Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful tool to characterize parental chromosomes in interspecific hybrids, including the behaviour of autosynapsis and chromosome pairing. It was used to distinguish the chr...Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful tool to characterize parental chromosomes in interspecific hybrids, including the behaviour of autosynapsis and chromosome pairing. It was used to distinguish the chromosomes of Oryza sativa from wild species in a spontaneous interspecific hybrid and to investigate the chromosome pairing at metaphase I in meiosis of the hybrid in this study. The hybrid was a triploid with 36 chromosomes according to the chromosome number investigated in mitosis of root tips. During metaphase I of meiosis in the hybrid, less chromosome pairing was observed and most of the chromosomes existed as univalent. Based on GISH and FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) analyses, the chromosomes of the hybrid were composed of genomes A, B and C. Thus, it was believed that the hybrid was the result of natural hybridization between cultivated rice and wild species O. minuta which was planted in experimental fields.展开更多
From the progenies of a telotrisomic of chromosome 9 short arm of an indica rice variety, Zhongxian 3037, a phenotypical variant was selected. The variant plant had rolled leaves, dispersed plant type, as well as a lo...From the progenies of a telotrisomic of chromosome 9 short arm of an indica rice variety, Zhongxian 3037, a phenotypical variant was selected. The variant plant had rolled leaves, dispersed plant type, as well as a low seed-setting rate. Cytological and molecular cytological investigations revealed two extra chromosomes, which were the shortest in somatic cells of the variant. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using a rice centromere specific DNA (RCS2) and a DNA sequence specific for chromosome 9 on premetaphase and pachytene chromosomes showed that these two chromosomes were the short arms of chromosome 9. That is to say, the variant was a telotetrasomic of chromosome 9. Among the 25 pachytene cells, the two telosomic chromosomes paired each other to form a bivalent and didn’t pair with other normal chromosome 9 as multivalents in 96% cells. However, the bivalent was easy to disassociate in advance.展开更多
不依赖于纯培养的分子生物技术已广泛应用于环境微生物的研究.综述了近年来在荧光原位杂交技术(Fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)和聚合酶链式反应技术(Polymerasechainreaction,PCR)基础上发展起来的几种新分子生物技术的基本...不依赖于纯培养的分子生物技术已广泛应用于环境微生物的研究.综述了近年来在荧光原位杂交技术(Fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)和聚合酶链式反应技术(Polymerasechainreaction,PCR)基础上发展起来的几种新分子生物技术的基本原理,包括FISH-MAR、FISH-microelectrodes、Clone-FISH、SIP、PCR-DGGE-cloning-sequencing、PCR-T-RFLP、Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR和RT-PCR,以及其在污水生物处理系统内硝化菌群研究领域中的应用现状.通过这些分子生物技术,可以识别污水生物处理系统内的硝化菌群;建立硝化菌群动态变化与工艺运行参数之间的相关关系;从微生物学角度对系统运行状态给予最直接、最可靠的分析与证明,为污水生物处理系统的长期稳定运行奠定理论基础.最后对该领域的未来发展进行了展望.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30500317 and No. 30170567).
文摘Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) is a powerful tool to characterize parental chromosomes in interspecific hybrids, including the behaviour of autosynapsis and chromosome pairing. It was used to distinguish the chromosomes of Oryza sativa from wild species in a spontaneous interspecific hybrid and to investigate the chromosome pairing at metaphase I in meiosis of the hybrid in this study. The hybrid was a triploid with 36 chromosomes according to the chromosome number investigated in mitosis of root tips. During metaphase I of meiosis in the hybrid, less chromosome pairing was observed and most of the chromosomes existed as univalent. Based on GISH and FISH (Fluorescent in situ hybridization) analyses, the chromosomes of the hybrid were composed of genomes A, B and C. Thus, it was believed that the hybrid was the result of natural hybridization between cultivated rice and wild species O. minuta which was planted in experimental fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30600345, No. 30770131 and No. 30771210).
文摘From the progenies of a telotrisomic of chromosome 9 short arm of an indica rice variety, Zhongxian 3037, a phenotypical variant was selected. The variant plant had rolled leaves, dispersed plant type, as well as a low seed-setting rate. Cytological and molecular cytological investigations revealed two extra chromosomes, which were the shortest in somatic cells of the variant. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using a rice centromere specific DNA (RCS2) and a DNA sequence specific for chromosome 9 on premetaphase and pachytene chromosomes showed that these two chromosomes were the short arms of chromosome 9. That is to say, the variant was a telotetrasomic of chromosome 9. Among the 25 pachytene cells, the two telosomic chromosomes paired each other to form a bivalent and didn’t pair with other normal chromosome 9 as multivalents in 96% cells. However, the bivalent was easy to disassociate in advance.
