The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of...The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of the biochemical rationale behind the diet's principal guidelines has yet to be compiled.With rising interest for healthy and reliable life-style modifications to combat cardiovascular disease,this review aims to compile the most recent and relevant studies on this topic and make an informed assessment as to the efficacy of and underlying mechanisms operant in the DASH diet.Specifically,the merits of lowering dietary intake of sodium and saturated fat,as well as increasing the intake of fruits,vegetables,fiber,and dairy,have been shown to attenuate hypertension individually.Upon review of this evidence,we conclude that the combination of dietary patterns proposed in the DASH diet is effective in attenuating high blood pressure.We also suggest that efforts to more widely implement adoption of the DASH diet would be beneficial to public health.展开更多
Anti-hypertensive education is an important public health intervention to decrease the mortality and burden of the disease.Using digital technologies for education as a part of preventive measures for hypertension is ...Anti-hypertensive education is an important public health intervention to decrease the mortality and burden of the disease.Using digital technologies for education as a part of preventive measures for hypertension is a cost-effective approach and helps low-income communities and vulnerable populations overcome barriers to healthcare access.The coronavirus disease 19 pandemic further highlighted the need of new health interventions to address health inequalities.Virtual education is helpful to improve awareness,knowledge,and attitude toward hypertension.However,given the complexity of behavioral change,educational approaches do not always provide a change in behavior.Some of the obstacles in online hypertensive education could be time limitations,not being tailored to individual needs and not including the different elements of behavioral models to enhance behavior change.Studies regarding virtual education should be encouraged and involve lifestyle modifications emphasizing the importance of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet,salt restriction,and exercise and should be used adjunct to in-person visits for the management of hypertension.Additionally,to stratify patients according to hypertension type(essential or secondary)would be useful to create specific educational materials.Virtual hypertension education is promising to increase awareness regarding risk factors and most importantly motivate patients to be more compliant with management helping to decrease hypertension related complications and hospitalizations.展开更多
Selecting diets by quantitative techniques is becoming increasingly common. Linear programming is the most popular technique for the selection of least cost mixes of food to meet specific nutritional requirements for ...Selecting diets by quantitative techniques is becoming increasingly common. Linear programming is the most popular technique for the selection of least cost mixes of food to meet specific nutritional requirements for a particular group of persons for either general health or disease-related reason. Hypertension is a silent killer and its prevalence rate especially in the developing countries, which has been mostly associated to demographic, environmental and genetic factors, is becoming alarming. The DASH diet has been clinically proven to prevent and control hypertension. In this paper, a model that provides a Daily Optimal (minimum cost) DASH Diet plan for people with hypertension is formulated. The objective is to obtain daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH Diets’ nutrients Tolerable Upper and Lower Intake for different daily Calorie Levels. The formulated DASH diet model was further illustrated using real data set with food samples gotten from the DASH eating plan chart. A DASH diet model for a hypertensive person with a 2000-daily-caloric need was formulated and its optimal diet plan for a day obtained with a total cost of 944.41 Naira. Optimal diet plans for other recommended daily calorie levels were also obtained.展开更多
A Linear Programming DASH diet model for persons with hypertension has previously been formulated and daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH diets’ tolerable intake level of the nutrients for 1500 mg a d...A Linear Programming DASH diet model for persons with hypertension has previously been formulated and daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH diets’ tolerable intake level of the nutrients for 1500 mg a day Sodium level and different daily calorie levels were obtained using sample foods from the DASH diet eating plan chart. But the limitation in the use of linear programming model in selecting diet plans to meet specific nutritional requirements which normally results in the oversupply of certain nutrients was evident in the linear programming DASH diet plan obtained as the nutrient level of the diet plans obtained had wide deviations of from the DASH diets’ tolerable upper and lower intake level for the given calorie and sodium levels. Hence the need for a model that gives diet plans with minimized nutrients’ level deviations from the DASH diets’ tolerable intake level for different daily calorie and sodium level at desired cost. A weighted Goal Programming DASH diet model that minimizes the daily cost of the DASH eating plan as well as deviations of the diets’ nutrients content from the DASH diet’s tolerable intake levels is hereby presented in this work. The formulated weighted goal programming DASH diet model is further illustrated using chosen sample foods from the DASH food chart as used in the work on the linear programming DASH diet model for a 1500 mg sodium level and 2000 calories a day diet plan as well as for 1800, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800 and 3000 daily calorie levels. A comparison of the DASH nutrients’ composition of the weighted Goal Programming DASH diet plans and those of the linear programming DASH diet plans were carried out at this sodium level and the different daily calorie levels. It was evident from the results of the comparison that the weighted goal programming DASH diet plans has minimized deviations from the DASH diet’s tolerable intake levels than those of the linear programming DASH diet plans.展开更多
目的评价终止高血压膳食疗法(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)对糖尿病患者代谢结局水平的影响。方法检索中英文共10个数据库中关于DASH饮食干预糖尿病的随机对照试验及队列研究,检索时限为建库至2022年12月。2名研究者...目的评价终止高血压膳食疗法(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)对糖尿病患者代谢结局水平的影响。方法检索中英文共10个数据库中关于DASH饮食干预糖尿病的随机对照试验及队列研究,检索时限为建库至2022年12月。2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取、文献质量评价。运用RevMan 5.4软件对RCT进行Meta分析,对队列研究进行描述性分析。结果纳入9项研究(8项RCT、1项队列研究),共990名患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,DASH饮食在空腹血糖水平、空腹胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型水平、总谷胱甘肽水平、总抗氧化能力水平方面有统计学差异(P<0.05)。在糖化血红蛋白、超敏C-反应蛋白方面,两组差异无统计学意义。同时,队列研究结果表明,DASH饮食在改善空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型水平方面,差异无统计学意义(P=0.89,P=0.55)。结论DASH饮食可改善糖尿病患者多项代谢指标,但仍需更多高质量的大样本研究予以验证。展开更多
原发性高血压是一种病理生理过程复杂的慢性疾病,其发病原因至今未明确。对于血压增高但不足标准高血压（120~140/80~90 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa）的人群,近年来引入高血压前期的概念。高血压前期是防止高血压以及避免一系列心血管疾...原发性高血压是一种病理生理过程复杂的慢性疾病,其发病原因至今未明确。对于血压增高但不足标准高血压（120~140/80~90 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa）的人群,近年来引入高血压前期的概念。高血压前期是防止高血压以及避免一系列心血管疾病发生的关键时期。近年来科学家们提出了针对高血压前期系统治疗的若干模式,如饮食模式、合理运动模式、药物干预模式。但高血压前期是否需要使用药物进行干预仍是一个具有争议的问题。该文对高血压前期的饮食模式干预、运动模式疗法以及是否采用药物防治进行全面阐述。展开更多
目的:了解重庆市老年高血压患者终止高血压膳食(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)评分现况,探讨DASH评分与主要心血管疾病危险因素的关系。方法:2016年4至6月,随机抽取重庆市的2个城区,再从2区中各随机抽取1个卫生服务站...目的:了解重庆市老年高血压患者终止高血压膳食(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)评分现况,探讨DASH评分与主要心血管疾病危险因素的关系。方法:2016年4至6月,随机抽取重庆市的2个城区,再从2区中各随机抽取1个卫生服务站作为调查点,采用DASH问卷对前来体检的高血压患者进行问卷调查,并收集体格检查和实验室检测数据。结果:共调查435例重庆老年高血压患者。患者DASH评分的中位数为5.0分,得分范围为2~8分(总分10分),在水果类、奶类、坚果类各条目中得到满分的比例分别仅为1.6%、1.6%、2.5%。单因素方差分析显示不同DASH得分五分位数分组的患者收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示DASH得分与SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、BMI和WC水平均呈负相关(r分别为-0.175、-0.323、-0.532、-0.521、-0.483、-0.169、-0.360,P<0.001),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)水平呈正相关(r=0.108,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示患者DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和WC水平与DASH评分关系密切(P<0.05)。结论:重庆老年高血压患者DASH评分较低,DASH评分与心血管疾病危险因素水平有显著的相关性,提高患者DASH评分能降低心血管疾病危险因素的水平。应加强高血压患者DASH干预,改善患者饮食模式,进而降低心血管相关疾病的发生与发展。展开更多
基金Supported by The Huntington Foundation as well as Brickstreet Insurance,HL109015,HL105649 and HL 071556
文摘The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of the biochemical rationale behind the diet's principal guidelines has yet to be compiled.With rising interest for healthy and reliable life-style modifications to combat cardiovascular disease,this review aims to compile the most recent and relevant studies on this topic and make an informed assessment as to the efficacy of and underlying mechanisms operant in the DASH diet.Specifically,the merits of lowering dietary intake of sodium and saturated fat,as well as increasing the intake of fruits,vegetables,fiber,and dairy,have been shown to attenuate hypertension individually.Upon review of this evidence,we conclude that the combination of dietary patterns proposed in the DASH diet is effective in attenuating high blood pressure.We also suggest that efforts to more widely implement adoption of the DASH diet would be beneficial to public health.
文摘Anti-hypertensive education is an important public health intervention to decrease the mortality and burden of the disease.Using digital technologies for education as a part of preventive measures for hypertension is a cost-effective approach and helps low-income communities and vulnerable populations overcome barriers to healthcare access.The coronavirus disease 19 pandemic further highlighted the need of new health interventions to address health inequalities.Virtual education is helpful to improve awareness,knowledge,and attitude toward hypertension.However,given the complexity of behavioral change,educational approaches do not always provide a change in behavior.Some of the obstacles in online hypertensive education could be time limitations,not being tailored to individual needs and not including the different elements of behavioral models to enhance behavior change.Studies regarding virtual education should be encouraged and involve lifestyle modifications emphasizing the importance of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet,salt restriction,and exercise and should be used adjunct to in-person visits for the management of hypertension.Additionally,to stratify patients according to hypertension type(essential or secondary)would be useful to create specific educational materials.Virtual hypertension education is promising to increase awareness regarding risk factors and most importantly motivate patients to be more compliant with management helping to decrease hypertension related complications and hospitalizations.
文摘Selecting diets by quantitative techniques is becoming increasingly common. Linear programming is the most popular technique for the selection of least cost mixes of food to meet specific nutritional requirements for a particular group of persons for either general health or disease-related reason. Hypertension is a silent killer and its prevalence rate especially in the developing countries, which has been mostly associated to demographic, environmental and genetic factors, is becoming alarming. The DASH diet has been clinically proven to prevent and control hypertension. In this paper, a model that provides a Daily Optimal (minimum cost) DASH Diet plan for people with hypertension is formulated. The objective is to obtain daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH Diets’ nutrients Tolerable Upper and Lower Intake for different daily Calorie Levels. The formulated DASH diet model was further illustrated using real data set with food samples gotten from the DASH eating plan chart. A DASH diet model for a hypertensive person with a 2000-daily-caloric need was formulated and its optimal diet plan for a day obtained with a total cost of 944.41 Naira. Optimal diet plans for other recommended daily calorie levels were also obtained.
文摘A Linear Programming DASH diet model for persons with hypertension has previously been formulated and daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH diets’ tolerable intake level of the nutrients for 1500 mg a day Sodium level and different daily calorie levels were obtained using sample foods from the DASH diet eating plan chart. But the limitation in the use of linear programming model in selecting diet plans to meet specific nutritional requirements which normally results in the oversupply of certain nutrients was evident in the linear programming DASH diet plan obtained as the nutrient level of the diet plans obtained had wide deviations of from the DASH diets’ tolerable upper and lower intake level for the given calorie and sodium levels. Hence the need for a model that gives diet plans with minimized nutrients’ level deviations from the DASH diets’ tolerable intake level for different daily calorie and sodium level at desired cost. A weighted Goal Programming DASH diet model that minimizes the daily cost of the DASH eating plan as well as deviations of the diets’ nutrients content from the DASH diet’s tolerable intake levels is hereby presented in this work. The formulated weighted goal programming DASH diet model is further illustrated using chosen sample foods from the DASH food chart as used in the work on the linear programming DASH diet model for a 1500 mg sodium level and 2000 calories a day diet plan as well as for 1800, 2200, 2400, 2600, 2800 and 3000 daily calorie levels. A comparison of the DASH nutrients’ composition of the weighted Goal Programming DASH diet plans and those of the linear programming DASH diet plans were carried out at this sodium level and the different daily calorie levels. It was evident from the results of the comparison that the weighted goal programming DASH diet plans has minimized deviations from the DASH diet’s tolerable intake levels than those of the linear programming DASH diet plans.
文摘原发性高血压是一种病理生理过程复杂的慢性疾病,其发病原因至今未明确。对于血压增高但不足标准高血压（120~140/80~90 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa）的人群,近年来引入高血压前期的概念。高血压前期是防止高血压以及避免一系列心血管疾病发生的关键时期。近年来科学家们提出了针对高血压前期系统治疗的若干模式,如饮食模式、合理运动模式、药物干预模式。但高血压前期是否需要使用药物进行干预仍是一个具有争议的问题。该文对高血压前期的饮食模式干预、运动模式疗法以及是否采用药物防治进行全面阐述。
文摘目的:了解重庆市老年高血压患者终止高血压膳食(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)评分现况,探讨DASH评分与主要心血管疾病危险因素的关系。方法:2016年4至6月,随机抽取重庆市的2个城区,再从2区中各随机抽取1个卫生服务站作为调查点,采用DASH问卷对前来体检的高血压患者进行问卷调查,并收集体格检查和实验室检测数据。结果:共调查435例重庆老年高血压患者。患者DASH评分的中位数为5.0分,得分范围为2~8分(总分10分),在水果类、奶类、坚果类各条目中得到满分的比例分别仅为1.6%、1.6%、2.5%。单因素方差分析显示不同DASH得分五分位数分组的患者收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示DASH得分与SBP、DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、BMI和WC水平均呈负相关(r分别为-0.175、-0.323、-0.532、-0.521、-0.483、-0.169、-0.360,P<0.001),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,HDL-C)水平呈正相关(r=0.108,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示患者DBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和WC水平与DASH评分关系密切(P<0.05)。结论:重庆老年高血压患者DASH评分较低,DASH评分与心血管疾病危险因素水平有显著的相关性,提高患者DASH评分能降低心血管疾病危险因素的水平。应加强高血压患者DASH干预,改善患者饮食模式,进而降低心血管相关疾病的发生与发展。
