BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical sy...BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical syndromes.Diagnosis has tradi-tionally comprised of conventional radiography and prenatal imaging studies.There has been much advancement regarding prenatal imaging modalities to allow for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AIM To summarize the current state of knowledge on congenital transverse limb deficiencies and to provide an update regarding the radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies.METHODS This IRB-exempt scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping reviews strictly.Five search engines were searched for a total of 265 publications.Four authors reviewed these during the screening process.Of these,51 studies were included in our article.Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D Ultrasound,and multidetector Computed tomography(CT)exist are emerging modalities that have the potential to improve diagnosis.RESULTS Use of the appropriate classification system,three-dimensional ultrasonography with a maximum intensity projection,and appropriate use of prenatal MRI and prenatal CT can improve diagnosis and inter-provider communication.CONCLUSION Further scholarly efforts are required to develop improve standardized guidelines regarding the pre-natal radiographic evaluation of congenital limb deficiencies.展开更多
Nutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide.Diseases and morbid conditions have been described to result from nutritional deficiencies.It is essential to address nutrient deficiencies as these may lead to chronic lo...Nutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide.Diseases and morbid conditions have been described to result from nutritional deficiencies.It is essential to address nutrient deficiencies as these may lead to chronic longterm health problems such as rickets,iron deficiency anemia,goiter,obesity,coronary heart disease,type2 diabetes,stroke,cancer and osteoporosis.In the present review we surveyed the extent and severity of nutritional deficiencies in Israel through a selective and comprehensive Medline review of previous reports and studies performed during the last 40 years.Israel populations have multiple nutritional deficiencies,including iron,calcium,zinc,folic acid,and vitamins B12,C,D and E,spanning all age groups,several minorities,and specific regions.In Israel,some of the nutrients are mandatorily implemented and many of them are implemented voluntarily by local industries.We suggest ways to prevent and treat the nutritional deficiencies,as a step to promote food fortification in Israel.展开更多
Objective: Nutritional deficiencies are known side-effects of bariatric surgeries, specifically in those that bypass the proximal intestine. Therefore, in clinical practice, vitamin and mineral supplementations are of...Objective: Nutritional deficiencies are known side-effects of bariatric surgeries, specifically in those that bypass the proximal intestine. Therefore, in clinical practice, vitamin and mineral supplementations are often necessary after such operations. It was our intention to evaluate, whether alimentary deficiencies occur with the same frequency in patients following Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SG) compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgeries. Methods: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of 171 patients (121 RYGB, 50 SG). Vitamin levels were compared between SG and RYGB patients over the first post-operative year. Furthermore, regression analysis was performed with regard to vitamin and iron supplementations and their recommended dosages. Complications occurring within the first post-surgical year were documented as well. Results: Other than vitamin B6 deficiency, which was found to be more frequent in SG patients, there was no other significant difference regarding the type of operation and the number of patients who had these deficiencies. There was no significant difference in average vitamin and iron levels between RYGB and SG. A minimum dose of 1000 IU vitamin D per day was necessary to affect vitamin D levels. The intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 was the only route found to be effective. Complications within the first year were rare. Conclusions: Against common assumptions, vitamin and iron deficiencies in SG patients are not less frequent in the first post-surgical year?in comparison to RYGB patients. Standard supplementations should include iron in premenopausal women: Vitamin D at least 1000 IU per day and vitamin B12 i.m. administration in case of a deficiency.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID) are rare, under-determined </span><span style="font-family:"">&l...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID) are rare, under-determined </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diseases particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The diagnosis is often suspected with uncommon clinical signs. Infections are the main diagnostic circumstances in infants. Confirmation is often difficult because some additional examinations are unavailable in many of our countries. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our aim was to share the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in PID. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case Presentation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> It is about two infants, a boy and a girl, with early several infections. Both of them presented a hypo-gammaglobulinemia and to the boy, the immuno-phenotyping lymphocyte showed a decrease</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> level of lymphocytes CD19. We are looking for genetic confirmation but it is not easy. The treatment of these infants require</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a substitution for life of immunoglobulin w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ich </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> unavailable in our countries. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> PID are suspected with atypical clinical signs. Confirmation genetic diagnosis is difficult in low income countries. To improve the follow up, we need to strengthen clinical-biological collaboration.</span></span>展开更多
AIM To compare high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) findings between humoral primary immunodeficiencies(hPIDs) subtypes; to correlate these findings to pulmonary function tests(PFTs).METHODS We retrospectively id...AIM To compare high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) findings between humoral primary immunodeficiencies(hPIDs) subtypes; to correlate these findings to pulmonary function tests(PFTs).METHODS We retrospectively identified 52 consecutive adult patients with hPIDs who underwent 64-row HRCT and PFTs at the time of diagnosis. On a per-patient basis, an experienced radiologist recorded airway abnormalities(bronchiectasis,airway wall thickening, mucus plugging, tree-in-bud, and air-trapping) and parenchymal-interstitial abnormalities(consolidations, ground-glass opacities,linear and/or irregular opacities, nodules, and bullae/cysts) found on HRCT.The chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalence of each abnormality among patients with different subtypes of hPIDs. Overall logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether HRCT findings predicted obstructive and/or restrictive PFTs results(absent-to-mild vs moderate-tosevere).RESULTS Thirty-eight of the 52 patients with hPIDs showed common variable immunodeficiency disorders(CVID), while the remaining 14 had CVID-like conditions(i.e., 11 had isolated IgG subclass deficiencies and 3 had selective IgA deficiencies). The prevalence of most HRCT abnormalities was not significantly different between CVID and CVID-like patients(P > 0.05), except for linear and/or irregular opacities(prevalence of 31.6% in the CVID group and 0 in the CVID-like group; P = 0.0427). Airway wall thickening was the most frequent HRCT abnormality found in both CVID and CVID-like patients(71% of cases in both groups). The presence of tree-in-bud abnormalities was an independent predictor of moderate-to-severe obstructive defects at PFTs(Odds Ratio, OR, of 18.75, P < 0.05), while the presence of linear and/or irregular opacities was an independent predictor of restrictive defects at PFTs(OR = 13.00; P < 0.05).CONCLUSION CVID and CVID-like patients showed similar HRCT findings. Tree-in-bud and linear and/or irregular opacities predicted higher risks of, respectively,obstructive and restrictive defects at PFTs.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I m...<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was performed on orthopantomograph films of 50 individuals with UCLP aged between 12 - 16 years and 50 individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion individuals aged between 13 - 15 years. Individuals with UCLP;32 clefts were on the left side and 18 clefts were on the right side. Permanent third molar teeth deficiency was excluded from the study. <strong>Results: </strong>In 50 individuals with UCLP;35 (70%) upper lateral incisors were congenitally deficient in the cleft area, while 15 (30%) missing lateral teeth were found in the non-cleft side. In control group, 12 (24%) of 50 patients had congenital lateral incisor deficiency. Congenital deficiency of upper lateral incisor in UCLP;the cleft area was higher than the non-cleft side (p < 0.01). The difference was statistically important when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In 50 individuals with UCLP;while 27 (54%) of second premolar teeth were congenitally deficient in cleft side, 23 (46%) were missing in non-cleft side. In control group, 18 (36%) congenital second premolar deficiency was detected. However, second premolar congenital deficiency was higher in UCLP group when compared to control group (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The deficiency of the lateral incisors in the cleft side is more often congenitally deficient than upper second premolar teeth and this should be considered in the treatment planning from an early age.展开更多
The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cu...The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into English majors' core courses,such as the writing courses,remains one of the most important tasks of teaching reform for English majors.The present study is aimed at having a systematic analysis on the causal reasoning deficiencies in English majors' argumentative writing.Furthermore,the reasons resulting in the causal reasoning deficiencies and the implications for the teaching of second language writing are explored.展开更多
Although Ghana produces natural gas and has several gas reserves, the country still depends on supplies from neighbouring countries for power generation due to challenges like fuel suppl</span><span style=&qu...Although Ghana produces natural gas and has several gas reserves, the country still depends on supplies from neighbouring countries for power generation due to challenges like fuel suppl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> inefficiencies and increasing cost of gas production. Gas supply is thus a limiting factor for power generation. This study explores strategies to improve gas supplies for sustainable power generation in Ghana. The study examined the underlying factors inhibiting gas supplies in Ghana, investigated the risks in the gas supply industry, and explored strategies for improving gas supplies in Ghana. The study adopted an inductive approach that utilises both qualitative and quantitative research methods. With the use of questionnaires, data were collected from 151 respondents who were selected by purposive and snowball sampling procedures. The collected data were descriptively and inferentially analysed with analytical tools in the SPSS. The study</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s findings conclude that factors that inhibit gas supply in Ghana include the lack of growth and supply investment in the gas supply industry, power sector debt on the gas market, and the lack of an extensive distribution infrastructure/network. Also, the gas industry in Ghana lacks the requisite investment drive which culminates into inefficiency and ultimately undermines efforts to achieve sustainable power generation. Politics influence in issues relating to gas supplies in Ghana inhibits long-term supply relationships and permanent infrastructure in gas supply, both locally and on the world market.展开更多
Evidence that nitrogen (N) fertilization tends to accelerate maturation as well as increase rates of growth has received little attention when diagnosing N deficiencies in corn (Zea mays L.).Such a tendency could be a...Evidence that nitrogen (N) fertilization tends to accelerate maturation as well as increase rates of growth has received little attention when diagnosing N deficiencies in corn (Zea mays L.).Such a tendency could be a potential source of errors when the diagnosis is solely based on comparing plants with different rates of growth.Whether N fertilization could accelerate rates of growth and maturation was tested in a field study with 12 paired plots representing relatively large variability in soil properties and landscape positions.The plots were located under conditions where preplant N fertilization reduced or avoided temporary N shortages for some plants but did not reduce for other plants early in the season.We measured corn heights to the youngest leaf collar,stages of growth and chlorophyll meter readings (CMRs). The added N advanced growth stages as well as increased corn heights and CMRs at any given time.Fertilization effects on corn heights,growth stages and ear weights were statistically significant (P<0.05) despite substantial variability associated with landscape.Reductions in growth due to a temporary shortage of N within a growth stage might be partially offset by longer periods of growth within that stage to physiological maturity.Temporary shortages of N,therefore,may produce symptoms of N deficiency in situations where subsequent additions of N should not be expected to increase yields.Recognition of these two somewhat different effects (i.e.,increase growth rates and advance growth stages) on corn growth could help to define N deficiency more precisely and to improve the accuracy of diagnosing N status in production agriculture.展开更多
Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis(CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus...Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis(CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.展开更多
Many studies have shown that chlorophyll meter readings(CMRs) can be used to diagnose deficiencies of nitrogen(N) during the growth of corn(Zea mays L.) in small-plot trials,but there is need to address additional pro...Many studies have shown that chlorophyll meter readings(CMRs) can be used to diagnose deficiencies of nitrogen(N) during the growth of corn(Zea mays L.) in small-plot trials,but there is need to address additional problems encountered when diagnoses are made in fields of the size managed in production agriculture. A noteworthy difference between smallplot trials and production agriculture is the extent to which the effects of N are confounded with the effects of other factors such as tillage,landscape,soil organic matter and moisture content. We illustrate how some of these factors can cause differences in the physiological age of plants and introduce errors in the diagnoses of N deficiencies. We suggest methods(measuring the height to the youngest leaf collar and assigning leaf numbers by using the first leaf with pubescence and the ear leaf as references to identify growth stages) for minimizing these errors. The simplified method of growth stage identification can be used to select appropriate plants and leaves for making diagnoses in fields and to distinguish the effects of N from the effects of other factors that infiuence plant growth.展开更多
Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus,it's necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsi...Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus,it's necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsive genes. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)is essential for detecting the expression of the interested genes,of which the selection of suitable reference genes is a crucial step before qRT-PCR. To date,reliable reference genes to normalize qRT-PCR data under different nutrient deficiencies have not been reported in plants. In this study,expression of ten candidate reference genes was detected in leaves and roots of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)after implementing different nutrient deficiencies for 14 days. These candidate genes,included two traditionally used reference genes and eight genes selected from an RNASeqdataset. Two software packages(Ge Norm,Norm Finder)were employed to evaluate candidate gene stability. Results showed that VHA-E1 was the highest-ranked gene in leaves of nutrient-deficient rapeseed,while VHA-G1 and UBC21 were most stable in nutrient-deficient roots. When rapeseed leaves and roots were combined,UBC21,HTB1,VHA-G1 and ACT7 were most stable among all samples. To evaluate the stabilities of the highest-ranked genes,the relative expression of two target genes,Bn Trx1;1 and Bn Pht1;3 were further determined. The results showed that the relative expression of Bn Trx1;1 depended on reference gene selection,suggesting that it's necessary to evaluate the stability of reference gene prior to qRT-PCR. This study provides suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis of rapeseed responses to different nutrient deficiencies,which is essential for elucidation of mechanisms underlying rapeseed responses to multiple nutrient deficiency stresses.展开更多
This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a service system platform based on the Internet of Things(IoT)for monitoring nutritional deficiencies in plants and providing fertilizer recommendations.Ther...This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a service system platform based on the Internet of Things(IoT)for monitoring nutritional deficiencies in plants and providing fertilizer recommendations.There are two distinct differences between this work and previous ones;namely,this service system platform has been developed based on IoT using a system engineering approach and its performance has been evaluated using dependability.We have successfully developed and integrated a service system platform and chlorophyll meter that is based on IoT.We have also successfully tested the performance of the service system platform using the JMeter software.The dependability value measured from the five tested variables(reliability,availability,integrity,maintainability,and safety)showed a value of 0.97 which represents a very good level of system confidence in not failing to deliver services to users under normal operational conditions.From a future perspective,this platform can be used as an alternative service to monitor nutrient deficiencies in plants and provide fertilization recommendations to increase yields,reduce fertilizer costs,and prevent the use of excessive fertilizers,which can cause environmental pollution.展开更多
A summary of the exploration of the teaching mode of the general practice teaching clinic, a summary of the deficiencies of the teaching clinic and a summary of the significance of the establishment of the general pra...A summary of the exploration of the teaching mode of the general practice teaching clinic, a summary of the deficiencies of the teaching clinic and a summary of the significance of the establishment of the general practice teaching clinic are presented with a view to promoting the development of general practice and cultivating more excellent successors in general practice.展开更多
The monocrystalline silicon is a promising material that could be used in solar cells that convert light into electricity. Although the cost of ordinary silicon (Si) solar cells has decreased significantly over the pa...The monocrystalline silicon is a promising material that could be used in solar cells that convert light into electricity. Although the cost of ordinary silicon (Si) solar cells has decreased significantly over the past two decades, the conversion efficiency of these cells has remained relatively high. While solar cells have a great potential as a device of renewable energy, the high cost they incur per Watt continues to be a significant barrier to their widespread implementation. As a consequence, it is vital to conduct research into alternate materials that may be used in the construction of solar cells. The heterojunction solar cell (HJSC), which is based on n-type zinc oxide (n-ZnO) and p-type silicon (p-Si), is one of the numerous alternatives of the typical Si single homojunction solar cell. There are many deficiencies that can be found in the published research on n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction solar cell. Inconsistencies in the stated value of open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of the solar cell are one example of deficiency. The absence of a full theoretical study to evaluate the potential of the solar cell structure is another deficiency that can be found in these researches. A lower value of experimentally obtained V<sub>OC</sub> in comparison to the theoretical prediction based on the band-gap between n-ZnO and p-Si. There needs to be more consensus among scientists regarding the optimal conditions for the growth of zinc oxide. Many software’s are available for simulating and optimizing the solar cells based on these parameters. For this purpose, in this dissertation, I provide computational results relevant to n-ZnO/p-Si HJSC to overcome deficiencies that have been identified. While modeling and simulating the potential of the solar cell structure with AFORS-HET, it is essential to consider the constraints that exist in the real world. AFORS-HET was explicitly designed to mimic the multilayer solar cell arrangement. In AFORS-HET, we can add up to seven layers for solar cell layout. By using this software, we can figure out the open circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>), the short circuit current (J<sub>SC</sub>), the quantum efficiency (QE, %), the heterojunction energy band structure, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE).展开更多
目的研究采用靶向代谢组学方法,观察苍术麸炒前后对脾虚大鼠血清氨基酸水平的变化,探讨苍术炮制机制。方法72只大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、低剂量生苍术组(生低组)、中剂量生苍术组(生中组)、高剂量生苍术组(生高组)、低剂量麸炒苍术...目的研究采用靶向代谢组学方法,观察苍术麸炒前后对脾虚大鼠血清氨基酸水平的变化,探讨苍术炮制机制。方法72只大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、低剂量生苍术组(生低组)、中剂量生苍术组(生中组)、高剂量生苍术组(生高组)、低剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒低组)、中剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒中组)和高剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒高组),共8组,每组9只。除正常组外,模型组通过过度疲劳、苦寒泻下和饮食不节法造模。对各组大鼠采用酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)方法测定颌下腺中水通道蛋白3(Aquaporin-3,AQP-3)、水通道蛋白4(AQP-4)、水通道蛋白5(AQP-5)、水通道蛋白8(AQP-8)的含量,结肠中水通道蛋白1(AQP-1)、水通道蛋白2(AQP-2)、水通道蛋白9(AQP-9)、紧密连接蛋白1(zonula occludes protein-1,ZO-1)的含量。对生中组和麸炒中组采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UH-PLC-MS/MS)检测血清中24种氨基酸水平的变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组中颌下腺AQP-3、AQP-4、AQP-5、AQP-8的含量显著降低(P<0.05);模型组中结肠AQP-1和AQP-2的含量显著升高(P<0.05),AQP-9和ZO-1的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。生苍术和麸炒苍术对上述指标均有调节作用。经进一步同等剂量的生苍术和麸炒苍术相比,麸炒中组使上述指标含量升高更明显。与正常组比较,模型组血清中L-缬氨酸等4种物质的水平显著升高(P<0.05),L-酪氨酸等11种物质的水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。经进一步比较,麸炒苍术对上述指标调节效果优于生苍术。靶向代谢通路分析表明,这些差异代谢物主要与精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、氨酰tRNA生物合成、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢通路有关。结论苍术炮制后的增效机制可能与对脾虚大鼠血清中氨基酸调节有关。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Congenital transverse deficiencies are horizontal deficiencies of the long bones that occur with a reported incidence as high 0.38%.They can occur alone or represent a manifestation of a various clinical syndromes.Diagnosis has tradi-tionally comprised of conventional radiography and prenatal imaging studies.There has been much advancement regarding prenatal imaging modalities to allow for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.AIM To summarize the current state of knowledge on congenital transverse limb deficiencies and to provide an update regarding the radiographic evaluation of congenital transverse limb deficiencies.METHODS This IRB-exempt scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist for scoping reviews strictly.Five search engines were searched for a total of 265 publications.Four authors reviewed these during the screening process.Of these,51 studies were included in our article.Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),3D Ultrasound,and multidetector Computed tomography(CT)exist are emerging modalities that have the potential to improve diagnosis.RESULTS Use of the appropriate classification system,three-dimensional ultrasonography with a maximum intensity projection,and appropriate use of prenatal MRI and prenatal CT can improve diagnosis and inter-provider communication.CONCLUSION Further scholarly efforts are required to develop improve standardized guidelines regarding the pre-natal radiographic evaluation of congenital limb deficiencies.
文摘Nutrient deficiencies are prevalent worldwide.Diseases and morbid conditions have been described to result from nutritional deficiencies.It is essential to address nutrient deficiencies as these may lead to chronic longterm health problems such as rickets,iron deficiency anemia,goiter,obesity,coronary heart disease,type2 diabetes,stroke,cancer and osteoporosis.In the present review we surveyed the extent and severity of nutritional deficiencies in Israel through a selective and comprehensive Medline review of previous reports and studies performed during the last 40 years.Israel populations have multiple nutritional deficiencies,including iron,calcium,zinc,folic acid,and vitamins B12,C,D and E,spanning all age groups,several minorities,and specific regions.In Israel,some of the nutrients are mandatorily implemented and many of them are implemented voluntarily by local industries.We suggest ways to prevent and treat the nutritional deficiencies,as a step to promote food fortification in Israel.
文摘Objective: Nutritional deficiencies are known side-effects of bariatric surgeries, specifically in those that bypass the proximal intestine. Therefore, in clinical practice, vitamin and mineral supplementations are often necessary after such operations. It was our intention to evaluate, whether alimentary deficiencies occur with the same frequency in patients following Sleeve-Gastrectomy (SG) compared to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgeries. Methods: We conducted a retrospective data analysis of 171 patients (121 RYGB, 50 SG). Vitamin levels were compared between SG and RYGB patients over the first post-operative year. Furthermore, regression analysis was performed with regard to vitamin and iron supplementations and their recommended dosages. Complications occurring within the first post-surgical year were documented as well. Results: Other than vitamin B6 deficiency, which was found to be more frequent in SG patients, there was no other significant difference regarding the type of operation and the number of patients who had these deficiencies. There was no significant difference in average vitamin and iron levels between RYGB and SG. A minimum dose of 1000 IU vitamin D per day was necessary to affect vitamin D levels. The intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 was the only route found to be effective. Complications within the first year were rare. Conclusions: Against common assumptions, vitamin and iron deficiencies in SG patients are not less frequent in the first post-surgical year?in comparison to RYGB patients. Standard supplementations should include iron in premenopausal women: Vitamin D at least 1000 IU per day and vitamin B12 i.m. administration in case of a deficiency.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Primary Immune Deficiencies (PID) are rare, under-determined </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">diseases particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The diagnosis is often suspected with uncommon clinical signs. Infections are the main diagnostic circumstances in infants. Confirmation is often difficult because some additional examinations are unavailable in many of our countries. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Our aim was to share the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in PID. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case Presentation:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> It is about two infants, a boy and a girl, with early several infections. Both of them presented a hypo-gammaglobulinemia and to the boy, the immuno-phenotyping lymphocyte showed a decrease</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> level of lymphocytes CD19. We are looking for genetic confirmation but it is not easy. The treatment of these infants require</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a substitution for life of immunoglobulin w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">h</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ich </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> unavailable in our countries. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> PID are suspected with atypical clinical signs. Confirmation genetic diagnosis is difficult in low income countries. To improve the follow up, we need to strengthen clinical-biological collaboration.</span></span>
基金funded by Department of Medicine, University of Udine (Udine, Italy) in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines (http://www.ismpp.org/gpp3)
文摘AIM To compare high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) findings between humoral primary immunodeficiencies(hPIDs) subtypes; to correlate these findings to pulmonary function tests(PFTs).METHODS We retrospectively identified 52 consecutive adult patients with hPIDs who underwent 64-row HRCT and PFTs at the time of diagnosis. On a per-patient basis, an experienced radiologist recorded airway abnormalities(bronchiectasis,airway wall thickening, mucus plugging, tree-in-bud, and air-trapping) and parenchymal-interstitial abnormalities(consolidations, ground-glass opacities,linear and/or irregular opacities, nodules, and bullae/cysts) found on HRCT.The chi-square test was performed to compare the prevalence of each abnormality among patients with different subtypes of hPIDs. Overall logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether HRCT findings predicted obstructive and/or restrictive PFTs results(absent-to-mild vs moderate-tosevere).RESULTS Thirty-eight of the 52 patients with hPIDs showed common variable immunodeficiency disorders(CVID), while the remaining 14 had CVID-like conditions(i.e., 11 had isolated IgG subclass deficiencies and 3 had selective IgA deficiencies). The prevalence of most HRCT abnormalities was not significantly different between CVID and CVID-like patients(P > 0.05), except for linear and/or irregular opacities(prevalence of 31.6% in the CVID group and 0 in the CVID-like group; P = 0.0427). Airway wall thickening was the most frequent HRCT abnormality found in both CVID and CVID-like patients(71% of cases in both groups). The presence of tree-in-bud abnormalities was an independent predictor of moderate-to-severe obstructive defects at PFTs(Odds Ratio, OR, of 18.75, P < 0.05), while the presence of linear and/or irregular opacities was an independent predictor of restrictive defects at PFTs(OR = 13.00; P < 0.05).CONCLUSION CVID and CVID-like patients showed similar HRCT findings. Tree-in-bud and linear and/or irregular opacities predicted higher risks of, respectively,obstructive and restrictive defects at PFTs.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To compare the congenital tooth deficiencies seen in permanent dentition in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) to non-cleft individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion. <strong>Method:</strong> The study was performed on orthopantomograph films of 50 individuals with UCLP aged between 12 - 16 years and 50 individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion individuals aged between 13 - 15 years. Individuals with UCLP;32 clefts were on the left side and 18 clefts were on the right side. Permanent third molar teeth deficiency was excluded from the study. <strong>Results: </strong>In 50 individuals with UCLP;35 (70%) upper lateral incisors were congenitally deficient in the cleft area, while 15 (30%) missing lateral teeth were found in the non-cleft side. In control group, 12 (24%) of 50 patients had congenital lateral incisor deficiency. Congenital deficiency of upper lateral incisor in UCLP;the cleft area was higher than the non-cleft side (p < 0.01). The difference was statistically important when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In 50 individuals with UCLP;while 27 (54%) of second premolar teeth were congenitally deficient in cleft side, 23 (46%) were missing in non-cleft side. In control group, 18 (36%) congenital second premolar deficiency was detected. However, second premolar congenital deficiency was higher in UCLP group when compared to control group (p < 0.01). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The deficiency of the lateral incisors in the cleft side is more often congenitally deficient than upper second premolar teeth and this should be considered in the treatment planning from an early age.
文摘The Syllabus for English Majors at Universities and Colleges(2000) makes it clear to further strengthen the English majors' critical thinking and logical reasoning ability.But how to effectively incorporate the cultivation of critical thinking skills into English majors' core courses,such as the writing courses,remains one of the most important tasks of teaching reform for English majors.The present study is aimed at having a systematic analysis on the causal reasoning deficiencies in English majors' argumentative writing.Furthermore,the reasons resulting in the causal reasoning deficiencies and the implications for the teaching of second language writing are explored.
文摘Although Ghana produces natural gas and has several gas reserves, the country still depends on supplies from neighbouring countries for power generation due to challenges like fuel suppl</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">y</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> inefficiencies and increasing cost of gas production. Gas supply is thus a limiting factor for power generation. This study explores strategies to improve gas supplies for sustainable power generation in Ghana. The study examined the underlying factors inhibiting gas supplies in Ghana, investigated the risks in the gas supply industry, and explored strategies for improving gas supplies in Ghana. The study adopted an inductive approach that utilises both qualitative and quantitative research methods. With the use of questionnaires, data were collected from 151 respondents who were selected by purposive and snowball sampling procedures. The collected data were descriptively and inferentially analysed with analytical tools in the SPSS. The study</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s findings conclude that factors that inhibit gas supply in Ghana include the lack of growth and supply investment in the gas supply industry, power sector debt on the gas market, and the lack of an extensive distribution infrastructure/network. Also, the gas industry in Ghana lacks the requisite investment drive which culminates into inefficiency and ultimately undermines efforts to achieve sustainable power generation. Politics influence in issues relating to gas supplies in Ghana inhibits long-term supply relationships and permanent infrastructure in gas supply, both locally and on the world market.
基金Project supported by the Iowa Soybean Association,USA through the ISA On-Farm Network~(TM)
文摘Evidence that nitrogen (N) fertilization tends to accelerate maturation as well as increase rates of growth has received little attention when diagnosing N deficiencies in corn (Zea mays L.).Such a tendency could be a potential source of errors when the diagnosis is solely based on comparing plants with different rates of growth.Whether N fertilization could accelerate rates of growth and maturation was tested in a field study with 12 paired plots representing relatively large variability in soil properties and landscape positions.The plots were located under conditions where preplant N fertilization reduced or avoided temporary N shortages for some plants but did not reduce for other plants early in the season.We measured corn heights to the youngest leaf collar,stages of growth and chlorophyll meter readings (CMRs). The added N advanced growth stages as well as increased corn heights and CMRs at any given time.Fertilization effects on corn heights,growth stages and ear weights were statistically significant (P<0.05) despite substantial variability associated with landscape.Reductions in growth due to a temporary shortage of N within a growth stage might be partially offset by longer periods of growth within that stage to physiological maturity.Temporary shortages of N,therefore,may produce symptoms of N deficiency in situations where subsequent additions of N should not be expected to increase yields.Recognition of these two somewhat different effects (i.e.,increase growth rates and advance growth stages) on corn growth could help to define N deficiency more precisely and to improve the accuracy of diagnosing N status in production agriculture.
文摘Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis(CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.
基金the Iowa Soybean Association, USA through the ISA On-Farm NetworkTM and Watershed Programming.
文摘Many studies have shown that chlorophyll meter readings(CMRs) can be used to diagnose deficiencies of nitrogen(N) during the growth of corn(Zea mays L.) in small-plot trials,but there is need to address additional problems encountered when diagnoses are made in fields of the size managed in production agriculture. A noteworthy difference between smallplot trials and production agriculture is the extent to which the effects of N are confounded with the effects of other factors such as tillage,landscape,soil organic matter and moisture content. We illustrate how some of these factors can cause differences in the physiological age of plants and introduce errors in the diagnoses of N deficiencies. We suggest methods(measuring the height to the youngest leaf collar and assigning leaf numbers by using the first leaf with pubescence and the ear leaf as references to identify growth stages) for minimizing these errors. The simplified method of growth stage identification can be used to select appropriate plants and leaves for making diagnoses in fields and to distinguish the effects of N from the effects of other factors that infiuence plant growth.
基金supported by the grants from the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2013OCRI)the Excellent Young Scientist Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610172015004)an open project funded by State Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,China(SKLCUSA-b201403)
文摘Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus,it's necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsive genes. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)is essential for detecting the expression of the interested genes,of which the selection of suitable reference genes is a crucial step before qRT-PCR. To date,reliable reference genes to normalize qRT-PCR data under different nutrient deficiencies have not been reported in plants. In this study,expression of ten candidate reference genes was detected in leaves and roots of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)after implementing different nutrient deficiencies for 14 days. These candidate genes,included two traditionally used reference genes and eight genes selected from an RNASeqdataset. Two software packages(Ge Norm,Norm Finder)were employed to evaluate candidate gene stability. Results showed that VHA-E1 was the highest-ranked gene in leaves of nutrient-deficient rapeseed,while VHA-G1 and UBC21 were most stable in nutrient-deficient roots. When rapeseed leaves and roots were combined,UBC21,HTB1,VHA-G1 and ACT7 were most stable among all samples. To evaluate the stabilities of the highest-ranked genes,the relative expression of two target genes,Bn Trx1;1 and Bn Pht1;3 were further determined. The results showed that the relative expression of Bn Trx1;1 depended on reference gene selection,suggesting that it's necessary to evaluate the stability of reference gene prior to qRT-PCR. This study provides suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis of rapeseed responses to different nutrient deficiencies,which is essential for elucidation of mechanisms underlying rapeseed responses to multiple nutrient deficiency stresses.
文摘This study aimed to develop and evaluate the performance of a service system platform based on the Internet of Things(IoT)for monitoring nutritional deficiencies in plants and providing fertilizer recommendations.There are two distinct differences between this work and previous ones;namely,this service system platform has been developed based on IoT using a system engineering approach and its performance has been evaluated using dependability.We have successfully developed and integrated a service system platform and chlorophyll meter that is based on IoT.We have also successfully tested the performance of the service system platform using the JMeter software.The dependability value measured from the five tested variables(reliability,availability,integrity,maintainability,and safety)showed a value of 0.97 which represents a very good level of system confidence in not failing to deliver services to users under normal operational conditions.From a future perspective,this platform can be used as an alternative service to monitor nutrient deficiencies in plants and provide fertilization recommendations to increase yields,reduce fertilizer costs,and prevent the use of excessive fertilizers,which can cause environmental pollution.
文摘A summary of the exploration of the teaching mode of the general practice teaching clinic, a summary of the deficiencies of the teaching clinic and a summary of the significance of the establishment of the general practice teaching clinic are presented with a view to promoting the development of general practice and cultivating more excellent successors in general practice.
文摘The monocrystalline silicon is a promising material that could be used in solar cells that convert light into electricity. Although the cost of ordinary silicon (Si) solar cells has decreased significantly over the past two decades, the conversion efficiency of these cells has remained relatively high. While solar cells have a great potential as a device of renewable energy, the high cost they incur per Watt continues to be a significant barrier to their widespread implementation. As a consequence, it is vital to conduct research into alternate materials that may be used in the construction of solar cells. The heterojunction solar cell (HJSC), which is based on n-type zinc oxide (n-ZnO) and p-type silicon (p-Si), is one of the numerous alternatives of the typical Si single homojunction solar cell. There are many deficiencies that can be found in the published research on n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction solar cell. Inconsistencies in the stated value of open circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of the solar cell are one example of deficiency. The absence of a full theoretical study to evaluate the potential of the solar cell structure is another deficiency that can be found in these researches. A lower value of experimentally obtained V<sub>OC</sub> in comparison to the theoretical prediction based on the band-gap between n-ZnO and p-Si. There needs to be more consensus among scientists regarding the optimal conditions for the growth of zinc oxide. Many software’s are available for simulating and optimizing the solar cells based on these parameters. For this purpose, in this dissertation, I provide computational results relevant to n-ZnO/p-Si HJSC to overcome deficiencies that have been identified. While modeling and simulating the potential of the solar cell structure with AFORS-HET, it is essential to consider the constraints that exist in the real world. AFORS-HET was explicitly designed to mimic the multilayer solar cell arrangement. In AFORS-HET, we can add up to seven layers for solar cell layout. By using this software, we can figure out the open circuit voltage (V<sub>OC</sub>), the short circuit current (J<sub>SC</sub>), the quantum efficiency (QE, %), the heterojunction energy band structure, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE).
文摘目的研究采用靶向代谢组学方法,观察苍术麸炒前后对脾虚大鼠血清氨基酸水平的变化,探讨苍术炮制机制。方法72只大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、低剂量生苍术组(生低组)、中剂量生苍术组(生中组)、高剂量生苍术组(生高组)、低剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒低组)、中剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒中组)和高剂量麸炒苍术组(麸炒高组),共8组,每组9只。除正常组外,模型组通过过度疲劳、苦寒泻下和饮食不节法造模。对各组大鼠采用酶联免疫吸附测定(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA)方法测定颌下腺中水通道蛋白3(Aquaporin-3,AQP-3)、水通道蛋白4(AQP-4)、水通道蛋白5(AQP-5)、水通道蛋白8(AQP-8)的含量,结肠中水通道蛋白1(AQP-1)、水通道蛋白2(AQP-2)、水通道蛋白9(AQP-9)、紧密连接蛋白1(zonula occludes protein-1,ZO-1)的含量。对生中组和麸炒中组采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UH-PLC-MS/MS)检测血清中24种氨基酸水平的变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组中颌下腺AQP-3、AQP-4、AQP-5、AQP-8的含量显著降低(P<0.05);模型组中结肠AQP-1和AQP-2的含量显著升高(P<0.05),AQP-9和ZO-1的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。生苍术和麸炒苍术对上述指标均有调节作用。经进一步同等剂量的生苍术和麸炒苍术相比,麸炒中组使上述指标含量升高更明显。与正常组比较,模型组血清中L-缬氨酸等4种物质的水平显著升高(P<0.05),L-酪氨酸等11种物质的水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。经进一步比较,麸炒苍术对上述指标调节效果优于生苍术。靶向代谢通路分析表明,这些差异代谢物主要与精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、氨酰tRNA生物合成、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、乙醛酸和二羧酸代谢通路有关。结论苍术炮制后的增效机制可能与对脾虚大鼠血清中氨基酸调节有关。
