Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of...Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.展开更多
Distinguishing between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis is the key for clinical diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Liver biopsy, which is widely used for diagnosis of ...Distinguishing between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis is the key for clinical diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Liver biopsy, which is widely used for diagnosis of liver diseases at present, has many drawbacks, such as being invasive, expensive and unstable. This article compares and summarizes the commonly used non-invasive diagnostic methods, including their diagnostic parameters, advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide a useful reference for the diagnosis of NASH.展开更多
An attempt has been made in the present study to forecast fog with a diagnostic method using the outputs of global NWP model.The diagnostic method is based on the combination of thresholds of meteorological variables ...An attempt has been made in the present study to forecast fog with a diagnostic method using the outputs of global NWP model.The diagnostic method is based on the combination of thresholds of meteorological variables involved in fog formation.The thresholds are computed using the observations during fog.These thresholds are applied to the output of a global NWP model for forecasting fog.The occurrence of fog is a common phenomenon during winter season over the northern plains of India.The diagnostic method is used to predict fog occurrences over three stations in north India.The proposed method is able to predict both occurrences and non-occurrences of fog at all the three stations.It is found that 94%of the fog events forecasted by the model using the diagnostic method have been actually observed at the selected stations.The performance of method in predicting fog is found best over Delhi with the highest accuracy(0.61)and probability of detection(0.60).The study signifies that diagnostic approach based on the output of a global model is a useful tool for predicting fog over a single location.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is highly prevalent in the human population and may lead to severe gastrointestinal pathology including gastric and duodenal ulcers,mucosa associated tissue lymphoma and gastric ...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is highly prevalent in the human population and may lead to severe gastrointestinal pathology including gastric and duodenal ulcers,mucosa associated tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.In recent years,an alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance and subsequently failing empiric H.pylori eradication therapies have been noted worldwide,also in many European countries.Therefore,rapid and accurate determination of H.pylori’s antibiotic susceptibility prior to the administration of eradication regimens becomes ever more important.Traditionally,detection of H.pylori and its antimicrobial resistance is done by culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing that are cumbersome with a long turn-around-time.Recent advances in diagnostics provide new tools,like real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and line probe assays,to diagnose H.pylori infection and antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics,directly from clinical specimens.Moreover,high-throughput whole genome sequencing technologies allow the rapid analysis of the pathogen’s genome,thereby allowing identification of resistance mutations and associated antibiotic resistance.In the first part of this review,we will give an overview on currently available diagnostic methods for detection of H.pylori and its drug resistance and their implementation in H.pylori management.The second part of the review focusses on the use of next generation sequencing technology in H.pylori research.To this end,we conducted a literature search for original research articles in English using the terms“Helicobacter”,“transcriptomic”,“transcriptome”,“next generation sequencing”and“whole genome sequencing”.This review is aimed to bridge the gap between current diagnostic practice(histology,rapid urease test,H.pylori culture,PCR and line probe assays)and new sequencing technologies and their potential implementation in diagnostic laboratory settings in order to complement the currently recommended H.pylori management guidelines and subsequently improve public health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids.Among them,endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients.Ultrasonography is an important me...BACKGROUND Endometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids.Among them,endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients.Ultrasonography is an important means of diagnosing female reproductive system diseases,and it is of critical value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer.However,different ultrasound inspection programs have achieved different results.It is of great significance to choose a suitable inspection program.AIM To explore the diagnostic efficacy of different ultrasonic examination methods in clinical endometrial lesions.METHODS The 140 patients with endometrial lesions who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were used as the research subjects.All patients underwent transvaginal color ultrasound and transabdominal color ultrasound.We compared the diagnostic coincidence and image display effects of the two different examination methods,and the endometrial thickness,blood flow,uterine effusion and resistance index of different diseases were observed by transvaginal color ultrasound.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rate of all types of diseases of transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound(P=0.001,0.005,0.001 and 0.001).In addition,the excellent and good rate of image display of transvaginal color ultrasound was higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound(P=0.001).There were significant differences in endometrial thickness in patients with different types of endometrial lesions through the transvaginal color examination(P=0.001).The incidence rate of uterine effusion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with other types of endometrial lesions(P=0.001),and the rate of the blood flow was the highest(P=0.001).The comparison of blood flow resistance index indicated that the blood flow resistance index in endometrial cancer patients was the lowest,which shows that the difference was statistically significant(P=0.001).CONCLUSION The overall diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal color ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions is better than that of transabdominal color ultrasound,which held higher diagnostic coincidence rate and image display effect.There were significant differences in the thickness of the endometrium and the blood flow in different types of lesions.展开更多
Reports manifest a continuing need for the development of rapid and on-site (point of care) assays. Current diagnostic methods commonly used for detection of antibodies and antigens have significant limitations. Scien...Reports manifest a continuing need for the development of rapid and on-site (point of care) assays. Current diagnostic methods commonly used for detection of antibodies and antigens have significant limitations. Scientists at Micro Detect, Inc. have developed an innovative diagnostic device (method) that can be utilized broadly for antibody/antigen interactions including diagnostic assays in the medical, veterinary and food industries. The developed device can be utilized for the detection of antibodies against a single antigen or vice versa. It can also be tailored for specific panels that detect antigens or antibodies for diverse infectious agents, proteins, hormones, tumor markers, autoimmune markers, and allergens. Additionally, it can also be used for detection of toxins, antitoxins, nucleic acids, enzymes, drugs, etc. in both humans and animals. Specimens used in different formats of the device can be tears, saliva, whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, stool, and other bodily discharges. The good intra and inter precisions and acceptable linearity of the device support reliable use of the device. The CV of the device is 1.9% - 2.2%. Likewise, the performance of the device using 92 confirmed negative and positive specimens via a typical assay showed 100% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 96.8% efficacy, 80% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. The results of our feasibility study suggest reliable utility of a device for rapid, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and on-site (point of care) diagnostic assays. This presents a potential breakthrough in diagnostic methodologies that can be integrated into modern medicine and food industries.展开更多
Three categories of failure diagnostic methods for reciprocating compressors are classified according to the signals adopted by the diagnosis. They are parameter method, vibration method, and oil analysis method. In t...Three categories of failure diagnostic methods for reciprocating compressors are classified according to the signals adopted by the diagnosis. They are parameter method, vibration method, and oil analysis method. In this paper, the applicable range and operational difficulties of these methods are discussed on the basis of analysis and induction upon normal failure. It is proposed that a compressor’s normal failure can be divided into thermodynamical property failure and mechanical function failure. As to the former, the parameter method that takes a cylinder pressure signal as the main diagnostic signal may be applied; and as to the latter, the vibration signal frequency spectrum can be used to diagnose. At the same time, the structure of an intelligent diagnostic system based on neural networks is introduced, and its schematic is given.展开更多
In recent years,some new progress hasbeen made in the four diagnostic methods(四诊)of cancer.General observation hasdeveloped into systemic exploration intounderlying laws.Now,the four diagnosticmethods are experiment...In recent years,some new progress hasbeen made in the four diagnostic methods(四诊)of cancer.General observation hasdeveloped into systemic exploration intounderlying laws.Now,the four diagnosticmethods are experimentally studied andquantitatively analyzed by means of modernscientific technology.This report summa-rizes data from researches on the fourdiagnostic methods since 1981.展开更多
Measles eradication is biologically feasible. There is an availability of a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine; a proven elimination strategy; high Local demand; and an effective global partnership and initiative...Measles eradication is biologically feasible. There is an availability of a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine; a proven elimination strategy; high Local demand; and an effective global partnership and initiative to support vaccination. Measles eradication is a cost-effective scenario and a good investment to avoid expensive epidemics and save those children die due to measles. Laboratory investigations are indispensable to monitor the progress of measles elimination. This role will require the development of more sensitive diagnostic methods suitable for diagnosis and surveillance, genetic analysis of measles strains and a technology which is transferable worldwide. Measles diagnosis relies increasingly on serological tests. The practical utility of oral-fluid methods(antibody and genetic) in evaluating and refining measles immunization programs would,additionally, provide support for a global surveillance initiative. The utility of in a population survey, in a vaccine sero-conversion study and application in molecular epidemiological use is demonstrated in this review. It is to be hoped that this review will assist in the wider uptake and acceptance of methodology in both developed and developing country situation. More research needed for further evaluation of a recently developed point-of-care test for measles diagnosis: detection of measles-specific Ig M antibodies and viral nucleic acid for wider use oral-fluid methodology. There is a strong case and imperative for the promotion of methods by World Health Organization in its global program of control/eradication of measles over the coming decade.展开更多
Duck circovirus infection is an immunosuppressive disease that is characterized by growth retardant and odd deaths. Its infection is usually combined with other pathogens,making the clinical diagnosis more difficult. ...Duck circovirus infection is an immunosuppressive disease that is characterized by growth retardant and odd deaths. Its infection is usually combined with other pathogens,making the clinical diagnosis more difficult. With the rapid development of molecular biological and immunological technologies,the laboratory diagnostic methods for duck circovirus infection also advance greatly. The paper summarizes the research advances in various laboratory detection methods for duck circovirus infection including PCR,nested PCR,multiple PCR,fluorescence quantitative PCR,LAMP,nucleic acid probe and ELISA,as well as their advantages and shortages,aiming at providing reference for finding novel detection methods and for the diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control.展开更多
With the increasingly stringent requirements for carbon emissions,countries have increased the scale of clean energy use in recent years.As an important new clean energy source,the ratio of wind power in energy utiliz...With the increasingly stringent requirements for carbon emissions,countries have increased the scale of clean energy use in recent years.As an important new clean energy source,the ratio of wind power in energy utilization has been increasing.The horizontal axis wind turbine is the main form of wind power generation,which is subject to random wind loads during operation and is prone to various failures after a long period of operation,resulting in reduced power generation efficiency or even shutdown.In order to ensure stable external power transmission,it is necessary to perform fault diagnosis for wind turbines.However,the traditional time-frequency analysis method is defective.This paper proposes a new LOD-ICA method to realize the resolution of the vibration signals mode mixing problem incorporated the merits of both methods.The LOD-ICA method and the LOD method based on noise-assisted analysis decompose the same signal to produce different signal components.The feasibility of the LOD-ICA method was verified by comparing the correlation coefficients between each of the signal components generated by the two methods and the original signal.In the field of wind turbine fault diagnosis,the LOD-ICA method is employed to the fault characteristics of gearboxes to extract the fault signs of vibration signals,further demonstrated the superiority of the LOD-ICA method in processing vibration signals of rotating machinery.展开更多
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a means to procure adequate specimens for histological and cytologic analysis.The ideal EUS-FNA should be safe,accurate,and have a high sample adequacy ra...Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a means to procure adequate specimens for histological and cytologic analysis.The ideal EUS-FNA should be safe,accurate,and have a high sample adequacy rate and low adverse events rate.In recent years,many guidelines and trials on EUS-FNA have been published.The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the influence of some of the main factors on the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA as well as a rare but serious complication known as needle tract seeding.展开更多
Tweek atmospherics are extremely low frequency and very low frequency pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics that originate from lightning discharges and that propagate in the Earth–ionosphere wavegu...Tweek atmospherics are extremely low frequency and very low frequency pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics that originate from lightning discharges and that propagate in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide over long distances.In this study,we developed an automatic method to recognize tweek atmospherics and diagnose the lower ionosphere based on the machine learning method.The differences(automatic−manual)in each ionosphere parameter between the automatic method and the manual method were−0.07±2.73 km,0.03±0.92 cm^(−3),and 91±1,068 km for the ionospheric reflection height(h),equivalent electron densities at reflection heights(Ne),and propagation distance(d),respectively.Moreover,the automatic method is capable of recognizing higher harmonic tweek sferics.The evaluation results of the model suggest that the automatic method is a powerful tool for investigating the long-term variations in the lower ionosphere.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI),which has recently gained popularity,is being extensively employed in modern fault diagnostic research to preserve the reliability and productivity of machines.The effectiveness of AI is in...Artificial intelligence(AI),which has recently gained popularity,is being extensively employed in modern fault diagnostic research to preserve the reliability and productivity of machines.The effectiveness of AI is influenced by the quality of the labeled training data.However,in engineering scenarios,available data on mechanical equipment are scarce,and collecting massive amounts of well-annotated fault data to train AI models is expensive and difficult.In response to the inadequacy of training samples,a numerical simulation-based partial transfer learning method for machinery fault diagnosis is proposed.First,a suitable simulation model of critical components in a mechanical system is developed using the finite element method(FEM),and numerical simulation is performed to acquire FEM simulation samples containing different fault types.Second,several synthetic simulation samples are generated to form complete source domain training samples using a generative adversarial network.Subsequently,the partial transfer learning network is trained to extract shared fault characteristics between the simulation and measured samples in the case of class imbalance.Finally,the resulting model is used to diagnose unknown samples from real-world mechanical systems in operation.The proposed method is tested on actual fault samples of bearings and gears obtained from a public dataset and experimental test rig available in our laboratory,achieving average classification accuracy of 99.54%and 99.64%,respectively.Comparison investigations reveal that the proposed method has superior classification and generalization ability when detecting faults in real mechanical systems.展开更多
To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system w...To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system was designed and implemented on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). This system leverages two symmetric optics for joint plasma imaging. The optical system exhibits a spatial resolution less than 2 mm at the poloidal cross-section, distortion within the field of view below 10%, and relative illumination of 91%.The high-quality images obtained enable clear observation of both the plasma boundary position and the characteristics of components within the vacuum vessel. Following system calibration and coordinate transformation, the image coordinate boundary features are mapped to the tokamak coordinate system. Utilizing this system, the plasma boundary was reconstructed, and the resulting representation showed alignment with the EFIT(Equilibrium Fitting) results. This underscores the system's superior performance in boundary reconstruction applications and provides a diagnostic foundation for boundary shape control based on visible spectral imaging.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been well-established as a significant risk factor for several gastrointestinal disorders.The urea breath test(UBT)has emerged as a leading non-invasive method for...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been well-established as a significant risk factor for several gastrointestinal disorders.The urea breath test(UBT)has emerged as a leading non-invasive method for detecting H.pylori.Despite numerous studies confirming its substantial accuracy,the reliability of UBT results is often compromised by inherent limitations.These findings underscore the need for a rigorous statistical synthesis to clarify and reconcile the diagnostic accuracy of the UBT for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection.AIM To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT for H.pylori infection in adult patients with dyspepsia.METHODS We conducted an independent search of the PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central databases until April 2022.Our search included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated at least one of the index tests(^(13)C-UBT or ^(14)C-UBT)against a reference standard.We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess the methodo-logical quality of the studies.We utilized the bivariate random-effects model to calculate sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative test likelihood ratios(LR+and LR-),as well as the diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),and their 95%confidence intervals.We conducted subgroup analyses based on urea dosing,time after urea administration,and assessment technique.To investigate a possible threshold effect,we conducted Spearman correlation analysis,and we generated summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curves to assess heterogeneity.Finally,we visually inspected a funnel plot and used Egger’s test to evaluate publication bias.endorsing both as reliable diagnostic tools in clinical practice.CONCLUSION In summary,our study has demonstrated that ^(13)C-UBT has been found to outperform the ^(14)C-UBT,making it the preferred diagnostic approach.Additionally,our results emphasize the significance of carefully considering urea dosage,assessment timing,and measurement techniques for both tests to enhance diagnostic precision.Nevertheless,it is crucial for researchers and clinicians to evaluate the strengths and limitations of our findings before implementing them in practice.展开更多
Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly ...Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.展开更多
The collocation method is a widely used numerical method for science and engineering problems governed by partial differential equations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of collocation methods and their appl...The collocation method is a widely used numerical method for science and engineering problems governed by partial differential equations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of collocation methods and their applications,focused on elasticity,heat conduction,electromagnetic field analysis,and fluid dynamics.The merits of the collocation method can be attributed to the need for element mesh,simple implementation,high computational efficiency,and ease in handling irregular domain problems since the collocation method is a type of node-based numerical method.Beginning with the fundamental principles of the collocation method,the discretization process in the continuous domain is elucidated,and how the collocation method approximation solutions for solving differential equations are explained.Delving into the historical development of the collocation methods,their earliest applications and key milestones are traced,thereby demonstrating their evolution within the realm of numerical computation.The mathematical foundations of collocation methods,encompassing the selection of interpolation functions,definition of weighting functions,and derivation of integration rules,are examined in detail,emphasizing their significance in comprehending the method’s effectiveness and stability.At last,the practical application of the collocation methods in engineering contexts is emphasized,including heat conduction simulations,electromagnetic coupled field analysis,and fluid dynamics simulations.These specific case studies can underscore collocation method’s broad applicability and effectiveness in addressing complex engineering challenges.In conclusion,this paper puts forward the future development trend of the collocation method through rigorous analysis and discussion,thereby facilitating further advancements in research and practical applications within these fields.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a global health concern,with advanced-stage diagnoses contributing to poor prognoses.The efficacy of CRC screening has been well-established;nevertheless,a significant proportion of...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a global health concern,with advanced-stage diagnoses contributing to poor prognoses.The efficacy of CRC screening has been well-established;nevertheless,a significant proportion of patients remain unscreened,with>70%of cases diagnosed outside screening.Although identifying specific subgroups for whom CRC screening should be particularly recommended is crucial owing to limited resources,the association between the diagnostic routes and identification of these subgroups has been less appreciated.In the Japanese cancer registry,the diagnostic routes for groups discovered outside of screening are primarily categorized into those with comorbidities found during hospital visits and those with CRC-related symptoms.AIM To clarify the stage at CRC diagnosis based on diagnostic routes.METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study using a cancer registry of patients with CRC between January 2016 and December 2019 at two hospitals.The diagnostic routes were primarily classified into three groups:Cancer screening,follow-up,and symptomatic.The early-stage was defined as Stages 0 or I.Multivariate and univariate logistic regressions were exploited to determine the odds of early-stage diagnosis in the symptomatic and cancer screening groups,referencing the follow-up group.The adjusted covariates were age,sex,and tumor location.RESULTS Of the 2083 patients,715(34.4%),1064(51.1%),and 304(14.6%)belonged to the follow-up,symptomatic,and cancer screening groups,respectively.Among the 2083 patients,CRCs diagnosed at an early stage were 57.3%(410 of 715),23.9%(254 of 1064),and 59.5%(181 of 304)in the follow-up,symptomatic,and cancer screening groups,respectively.The symptomatic group exhibited a lower likelihood of early-stage diagnosis than the follow-up group[P<0.001,adjusted odds ratio(aOR),0.23;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.19-0.29].The likelihood of diagnosis at an early stage was similar between the follow-up and cancer screening groups(P=0.493,aOR for early-stage diagnosis in the cancer screening group vs follow-up group=1.11;95%CI=0.82-1.49).CONCLUSION CRCs detected during hospital visits for comorbidities were diagnosed earlier,similar to cancer screening.CRC screening should be recommended,particularly for patients without periodical hospital visits for comorbidities.展开更多
基金sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (NO.22ZR1431900)Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory.
文摘Transplutonium isotopes are scarce and need to be produced by irradiation in high flux reactors.However,their production is inefficient,and optimization studies are necessary.This study analyzes the physical nature of transplutonium isotope produc-tion using ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu as examples.Traditional methods based on the Monte Carlo burnup calculation have the limitations of many calculations and cannot analyze the individual energy intervals in detail;thus,they cannot sup-port the refined evaluation,screening,and optimization of the irradiation schemes.After understanding the physical nature and simplifying the complexity of the production process,we propose a rapid diagnostic method for evaluating radiation schemes based on the concepts“single energy interval value(SEIV)”and“energy spectrum total value(ESTV)”.The rapid diagnostic method not only avoids tedious burnup calculations,but also provides a direction for optimization.The optimal irradiation schemes for producing ^(252)Cf,^(244)Cm,^(242)Cm,and ^(238)Pu are determined based on a rapid diagnostic method.Optimal irradiation schemes can significantly improve production efficiency.Compared with the initial scheme,the optimal scheme improved the production efficiency of ^(238)Pu by 7.41 times;^(242)Cm,11.98 times;^(244)Cm,65.20 times;and ^(252)Cf,15.08 times.Thus,a refined analysis of transplutonium isotope production is conducted and provides a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency.
基金Supported by Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Program of Shandong Province (2021Q097)。
文摘Distinguishing between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and advanced liver fibrosis is the key for clinical diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Liver biopsy, which is widely used for diagnosis of liver diseases at present, has many drawbacks, such as being invasive, expensive and unstable. This article compares and summarizes the commonly used non-invasive diagnostic methods, including their diagnostic parameters, advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide a useful reference for the diagnosis of NASH.
文摘An attempt has been made in the present study to forecast fog with a diagnostic method using the outputs of global NWP model.The diagnostic method is based on the combination of thresholds of meteorological variables involved in fog formation.The thresholds are computed using the observations during fog.These thresholds are applied to the output of a global NWP model for forecasting fog.The occurrence of fog is a common phenomenon during winter season over the northern plains of India.The diagnostic method is used to predict fog occurrences over three stations in north India.The proposed method is able to predict both occurrences and non-occurrences of fog at all the three stations.It is found that 94%of the fog events forecasted by the model using the diagnostic method have been actually observed at the selected stations.The performance of method in predicting fog is found best over Delhi with the highest accuracy(0.61)and probability of detection(0.60).The study signifies that diagnostic approach based on the output of a global model is a useful tool for predicting fog over a single location.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is highly prevalent in the human population and may lead to severe gastrointestinal pathology including gastric and duodenal ulcers,mucosa associated tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.In recent years,an alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance and subsequently failing empiric H.pylori eradication therapies have been noted worldwide,also in many European countries.Therefore,rapid and accurate determination of H.pylori’s antibiotic susceptibility prior to the administration of eradication regimens becomes ever more important.Traditionally,detection of H.pylori and its antimicrobial resistance is done by culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing that are cumbersome with a long turn-around-time.Recent advances in diagnostics provide new tools,like real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and line probe assays,to diagnose H.pylori infection and antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics,directly from clinical specimens.Moreover,high-throughput whole genome sequencing technologies allow the rapid analysis of the pathogen’s genome,thereby allowing identification of resistance mutations and associated antibiotic resistance.In the first part of this review,we will give an overview on currently available diagnostic methods for detection of H.pylori and its drug resistance and their implementation in H.pylori management.The second part of the review focusses on the use of next generation sequencing technology in H.pylori research.To this end,we conducted a literature search for original research articles in English using the terms“Helicobacter”,“transcriptomic”,“transcriptome”,“next generation sequencing”and“whole genome sequencing”.This review is aimed to bridge the gap between current diagnostic practice(histology,rapid urease test,H.pylori culture,PCR and line probe assays)and new sequencing technologies and their potential implementation in diagnostic laboratory settings in order to complement the currently recommended H.pylori management guidelines and subsequently improve public health.
文摘BACKGROUND Endometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids.Among them,endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients.Ultrasonography is an important means of diagnosing female reproductive system diseases,and it is of critical value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer.However,different ultrasound inspection programs have achieved different results.It is of great significance to choose a suitable inspection program.AIM To explore the diagnostic efficacy of different ultrasonic examination methods in clinical endometrial lesions.METHODS The 140 patients with endometrial lesions who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were used as the research subjects.All patients underwent transvaginal color ultrasound and transabdominal color ultrasound.We compared the diagnostic coincidence and image display effects of the two different examination methods,and the endometrial thickness,blood flow,uterine effusion and resistance index of different diseases were observed by transvaginal color ultrasound.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rate of all types of diseases of transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound(P=0.001,0.005,0.001 and 0.001).In addition,the excellent and good rate of image display of transvaginal color ultrasound was higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound(P=0.001).There were significant differences in endometrial thickness in patients with different types of endometrial lesions through the transvaginal color examination(P=0.001).The incidence rate of uterine effusion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with other types of endometrial lesions(P=0.001),and the rate of the blood flow was the highest(P=0.001).The comparison of blood flow resistance index indicated that the blood flow resistance index in endometrial cancer patients was the lowest,which shows that the difference was statistically significant(P=0.001).CONCLUSION The overall diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal color ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions is better than that of transabdominal color ultrasound,which held higher diagnostic coincidence rate and image display effect.There were significant differences in the thickness of the endometrium and the blood flow in different types of lesions.
文摘Reports manifest a continuing need for the development of rapid and on-site (point of care) assays. Current diagnostic methods commonly used for detection of antibodies and antigens have significant limitations. Scientists at Micro Detect, Inc. have developed an innovative diagnostic device (method) that can be utilized broadly for antibody/antigen interactions including diagnostic assays in the medical, veterinary and food industries. The developed device can be utilized for the detection of antibodies against a single antigen or vice versa. It can also be tailored for specific panels that detect antigens or antibodies for diverse infectious agents, proteins, hormones, tumor markers, autoimmune markers, and allergens. Additionally, it can also be used for detection of toxins, antitoxins, nucleic acids, enzymes, drugs, etc. in both humans and animals. Specimens used in different formats of the device can be tears, saliva, whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, stool, and other bodily discharges. The good intra and inter precisions and acceptable linearity of the device support reliable use of the device. The CV of the device is 1.9% - 2.2%. Likewise, the performance of the device using 92 confirmed negative and positive specimens via a typical assay showed 100% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 96.8% efficacy, 80% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. The results of our feasibility study suggest reliable utility of a device for rapid, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and on-site (point of care) diagnostic assays. This presents a potential breakthrough in diagnostic methodologies that can be integrated into modern medicine and food industries.
文摘Three categories of failure diagnostic methods for reciprocating compressors are classified according to the signals adopted by the diagnosis. They are parameter method, vibration method, and oil analysis method. In this paper, the applicable range and operational difficulties of these methods are discussed on the basis of analysis and induction upon normal failure. It is proposed that a compressor’s normal failure can be divided into thermodynamical property failure and mechanical function failure. As to the former, the parameter method that takes a cylinder pressure signal as the main diagnostic signal may be applied; and as to the latter, the vibration signal frequency spectrum can be used to diagnose. At the same time, the structure of an intelligent diagnostic system based on neural networks is introduced, and its schematic is given.
文摘In recent years,some new progress hasbeen made in the four diagnostic methods(四诊)of cancer.General observation hasdeveloped into systemic exploration intounderlying laws.Now,the four diagnosticmethods are experimentally studied andquantitatively analyzed by means of modernscientific technology.This report summa-rizes data from researches on the fourdiagnostic methods since 1981.
基金Supported by the Wellcome Trust(Ref.No.047413)WHO(GPV,DVB Project Grant No.V21/181/133)the INITIATIVE FOR VACCINE RESEARCH/IMMUNIZATION,VACCINES AND BIOLOGICALS for the period of study between 01/07/05 and 31/08/07 in part
文摘Measles eradication is biologically feasible. There is an availability of a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine; a proven elimination strategy; high Local demand; and an effective global partnership and initiative to support vaccination. Measles eradication is a cost-effective scenario and a good investment to avoid expensive epidemics and save those children die due to measles. Laboratory investigations are indispensable to monitor the progress of measles elimination. This role will require the development of more sensitive diagnostic methods suitable for diagnosis and surveillance, genetic analysis of measles strains and a technology which is transferable worldwide. Measles diagnosis relies increasingly on serological tests. The practical utility of oral-fluid methods(antibody and genetic) in evaluating and refining measles immunization programs would,additionally, provide support for a global surveillance initiative. The utility of in a population survey, in a vaccine sero-conversion study and application in molecular epidemiological use is demonstrated in this review. It is to be hoped that this review will assist in the wider uptake and acceptance of methodology in both developed and developing country situation. More research needed for further evaluation of a recently developed point-of-care test for measles diagnosis: detection of measles-specific Ig M antibodies and viral nucleic acid for wider use oral-fluid methodology. There is a strong case and imperative for the promotion of methods by World Health Organization in its global program of control/eradication of measles over the coming decade.
文摘Duck circovirus infection is an immunosuppressive disease that is characterized by growth retardant and odd deaths. Its infection is usually combined with other pathogens,making the clinical diagnosis more difficult. With the rapid development of molecular biological and immunological technologies,the laboratory diagnostic methods for duck circovirus infection also advance greatly. The paper summarizes the research advances in various laboratory detection methods for duck circovirus infection including PCR,nested PCR,multiple PCR,fluorescence quantitative PCR,LAMP,nucleic acid probe and ELISA,as well as their advantages and shortages,aiming at providing reference for finding novel detection methods and for the diagnosis and comprehensive prevention and control.
文摘With the increasingly stringent requirements for carbon emissions,countries have increased the scale of clean energy use in recent years.As an important new clean energy source,the ratio of wind power in energy utilization has been increasing.The horizontal axis wind turbine is the main form of wind power generation,which is subject to random wind loads during operation and is prone to various failures after a long period of operation,resulting in reduced power generation efficiency or even shutdown.In order to ensure stable external power transmission,it is necessary to perform fault diagnosis for wind turbines.However,the traditional time-frequency analysis method is defective.This paper proposes a new LOD-ICA method to realize the resolution of the vibration signals mode mixing problem incorporated the merits of both methods.The LOD-ICA method and the LOD method based on noise-assisted analysis decompose the same signal to produce different signal components.The feasibility of the LOD-ICA method was verified by comparing the correlation coefficients between each of the signal components generated by the two methods and the original signal.In the field of wind turbine fault diagnosis,the LOD-ICA method is employed to the fault characteristics of gearboxes to extract the fault signs of vibration signals,further demonstrated the superiority of the LOD-ICA method in processing vibration signals of rotating machinery.
文摘Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a means to procure adequate specimens for histological and cytologic analysis.The ideal EUS-FNA should be safe,accurate,and have a high sample adequacy rate and low adverse events rate.In recent years,many guidelines and trials on EUS-FNA have been published.The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the influence of some of the main factors on the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA as well as a rare but serious complication known as needle tract seeding.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field(Grant No.YSRR-018)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFC1510103)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41875006 and U1938115)the Chinese Meridian Project,and the International Partnership Program of CAS(Grant No.183311KYSB20200003).
文摘Tweek atmospherics are extremely low frequency and very low frequency pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics that originate from lightning discharges and that propagate in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide over long distances.In this study,we developed an automatic method to recognize tweek atmospherics and diagnose the lower ionosphere based on the machine learning method.The differences(automatic−manual)in each ionosphere parameter between the automatic method and the manual method were−0.07±2.73 km,0.03±0.92 cm^(−3),and 91±1,068 km for the ionospheric reflection height(h),equivalent electron densities at reflection heights(Ne),and propagation distance(d),respectively.Moreover,the automatic method is capable of recognizing higher harmonic tweek sferics.The evaluation results of the model suggest that the automatic method is a powerful tool for investigating the long-term variations in the lower ionosphere.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U1909217)the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.LD21E050001)the Wenzhou Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of China (Grant No.ZG2020051)。
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI),which has recently gained popularity,is being extensively employed in modern fault diagnostic research to preserve the reliability and productivity of machines.The effectiveness of AI is influenced by the quality of the labeled training data.However,in engineering scenarios,available data on mechanical equipment are scarce,and collecting massive amounts of well-annotated fault data to train AI models is expensive and difficult.In response to the inadequacy of training samples,a numerical simulation-based partial transfer learning method for machinery fault diagnosis is proposed.First,a suitable simulation model of critical components in a mechanical system is developed using the finite element method(FEM),and numerical simulation is performed to acquire FEM simulation samples containing different fault types.Second,several synthetic simulation samples are generated to form complete source domain training samples using a generative adversarial network.Subsequently,the partial transfer learning network is trained to extract shared fault characteristics between the simulation and measured samples in the case of class imbalance.Finally,the resulting model is used to diagnose unknown samples from real-world mechanical systems in operation.The proposed method is tested on actual fault samples of bearings and gears obtained from a public dataset and experimental test rig available in our laboratory,achieving average classification accuracy of 99.54%and 99.64%,respectively.Comparison investigations reveal that the proposed method has superior classification and generalization ability when detecting faults in real mechanical systems.
基金supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China (Nos. 2018YFE0302103 and 2018YFE 0302100)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12205195 and 11975277)。
文摘To investigate the potential of utilizing visible spectral imaging for controlling the plasma boundary shape during stable operation of plasma in future tokamak, a D_α band symmetric visible light diagnostic system was designed and implemented on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST). This system leverages two symmetric optics for joint plasma imaging. The optical system exhibits a spatial resolution less than 2 mm at the poloidal cross-section, distortion within the field of view below 10%, and relative illumination of 91%.The high-quality images obtained enable clear observation of both the plasma boundary position and the characteristics of components within the vacuum vessel. Following system calibration and coordinate transformation, the image coordinate boundary features are mapped to the tokamak coordinate system. Utilizing this system, the plasma boundary was reconstructed, and the resulting representation showed alignment with the EFIT(Equilibrium Fitting) results. This underscores the system's superior performance in boundary reconstruction applications and provides a diagnostic foundation for boundary shape control based on visible spectral imaging.
基金Supported by Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of the Bahia State Research Support Foundationthe Doctorate Scholarship Program of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel+1 种基金the Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmentand the CNPq Research Productivity Fellowship.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection has been well-established as a significant risk factor for several gastrointestinal disorders.The urea breath test(UBT)has emerged as a leading non-invasive method for detecting H.pylori.Despite numerous studies confirming its substantial accuracy,the reliability of UBT results is often compromised by inherent limitations.These findings underscore the need for a rigorous statistical synthesis to clarify and reconcile the diagnostic accuracy of the UBT for the diagnosis of H.pylori infection.AIM To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT for H.pylori infection in adult patients with dyspepsia.METHODS We conducted an independent search of the PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central databases until April 2022.Our search included diagnostic accuracy studies that evaluated at least one of the index tests(^(13)C-UBT or ^(14)C-UBT)against a reference standard.We used the QUADAS-2 tool to assess the methodo-logical quality of the studies.We utilized the bivariate random-effects model to calculate sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative test likelihood ratios(LR+and LR-),as well as the diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),and their 95%confidence intervals.We conducted subgroup analyses based on urea dosing,time after urea administration,and assessment technique.To investigate a possible threshold effect,we conducted Spearman correlation analysis,and we generated summary receiver operating characteristic(SROC)curves to assess heterogeneity.Finally,we visually inspected a funnel plot and used Egger’s test to evaluate publication bias.endorsing both as reliable diagnostic tools in clinical practice.CONCLUSION In summary,our study has demonstrated that ^(13)C-UBT has been found to outperform the ^(14)C-UBT,making it the preferred diagnostic approach.Additionally,our results emphasize the significance of carefully considering urea dosage,assessment timing,and measurement techniques for both tests to enhance diagnostic precision.Nevertheless,it is crucial for researchers and clinicians to evaluate the strengths and limitations of our findings before implementing them in practice.
文摘Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support to this work under Grant NSFC No.12072064.
文摘The collocation method is a widely used numerical method for science and engineering problems governed by partial differential equations.This paper provides a comprehensive review of collocation methods and their applications,focused on elasticity,heat conduction,electromagnetic field analysis,and fluid dynamics.The merits of the collocation method can be attributed to the need for element mesh,simple implementation,high computational efficiency,and ease in handling irregular domain problems since the collocation method is a type of node-based numerical method.Beginning with the fundamental principles of the collocation method,the discretization process in the continuous domain is elucidated,and how the collocation method approximation solutions for solving differential equations are explained.Delving into the historical development of the collocation methods,their earliest applications and key milestones are traced,thereby demonstrating their evolution within the realm of numerical computation.The mathematical foundations of collocation methods,encompassing the selection of interpolation functions,definition of weighting functions,and derivation of integration rules,are examined in detail,emphasizing their significance in comprehending the method’s effectiveness and stability.At last,the practical application of the collocation methods in engineering contexts is emphasized,including heat conduction simulations,electromagnetic coupled field analysis,and fluid dynamics simulations.These specific case studies can underscore collocation method’s broad applicability and effectiveness in addressing complex engineering challenges.In conclusion,this paper puts forward the future development trend of the collocation method through rigorous analysis and discussion,thereby facilitating further advancements in research and practical applications within these fields.
基金the Foundation for Cancer Research supported by Kyoto Preventive Medical Center and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid KAKENHI,No.JP 22K21080.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a global health concern,with advanced-stage diagnoses contributing to poor prognoses.The efficacy of CRC screening has been well-established;nevertheless,a significant proportion of patients remain unscreened,with>70%of cases diagnosed outside screening.Although identifying specific subgroups for whom CRC screening should be particularly recommended is crucial owing to limited resources,the association between the diagnostic routes and identification of these subgroups has been less appreciated.In the Japanese cancer registry,the diagnostic routes for groups discovered outside of screening are primarily categorized into those with comorbidities found during hospital visits and those with CRC-related symptoms.AIM To clarify the stage at CRC diagnosis based on diagnostic routes.METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study using a cancer registry of patients with CRC between January 2016 and December 2019 at two hospitals.The diagnostic routes were primarily classified into three groups:Cancer screening,follow-up,and symptomatic.The early-stage was defined as Stages 0 or I.Multivariate and univariate logistic regressions were exploited to determine the odds of early-stage diagnosis in the symptomatic and cancer screening groups,referencing the follow-up group.The adjusted covariates were age,sex,and tumor location.RESULTS Of the 2083 patients,715(34.4%),1064(51.1%),and 304(14.6%)belonged to the follow-up,symptomatic,and cancer screening groups,respectively.Among the 2083 patients,CRCs diagnosed at an early stage were 57.3%(410 of 715),23.9%(254 of 1064),and 59.5%(181 of 304)in the follow-up,symptomatic,and cancer screening groups,respectively.The symptomatic group exhibited a lower likelihood of early-stage diagnosis than the follow-up group[P<0.001,adjusted odds ratio(aOR),0.23;95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.19-0.29].The likelihood of diagnosis at an early stage was similar between the follow-up and cancer screening groups(P=0.493,aOR for early-stage diagnosis in the cancer screening group vs follow-up group=1.11;95%CI=0.82-1.49).CONCLUSION CRCs detected during hospital visits for comorbidities were diagnosed earlier,similar to cancer screening.CRC screening should be recommended,particularly for patients without periodical hospital visits for comorbidities.
