Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An i...Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An in vitro combination test was performed against Babesia bovis and Theileria equi.Moreover,the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate in combination with diminazene aceturate was investigated against the growth of Babesia microti in mice using a fluorescence inhibitory assay.Results:Pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate exhibited nearly similar molecular weights.The in vitro combination of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate was synergistic on Babesia bovis and additive on Theileria equi.In addition,5 mg/kg pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with 10 mg/kg diminazene aceturate inhibited Babesia microti growth significantly compared with those observed after treatment with 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate alone from day 6 post treatment to day 12 post treatment.The combination therapy also normalized the hematological parameters of infected mice.Conclusions:An oral dose of pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with a subcutaneous dose of diminazene aceturate inhibits Babesia in vitro and in mice,suggesting it might be a new paradigm for the treatment of babesiosis.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effect of Trypanosoma brucei(T.brucei)on blood sugar level of infected rats.Methods:The experiment was done with 42 albino rats grouped into 3 groups of 14 members each.Group A was uninfecte...Objective:To determine the effect of Trypanosoma brucei(T.brucei)on blood sugar level of infected rats.Methods:The experiment was done with 42 albino rats grouped into 3 groups of 14 members each.Group A was uninfected(control group),Group B was infected with T.brucei and treated with diminazene aceturate,and Group C was infected with T.brucei and treated with imidocarb dipropionate.Blood samples were collected from the media canthus of the experimental rats on Days 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 for the assessment of change in blood sugar levels.The blood sugar levels were determined with a glucometer(Accu-chek active serial No.GN:10023338).Results:By 4 to 5 days post infection,there was a significant increase(P<0.05)in the blood sugar of Group B and Group C.By Day 6 post infection(Day 2 post treatment),no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in the groups when compared with the control group till Day 12 of the experiment.Conclusions:T.brucei caused a significant increase in blood sugar of infected rats.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effect of Ancylostoma caninum(A.caninum)and trypanosome parasites on the immune response to vaccination in dogs in endemic environments.Methods:Sixteen dogs for the experiment were grouped i...Objective:To determine the effect of Ancylostoma caninum(A.caninum)and trypanosome parasites on the immune response to vaccination in dogs in endemic environments.Methods:Sixteen dogs for the experiment were grouped into 4 of 4 members each.Group I was the uninfected control one,and GPII was infected with A.caninum;GPIII was infected with A.caninum/Trypanosoma congolense(T.congolense),and GPIV was infected with Trypanosoma brucei(T.brucei)/A.caninum.The dogs were first vaccinated with antirabies vaccine before infecting GPII,GPIII and GPIV with A.caninum which were done 4 weeks after vaccination.By 2-week post-vaccination,trypanosome parasites were superimposed on both GPIII and GPIV.A secondary vaccination was given to GPI,GPII,GPIII,and GPIV by Week 12 of the experiment(4 weeks post treatment).Results:The prepatent period was(3.00±1.40)days,in the conjunct infection of T.brucei/A.caninum.It was(9.00±1.10)days,in conjunct T.congolense/A.caninum.The prepatent period of A.caninum was(14.0±2.0)days in the single A.caninum group and(13.0±1.0)days in the conjunct trypanosome/A.caninum.At the 1st week after vaccination,the antibody titer in all the vaccinated groups(GPI,GPII,GPIII,and GPIV)significantly increased(P<0.05)and peaked at the 3rd week after vaccination.Following infections,there were marked significant decreases(P<0.05)in the antibody production against rabies in GPII,GPIII and GPIV.The significant decrease(P<0.05)in antibody titer was highest in the conjunct groups(GPIII and GPIV)compared to the single infection(GPII).Treatment with diminazene aceturate and mebendazole did not significantly improve antibody response in the dogs.A secondary vaccination administered at the 12th week after the primary vaccination significantly increased(P<0.05)the antibody titer with a peak at the 3rd week after the secondary vaccination.Conclusions:It was therefore concluded that A.caninum,T.brucei and T.congolense induced immunosuppression in antirabies vaccination in dogs.展开更多
基金supported by Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia through the project number:ISP23-73.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An in vitro combination test was performed against Babesia bovis and Theileria equi.Moreover,the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate in combination with diminazene aceturate was investigated against the growth of Babesia microti in mice using a fluorescence inhibitory assay.Results:Pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate exhibited nearly similar molecular weights.The in vitro combination of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate was synergistic on Babesia bovis and additive on Theileria equi.In addition,5 mg/kg pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with 10 mg/kg diminazene aceturate inhibited Babesia microti growth significantly compared with those observed after treatment with 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate alone from day 6 post treatment to day 12 post treatment.The combination therapy also normalized the hematological parameters of infected mice.Conclusions:An oral dose of pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with a subcutaneous dose of diminazene aceturate inhibits Babesia in vitro and in mice,suggesting it might be a new paradigm for the treatment of babesiosis.
文摘Objective:To determine the effect of Trypanosoma brucei(T.brucei)on blood sugar level of infected rats.Methods:The experiment was done with 42 albino rats grouped into 3 groups of 14 members each.Group A was uninfected(control group),Group B was infected with T.brucei and treated with diminazene aceturate,and Group C was infected with T.brucei and treated with imidocarb dipropionate.Blood samples were collected from the media canthus of the experimental rats on Days 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 for the assessment of change in blood sugar levels.The blood sugar levels were determined with a glucometer(Accu-chek active serial No.GN:10023338).Results:By 4 to 5 days post infection,there was a significant increase(P<0.05)in the blood sugar of Group B and Group C.By Day 6 post infection(Day 2 post treatment),no significant difference(P>0.05)was observed in the groups when compared with the control group till Day 12 of the experiment.Conclusions:T.brucei caused a significant increase in blood sugar of infected rats.
基金Supported by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund(TETFUND)(Grant No.MOUAU/ETF/DO/40/VOL.1/59).
文摘Objective:To determine the effect of Ancylostoma caninum(A.caninum)and trypanosome parasites on the immune response to vaccination in dogs in endemic environments.Methods:Sixteen dogs for the experiment were grouped into 4 of 4 members each.Group I was the uninfected control one,and GPII was infected with A.caninum;GPIII was infected with A.caninum/Trypanosoma congolense(T.congolense),and GPIV was infected with Trypanosoma brucei(T.brucei)/A.caninum.The dogs were first vaccinated with antirabies vaccine before infecting GPII,GPIII and GPIV with A.caninum which were done 4 weeks after vaccination.By 2-week post-vaccination,trypanosome parasites were superimposed on both GPIII and GPIV.A secondary vaccination was given to GPI,GPII,GPIII,and GPIV by Week 12 of the experiment(4 weeks post treatment).Results:The prepatent period was(3.00±1.40)days,in the conjunct infection of T.brucei/A.caninum.It was(9.00±1.10)days,in conjunct T.congolense/A.caninum.The prepatent period of A.caninum was(14.0±2.0)days in the single A.caninum group and(13.0±1.0)days in the conjunct trypanosome/A.caninum.At the 1st week after vaccination,the antibody titer in all the vaccinated groups(GPI,GPII,GPIII,and GPIV)significantly increased(P<0.05)and peaked at the 3rd week after vaccination.Following infections,there were marked significant decreases(P<0.05)in the antibody production against rabies in GPII,GPIII and GPIV.The significant decrease(P<0.05)in antibody titer was highest in the conjunct groups(GPIII and GPIV)compared to the single infection(GPII).Treatment with diminazene aceturate and mebendazole did not significantly improve antibody response in the dogs.A secondary vaccination administered at the 12th week after the primary vaccination significantly increased(P<0.05)the antibody titer with a peak at the 3rd week after the secondary vaccination.Conclusions:It was therefore concluded that A.caninum,T.brucei and T.congolense induced immunosuppression in antirabies vaccination in dogs.
