Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term foll...Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.展开更多
As fish stocks have been overexploited and catches have decreased over the last few years,the cephalopod catch has increased globally to the point that they are now among the most important marine resources in the wor...As fish stocks have been overexploited and catches have decreased over the last few years,the cephalopod catch has increased globally to the point that they are now among the most important marine resources in the world.Climate change and hu-man activities greatly affect the growth and abundance of cephalopods.Understanding how the individual growth of key species varies and how they respond to environmental changes is essential for an effective fishery management.Loliolus beka and Amphioc-topus fangsiao are two dominant species in the cephalopod community of Yellow Sea(YS).Both of them are commercially impor-tant and have great ecological values.Herein,we compared the body weights(BW)of these two species from 2011 to 2018 based on an analysis of biological parameters(i.e.,mantle length and BW)from trawl surveys in the YS.Considerable temporal variations in the BW of the two species are apparent.Specifically,the BW of L.beka was the lowest in 2011 and the highest in 2017,and the well growth was noted in 2015-2018.The BW of A.fangsiao was the lowest in 2013 and the highest in 2016,while well growth was ob-served in 2015-2016.Mixed-effect models indicate that the BW of these species correlates significantly with the sea surface tem-perature(SST)and Southern Oscillation Index(SOI),suggesting the impact of the regional environment associated with strong ENSO events on BW.In a different response window,growth increases with increased SST and decreases with increased SOI.The consistent patterns of the BW of these cephalopods in response to environmental factors demonstrate they can be employed as indi-cator species for studying environmental change in the YS.Our results improve the understanding of the responses of cephalopods to environmental changes in the YS,as well as the mechanisms that drive their growth.Such information is critical for the effective management and sustainable development of cephalopod fisheries in this region.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.Methods:Five hundred cases of twin pregnancies were divided into a...Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.Methods:Five hundred cases of twin pregnancies were divided into a low body weight group(68 cases),a normal weight group(355 cases),an overweight group(65 cases),and an obesity group(12 cases)according to the World Health Organization(WHO)Body Mass Index(BMI)classification guidelines Results:Comparison of weight gain during different pregnancies revealed that pregnant women were mainly of low weight and average weight.The higher the BMI before pregnancy,the higher the incidence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy.The incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and premature rupture of membranes in women with low weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with average weight gain and high weight gain(P<0.05).The incidences of gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,and anemia in women with high weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with low weight gain and average weight gain(P<0.05).The incidence of neonatal birth weight,fetal distress,and macrosomia in the high weight gain group was significantly higher than those in the low weight gain and average weight gain groups(P<0.05).The birth weight of newborns in low-weight gain mothers was significantly lower than that of normal-weight gain mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:Poor maternal and infant outcomes were common in women with insufficient or excessive weight gain during pregnancy.Therefore,for women with twin pregnancies,weight management is crucial to ensure maternal and infant health.展开更多
To investigate the effect of increasing dietary zinc supplementation on body weight and learning ability in rats.Zinc supplemental diet contained 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc,respectively.Y-labyrinth test wa...To investigate the effect of increasing dietary zinc supplementation on body weight and learning ability in rats.Zinc supplemental diet contained 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc,respectively.Y-labyrinth test was applied to exam the learning and memory function of rats.Significantly greater weight gain was observed in rats fed with 400 mg/kg zinc diet than in rats fed with 200 mg/kg zinc diet(P<0.05). During the early experiment, lower weight increments were notably observed in rats with 600, 800 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc supplementation than that in control group, respectively. But the influence on weight relief became weaker in pace with time on the whole. Learning and memory function for rats were strikingly improved at level of 200 mg/kg zinc diet compared with the control level(P<0.05), and were damaged in varying degrees at higher(except 1 600 mg/kg) zinc supplementation levels in feeds, among which,800 mg/kg zinc dosage had produced obviously lesion for learning ability in rats compared with normal, 200 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc levels(P<0.05, respectively).[Conclusion]These results suggest that different levels of zinc supplementation have some incompletely parallel effects on the growth, memory and capacity to learn in rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND The trend of prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is prominent,and effective intervention can lead to a return to prediabetes.Exploring the factors influencing the outcome of prediabetes...BACKGROUND The trend of prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is prominent,and effective intervention can lead to a return to prediabetes.Exploring the factors influencing the outcome of prediabetes is helpful to guide clinical intervention.The weight change in patients with prediabetes has not attracted much attention.AIM To explore the interaction between body weight and the factors affecting the progression of prediabetes to T2DM.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 236 patients with prediabetes and 50 with normal glucose tolerance(NGT),and collected clinical data and follow-up results of all patients.Based on natural blood glucose outcomes,we classified 66 patients with progression to T2DM into the disease progression(DP)group,and 170 patients without progression to T2DM into the disease outcome(DO)group.We analyzed the factors that influenced prediabetes outcome and the influence of body weight on prediabetes blood glucose outcome by unconditional logistic regression.A general linear model(univariate)was used to analyze the interaction between body weight and independent influencing factors.RESULTS There were 98 cases of impaired fasting glucose(IFG),90 cases of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),and 48 cases of coexistent IFG and IGT.The body weight,waist circumference,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,and 2 h plasma glucose of patients with IFG,IGT,and coexistent IFG and IGT were higher than those in patients with NGT(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that body weight,glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,fasting insulin,and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were independent factors affecting progression of prediabetes to T2DM(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve predicted by the above indicators combined was 0.905[95%confidence interval(CI):0.863-0.948],which was greater than that predicted by each indicator alone.Logistic regression analysis with baseline body weight as an independent variable showed that compared with body weight 1,the odds ratio(95%CI)of body weight 3 was 1.399(1.142-2.126)(P=0.033).There was a multiplicative interaction between body weight and uric acid(β=1.953,P=0.005).CONCLUSION High body weight in patients with prediabetes is an independent risk factor for progression to T2DM,and the risk of progression is increased when coexisting with high uric acid level.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass is steadily rising each year.Low body weight is commonly linked to diminished bone mass and serves as a robust predictor of osteoporosis.Nonetheless,the conn...BACKGROUND The prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass is steadily rising each year.Low body weight is commonly linked to diminished bone mass and serves as a robust predictor of osteoporosis.Nonetheless,the connection between body mass index(BMI),bone mineral density,and lipid profiles among the elderly remains elusive.AIM To examine the association between BMI and bone mass,explore the correlation between lipid profiles and bone mass,and delve into the interplay between lipid metabolism and bone health.METHODS The study included 520 patients aged≥65 years(178 men and 342 women).Age,sex,weight,and height were recorded.Femoral neck bone mineral density and T scores were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner.Blood calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),albumin(ALB),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels were measured.Patients were classified by sex(male and female),age(65-79 years and≥80 years),and T score(normal bone mineral density,osteopenia and osteoporosis).RESULTS Age,sex,BMI,and ALP and TG levels were independent risk factors for osteoporosis.For the 65-79-and≥80-yearold groups,females presented lower T scores than males.Ca,P,ALB,ALP,TC,HDL and LDL levels were significantly different between men and women in the 65-79-year-old group.In addition,BMI and TG levels were significantly decreased in osteoporotic patients compared with patients with normal bone mass.TC levels declined in 65-to 79-year-old male and female osteoporosis patients.In the group of women aged≥80 years,osteoporotic patients showed significantly increased ALP levels.Furthermore,we found positive correlations between BMI and TG levels in the male and female patient groups.However,we found no significant differences in ALB,Ca,P,HDL and LDL levels in osteoporotic patients compared to patients with normal bone mass.CONCLUSION Osteoporotic patients showed significantly decreased BMI and TG levels compared with those with normal bone mass.BMI showed positive correlations with TG levels in male and female patients.These results indicate correlations between BMI and bone mass and between lipid profiles and bone mass.展开更多
In order to change for the good flavor in green tea of middle or low grade,roast naked barley(miner ingredient) was added to it.To make tea having functional property,mixed roast naked barley-green tea with one medici...In order to change for the good flavor in green tea of middle or low grade,roast naked barley(miner ingredient) was added to it.To make tea having functional property,mixed roast naked barley-green tea with one medicinal herb(MH,miner ingredient).This study was performed to investigate the effect of drinking extracts of naked barley- MH- green tea(A group) and adlay- Angelica gigas Nakai- green tea(B group) on the body weights of rats,and volatile flavor components of best effective extract on weight reduction.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups were fed five different green tea extracts for 8 weeks.The result obtained in the experiment indicated that the change of body weights of rats was affected by A group,B group and others.A group showed highest reduction rate of body weights(36.40%).Reduction rate of body weights on the B group(10.10%) was much lower than A group(36.40%).Aroma compounds were extracted by the SDE method.The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS.The main aroma components of the green tea blended with naked barley and MH were 12 pyrazines having roasty note,methyl butanals having sweet note,hexanal having briskness greenish note,and nerolidol and β-ionone having floral note.展开更多
农村地区之间存在着显著的地区差异,为了指导农村电网投资,提出一种基于组合赋权和多属性边界逼近区域比较法(multi-attributive border approximation area comparison,MABAC)的差异化农网综合效益评价模型。首先,综合考虑农村地区差...农村地区之间存在着显著的地区差异,为了指导农村电网投资,提出一种基于组合赋权和多属性边界逼近区域比较法(multi-attributive border approximation area comparison,MABAC)的差异化农网综合效益评价模型。首先,综合考虑农村地区差异及乡村振兴战略对农网发展的要求,从农网投资经济效益、供电能力、基础设施情况、地区发展带动、生产生活质量、清洁低碳发展等6个方面构建农网综合效益评价指标体系;其次,基于最小化主客观权重异质性原则构建基于图模型—熵权法的组合赋权模型,并引入MABAC方法用于解决农网综合效益评价问题;最后,通过算例分析验证了所提出模型的有效性。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition(17dz2272000)Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Key weak discipline construction project 2019ZB0101)the Scientific research fund of China Nutrition Society(CNSHPNK2021-16)。
文摘Objective:Postpartum weight retention(PPWR)is a common problem among women after childbirth.The main objectives of this study are to understand the changes in body weight of breastfeeding mothers during long-term follow-up and preliminarily explore the relationship between maternal body weight and human milk composition,including macronutrients,leptin,and adiponectin.Methods:The study included a longitudinal cohort(122 mothers),and a cross-sectional cohort(37 mothers).The human milk,maternal weight,and dietary surveys were collected in the longitudinal cohort at different follow-up time points(1-14 days postpartum,2-4 months postpartum,5-7 months postpartum,and 12-17 months postpartum).The maternal body weight was analyzed using the responses in the survey questionnaires.A milk analyzer based on the mid-infrared spectroscopy(MIRS)was used to determine milk composition,and nutrition analysis software evaluated dietary intakes.In the cross-sectional cohort,participating mothers were asked to provide blood and human milk samples and pertinent information related to maternal body composition.Maternal body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA),while ELISA analyzed leptin and adiponectin in milk and serum.Results:At 5-7 months postpartum,the PPWR of breastfeeding mothers was(2.46±3.59)kg.At 12-17 months postpartum,the PPWR was(0.98±4.06)kg.PPWR was found to be negatively correlated with milk fat content within 14 days postpartum and positively correlated at 2-4 months postpartum.In addition,the maternal weight and body muscle mass were positively correlated with leptin and adiponectin in milk.Plasma leptin was positively correlated with the mother’s body weight,body mass index(BMI),FAT percentage,and body fat mass,while plasma adiponectin did not correlate with any parameter.The results also indicate that the PPWR did not correlate with leptin and adiponectin in plasma or milk.Conclusions:Breastfeeding mothers may retain considerable weight gain one year after delivery.Human milk composition may be related to changes in maternal body weight.Leptin and adiponectin in breast milk and leptin in plasma are associated with the maternal body composition.This study supports the notion that maternal nutritional status may affect offspring health through lactation,and future research should focus on exploring weight management of postpartum mothers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930534 and 41861134037).
文摘As fish stocks have been overexploited and catches have decreased over the last few years,the cephalopod catch has increased globally to the point that they are now among the most important marine resources in the world.Climate change and hu-man activities greatly affect the growth and abundance of cephalopods.Understanding how the individual growth of key species varies and how they respond to environmental changes is essential for an effective fishery management.Loliolus beka and Amphioc-topus fangsiao are two dominant species in the cephalopod community of Yellow Sea(YS).Both of them are commercially impor-tant and have great ecological values.Herein,we compared the body weights(BW)of these two species from 2011 to 2018 based on an analysis of biological parameters(i.e.,mantle length and BW)from trawl surveys in the YS.Considerable temporal variations in the BW of the two species are apparent.Specifically,the BW of L.beka was the lowest in 2011 and the highest in 2017,and the well growth was noted in 2015-2018.The BW of A.fangsiao was the lowest in 2013 and the highest in 2016,while well growth was ob-served in 2015-2016.Mixed-effect models indicate that the BW of these species correlates significantly with the sea surface tem-perature(SST)and Southern Oscillation Index(SOI),suggesting the impact of the regional environment associated with strong ENSO events on BW.In a different response window,growth increases with increased SST and decreases with increased SOI.The consistent patterns of the BW of these cephalopods in response to environmental factors demonstrate they can be employed as indi-cator species for studying environmental change in the YS.Our results improve the understanding of the responses of cephalopods to environmental changes in the YS,as well as the mechanisms that drive their growth.Such information is critical for the effective management and sustainable development of cephalopod fisheries in this region.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal body mass index(BMI)and gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.Methods:Five hundred cases of twin pregnancies were divided into a low body weight group(68 cases),a normal weight group(355 cases),an overweight group(65 cases),and an obesity group(12 cases)according to the World Health Organization(WHO)Body Mass Index(BMI)classification guidelines Results:Comparison of weight gain during different pregnancies revealed that pregnant women were mainly of low weight and average weight.The higher the BMI before pregnancy,the higher the incidence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy.The incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and premature rupture of membranes in women with low weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with average weight gain and high weight gain(P<0.05).The incidences of gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,and anemia in women with high weight gain were significantly higher than those in women with low weight gain and average weight gain(P<0.05).The incidence of neonatal birth weight,fetal distress,and macrosomia in the high weight gain group was significantly higher than those in the low weight gain and average weight gain groups(P<0.05).The birth weight of newborns in low-weight gain mothers was significantly lower than that of normal-weight gain mothers(P<0.05).Conclusion:Poor maternal and infant outcomes were common in women with insufficient or excessive weight gain during pregnancy.Therefore,for women with twin pregnancies,weight management is crucial to ensure maternal and infant health.
文摘To investigate the effect of increasing dietary zinc supplementation on body weight and learning ability in rats.Zinc supplemental diet contained 200, 400, 600, 800 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc,respectively.Y-labyrinth test was applied to exam the learning and memory function of rats.Significantly greater weight gain was observed in rats fed with 400 mg/kg zinc diet than in rats fed with 200 mg/kg zinc diet(P<0.05). During the early experiment, lower weight increments were notably observed in rats with 600, 800 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc supplementation than that in control group, respectively. But the influence on weight relief became weaker in pace with time on the whole. Learning and memory function for rats were strikingly improved at level of 200 mg/kg zinc diet compared with the control level(P<0.05), and were damaged in varying degrees at higher(except 1 600 mg/kg) zinc supplementation levels in feeds, among which,800 mg/kg zinc dosage had produced obviously lesion for learning ability in rats compared with normal, 200 or 1 600 mg/kg zinc levels(P<0.05, respectively).[Conclusion]These results suggest that different levels of zinc supplementation have some incompletely parallel effects on the growth, memory and capacity to learn in rats.
基金The study was reviewed and approved by The First People’s Hospital of Wenling City(Approval No.KY-2019-1024-01).
文摘BACKGROUND The trend of prediabetes progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is prominent,and effective intervention can lead to a return to prediabetes.Exploring the factors influencing the outcome of prediabetes is helpful to guide clinical intervention.The weight change in patients with prediabetes has not attracted much attention.AIM To explore the interaction between body weight and the factors affecting the progression of prediabetes to T2DM.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 236 patients with prediabetes and 50 with normal glucose tolerance(NGT),and collected clinical data and follow-up results of all patients.Based on natural blood glucose outcomes,we classified 66 patients with progression to T2DM into the disease progression(DP)group,and 170 patients without progression to T2DM into the disease outcome(DO)group.We analyzed the factors that influenced prediabetes outcome and the influence of body weight on prediabetes blood glucose outcome by unconditional logistic regression.A general linear model(univariate)was used to analyze the interaction between body weight and independent influencing factors.RESULTS There were 98 cases of impaired fasting glucose(IFG),90 cases of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),and 48 cases of coexistent IFG and IGT.The body weight,waist circumference,body mass index,fasting blood glucose,and 2 h plasma glucose of patients with IFG,IGT,and coexistent IFG and IGT were higher than those in patients with NGT(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that body weight,glycosylated hemoglobin,uric acid,fasting insulin,and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were independent factors affecting progression of prediabetes to T2DM(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve predicted by the above indicators combined was 0.905[95%confidence interval(CI):0.863-0.948],which was greater than that predicted by each indicator alone.Logistic regression analysis with baseline body weight as an independent variable showed that compared with body weight 1,the odds ratio(95%CI)of body weight 3 was 1.399(1.142-2.126)(P=0.033).There was a multiplicative interaction between body weight and uric acid(β=1.953,P=0.005).CONCLUSION High body weight in patients with prediabetes is an independent risk factor for progression to T2DM,and the risk of progression is increased when coexisting with high uric acid level.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Elderly Health Research Project,No.LD2021010Jiangsu Elderly Health Research Project,Key Project of Elderly Health Research Project,No.LKZ2022010Open Project of National Key Professional Base for Standardized Training of Resident Physicians in Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University,No.ZDZYJD-QK-2022-7.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass is steadily rising each year.Low body weight is commonly linked to diminished bone mass and serves as a robust predictor of osteoporosis.Nonetheless,the connection between body mass index(BMI),bone mineral density,and lipid profiles among the elderly remains elusive.AIM To examine the association between BMI and bone mass,explore the correlation between lipid profiles and bone mass,and delve into the interplay between lipid metabolism and bone health.METHODS The study included 520 patients aged≥65 years(178 men and 342 women).Age,sex,weight,and height were recorded.Femoral neck bone mineral density and T scores were determined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner.Blood calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P),albumin(ALB),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL)and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)levels were measured.Patients were classified by sex(male and female),age(65-79 years and≥80 years),and T score(normal bone mineral density,osteopenia and osteoporosis).RESULTS Age,sex,BMI,and ALP and TG levels were independent risk factors for osteoporosis.For the 65-79-and≥80-yearold groups,females presented lower T scores than males.Ca,P,ALB,ALP,TC,HDL and LDL levels were significantly different between men and women in the 65-79-year-old group.In addition,BMI and TG levels were significantly decreased in osteoporotic patients compared with patients with normal bone mass.TC levels declined in 65-to 79-year-old male and female osteoporosis patients.In the group of women aged≥80 years,osteoporotic patients showed significantly increased ALP levels.Furthermore,we found positive correlations between BMI and TG levels in the male and female patient groups.However,we found no significant differences in ALB,Ca,P,HDL and LDL levels in osteoporotic patients compared to patients with normal bone mass.CONCLUSION Osteoporotic patients showed significantly decreased BMI and TG levels compared with those with normal bone mass.BMI showed positive correlations with TG levels in male and female patients.These results indicate correlations between BMI and bone mass and between lipid profiles and bone mass.
文摘In order to change for the good flavor in green tea of middle or low grade,roast naked barley(miner ingredient) was added to it.To make tea having functional property,mixed roast naked barley-green tea with one medicinal herb(MH,miner ingredient).This study was performed to investigate the effect of drinking extracts of naked barley- MH- green tea(A group) and adlay- Angelica gigas Nakai- green tea(B group) on the body weights of rats,and volatile flavor components of best effective extract on weight reduction.Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into six groups were fed five different green tea extracts for 8 weeks.The result obtained in the experiment indicated that the change of body weights of rats was affected by A group,B group and others.A group showed highest reduction rate of body weights(36.40%).Reduction rate of body weights on the B group(10.10%) was much lower than A group(36.40%).Aroma compounds were extracted by the SDE method.The concentrated aroma extracts were analyzed and identified by GC and GC-MS.The main aroma components of the green tea blended with naked barley and MH were 12 pyrazines having roasty note,methyl butanals having sweet note,hexanal having briskness greenish note,and nerolidol and β-ionone having floral note.
文摘农村地区之间存在着显著的地区差异,为了指导农村电网投资,提出一种基于组合赋权和多属性边界逼近区域比较法(multi-attributive border approximation area comparison,MABAC)的差异化农网综合效益评价模型。首先,综合考虑农村地区差异及乡村振兴战略对农网发展的要求,从农网投资经济效益、供电能力、基础设施情况、地区发展带动、生产生活质量、清洁低碳发展等6个方面构建农网综合效益评价指标体系;其次,基于最小化主客观权重异质性原则构建基于图模型—熵权法的组合赋权模型,并引入MABAC方法用于解决农网综合效益评价问题;最后,通过算例分析验证了所提出模型的有效性。
