the central region of the trap will initially increase to a maximum value and then slowly decrease, and we have observed the phenomenon first. The increase of atomic number in the central region of the trap shows the presence of the loading process, and this will be significant especially under microgravity conditions. We build a theoretical model to analyze the competitive relationship, which coincides with the experimental results well. Furthermore, we have also given the predicted evolutionary behaviors under different conditions. This research provides a solid foundation for further understanding of the atomic transport process in traps. The analysis of loading process is of significant importance for preparation of ultra-cold atoms in a crossed optical dipole trap under microgravity conditions.
