Coal gasification slag(CGS)is a type of solid waste produced during coal gasification,in which heavy metals severely restrict its resource utilization.In this work,the mineral occurrence and distribution of typical he...Coal gasification slag(CGS)is a type of solid waste produced during coal gasification,in which heavy metals severely restrict its resource utilization.In this work,the mineral occurrence and distribution of typical heavy metal Cr in CGS is investigated.The leaching behavior of Cr under different conditions is studied in detail.Acid leaching-selective oxidation-coprecipitation method is proposed based on the characteristics of Cr in CGS.The detoxification of Cr in CGS is realized,and the detoxification mechanism is clarified.Results show that Cr is highly enriched in CGS.The speciation of Cr is mainly residual fraction(74.47%-86.12%),which is combined with amorphous aluminosilicate.Cr^(3+)and Cr^(6+)account for 90.93%-94.82%and 5.18%-9.07%of total Cr,respectively.High acid concentration and high liquid-solid ratio are beneficial to destroy the lattice structure of amorphous aluminosilicate,thus improving the leaching efficiency of Cr,which can reach 97.93%under the optimal conditions.Acid leaching-selective oxidation-coprecipitation method can realize the detoxification of Cr in CGS.Under the optimal conditions,the removal rates of Fe^(3+)and Cr^(3+)in the leaching solution are 80.99%-84.79%and 70.58%-71.69%,respectively,while the loss rate of Al^(3+)is only 1.10%-3.35%.Detoxification slag exists in the form of Fe-Cr coprecipitation(Fe_(1-x)Cr_xOOH),which can be used for smelting.The detoxification acid leaching solution can be used to prepare inorganic polymer composite coagulant poly-aluminum chloride(PAC).This study can provide theoretical and data guidance for detoxification of heavy metal Cr in CGS and achieve resource utilization of coal gasification solid waste.展开更多
Computational systems biology approaches provide insights to understand complex molecular phenomena in living systems. Such understanding demands the need to systematically interrogate and review existing literature t...Computational systems biology approaches provide insights to understand complex molecular phenomena in living systems. Such understanding demands the need to systematically interrogate and review existing literature to refine and distil key molecular pathways. This paper explores a methodological process to identify key molecular pathways from systematic bioinformatics literature review. This process is used to identify molecular pathways for a ubiquitous molecular process in all plant biological systems: C1 metabolism and formaldehyde detoxification, specific to maize. The C1 metabolism is essential for all organisms to provide one-carbon units for methylation and other types of modifications, as well as for nucleic acid, amino acid, and other biomolecule syntheses. Formaldehyde is a toxic one-carbon molecule which is produced endogenously and found in the environment, and whose detoxification is an important part of C1 metabolism. This systematic review involves a five-part process: 1) framing of the research question;2) literature collection based on a parallel search strategy;3) relevant study selection based on search refinement;4) molecular pathway identification;and 5) integration of key molecular pathway mechanisms to yield a well-defined set molecular systems associated with a particular biochemical function. Findings from this systematic review produced three main molecular systems: a) methionine biosynthesis;b) the methylation cycle;and c) formaldehyde detoxification. Specific insights from the resulting molecular pathways indicate that normal C1 metabolism involves the transfer of a carbon group from serine through a folate-mediated pathway to methionine, and eventually the methylation of a biomolecule. In photosynthetic tissues, C1 metabolism often proceeds in reverse towards serine biosynthesis and formate oxidation. C1 metabolism, in maize, appears to be present in the developing embryo and endosperm indicating that these cells are vulnerable to perturbations in formaldehyde detoxification. These insights demonstrate the value of a systematic bioinformatics literature review process from a broad spectrum of domain literature to specific and relevant molecular pathways.展开更多
Background: Physical rehabilitation training as an effective measure was proposed by relevant government sector recently. Many compulsory isolated detoxification centers had already implemented the measure, but rarely...Background: Physical rehabilitation training as an effective measure was proposed by relevant government sector recently. Many compulsory isolated detoxification centers had already implemented the measure, but rarely a systematically comprehensive research was published. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of “5433” training program as an exercise intervention on addicts during drug treatment and rehabilitation, in order to provide the experimental data for the research about the effects of mental quality and physical quality of addicts. Methods: The 2132 male addicts were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 1020) and control group (n = 1112), experimental group was training by “5433” program, and control group ordinary was managed alone. Before and after one year training, in accordance with the “SCL-90” and “Standards of People’s Republic of China national physique”, the SCL-90 scores, height/weight, vital capacity, step index, grip strength, vertical jump, push-ups, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eye-closed, choice reaction index of two groups were detected. Results: 1) The scores of depression, anxiety, paranoia and psychosis in two groups before the experiment are both lower than those after the experiment, and the experimental group decreased more (P 0.05). Conclusion:These initial findings show that The “5433” Training Program was effective more than a simple kinesiotherapy, thereby opening avenues for the rehabilitation of Chinese drug addicts.展开更多
To study the effect of jasmonates(JAs)on the resistance of economic forest plants to insects,R osa rugosa‘Plena'leaves were treated with 1 mmol/L jasmonic acid(JA),methyl jasmonate(MeJA)and Z-jasmone,then the con...To study the effect of jasmonates(JAs)on the resistance of economic forest plants to insects,R osa rugosa‘Plena'leaves were treated with 1 mmol/L jasmonic acid(JA),methyl jasmonate(MeJA)and Z-jasmone,then the content of tannin and total phenol in leaves and the feeding area of Monolepta hieroglyphica adults on leaves were measured.Changes in the activities of detoxification enzymes in adult M.hieroglyphica that had fed on leaves treated with JAs were also studied.Tannin and total phenol levels in leaves increased significantly after treatment with JAs,and tannin level was 1.36–1.55-fold higher than in the control after treatment with 1 mmol/L MeJA.The total content of phenol in leaves treated with 1.0 mmol/L Z-jasmone increased by 1.33–2.20-fold compared with those of the control.The activities of detoxification enzymes in adults were inhibited to differing degrees:activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)first increased,then decreased;the activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)and carboxylesterase(CarE)following treatment with 1 mmol/L MeJA were significantly reduced and were 22%–31%,11%–26%,and 11%–31%lower than those of the control,respectively.Moreover,the feeding area of adult M.hieroglyphica on the leaves treated with JAs was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The feeding area of economic forest R.rugosa‘Plena'leaves treated with 1 mmol/L MeJA decreased by 17%–43%compared with that of the control.Moreover,the decrease in the adult M.hieroglyphica feeding area was highly positively correlated with the content of tannin and positively correlated with the contents of total phenol of economic forest R.rugosa‘Plena'leaves.The reduced feeding area of adult M.hieroglyphica was highly negatively correlated with the activities of AKP and ACP and negatively correlated with those of the GSTs.In conclusion,the use of 1 mmol/L MeJA can noticeably decrease the deleterious effects of adult M.hieroglyphica.展开更多
AIM To determine the influence of the construction design over the biological component's performance in an experimental bio-artificial liver(BAL) device.METHODS Two BAL models for liver microorgans(LMOs) were con...AIM To determine the influence of the construction design over the biological component's performance in an experimental bio-artificial liver(BAL) device.METHODS Two BAL models for liver microorgans(LMOs) were constructed. First, we constructed a cylindrical BAL and tested it without the biological component to establish its correct functioning. Samples of blood and biological compartment(BC) fluid were taken after 0, 60, and 120 min of perfusion. Osmolality, hematocrit, ammonia and glucose concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release(as a LMO viability parameter), and oxygen consumption and ammonia metabolizing capacity(as LMO functionality parameters) were determined. CPSI and OTC gene expression and function were measured. The second BAL, a "flat bottom" model, was constructed using a 25 cm2 culture flask while maintaining all other components between the models. The BC of both BALs had the same capacity(approximately 50 cm3) and both were manipulated with the same perfusion system. The performances of the two BALs were compared to show the influence of architecture.RESULTS The cylindrical BAL showed a good exchange of fluids and metabolites between blood and the BC, reflected by the matching of osmolalities, and glucose and ammonia concentration ratios after 120 min of perfusion. No hemoconcentration was detected, the hematocrit levels remained stable during the whole study, and the minimal percentage of hemolysis(0.65% ± 0.10%) observed was due to the action of the peristaltic pump. When LMOs were used as biological component of this BAL they showed similar values to the ones obtained in a Normothermic Reoxygenation System(NRS) for almost all the parameters assayed. After 120 min, the results obtained were: LDH release(%): 14.7 ± 3.1 in the BAL and 15.5 ± 3.2 in the NRS(n = 6); oxygen consumption(μmol/min?g wet tissue): 1.16 ± 0.21 in the BAL and 0.84 ± 0.15 in the NRS(n = 6); relative expression of Cps1 and Otc: 0.63 ± 0.12 and 0.67 ± 0.20, respectively, in the BAL, and 0.86 ± 0.10 and 0.82 ± 0.07, respectively, in the NRS(n = 3); enzymatic activity of CPSI and OTC(U/g wet tissue): 3.03 ± 0.86 and 222.0 ± 23.5, respectively, in the BAL, and 3.12 ± 0.73 and 228.8 ± 32.8, respectively, in the NRS(n = 3). In spite of these similarities, LMOs as a biological component of the cylindrical BAL were not able to detoxify ammonia at a significant level(not detected vs 35.1% ± 7.0% of the initial 1 mM NH4+ dose in NRS, n = 6). Therefore, we built a second BAL with an entirely different design that offers a flat base BC. When LMOs were placed in this "flat bottom"device they were able to detoxify 49.3% ± 8.8% of the initial ammonia overload after 120 min of perfusion(n = 6), with a detoxification capacity of 13.2 ± 2.2 μmol/g wet tissue.CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate the importance of adapting the BAL architecture to the biological component characteristics to obtain an adequate BAL performance.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to explore the effects of plant secondary metabolite on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of quarantine pest Frankliniella occidentalis. [Method] F. occidentalis were continuously...[Objective] The paper was to explore the effects of plant secondary metabolite on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of quarantine pest Frankliniella occidentalis. [Method] F. occidentalis were continuously exposed to artificial diets containing nicotine from the second to fifth instars for five generations, and the effects of nicotine on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of larvae were determined. [Result]The activities of carboxylate esterase(CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase(GST) in midgut of the fifth instar larvae were significantly increased, and reached the maximum at the third generation(1.86 times and 1.59 times, respectively). Nicotine inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). With the increase of feeding generations, the inhibitory effect of nicotine weakened. Nicotine significantly increased the activities of peroxidase(POD). [Conclusion] F. occidentalis will gradually adapt to the harm of plant toxins by starting its own detoxification enzyme system and regulating protective enzyme system after feeding on plant secondary substance nicotine.展开更多
The susceptible strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) was collected from the cassava germplasm resource garden of Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute and raised for 15 generation...The susceptible strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) was collected from the cassava germplasm resource garden of Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute and raised for 15 generations,during which resistance selection against avermectin was performed through the indoor spraying of avermectin,thereby obtaining an avermectin-resistance strain (Ab-R) with a resistance ratio of 3.25.After the indoor resistance selection,the determination of detoxification enzyme activity in the Ab-R and SS strains showed that the specific activity of carboxylesterases (CarE),glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) and multi-functional oxidase (MFO) in Ab-R15 was 1.27,1.69 and 1.92 times of that in SS,respectively.In addition,the specific activity of MFO in Ab-R5,Ab-R10 and Ab-R15 was significantly different from that in SS;there was no significant difference in the specific activity of CarE compared with SS when screened to the F10 generation;and when screened to the F5 generation,there was no significant difference in the specific activity of GSTs compared with SS.The results showed that the significant increase in MFO activity was an important cause of resistance to avermectin in T.cinnabarinus,and CarE and GSTs were also involved in the formation of avermectin-resistant strains.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of heat-clearing and detoxifying method on the macrophages polarization in patients with acute myocardial infarction with heat toxin syndrome after intervention.Methods:Sixty patients ...Objective:To evaluate the effect of heat-clearing and detoxifying method on the macrophages polarization in patients with acute myocardial infarction with heat toxin syndrome after intervention.Methods:Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with heat toxin syndrome were randomly divided into a control group and a test group with 30 cases each.The control group was given conventional treatment,and the test group was given Huanglian Jiedu Decoction,the representative of the method of clearing heat and detoxification,orally on the basis of the control group.The intervention time of both groups was 2 weeks.Comparing The Seattle Angina Pectoris Scale(SAQ)before and after treatment,creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CKMB),high-sensitivity troponin I(hs-TnI),and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipaseA2(LPPLA_2)),the phenotype ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages,and observe the adverse reactions.Results:After treatment,the SAQ scores of the two groups of patients were improved,and the levels of CK,CK-MB,hs-TnI,and LP-PLA_2 decreased significantly.The scores of AS,AF,TS,and DP in the SAQ of the test group were all higher than those of the control group,and the hs-TnI and LP-PLA_2 were better than those of the control Group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).After treatment,the proportion of M1 type macrophages in the two groups of patients'macrophages decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the ratio of M2 type macrophages increased(P<0.05),and the M1/M2 ratio decreased.The ratio of M1/M2 in the test group of the control group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).There were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups.Conclusions:The method of clearing heat and detoxifying has a definite effect on patients with acute myocardial infarction of heat toxin syndrome after interventional operation.It can reduce myocardial damage,improve myocardial function,and reduce inflammation.And it is safe for clinical treatment without any increasing risk of bleeding or other risk of cardiovascular events.展开更多
Quaternaryammonium compounds (QACs) are cationic surfactants with broad range applications. They enter into aquatic environment through the discharge of sewage effluents and adversely affect the ecosystem due to toxic...Quaternaryammonium compounds (QACs) are cationic surfactants with broad range applications. They enter into aquatic environment through the discharge of sewage effluents and adversely affect the ecosystem due to toxicity. Modern electrochemical methods have been used for characterization and detoxification of an extensively used QAC, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) in a wide pH range. The diffusion coefficient of DAAB was determined by Randles-Sevcik equation. In acidic conditions the electrochemical reduction of DAAB occurred by two electrons and two protons process. However, in neutral medium the overall reduction of DAAB followed electronation-protonation mechanism involving 3e– and 3H+. Although DDAB is toxic yet it is bestowed with cancer preventing ability. Hence, for getting insights into the under-standing of DAAB anticancer effect, its DNA binding parameters has been evaluated.展开更多
The development of a technology employing materials containing specific alkaloids from biomasses of agricultural production would be extremely beneficial and relatively inexpensive for the remediation of polluted soil...The development of a technology employing materials containing specific alkaloids from biomasses of agricultural production would be extremely beneficial and relatively inexpensive for the remediation of polluted soils and may represent a possible new industrial and commercial opportunity. We have studied detoxification and degradation of persistent chloroorganic pesticides by using plant extracts, which contained alkaloids. Reactions DDT with alkaloid Anabasine and extractive sum of alkaloids, isolated from ground up part plant Anabasis аphylla proceed more easy without solvent. It is established, that at interaction alkaloids of Anabasis aphylla with pesticide DDT occurs degradation to formation of less toxic DDE. Results the carried out researches on studying interaction sum of alkaloids, isolated from ground up part plant Anabasis Ahylla, with DDT in various ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) have shown, that thus there are detoxification pesticide DDT on 35% - 45%, 75% - 80% and 80% - 85% according to formation dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and in presence humic acids the degree degradation achieves to 95% - 97%.展开更多
Object: This work explains the theoretical basis of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”</span><span style="font-family:""><span styl...Object: This work explains the theoretical basis of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) through Western </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">medical theories. Methods: We analyze the guideline of the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia” (Version I to Version VII) made by China, “Clinical</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection is</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Suspected—Interim </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Guidance” made by WHO, “Therapeutic Guidelines: Gastroenteropathy Section (Version V of Original)” and “Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotics Section (Version XV of Original)” published by Australia, and the origin of classical prescription of “Hanshi Zufei Decoction”: “Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases)”, “Jinkui Yaolue (Synopsis of Golden Chamber)” and “Wenyi Lun (Treatise on Plague). We search the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine (Version II) manually. Literature </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> searched from 2001 to 2020 on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Wiley online library. We conduct a comparative study on the traditional Chinese medicine</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(TCM) syndromes of </span><a name="OLE_LINK47"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of respiratory system diseases and acute gastrointestinal inflammation by COVID-19. And we conduct the pharmacological inquiry of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”. Results: The respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 and the basis of the “Hanshi Zufei Decoction” are basically considered to be consistent. “Hanshi Zufei Decoction” can relieve respiratory symptoms, protect gastrointestinal mucosa, promote intestinal emptying, and have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects in the form of clusters. The dosage form and dosage used are in line with the range of pharmacological activity of the drug. Conclusions: “Hanshi Zufei Decoction” may have a good performance in reducing toxicity and controlling inflammation through intestinal emptying, and may play an active role in the treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of Huoxue Huayu detoxification method on the levels of GSK-3βandβ-catenin in OSF patients and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 120 patients with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF)treated ...Objective:To explore the effects of Huoxue Huayu detoxification method on the levels of GSK-3βandβ-catenin in OSF patients and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 120 patients with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF)treated in our hospital from May 2018 to December 2019 were selected and divided into routine treatment group and Huoxue Huayu detoxification group of 60 cases according to the lottery method.The routine treatment group was treated with triamcinolone acetonide injection,and the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group was treated with Huoxue Huayu detoxification.The lesion area,mouth opening degree,SFRP1 level in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva,TCM symptom score,TGF-β1,IL-6,GSK-3β,β-catenin expression and clinical effect were observed in the two groups.Results:After treatment,the lesion area of oral mucosa in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group was smaller than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05),and the mouth opening degree in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group was larger than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05);After treatment,the level of SFRP1 in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva and clinical effect in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group were higher than those in the routine treatment group(P<0.05);the TCM syndrome score,TGF-β1,IL-6,GSK-3β,β-catenin expression in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group were lower than those in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).Conclusion:By acting on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,Huoxue Huayu detoxification method can regulate the expression of TGF-β1,IL-6,GSK-3β,β-catenin,improve the clinical symptoms of patients with oral submucous fibrosis,alleviate the body inflammation,alleviate the pain,with remarkable effect.展开更多
Objective:From the perspective of tumor amino acid metabolism imbalance,the application of fuzheng detoxification method in intervening in the transformation of colitis cancer was discussed.Methods:By consulting CNKI&...Objective:From the perspective of tumor amino acid metabolism imbalance,the application of fuzheng detoxification method in intervening in the transformation of colitis cancer was discussed.Methods:By consulting CNKI's concept of tumor microenvironment,energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and colitis cancer transformation,it provides theoretical and data support for research purposes.Results:The study found that the transformation of colitis cancer refers to the metabolic imbalance of the tumor microenvironment under the condition of repeated stimulation of chronic inflammatory responses of colon tissue,which is mainly related to energy metabolism,sugar metabolism,fat metabolism,and amino acid metabolism imbalance,which promotes the transformation of the inflammatory microenvironment to the tumor microenvironment.Amino acids as an important source of nutrients for cells,its metabolic imbalance is an important cause of inflammation and cancer transformation.Conclusion:Chinese medicine believes that the transformation of inflammation and cancer is mainly related to the incurable treatment of evil in the internal organs,the loss of Qi,and the poison damage to the blood network.Colon cancer disease mechanism is always positive deficiency and stasis,the pathogenesis is based on the virtual standard,the virtual and real are mixed,and the clinical use of correct detoxification to adjust the balance of the body.展开更多
Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum.It is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of F.gr...Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum.It is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of F.graminearum within cereal heads,and it causes serious yield losses and significant contamination of cereal grains.In recent decades,genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the characterization of the molecular pathways of DON biosynthesis in F.graminearum and the environmental factors that influence DON accumulation.In addition,diverse scab resistance traits related to the repression of DON accumulation in plants have been identified,and experimental studies of wheat–pathogen interactions have contributed to understanding detoxification mechanisms in host plants.The present review illustrates and summarizes the molecular networks of DON mycotoxin production in F.graminearum and the methods of DON detoxification in plants based on the current literature,which provides molecular targets for crop improvement programs.This review also comprehensively discusses recent advances and challenges related to genetic engineering-mediated cultivar improvements to strengthen scab resistance.Furthermore,ongoing advancements in genetic engineering will enable the application of these molecular targets to develop more scab-resistant wheat cultivars with DON detoxification traits.展开更多
Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids(hereinafter referred to as trace metals)from the soil,some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations(e.g.,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co),while others are non-e...Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids(hereinafter referred to as trace metals)from the soil,some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations(e.g.,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co),while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations(e.g.,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,and Hg).Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities.Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants,as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health.Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils.The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress,genotoxicity,programmed cell death,and disturbance in multiple physiological processes.Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding,complexation,vacuolar sequestration,efflux,and translocation.Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses.In this review,we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity,detoxification,and regulation,as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.展开更多
Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCPP)by using Ti/SnO_(2)-Sb/La-PbO_(2)as anode was investigated for the first time,and the degradation mechanisms and toxicity changes of the ...Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCPP)by using Ti/SnO_(2)-Sb/La-PbO_(2)as anode was investigated for the first time,and the degradation mechanisms and toxicity changes of the degradation intermediates were further determined.Results suggested that electrochemical degradation of TDCPP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics,and the reaction rate constant(k)was 0.0332 min^(−1)at the applied current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)and Na_(2)SO_(4)concentration of 10 mmol/L.There was better TDCPP degradation performance at higher current density.Free hydroxy radical(•OH)was proved to play dominant role in TDCPP oxidation via quenching experiment,with a relative contribution rate of 60.1%.A total of five intermediates(M1,C_(6)H_(11)Cl_(4)O_(4)P;M2,C_(3)H_(7)Cl_(2)O_(4)P;M3,C_(9)H_(16)Cl_(5)O_(5)P;M4,C_(9)H_(14)Cl_(5)O_(6)P;M5,C_(6)H_(10)Cl_(3)O_(6)P)were identified,and the intermediates were further degraded prolonging with the reaction time.Flow cytometer results suggested that the toxicity of TDCPP and degradation intermediates significantly reduced,and the detoxification efficiency was achieved at 78.1%at 180 min.ECOSAR predictive model was used to assess the relative toxicity of TDCPP and the degradation intermediates.The EC_(50)to green algae was 3.59 mg/L for TDCPP,and the values raised to 84,574,54.6,391,and 8920 mg/L for M1,M2,M3,M4,and M5,respectively,indicating that the degradation intermediates are less toxic or not toxic.Electrochemical advanced oxidation process is a valid technology to degrade TDCPP and pose a good detoxification effect.展开更多
Field monitoring revealed that the infection ratio of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in the whitefly(Bemisia tabaci MED)was relatively low in northern China.However,the role of this symbiont and the symbiont-whitefl...Field monitoring revealed that the infection ratio of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in the whitefly(Bemisia tabaci MED)was relatively low in northern China.However,the role of this symbiont and the symbiont-whitefly-host plant interaction mechanism are poorly understood.We investigated the influence of Cardinium on the competitiveness of the host whitefly and the physiological interaction between the host plants and host whiteflies.Cardinium-infected whiteflies were displaced by uninfected whiteflies after 5 generations,which showed that Cardinium infection reduced whitefly competitiveness.The defense response genes of cotton significantly decreased under infestation by infected whiteflies compared to uninfected whiteflies.The expression of detoxification metabolism genes,especially the uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-glucuronyltransferase and P450 genes,in infected whiteflies significantly decreased.These results demonstrated that Cardinium could inhibit the defense response of the host plant and decrease the detoxification metabolism ability of the host whitefly.The reduced competitiveness of infected whiteflies may be associated with the inhibition of the whitefly detoxification metabolism by Cardinium,resulting in the reduced performance of infected whiteflies.However,Cardinium infection can suppress plant defenses,which may benefit both infected and uninfected whiteflies when they coexist.This research illustrates the symbiont–whitefly–host plant interaction mechanism and the population dynamics of the whitefly.展开更多
Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing...Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them.Apolipoprotein E polymorphism,combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations,influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.In this review,we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis,i.e.its synthesis,secretion,degradation,and lipidation,is affected in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Agricultural soils are under threat of toxic metal/metalloid contamination from anthropogenic activities,leading to excessive accumulation of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and mercury(Hg)in food crops that poses si...Agricultural soils are under threat of toxic metal/metalloid contamination from anthropogenic activities,leading to excessive accumulation of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and mercury(Hg)in food crops that poses significant risks to human health.Understanding how these toxic metals and their methylated species are taken up,translocated,and detoxified is prerequisite to developing strategies to limit their accumulation for safer food.Toxic metals are taken up and transported across different cellular compart-ments and plant tissues via various transporters for essential or beneficial nutrients,e.g.As by phosphate and silicon transporters,and Cd by manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)transporters.These transport processes are subjected to interactions with nutrients and the regulation at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.Complexation with thiol-rich compounds,such as phytochelatins,and sequestration in the vacuoles are the common mechanisms for detoxification and for limiting their translocation.A num-ber of genes involved in toxic metal uptake,transport,and detoxification have been identified,offering tar-gets for genetic manipulation via gene editing or transgenic technologies.Natural variations in toxic metal accumulation exist within crop germplasm,and some of the quantitative trait loci underlying these variations have been cloned,paving the way for marker-assisted breeding of low metal accumulation crops.Using plants to extract and remove toxic metals from soil is also possible,but this phytoremediation approach requires metal hyperaccumulation for efficiency.Knowledge gaps and future research needs are also discussed.展开更多
基金finally supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174390,U1810205)Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture of the Chinese Academy of Sciences China(IAGM2022D04)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences China(XDA21040601)。
文摘Coal gasification slag(CGS)is a type of solid waste produced during coal gasification,in which heavy metals severely restrict its resource utilization.In this work,the mineral occurrence and distribution of typical heavy metal Cr in CGS is investigated.The leaching behavior of Cr under different conditions is studied in detail.Acid leaching-selective oxidation-coprecipitation method is proposed based on the characteristics of Cr in CGS.The detoxification of Cr in CGS is realized,and the detoxification mechanism is clarified.Results show that Cr is highly enriched in CGS.The speciation of Cr is mainly residual fraction(74.47%-86.12%),which is combined with amorphous aluminosilicate.Cr^(3+)and Cr^(6+)account for 90.93%-94.82%and 5.18%-9.07%of total Cr,respectively.High acid concentration and high liquid-solid ratio are beneficial to destroy the lattice structure of amorphous aluminosilicate,thus improving the leaching efficiency of Cr,which can reach 97.93%under the optimal conditions.Acid leaching-selective oxidation-coprecipitation method can realize the detoxification of Cr in CGS.Under the optimal conditions,the removal rates of Fe^(3+)and Cr^(3+)in the leaching solution are 80.99%-84.79%and 70.58%-71.69%,respectively,while the loss rate of Al^(3+)is only 1.10%-3.35%.Detoxification slag exists in the form of Fe-Cr coprecipitation(Fe_(1-x)Cr_xOOH),which can be used for smelting.The detoxification acid leaching solution can be used to prepare inorganic polymer composite coagulant poly-aluminum chloride(PAC).This study can provide theoretical and data guidance for detoxification of heavy metal Cr in CGS and achieve resource utilization of coal gasification solid waste.
文摘Computational systems biology approaches provide insights to understand complex molecular phenomena in living systems. Such understanding demands the need to systematically interrogate and review existing literature to refine and distil key molecular pathways. This paper explores a methodological process to identify key molecular pathways from systematic bioinformatics literature review. This process is used to identify molecular pathways for a ubiquitous molecular process in all plant biological systems: C1 metabolism and formaldehyde detoxification, specific to maize. The C1 metabolism is essential for all organisms to provide one-carbon units for methylation and other types of modifications, as well as for nucleic acid, amino acid, and other biomolecule syntheses. Formaldehyde is a toxic one-carbon molecule which is produced endogenously and found in the environment, and whose detoxification is an important part of C1 metabolism. This systematic review involves a five-part process: 1) framing of the research question;2) literature collection based on a parallel search strategy;3) relevant study selection based on search refinement;4) molecular pathway identification;and 5) integration of key molecular pathway mechanisms to yield a well-defined set molecular systems associated with a particular biochemical function. Findings from this systematic review produced three main molecular systems: a) methionine biosynthesis;b) the methylation cycle;and c) formaldehyde detoxification. Specific insights from the resulting molecular pathways indicate that normal C1 metabolism involves the transfer of a carbon group from serine through a folate-mediated pathway to methionine, and eventually the methylation of a biomolecule. In photosynthetic tissues, C1 metabolism often proceeds in reverse towards serine biosynthesis and formate oxidation. C1 metabolism, in maize, appears to be present in the developing embryo and endosperm indicating that these cells are vulnerable to perturbations in formaldehyde detoxification. These insights demonstrate the value of a systematic bioinformatics literature review process from a broad spectrum of domain literature to specific and relevant molecular pathways.
文摘Background: Physical rehabilitation training as an effective measure was proposed by relevant government sector recently. Many compulsory isolated detoxification centers had already implemented the measure, but rarely a systematically comprehensive research was published. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of “5433” training program as an exercise intervention on addicts during drug treatment and rehabilitation, in order to provide the experimental data for the research about the effects of mental quality and physical quality of addicts. Methods: The 2132 male addicts were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 1020) and control group (n = 1112), experimental group was training by “5433” program, and control group ordinary was managed alone. Before and after one year training, in accordance with the “SCL-90” and “Standards of People’s Republic of China national physique”, the SCL-90 scores, height/weight, vital capacity, step index, grip strength, vertical jump, push-ups, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eye-closed, choice reaction index of two groups were detected. Results: 1) The scores of depression, anxiety, paranoia and psychosis in two groups before the experiment are both lower than those after the experiment, and the experimental group decreased more (P 0.05). Conclusion:These initial findings show that The “5433” Training Program was effective more than a simple kinesiotherapy, thereby opening avenues for the rehabilitation of Chinese drug addicts.
基金financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31800546)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFC1200400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572016CA11)。
文摘To study the effect of jasmonates(JAs)on the resistance of economic forest plants to insects,R osa rugosa‘Plena'leaves were treated with 1 mmol/L jasmonic acid(JA),methyl jasmonate(MeJA)and Z-jasmone,then the content of tannin and total phenol in leaves and the feeding area of Monolepta hieroglyphica adults on leaves were measured.Changes in the activities of detoxification enzymes in adult M.hieroglyphica that had fed on leaves treated with JAs were also studied.Tannin and total phenol levels in leaves increased significantly after treatment with JAs,and tannin level was 1.36–1.55-fold higher than in the control after treatment with 1 mmol/L MeJA.The total content of phenol in leaves treated with 1.0 mmol/L Z-jasmone increased by 1.33–2.20-fold compared with those of the control.The activities of detoxification enzymes in adults were inhibited to differing degrees:activity of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)first increased,then decreased;the activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)and carboxylesterase(CarE)following treatment with 1 mmol/L MeJA were significantly reduced and were 22%–31%,11%–26%,and 11%–31%lower than those of the control,respectively.Moreover,the feeding area of adult M.hieroglyphica on the leaves treated with JAs was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The feeding area of economic forest R.rugosa‘Plena'leaves treated with 1 mmol/L MeJA decreased by 17%–43%compared with that of the control.Moreover,the decrease in the adult M.hieroglyphica feeding area was highly positively correlated with the content of tannin and positively correlated with the contents of total phenol of economic forest R.rugosa‘Plena'leaves.The reduced feeding area of adult M.hieroglyphica was highly negatively correlated with the activities of AKP and ACP and negatively correlated with those of the GSTs.In conclusion,the use of 1 mmol/L MeJA can noticeably decrease the deleterious effects of adult M.hieroglyphica.
基金Part of this paper was presented at the 8th Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries(8CTDC)under the auspices of International Union of Toxicology(IUTOX)September 10-13,2012:at Centara Grand at Central Ladprao,Bangkok,Thailand.
基金Supported by Universidad Nacional de Rosario(UNR),BIO 272,Resol.C.S.,No.677/2013Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(ANPCyT),PICT-03-14492,BID 1728 OC/AR(Argentina)a grant from Regione Autonoma FriuliVenezia Giulia,Italy
文摘AIM To determine the influence of the construction design over the biological component's performance in an experimental bio-artificial liver(BAL) device.METHODS Two BAL models for liver microorgans(LMOs) were constructed. First, we constructed a cylindrical BAL and tested it without the biological component to establish its correct functioning. Samples of blood and biological compartment(BC) fluid were taken after 0, 60, and 120 min of perfusion. Osmolality, hematocrit, ammonia and glucose concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release(as a LMO viability parameter), and oxygen consumption and ammonia metabolizing capacity(as LMO functionality parameters) were determined. CPSI and OTC gene expression and function were measured. The second BAL, a "flat bottom" model, was constructed using a 25 cm2 culture flask while maintaining all other components between the models. The BC of both BALs had the same capacity(approximately 50 cm3) and both were manipulated with the same perfusion system. The performances of the two BALs were compared to show the influence of architecture.RESULTS The cylindrical BAL showed a good exchange of fluids and metabolites between blood and the BC, reflected by the matching of osmolalities, and glucose and ammonia concentration ratios after 120 min of perfusion. No hemoconcentration was detected, the hematocrit levels remained stable during the whole study, and the minimal percentage of hemolysis(0.65% ± 0.10%) observed was due to the action of the peristaltic pump. When LMOs were used as biological component of this BAL they showed similar values to the ones obtained in a Normothermic Reoxygenation System(NRS) for almost all the parameters assayed. After 120 min, the results obtained were: LDH release(%): 14.7 ± 3.1 in the BAL and 15.5 ± 3.2 in the NRS(n = 6); oxygen consumption(μmol/min?g wet tissue): 1.16 ± 0.21 in the BAL and 0.84 ± 0.15 in the NRS(n = 6); relative expression of Cps1 and Otc: 0.63 ± 0.12 and 0.67 ± 0.20, respectively, in the BAL, and 0.86 ± 0.10 and 0.82 ± 0.07, respectively, in the NRS(n = 3); enzymatic activity of CPSI and OTC(U/g wet tissue): 3.03 ± 0.86 and 222.0 ± 23.5, respectively, in the BAL, and 3.12 ± 0.73 and 228.8 ± 32.8, respectively, in the NRS(n = 3). In spite of these similarities, LMOs as a biological component of the cylindrical BAL were not able to detoxify ammonia at a significant level(not detected vs 35.1% ± 7.0% of the initial 1 mM NH4+ dose in NRS, n = 6). Therefore, we built a second BAL with an entirely different design that offers a flat base BC. When LMOs were placed in this "flat bottom"device they were able to detoxify 49.3% ± 8.8% of the initial ammonia overload after 120 min of perfusion(n = 6), with a detoxification capacity of 13.2 ± 2.2 μmol/g wet tissue.CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate the importance of adapting the BAL architecture to the biological component characteristics to obtain an adequate BAL performance.
基金Supported by University Joint General Program of Yunnan Department of Science and Technology(2017FH001-35)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to explore the effects of plant secondary metabolite on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of quarantine pest Frankliniella occidentalis. [Method] F. occidentalis were continuously exposed to artificial diets containing nicotine from the second to fifth instars for five generations, and the effects of nicotine on protective enzymes and detoxification enzymes of larvae were determined. [Result]The activities of carboxylate esterase(CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase(GST) in midgut of the fifth instar larvae were significantly increased, and reached the maximum at the third generation(1.86 times and 1.59 times, respectively). Nicotine inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). With the increase of feeding generations, the inhibitory effect of nicotine weakened. Nicotine significantly increased the activities of peroxidase(POD). [Conclusion] F. occidentalis will gradually adapt to the harm of plant toxins by starting its own detoxification enzyme system and regulating protective enzyme system after feeding on plant secondary substance nicotine.
基金Supported by Guangxi Public Interest Fund(GXNYRKS201713)Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi(GK AA16380013)Key R&D Program of Science and Technology of Guangxi(GK AB16380075)
文摘The susceptible strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) was collected from the cassava germplasm resource garden of Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute and raised for 15 generations,during which resistance selection against avermectin was performed through the indoor spraying of avermectin,thereby obtaining an avermectin-resistance strain (Ab-R) with a resistance ratio of 3.25.After the indoor resistance selection,the determination of detoxification enzyme activity in the Ab-R and SS strains showed that the specific activity of carboxylesterases (CarE),glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) and multi-functional oxidase (MFO) in Ab-R15 was 1.27,1.69 and 1.92 times of that in SS,respectively.In addition,the specific activity of MFO in Ab-R5,Ab-R10 and Ab-R15 was significantly different from that in SS;there was no significant difference in the specific activity of CarE compared with SS when screened to the F10 generation;and when screened to the F5 generation,there was no significant difference in the specific activity of GSTs compared with SS.The results showed that the significant increase in MFO activity was an important cause of resistance to avermectin in T.cinnabarinus,and CarE and GSTs were also involved in the formation of avermectin-resistant strains.
基金Guangdong Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(No.A2019507)Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Provincial Project(No.20191117)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.202102020927)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base Business Construction Research Project(No.JDZX2015241)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of heat-clearing and detoxifying method on the macrophages polarization in patients with acute myocardial infarction with heat toxin syndrome after intervention.Methods:Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with heat toxin syndrome were randomly divided into a control group and a test group with 30 cases each.The control group was given conventional treatment,and the test group was given Huanglian Jiedu Decoction,the representative of the method of clearing heat and detoxification,orally on the basis of the control group.The intervention time of both groups was 2 weeks.Comparing The Seattle Angina Pectoris Scale(SAQ)before and after treatment,creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CKMB),high-sensitivity troponin I(hs-TnI),and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipaseA2(LPPLA_2)),the phenotype ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages,and observe the adverse reactions.Results:After treatment,the SAQ scores of the two groups of patients were improved,and the levels of CK,CK-MB,hs-TnI,and LP-PLA_2 decreased significantly.The scores of AS,AF,TS,and DP in the SAQ of the test group were all higher than those of the control group,and the hs-TnI and LP-PLA_2 were better than those of the control Group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).After treatment,the proportion of M1 type macrophages in the two groups of patients'macrophages decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the ratio of M2 type macrophages increased(P<0.05),and the M1/M2 ratio decreased.The ratio of M1/M2 in the test group of the control group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).There were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups.Conclusions:The method of clearing heat and detoxifying has a definite effect on patients with acute myocardial infarction of heat toxin syndrome after interventional operation.It can reduce myocardial damage,improve myocardial function,and reduce inflammation.And it is safe for clinical treatment without any increasing risk of bleeding or other risk of cardiovascular events.
文摘Quaternaryammonium compounds (QACs) are cationic surfactants with broad range applications. They enter into aquatic environment through the discharge of sewage effluents and adversely affect the ecosystem due to toxicity. Modern electrochemical methods have been used for characterization and detoxification of an extensively used QAC, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) in a wide pH range. The diffusion coefficient of DAAB was determined by Randles-Sevcik equation. In acidic conditions the electrochemical reduction of DAAB occurred by two electrons and two protons process. However, in neutral medium the overall reduction of DAAB followed electronation-protonation mechanism involving 3e– and 3H+. Although DDAB is toxic yet it is bestowed with cancer preventing ability. Hence, for getting insights into the under-standing of DAAB anticancer effect, its DNA binding parameters has been evaluated.
文摘The development of a technology employing materials containing specific alkaloids from biomasses of agricultural production would be extremely beneficial and relatively inexpensive for the remediation of polluted soils and may represent a possible new industrial and commercial opportunity. We have studied detoxification and degradation of persistent chloroorganic pesticides by using plant extracts, which contained alkaloids. Reactions DDT with alkaloid Anabasine and extractive sum of alkaloids, isolated from ground up part plant Anabasis аphylla proceed more easy without solvent. It is established, that at interaction alkaloids of Anabasis aphylla with pesticide DDT occurs degradation to formation of less toxic DDE. Results the carried out researches on studying interaction sum of alkaloids, isolated from ground up part plant Anabasis Ahylla, with DDT in various ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) have shown, that thus there are detoxification pesticide DDT on 35% - 45%, 75% - 80% and 80% - 85% according to formation dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and in presence humic acids the degree degradation achieves to 95% - 97%.
文摘Object: This work explains the theoretical basis of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) through Western </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">medical theories. Methods: We analyze the guideline of the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia” (Version I to Version VII) made by China, “Clinical</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection When Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection is</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Suspected—Interim </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Guidance” made by WHO, “Therapeutic Guidelines: Gastroenteropathy Section (Version V of Original)” and “Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotics Section (Version XV of Original)” published by Australia, and the origin of classical prescription of “Hanshi Zufei Decoction”: “Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases)”, “Jinkui Yaolue (Synopsis of Golden Chamber)” and “Wenyi Lun (Treatise on Plague). We search the dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine (Version II) manually. Literature </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> searched from 2001 to 2020 on </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Wiley online library. We conduct a comparative study on the traditional Chinese medicine</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(TCM) syndromes of </span><a name="OLE_LINK47"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”, the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of respiratory system diseases and acute gastrointestinal inflammation by COVID-19. And we conduct the pharmacological inquiry of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“Hanshi Zufei Decoction”. Results: The respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 and the basis of the “Hanshi Zufei Decoction” are basically considered to be consistent. “Hanshi Zufei Decoction” can relieve respiratory symptoms, protect gastrointestinal mucosa, promote intestinal emptying, and have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects in the form of clusters. The dosage form and dosage used are in line with the range of pharmacological activity of the drug. Conclusions: “Hanshi Zufei Decoction” may have a good performance in reducing toxicity and controlling inflammation through intestinal emptying, and may play an active role in the treatment of COVID-19.
基金National natural science foundation of China(No.81874496)Project of Hunan administration of traditional Chinese medicine(No.201808)Hunan education department project(No.18C0408)。
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of Huoxue Huayu detoxification method on the levels of GSK-3βandβ-catenin in OSF patients and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 120 patients with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF)treated in our hospital from May 2018 to December 2019 were selected and divided into routine treatment group and Huoxue Huayu detoxification group of 60 cases according to the lottery method.The routine treatment group was treated with triamcinolone acetonide injection,and the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group was treated with Huoxue Huayu detoxification.The lesion area,mouth opening degree,SFRP1 level in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva,TCM symptom score,TGF-β1,IL-6,GSK-3β,β-catenin expression and clinical effect were observed in the two groups.Results:After treatment,the lesion area of oral mucosa in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group was smaller than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05),and the mouth opening degree in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group was larger than that in the routine treatment group(P<0.05);After treatment,the level of SFRP1 in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva and clinical effect in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group were higher than those in the routine treatment group(P<0.05);the TCM syndrome score,TGF-β1,IL-6,GSK-3β,β-catenin expression in the Huoxue Huayu detoxification group were lower than those in the routine treatment group(P<0.05).Conclusion:By acting on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,Huoxue Huayu detoxification method can regulate the expression of TGF-β1,IL-6,GSK-3β,β-catenin,improve the clinical symptoms of patients with oral submucous fibrosis,alleviate the body inflammation,alleviate the pain,with remarkable effect.
文摘Objective:From the perspective of tumor amino acid metabolism imbalance,the application of fuzheng detoxification method in intervening in the transformation of colitis cancer was discussed.Methods:By consulting CNKI's concept of tumor microenvironment,energy metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and colitis cancer transformation,it provides theoretical and data support for research purposes.Results:The study found that the transformation of colitis cancer refers to the metabolic imbalance of the tumor microenvironment under the condition of repeated stimulation of chronic inflammatory responses of colon tissue,which is mainly related to energy metabolism,sugar metabolism,fat metabolism,and amino acid metabolism imbalance,which promotes the transformation of the inflammatory microenvironment to the tumor microenvironment.Amino acids as an important source of nutrients for cells,its metabolic imbalance is an important cause of inflammation and cancer transformation.Conclusion:Chinese medicine believes that the transformation of inflammation and cancer is mainly related to the incurable treatment of evil in the internal organs,the loss of Qi,and the poison damage to the blood network.Colon cancer disease mechanism is always positive deficiency and stasis,the pathogenesis is based on the virtual standard,the virtual and real are mixed,and the clinical use of correct detoxification to adjust the balance of the body.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260717)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(2021JQ-619)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation’s funded project(2017M613228)Research Fund for the Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Yan’an University(YDBK2019-65).
文摘Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum.It is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of F.graminearum within cereal heads,and it causes serious yield losses and significant contamination of cereal grains.In recent decades,genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the characterization of the molecular pathways of DON biosynthesis in F.graminearum and the environmental factors that influence DON accumulation.In addition,diverse scab resistance traits related to the repression of DON accumulation in plants have been identified,and experimental studies of wheat–pathogen interactions have contributed to understanding detoxification mechanisms in host plants.The present review illustrates and summarizes the molecular networks of DON mycotoxin production in F.graminearum and the methods of DON detoxification in plants based on the current literature,which provides molecular targets for crop improvement programs.This review also comprehensively discusses recent advances and challenges related to genetic engineering-mediated cultivar improvements to strengthen scab resistance.Furthermore,ongoing advancements in genetic engineering will enable the application of these molecular targets to develop more scab-resistant wheat cultivars with DON detoxification traits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972500 and 41930758)the Key Research&Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2021717)。
文摘Plants take up a wide range of trace metals/metalloids(hereinafter referred to as trace metals)from the soil,some of which are essential but become toxic at high concentrations(e.g.,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co),while others are non-essential and toxic even at relatively low concentrations(e.g.,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,and Hg).Soil contamination of trace metals is an increasing problem worldwide due to intensifying human activities.Trace metal contamination can cause toxicity and growth inhibition in plants,as well as accumulation in the edible parts to levels that threatens food safety and human health.Understanding the mechanisms of trace metal toxicity and how plants respond to trace metal stress is important for improving plant growth and food safety in contaminated soils.The accumulation of excess trace metals in plants can cause oxidative stress,genotoxicity,programmed cell death,and disturbance in multiple physiological processes.Plants have evolved various strategies to detoxify trace metals through cell-wall binding,complexation,vacuolar sequestration,efflux,and translocation.Multiple signal transduction pathways and regulatory responses are involved in plants challenged with trace metal stresses.In this review,we discuss the recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in trace metal toxicity,detoxification,and regulation,as well as strategies to enhance plant resistance to trace metal stresses and reduce toxic metal accumulation in food crops.
基金This study was financially supported by National Science Foundation(Nos.41907294,52000028 and 51878169)the Guangdong Innovation Team Project for Colleges and Universities(No.2016KCXTD023).
文摘Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TDCPP)by using Ti/SnO_(2)-Sb/La-PbO_(2)as anode was investigated for the first time,and the degradation mechanisms and toxicity changes of the degradation intermediates were further determined.Results suggested that electrochemical degradation of TDCPP followed pseudo-first-order kinetics,and the reaction rate constant(k)was 0.0332 min^(−1)at the applied current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)and Na_(2)SO_(4)concentration of 10 mmol/L.There was better TDCPP degradation performance at higher current density.Free hydroxy radical(•OH)was proved to play dominant role in TDCPP oxidation via quenching experiment,with a relative contribution rate of 60.1%.A total of five intermediates(M1,C_(6)H_(11)Cl_(4)O_(4)P;M2,C_(3)H_(7)Cl_(2)O_(4)P;M3,C_(9)H_(16)Cl_(5)O_(5)P;M4,C_(9)H_(14)Cl_(5)O_(6)P;M5,C_(6)H_(10)Cl_(3)O_(6)P)were identified,and the intermediates were further degraded prolonging with the reaction time.Flow cytometer results suggested that the toxicity of TDCPP and degradation intermediates significantly reduced,and the detoxification efficiency was achieved at 78.1%at 180 min.ECOSAR predictive model was used to assess the relative toxicity of TDCPP and the degradation intermediates.The EC_(50)to green algae was 3.59 mg/L for TDCPP,and the values raised to 84,574,54.6,391,and 8920 mg/L for M1,M2,M3,M4,and M5,respectively,indicating that the degradation intermediates are less toxic or not toxic.Electrochemical advanced oxidation process is a valid technology to degrade TDCPP and pose a good detoxification effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872030,31572064)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn20161040)the First-class Grassland Science Discipline Program in Shandong Province,China.
文摘Field monitoring revealed that the infection ratio of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in the whitefly(Bemisia tabaci MED)was relatively low in northern China.However,the role of this symbiont and the symbiont-whitefly-host plant interaction mechanism are poorly understood.We investigated the influence of Cardinium on the competitiveness of the host whitefly and the physiological interaction between the host plants and host whiteflies.Cardinium-infected whiteflies were displaced by uninfected whiteflies after 5 generations,which showed that Cardinium infection reduced whitefly competitiveness.The defense response genes of cotton significantly decreased under infestation by infected whiteflies compared to uninfected whiteflies.The expression of detoxification metabolism genes,especially the uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-glucuronyltransferase and P450 genes,in infected whiteflies significantly decreased.These results demonstrated that Cardinium could inhibit the defense response of the host plant and decrease the detoxification metabolism ability of the host whitefly.The reduced competitiveness of infected whiteflies may be associated with the inhibition of the whitefly detoxification metabolism by Cardinium,resulting in the reduced performance of infected whiteflies.However,Cardinium infection can suppress plant defenses,which may benefit both infected and uninfected whiteflies when they coexist.This research illustrates the symbiont–whitefly–host plant interaction mechanism and the population dynamics of the whitefly.
基金supported by the financial support of the Louis-Jeantet Foundation(to ACG).
文摘Apolipoprotein E is the major lipid transporter in the brain and an important player in neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling.It ensures the survival of neurons under stressful conditions and hyperactivity by nourishing and detoxifying them.Apolipoprotein E polymorphism,combined with environmental stresses and/or age-related alterations,influences the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.In this review,we discuss our current knowledge of how apolipoprotein E homeostasis,i.e.its synthesis,secretion,degradation,and lipidation,is affected in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(41930758,31972500,and 31520103914).
文摘Agricultural soils are under threat of toxic metal/metalloid contamination from anthropogenic activities,leading to excessive accumulation of arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and mercury(Hg)in food crops that poses significant risks to human health.Understanding how these toxic metals and their methylated species are taken up,translocated,and detoxified is prerequisite to developing strategies to limit their accumulation for safer food.Toxic metals are taken up and transported across different cellular compart-ments and plant tissues via various transporters for essential or beneficial nutrients,e.g.As by phosphate and silicon transporters,and Cd by manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),and iron(Fe)transporters.These transport processes are subjected to interactions with nutrients and the regulation at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.Complexation with thiol-rich compounds,such as phytochelatins,and sequestration in the vacuoles are the common mechanisms for detoxification and for limiting their translocation.A num-ber of genes involved in toxic metal uptake,transport,and detoxification have been identified,offering tar-gets for genetic manipulation via gene editing or transgenic technologies.Natural variations in toxic metal accumulation exist within crop germplasm,and some of the quantitative trait loci underlying these variations have been cloned,paving the way for marker-assisted breeding of low metal accumulation crops.Using plants to extract and remove toxic metals from soil is also possible,but this phytoremediation approach requires metal hyperaccumulation for efficiency.Knowledge gaps and future research needs are also discussed.
