Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,develo...Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan.The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan region.We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty.The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques.Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults now.On a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities.The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous findings.However,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region.In the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions.Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the intensification of social aging,the susceptibility of the elderly population to diseases has attracted increasing attention,especially chronic heart failure(CHF)that accounts for a large proportion...BACKGROUND With the intensification of social aging,the susceptibility of the elderly population to diseases has attracted increasing attention,especially chronic heart failure(CHF)that accounts for a large proportion of the elderly.AIM To evaluate the application value of health concept model-based detailed behavioral care in elderly patients with CHF.METHODS This study recruited 116 elderly CHF patients admitted from October 2018 to October 2020 and grouped them according to the nursing care that they received.The elderly patients who underwent health concept model-based detailed behavioral care were included in a study group(SG;n=62),and those who underwent routine detailed behavioral nursing intervention were included as a control group(CG;n=54).Patients’negative emotions(NEs),quality of life(QoL),and nutritional status were assessed using the self-rating anxiety/depression scale(SAS/SDS),the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ),and the Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment(MQSGA)of nutrition,respectively.Differences in rehabilitation efficiency,NEs,cardiac function(CF)indexes,nutritional status,QoL,and nursing satisfaction were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS A higher response rate was recorded in the SG vs the CG after intervention(P<0.05).After care,the left ventricular ejection fraction was higher while the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular end systolic diameter were lower in the SG compared with the CG(P<0.05).The post-intervention SAS and SDS scores,as well as MQSGA and MLHFQ scores,were also lower in the SG(P<0.05).The SG was also superior to the CG in the overall nursing satisfaction rate(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Health concept model-based detailed behavioral care has high application value in the nursing care of elderly CHF patients,and it can not only effectively enhance rehabilitation efficiency,but also mitigate patients’NEs and improve their CF and QoL.展开更多
The use of three-dimensional maps is more effective than two-dimensional maps in representing the Earth’s surface. However, the traditional methods used to create digital surface models are not efficient for capturin...The use of three-dimensional maps is more effective than two-dimensional maps in representing the Earth’s surface. However, the traditional methods used to create digital surface models are not efficient for capturing the details of Earth’s features. This is because they represent only three-dimensional objects in a single texture and do not provide a realistic representation of the real world. Additionally, there is a growing demand for up-to-date and accurate geo-information, particularly in urban areas. To address this challenge, a new technique is proposed in this study that involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic Information System, and Architecture Environment software to generate a highly-detailed three-dimensional model. The method described in this study includes several steps such as acquiring high-resolution satellite imagery, gathering ground truth data, performing radiometric and geometric corrections during image preprocessing, producing a 2D map of the region of interest, constructing a digital surface model by extending the building outlines, and transforming the model into multi-patch layers to create a 3D model for each object individually. The research findings indicate that the digital surface model obtained with comprehensive information is suitable for different purposes, such as environmental research, urban development and expansion planning, and shape recognition tasks.展开更多
With the increasing proportion of wind power integration, the volatility of wind power brings huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the electric power system. At present, the indexes commonly used to eva...With the increasing proportion of wind power integration, the volatility of wind power brings huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the electric power system. At present, the indexes commonly used to evaluate the volatility of wind power only consider its overall characteristics, such as the standard deviation of wind power, the average of power variables, etc., while ignoring the detailed volatility of wind power, that is, the features of the frequency distribution of power variables. However, how to accurately describe the detailed volatility of wind power is the key foundation to reduce its adverse influences. To address this, a quantitative method for evaluating the detailed volatility of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales is proposed. First, the volatility indexes which can evaluate the detailed fluctuation characteristics of wind power are presented, including the upper confidence limit, lower confidence limit and confidence interval of power variables under the certain confidence level. Then, the actual wind power data from a location in northern China is used to illustrate the application of the proposed indexes at multiple temporal(year–season–month–day) and spatial scales(wind turbine–wind turbines–wind farm–wind farms) using the calculation time windows of 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h. Finally, the relationships between wind power forecasting accuracy and its corresponding detailed volatility are analyzed to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed indexes. The results show that the proposed volatility indexes can effectively characterize the detailed fluctuations of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales. It is anticipated that the results of this study will serve as an important reference for the reserve capacity planning and optimization dispatch in the electric power system which with a high proportion of renewable energy.展开更多
Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management.An extended Shockley-Queisser model is used to identify f...Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management.An extended Shockley-Queisser model is used to identify fundamental loss mechanisms and link the losses to the optics of solar cells.Photon management is used to minimize losses and maximize the energy conversion efficiency.The influence of photon management on the solar cell parameters of a perovskite single-junction solar cell and a perovskite/silicon solar cell is discussed in greater details.An optimized solar cell design of a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is presented,which allows for the realization of solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 32%.展开更多
Simulated results from a detailed elementary reaction mechanism for methane-containing species in flames consisting of nitrogen (NOx), C1 or C2 fuels are presented, and compared with reduced mechanism;this mechanism h...Simulated results from a detailed elementary reaction mechanism for methane-containing species in flames consisting of nitrogen (NOx), C1 or C2 fuels are presented, and compared with reduced mechanism;this mechanism have been constructed with the analysis of the rate sensitivity matrix f (PCAF method), and the computational singular perturbation (CSP). The analysis was performed on solutions of unstrained adiabatic premixed flames with detailed chemical kinetics described by GRI 3.0 for methane including NOx formation. A 9-step reduced mechanism for methane has been constructed which reproduces accurately laminar burning velocities, flame temperatures and mass fraction distributions of major species for the whole flammability range. Many steady-state species are also predicted satisfactorily. This mechanism is especially for lean flames. This mechanism is accurate for a wide range of the equivalence ratio (1, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7) and for pressures as high as 40 atm to 60 atm. For both fuels, the CSP algorithm automatically pointed to the same steady-state species as those identified by laborious analysis or intuition in the literature and the global reactions were similar to well established previous methane-reduced mechanisms. This implies that the method is very well suited for the study of complex mechanisms for heavy hydrocarbon combustion.展开更多
This paper addresses the issue of designing the detailed architectures of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), which has a great impact on the overall performances of an FPGA in practice. Firstly, a novel FPGA archi...This paper addresses the issue of designing the detailed architectures of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), which has a great impact on the overall performances of an FPGA in practice. Firstly, a novel FPGA architecture description model is proposed based on an easy-to-use file format known as YAML. This format permits the description of any detailed architecture of hard blocks and channels. Then a general algorithm of building FPGA resource graph is presented. The proposed model is scalable and capable of dealing with detailed architecture design and can be used in FPGA architecture evaluation system which is developed to enable detailed architecture design. Experimental results show that a maximum of 16.36% reduction in total wirelength and a maximum of 9.34% reduction in router effort can be obtained by making very little changes to detailed architectures, which verifies the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
Ideas and methods of evaluating economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning were introduced firstly,and then the framework and concrete steps of valuation of economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning were ...Ideas and methods of evaluating economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning were introduced firstly,and then the framework and concrete steps of valuation of economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning were analyzed.Afterwards,the economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning was valued by using case analysis method.Finally,some suggestions of application were proposed,such as introducing the valuation of economic benefit of a third party into the adjustment scheme of regulatory detailed planning,and publicizing the scheme of regulatory detailed planning and valuation results at the same time.展开更多
A three-dimensional model which considers the effects of turbulence and detailed chemical kinetics is built to simulate the combustion process of engine fueled by compressed nature gas(CNG).The model is accomplished b...A three-dimensional model which considers the effects of turbulence and detailed chemical kinetics is built to simulate the combustion process of engine fueled by compressed nature gas(CNG).The model is accomplished by integrating CFD software-KIVA3V and chemical kinetic software-CHEMKINII.Meanwhile,a turbulence combustion model which is suitable for describing the reaction rate under the coupled simulation is developed to balance the effects of turbulence and detailed chemical kinetics.To reduce the computation time,subsequent development of the simulation code is realized,which enables the simulation code to have the function of parallel computing and run on parallel computing facility based on message passing interface(MPI).The coupled software is used to simulate the combustion process of spark ignition CNG engine.The results show that simulation data have a good consistency with experimental results and parallel computing has good efficiency and accelerate ratio.展开更多
Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-trans...Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-transferring price and the floor area ratio(FAR) of residential land, which represented the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on the two dimensions of market regulation and fiscal replenishment, this paper also established an analytical framework for the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. The results showed that the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning decreased with the expansion of urban scale and that the weaker the market regulation and the stronger the land finance dependence, the weaker the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on this, this paper proposed that local governments should strengthen the scientificity and openness of regulatory detailed planning, institutionally resolve the predicament due to fiscal decentralization, and reduce the dependence on land transfer income.展开更多
A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguisha...A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.展开更多
A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguisha...A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.展开更多
This paper presents a case study of the geotechnical conditions encountered within a project at Saudi Arabia at both the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) and Detailed Design geotechnical campaigns. The soil formati...This paper presents a case study of the geotechnical conditions encountered within a project at Saudi Arabia at both the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) and Detailed Design geotechnical campaigns. The soil formations were considerably varied between the two investigations resulted in extensive ground improvement activities that have not been anticipated within the FEED stage. The overall objectives of such study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to explore the soil formations found, and to evaluate/summarize the soil treatment measures necessary for each of the two different campaigns in order for the project specifications in relation to settlement, bearing capacity, and liquefaction potential to be achieved. Moreover, the potential factors that may have affected the differences on the strength/density of the soils within the two different geotechnical campaigns that have been carried out at nearby locations </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also explored. Based on the analysis conducted</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> it is concluded that soil strength on the FEED data </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">much higher compared to the strength on the Detailed Design soil data resulted on shifting the soil mitigation measures from light to severe, hence, leading to project both excessive cost and considerable increase on time schedule.展开更多
In this study, an in-house quasi dimensional code has been developed which simulates the intake, compression, combustion, expansion and exhaust strokes of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The c...In this study, an in-house quasi dimensional code has been developed which simulates the intake, compression, combustion, expansion and exhaust strokes of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The compressed natural gas (CNG) has been used as fuel. A detailed chemical kineticscheme constituting of 310 and 1701 elementary equations developed by [Bakhshan and al.] has been applied for combustion modeling andheat release calculations. The zero-dimensional k-ε turbulence model has been used for calculation of heat transfer. The output results are the performance and pollutants emission and combustion characteristics in HCCI engines. Parametric studies have been conducted to discussing the effects of various parameters on performance and pollutants emission of these engines.展开更多
In recent years,as the cross-cultural exchanges between China and other countries have become more frequent,more and more English film and television works have flooded into the Chinese market,attracting the attention...In recent years,as the cross-cultural exchanges between China and other countries have become more frequent,more and more English film and television works have flooded into the Chinese market,attracting the attention of many audiences.In order to enable Chinese audiences to better appreciate these film and television works,high-quality and high-level subtitle translation is indispensable.Since China started late in film and television sector,there are still many immature places in the research on subtitle translation.This article aims to analyze several classic English film and television works,summarize,and study the detailed factors that affect subtitle translation.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application effect of detailed nursing in tuberculous meningitis nursing.Methods:A total of 52 patients with tuberculous meningitis who were admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to February ...Objective:To explore the application effect of detailed nursing in tuberculous meningitis nursing.Methods:A total of 52 patients with tuberculous meningitis who were admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to February 2022 were selected as the research objects,and divided into 25 patients in the control group and 27 patients in the study group according to the random table method,and the compliance,quality of life,recurrence,nursing satisfaction,depression,anxiety and PSQI scores of the two groups were observed and analyzed.Results:In the study group,the number of patients with complete compliance,partial compliance and non-compliance were 13,11 and 3,respectively,and the compliance rate was 88.89%.In the control group,the number of patients with complete compliance,partial compliance and non-compliance were 11,5 and 9,respectively,and the compliance rate was 67.86%,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The quality-of-life score of the control group was 48.36±2.24,which was lower than that of the study group,50.23±2.12,(P<0.05).The rate of recurrence of the control group was 36.00%,which was significantly higher than 7.41%in the study group(P<0.05).There was no significant statistical difference between the SAS,SDS,and PSQI scores of the two groups before nursing,(P>0.05).After nursing,both groups showed a decrease in SDS and SAS scores,with the study group showing significantly lower scores than the control group(P<0.001).Besides,the PSQI dimension scores and total score in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).Moreover,the nursing satisfaction of the patients in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(93.02%>71.79%),(P<0.05).Conclusion:A full range of detailed care is not only helpful for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients,but also helps to create a satisfactory hospital environment for patients.Results from this study showed that detailed nursing care for patients with tuberculous meningitis shows a significant positive effect and should be applied in clinical practices.展开更多
For the first time in history, the current state and latest developments of China’s S&T endeavors become the keynote of one of the world-renowned scientific journals,"Science," published by the American...For the first time in history, the current state and latest developments of China’s S&T endeavors become the keynote of one of the world-renowned scientific journals,"Science," published by the American Association for Advancement of Science. The prestigious journal "Science,"is one of most influential scientific periodicals in the world today.Under the banner headline of "Science in Asia: China" at a special issue coming out recently, it recounts the increas-展开更多
In reading instruction,if the writing tasks carefully designed by teachers are closely related to the content of the read?ing texts,then they can urge students to pay more attention to the texts,get familiar with them...In reading instruction,if the writing tasks carefully designed by teachers are closely related to the content of the read?ing texts,then they can urge students to pay more attention to the texts,get familiar with them,make use of them,and make writing activities and reading activities closely linked.展开更多
Using case studies,this paper analyzes the characteristics of detailed control planning and its hierarchical controls,the form and composition of plan content,and methodological innovations.It then suggests improvemen...Using case studies,this paper analyzes the characteristics of detailed control planning and its hierarchical controls,the form and composition of plan content,and methodological innovations.It then suggests improvements to the planning structure that are oriented at adaptability,fairness,centrality,and scientific principles with regard to the content,methods,and results of the planning.Regarding the hierarchical control system,the paper suggests that the detailed control plan should be composed of "block planning" and "plot planning".It is believed that through a combination of block and plot planning,the problem of joining long-term and short-term planning will be solved and it will be possible to address the need for adjustment and revision of detailed control plan.展开更多
With the“metaverse”concept gaining traction,virtual idols have surged into popular culture.These 2D digital avatars,crafted with virtual technology,have won over many young people.Icons such as Luo Tianyi,A-SOUL,and...With the“metaverse”concept gaining traction,virtual idols have surged into popular culture.These 2D digital avatars,crafted with virtual technology,have won over many young people.Icons such as Luo Tianyi,A-SOUL,and Liu Yexi have debuted to great fanfare,significantly boosting the commercial value of virtual idols.In the rapidly evolving landscape of virtual technology,how is China’s virtual idol industry faring?Let’s delve into the details.展开更多
基金the“Seismic hazard assessment of the territories of regions and cities of Kazakhstan on a modern scientific and methodological basis”,program code F.0980,IRN OR11465449The funding source is the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan。
文摘Kazakhstan is currently drafting new construction regulations that comply with the major provisions of the Eurocodes.Such regulations are created on the basis of seismic zoning maps of various degrees of detail,developed by our Institute of Seismology using a new methodological approach for Kazakhstan.The article is about creating the first normative map of the Detailed Seismic Zoning on a probabilistic foundation for the Republic of Kazakhstan’s East Kazakhstan region.We carried out the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard using a methodology consistent with the main provisions of Eurocode 8and updated compared with that used in developing maps of Kazakhstan’s General Seismic Zoning and seismic microzoning of Almaty.The most thorough and current data accessible for the area under consideration were combined with contemporary analytical techniques.Updates have been done to not only the databases being used but also the way seismic sources were shown,including active faults now.On a scale of 1:1000000,precise seismic zoning maps of the East Kazakhstan region were created for two probabilities of exceedance:10%and 2%in 50 years in terms of peak ground accelerations and macroseismic intensities.The obtained seismic hazard distribution is generally consistent with the General Seismic Zoning of Kazakhstan’s previous findings.However,because active faults were included and a thoroughly revised catalog was used,there are more pronounced zones of increased danger along the fault in the western part of the region.In the west of the territory,acceleration values also increased due to a more accurate consideration of seismotectonic conditions.Zoning maps are the basis for developing new state building regulations of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Program(Project Name:Construction and Application of Exercise Fear Intervention Program for Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Based on HBM and TPB Theory),No.2023KY180.
文摘BACKGROUND With the intensification of social aging,the susceptibility of the elderly population to diseases has attracted increasing attention,especially chronic heart failure(CHF)that accounts for a large proportion of the elderly.AIM To evaluate the application value of health concept model-based detailed behavioral care in elderly patients with CHF.METHODS This study recruited 116 elderly CHF patients admitted from October 2018 to October 2020 and grouped them according to the nursing care that they received.The elderly patients who underwent health concept model-based detailed behavioral care were included in a study group(SG;n=62),and those who underwent routine detailed behavioral nursing intervention were included as a control group(CG;n=54).Patients’negative emotions(NEs),quality of life(QoL),and nutritional status were assessed using the self-rating anxiety/depression scale(SAS/SDS),the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ),and the Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment(MQSGA)of nutrition,respectively.Differences in rehabilitation efficiency,NEs,cardiac function(CF)indexes,nutritional status,QoL,and nursing satisfaction were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS A higher response rate was recorded in the SG vs the CG after intervention(P<0.05).After care,the left ventricular ejection fraction was higher while the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular end systolic diameter were lower in the SG compared with the CG(P<0.05).The post-intervention SAS and SDS scores,as well as MQSGA and MLHFQ scores,were also lower in the SG(P<0.05).The SG was also superior to the CG in the overall nursing satisfaction rate(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Health concept model-based detailed behavioral care has high application value in the nursing care of elderly CHF patients,and it can not only effectively enhance rehabilitation efficiency,but also mitigate patients’NEs and improve their CF and QoL.
文摘The use of three-dimensional maps is more effective than two-dimensional maps in representing the Earth’s surface. However, the traditional methods used to create digital surface models are not efficient for capturing the details of Earth’s features. This is because they represent only three-dimensional objects in a single texture and do not provide a realistic representation of the real world. Additionally, there is a growing demand for up-to-date and accurate geo-information, particularly in urban areas. To address this challenge, a new technique is proposed in this study that involves integrating remote sensing, Geographic Information System, and Architecture Environment software to generate a highly-detailed three-dimensional model. The method described in this study includes several steps such as acquiring high-resolution satellite imagery, gathering ground truth data, performing radiometric and geometric corrections during image preprocessing, producing a 2D map of the region of interest, constructing a digital surface model by extending the building outlines, and transforming the model into multi-patch layers to create a 3D model for each object individually. The research findings indicate that the digital surface model obtained with comprehensive information is suitable for different purposes, such as environmental research, urban development and expansion planning, and shape recognition tasks.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2017YFE0109000)the project of China Datang Corporation Ltd
文摘With the increasing proportion of wind power integration, the volatility of wind power brings huge challenges to the safe and stable operation of the electric power system. At present, the indexes commonly used to evaluate the volatility of wind power only consider its overall characteristics, such as the standard deviation of wind power, the average of power variables, etc., while ignoring the detailed volatility of wind power, that is, the features of the frequency distribution of power variables. However, how to accurately describe the detailed volatility of wind power is the key foundation to reduce its adverse influences. To address this, a quantitative method for evaluating the detailed volatility of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales is proposed. First, the volatility indexes which can evaluate the detailed fluctuation characteristics of wind power are presented, including the upper confidence limit, lower confidence limit and confidence interval of power variables under the certain confidence level. Then, the actual wind power data from a location in northern China is used to illustrate the application of the proposed indexes at multiple temporal(year–season–month–day) and spatial scales(wind turbine–wind turbines–wind farm–wind farms) using the calculation time windows of 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h. Finally, the relationships between wind power forecasting accuracy and its corresponding detailed volatility are analyzed to further verify the effectiveness of the proposed indexes. The results show that the proposed volatility indexes can effectively characterize the detailed fluctuations of wind power at multiple temporal-spatial scales. It is anticipated that the results of this study will serve as an important reference for the reserve capacity planning and optimization dispatch in the electric power system which with a high proportion of renewable energy.
基金financially supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong,China(152093/18E)and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University(G-YBVG).
文摘Energy conversion efficiency losses and limits of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are investigated by detailed balance calculations and photon management.An extended Shockley-Queisser model is used to identify fundamental loss mechanisms and link the losses to the optics of solar cells.Photon management is used to minimize losses and maximize the energy conversion efficiency.The influence of photon management on the solar cell parameters of a perovskite single-junction solar cell and a perovskite/silicon solar cell is discussed in greater details.An optimized solar cell design of a perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell is presented,which allows for the realization of solar cells with energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 32%.
文摘Simulated results from a detailed elementary reaction mechanism for methane-containing species in flames consisting of nitrogen (NOx), C1 or C2 fuels are presented, and compared with reduced mechanism;this mechanism have been constructed with the analysis of the rate sensitivity matrix f (PCAF method), and the computational singular perturbation (CSP). The analysis was performed on solutions of unstrained adiabatic premixed flames with detailed chemical kinetics described by GRI 3.0 for methane including NOx formation. A 9-step reduced mechanism for methane has been constructed which reproduces accurately laminar burning velocities, flame temperatures and mass fraction distributions of major species for the whole flammability range. Many steady-state species are also predicted satisfactorily. This mechanism is especially for lean flames. This mechanism is accurate for a wide range of the equivalence ratio (1, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7) and for pressures as high as 40 atm to 60 atm. For both fuels, the CSP algorithm automatically pointed to the same steady-state species as those identified by laborious analysis or intuition in the literature and the global reactions were similar to well established previous methane-reduced mechanisms. This implies that the method is very well suited for the study of complex mechanisms for heavy hydrocarbon combustion.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Develop Program of China(No.2012AA012301)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2013ZX03006004)
文摘This paper addresses the issue of designing the detailed architectures of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), which has a great impact on the overall performances of an FPGA in practice. Firstly, a novel FPGA architecture description model is proposed based on an easy-to-use file format known as YAML. This format permits the description of any detailed architecture of hard blocks and channels. Then a general algorithm of building FPGA resource graph is presented. The proposed model is scalable and capable of dealing with detailed architecture design and can be used in FPGA architecture evaluation system which is developed to enable detailed architecture design. Experimental results show that a maximum of 16.36% reduction in total wirelength and a maximum of 9.34% reduction in router effort can be obtained by making very little changes to detailed architectures, which verifies the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed model.
文摘Ideas and methods of evaluating economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning were introduced firstly,and then the framework and concrete steps of valuation of economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning were analyzed.Afterwards,the economic benefit of regulatory detailed planning was valued by using case analysis method.Finally,some suggestions of application were proposed,such as introducing the valuation of economic benefit of a third party into the adjustment scheme of regulatory detailed planning,and publicizing the scheme of regulatory detailed planning and valuation results at the same time.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50976012)
文摘A three-dimensional model which considers the effects of turbulence and detailed chemical kinetics is built to simulate the combustion process of engine fueled by compressed nature gas(CNG).The model is accomplished by integrating CFD software-KIVA3V and chemical kinetic software-CHEMKINII.Meanwhile,a turbulence combustion model which is suitable for describing the reaction rate under the coupled simulation is developed to balance the effects of turbulence and detailed chemical kinetics.To reduce the computation time,subsequent development of the simulation code is realized,which enables the simulation code to have the function of parallel computing and run on parallel computing facility based on message passing interface(MPI).The coupled software is used to simulate the combustion process of spark ignition CNG engine.The results show that simulation data have a good consistency with experimental results and parallel computing has good efficiency and accelerate ratio.
文摘Regulatory detailed planning is the most direct management tool for urban development and construction activities. Through theoretical deduction, this paper demonstrated the elastic relationship between the land-transferring price and the floor area ratio(FAR) of residential land, which represented the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on the two dimensions of market regulation and fiscal replenishment, this paper also established an analytical framework for the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. The results showed that the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning decreased with the expansion of urban scale and that the weaker the market regulation and the stronger the land finance dependence, the weaker the space control intensity for regulatory detailed planning. Based on this, this paper proposed that local governments should strengthen the scientificity and openness of regulatory detailed planning, institutionally resolve the predicament due to fiscal decentralization, and reduce the dependence on land transfer income.
文摘A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.
文摘A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.
文摘This paper presents a case study of the geotechnical conditions encountered within a project at Saudi Arabia at both the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) and Detailed Design geotechnical campaigns. The soil formations were considerably varied between the two investigations resulted in extensive ground improvement activities that have not been anticipated within the FEED stage. The overall objectives of such study </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to explore the soil formations found, and to evaluate/summarize the soil treatment measures necessary for each of the two different campaigns in order for the project specifications in relation to settlement, bearing capacity, and liquefaction potential to be achieved. Moreover, the potential factors that may have affected the differences on the strength/density of the soils within the two different geotechnical campaigns that have been carried out at nearby locations </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> also explored. Based on the analysis conducted</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> it is concluded that soil strength on the FEED data </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">much higher compared to the strength on the Detailed Design soil data resulted on shifting the soil mitigation measures from light to severe, hence, leading to project both excessive cost and considerable increase on time schedule.
文摘In this study, an in-house quasi dimensional code has been developed which simulates the intake, compression, combustion, expansion and exhaust strokes of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The compressed natural gas (CNG) has been used as fuel. A detailed chemical kineticscheme constituting of 310 and 1701 elementary equations developed by [Bakhshan and al.] has been applied for combustion modeling andheat release calculations. The zero-dimensional k-ε turbulence model has been used for calculation of heat transfer. The output results are the performance and pollutants emission and combustion characteristics in HCCI engines. Parametric studies have been conducted to discussing the effects of various parameters on performance and pollutants emission of these engines.
基金Jilin International Studies University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.:201910964013).
文摘In recent years,as the cross-cultural exchanges between China and other countries have become more frequent,more and more English film and television works have flooded into the Chinese market,attracting the attention of many audiences.In order to enable Chinese audiences to better appreciate these film and television works,high-quality and high-level subtitle translation is indispensable.Since China started late in film and television sector,there are still many immature places in the research on subtitle translation.This article aims to analyze several classic English film and television works,summarize,and study the detailed factors that affect subtitle translation.
文摘Objective:To explore the application effect of detailed nursing in tuberculous meningitis nursing.Methods:A total of 52 patients with tuberculous meningitis who were admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to February 2022 were selected as the research objects,and divided into 25 patients in the control group and 27 patients in the study group according to the random table method,and the compliance,quality of life,recurrence,nursing satisfaction,depression,anxiety and PSQI scores of the two groups were observed and analyzed.Results:In the study group,the number of patients with complete compliance,partial compliance and non-compliance were 13,11 and 3,respectively,and the compliance rate was 88.89%.In the control group,the number of patients with complete compliance,partial compliance and non-compliance were 11,5 and 9,respectively,and the compliance rate was 67.86%,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The quality-of-life score of the control group was 48.36±2.24,which was lower than that of the study group,50.23±2.12,(P<0.05).The rate of recurrence of the control group was 36.00%,which was significantly higher than 7.41%in the study group(P<0.05).There was no significant statistical difference between the SAS,SDS,and PSQI scores of the two groups before nursing,(P>0.05).After nursing,both groups showed a decrease in SDS and SAS scores,with the study group showing significantly lower scores than the control group(P<0.001).Besides,the PSQI dimension scores and total score in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.001).Moreover,the nursing satisfaction of the patients in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(93.02%>71.79%),(P<0.05).Conclusion:A full range of detailed care is not only helpful for accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients,but also helps to create a satisfactory hospital environment for patients.Results from this study showed that detailed nursing care for patients with tuberculous meningitis shows a significant positive effect and should be applied in clinical practices.
文摘For the first time in history, the current state and latest developments of China’s S&T endeavors become the keynote of one of the world-renowned scientific journals,"Science," published by the American Association for Advancement of Science. The prestigious journal "Science,"is one of most influential scientific periodicals in the world today.Under the banner headline of "Science in Asia: China" at a special issue coming out recently, it recounts the increas-
文摘In reading instruction,if the writing tasks carefully designed by teachers are closely related to the content of the read?ing texts,then they can urge students to pay more attention to the texts,get familiar with them,make use of them,and make writing activities and reading activities closely linked.
文摘Using case studies,this paper analyzes the characteristics of detailed control planning and its hierarchical controls,the form and composition of plan content,and methodological innovations.It then suggests improvements to the planning structure that are oriented at adaptability,fairness,centrality,and scientific principles with regard to the content,methods,and results of the planning.Regarding the hierarchical control system,the paper suggests that the detailed control plan should be composed of "block planning" and "plot planning".It is believed that through a combination of block and plot planning,the problem of joining long-term and short-term planning will be solved and it will be possible to address the need for adjustment and revision of detailed control plan.
文摘With the“metaverse”concept gaining traction,virtual idols have surged into popular culture.These 2D digital avatars,crafted with virtual technology,have won over many young people.Icons such as Luo Tianyi,A-SOUL,and Liu Yexi have debuted to great fanfare,significantly boosting the commercial value of virtual idols.In the rapidly evolving landscape of virtual technology,how is China’s virtual idol industry faring?Let’s delve into the details.
