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Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking Strategies Under Quantized Communication 被引量:2
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作者 Maojiao Ye Qing-Long Han +2 位作者 Lei Ding Shengyuan Xu Guobiao Jia 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期103-112,共10页
This paper is concerned with distributed Nash equi librium seeking strategies under quantized communication. In the proposed seeking strategy, a projection operator is synthesized with a gradient search method to achi... This paper is concerned with distributed Nash equi librium seeking strategies under quantized communication. In the proposed seeking strategy, a projection operator is synthesized with a gradient search method to achieve the optimization o players' objective functions while restricting their actions within required non-empty, convex and compact domains. In addition, a leader-following consensus protocol, in which quantized informa tion flows are utilized, is employed for information sharing among players. More specifically, logarithmic quantizers and uniform quantizers are investigated under both undirected and connected communication graphs and strongly connected digraphs, respec tively. Through Lyapunov stability analysis, it is shown that play ers' actions can be steered to a neighborhood of the Nash equilib rium with logarithmic and uniform quantizers, and the quanti fied convergence error depends on the parameter of the quan tizer for both undirected and directed cases. A numerical exam ple is given to verify the theoretical results. 展开更多
关键词 CONSENSUS distributed Nash equilibrium seeking projected gradient play quantized communication
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FPGA-based position reconstruction method for neutron beam flux spatial distribution measurement in BNCT 被引量:1
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作者 Wei Jiang Ping Cao +5 位作者 Yi-Ming Wu Xian-Ke Liu Zhu-Jun Fang Zhi-Yong Zhang Bin Shi Jun Chen 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期96-108,共13页
A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector.To address the issue of long process... A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector.To address the issue of long processing times in traditional offline position reconstruction methods,this paper proposes a field programmable gate array based online position reconstruction method utilizing the micro-time projection chamber principle.This method encapsulates key technical aspects:a self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of the delay chain length,fast sorting,a coordinate-matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory(RAM)addresses,and a precise start point-merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM.The performance test of the selfadaptive serial link shows that the bit error rate of the link is better than 10-12 at a confidence level of 99%,ensuring reliable data transmission.The experiment utilizing the readout electronics and Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm,surpassing the current method’s resolution level of 5 mm.The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beams online,thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method.The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods,such as bubble sorting and traversal searching,simplifies the design of the logic firmware,and reduces the time complexity from O(n2)to O(n).This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT. 展开更多
关键词 Position reconstruction FPGA Readout electronics Neutron flux spatial distribution
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Federated Learning Model for Auto Insurance Rate Setting Based on Tweedie Distribution 被引量:1
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作者 Tao Yin Changgen Peng +2 位作者 Weijie Tan Dequan Xu Hanlin Tang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第1期827-843,共17页
In the assessment of car insurance claims,the claim rate for car insurance presents a highly skewed probability distribution,which is typically modeled using Tweedie distribution.The traditional approach to obtaining ... In the assessment of car insurance claims,the claim rate for car insurance presents a highly skewed probability distribution,which is typically modeled using Tweedie distribution.The traditional approach to obtaining the Tweedie regression model involves training on a centralized dataset,when the data is provided by multiple parties,training a privacy-preserving Tweedie regression model without exchanging raw data becomes a challenge.To address this issue,this study introduces a novel vertical federated learning-based Tweedie regression algorithm for multi-party auto insurance rate setting in data silos.The algorithm can keep sensitive data locally and uses privacy-preserving techniques to achieve intersection operations between the two parties holding the data.After determining which entities are shared,the participants train the model locally using the shared entity data to obtain the local generalized linear model intermediate parameters.The homomorphic encryption algorithms are introduced to interact with and update the model intermediate parameters to collaboratively complete the joint training of the car insurance rate-setting model.Performance tests on two publicly available datasets show that the proposed federated Tweedie regression algorithm can effectively generate Tweedie regression models that leverage the value of data fromboth partieswithout exchanging data.The assessment results of the scheme approach those of the Tweedie regressionmodel learned fromcentralized data,and outperformthe Tweedie regressionmodel learned independently by a single party. 展开更多
关键词 Rate setting Tweedie distribution generalized linear models federated learning homomorphic encryption
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Synergetic optimization operation method for distribution network based on SOP and PV 被引量:1
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作者 Lei Chen Ning Zhang +4 位作者 Xingfang Yang Wei Pei Zhenxing Zhao Yinan Zhu Hao Xiao 《Global Energy Interconnection》 EI CSCD 2024年第2期130-141,共12页
The integration of distributed generation brings in new challenges for the operation of distribution networks,including out-of-limit voltage and power flow control.Soft open points(SOP)are new power electronic devices... The integration of distributed generation brings in new challenges for the operation of distribution networks,including out-of-limit voltage and power flow control.Soft open points(SOP)are new power electronic devices that can flexibly control active and reactive power flows.With the exception of active power output,photovoltaic(PV)devices can provide reactive power compensation through an inverter.Thus,a synergetic optimization operation method for SOP and PV in a distribution network is proposed.A synergetic optimization model was developed.The voltage deviation,network loss,and ratio of photovoltaic abandonment were selected as the objective functions.The PV model was improved by considering the three reactive power output modes of the PV inverter.Both the load fluctuation and loss of the SOP were considered.Three multi-objective optimization algorithms were used,and a compromise optimal solution was calculated.Case studies were conducted using an IEEE 33-node system.The simulation results indicated that the SOP and PVs complemented each other in terms of active power transmission and reactive power compensation.Synergetic optimization improves power control capability and flexibility,providing better power quality and PV consumption rate. 展开更多
关键词 Synergetic optimization Soft open point(SOP) Photovoltaic(PV) distribution network
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Coseismic deformation and fault slip distribution of the 2023 M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.6 earthquakes in Türkiye 被引量:1
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作者 Weikang Li Lijiang Zhao +4 位作者 Kai Tan Xiaofei Lu Caihong Zhang Chengtao Li Shuaishuai Han 《Earthquake Science》 2024年第3期263-276,共14页
On February 6,2023,a devastating earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.8 struck the town of Pazarcik in south-central Türkiye,followed by another powerful earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.6 tha... On February 6,2023,a devastating earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.8 struck the town of Pazarcik in south-central Türkiye,followed by another powerful earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.6 that struck the nearby city of Elbistan 9 h later.To study the characteristics of surface deformation caused by this event and the influence of fault rupture,this study calculated the static coseismic deformation of 56 stations and dynamic displacement waveforms of 15 stations using data from the Turkish national fixed global navigation satellite system(GNSS)network.A maximum static coseismic displacement of 0.38 m for the M_(W)7.8 Kahramanmaras earthquake was observed at station ANTE,36 km from the epicenter,and a maximum dynamic coseismic displacement of 4.4 m for the M_(W)7.6 Elbistan earthquake was observed at station EKZ1,5 km from the epicenter.The rupture-slip distributions of the two earthquakes were inverted using GNSS coseismic deformation as a constraint.The results showed that the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture segment was distinct and exposed on the ground,resulting in significant rupture slip along the Amanos and Pazarcik fault segments of the East Anatolian Fault.The maximum slip in the Pazarcik fault segment was 10.7 m,and rupture occurred at depths of 0–15 km.In the Cardak fault region,the Elbistan earthquake caused significant ruptures at depths of 0–12 km,with the largest amount of slip reaching 11.6 m.The Coulomb stress change caused by the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture along the Cardak fault segment was approximately 2 bars,and the area of increased Coulomb stress corresponded to the subsequent rupture region of the M_(W)7.6 earthquake.Thus,it is likely that the M_(W)7.8 earthquake triggered or promoted the M_(W)7.6 earthquake.Based on the cumulative stress impact of the M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.6 events,the southwestern segment of the East Anatolian Fault,specifically the Amanos fault segment,experienced a Coulomb rupture stress change exceeding 2 bars,warranting further attention to assess its future seismic hazard risk. 展开更多
关键词 2023 Türkiye earthquake GNSS observation coseismic deformation field slip distribution
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Integrative biogeography: Validating hypotheses of species distribution 被引量:1
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作者 Zhong-E Hou Shu-Qiang Li 《Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation)》 2024年第1期86-88,共3页
DEAR EDITOR,Biogeography is a scientific field dedicated to the investigation of the origins and distribution patterns of organisms,as well as predicting future alterations in their geographical distributions(Cox&... DEAR EDITOR,Biogeography is a scientific field dedicated to the investigation of the origins and distribution patterns of organisms,as well as predicting future alterations in their geographical distributions(Cox&Moore,2005).However,the majority of conclusions drawn within the field of biogeography are hypothetical.Rigorous testing of these biogeographic hypotheses remains a considerable challenge.This paper presents the concept of“integrative biogeography”,which emphasizes the experimental testing of biogeographic hypotheses through studies on geological history,as well as biotic and abiotic factors(Figure 1). 展开更多
关键词 BIOGEOGRAPHY distributION DATING
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Extended wet sieving method for determination of complete particle size distribution of general soils 被引量:1
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作者 Shengnan Ma Yi Song +2 位作者 Jiawei Liu Xingyu Kang Zhongqi Quentin Yue 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期242-257,共16页
The traditional standard wet sieving method uses steel sieves with aperture?0.063 mm and can only determine the particle size distribution(PSD)of gravel and sand in general soil.This paper extends the traditional meth... The traditional standard wet sieving method uses steel sieves with aperture?0.063 mm and can only determine the particle size distribution(PSD)of gravel and sand in general soil.This paper extends the traditional method and presents an extended wet sieving method.The extended method uses both the steel sieves and the nylon filter cloth sieves.The apertures of the cloth sieves are smaller than 0.063 mm and equal 0.048 mm,0.038 mm,0.014 mm,0.012 mm,0.0063 mm,0.004 mm,0.003 mm,0.002 mm,and 0.001 mm,respectively.The extended method uses five steps to separate the general soil into many material sub-groups of gravel,sand,silt and clay with known particle size ranges.The complete PSD of the general soil is then calculated from the dry masses of the individual material sub-groups.The extended method is demonstrated with a general soil of completely decomposed granite(CDG)in Hong Kong,China.The silt and clay materials with different particle size ranges are further examined,checked and verified using stereomicroscopic observation,physical and chemical property tests.The results further confirm the correctness of the extended wet sieving method. 展开更多
关键词 Particle size distribution(PSD) General soil SILT CLAY Wet sieving Physical and chemical properties
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Monitoring Surface Deformation Using Distributed Scatterers InSAR 被引量:1
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作者 LI Haocheng DONG Jie +1 位作者 WANG Yi’an LIAO Mingsheng 《Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science》 CSCD 2024年第1期42-58,共17页
In the past two decades,extensive and in-depth research has been conducted on Time Series InSAR technology with the advancement of high-performance SAR satellites and the accumulation of big SAR data.The introduction ... In the past two decades,extensive and in-depth research has been conducted on Time Series InSAR technology with the advancement of high-performance SAR satellites and the accumulation of big SAR data.The introduction of distributed scatterers in Distributed Scatterers InSAR(DS-InSAR)has significantly expanded the application scenarios of InSAR geodetic measurement by increasing the number of measurement points.This study traces the history of DS-InSAR,presents the definition and characteristics of distributed scatterers,and focuses on exploring the relationships and distinctions among proposed algorithms in two crucial steps:statistically homogeneous pixel selection and phase optimization.Additionally,the latest research progress in this field is tracked and the possible development direction in the future is discussed.Through simulation experiments and two real InSAR case studies,the proposed algorithms are compared and verified,and the advantages of DS-InSAR in deformation measurement practice are demonstrated.This work not only offers insights into current trends and focal points for theoretical research on DS-InSAR but also provides practical cases and guidance for applied research. 展开更多
关键词 INSAR permanent scatterers distributed scatterers statistically homogeneous pixel selection phase optimization
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Hydrocarbon accumulation and orderly distribution of whole petroleum system in marine carbonate rocks of Sichuan Basin,SW China 被引量:1
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作者 GUO Xusheng HUANG Renchun +3 位作者 ZHANG Dianwei LI Shuangjian SHEN Baojian LIU Tianjia 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2024年第4期852-869,共18页
Based on the situation and progress of marine oil/gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the whole petroleum system is divided for marine carbonate rocks of the basin according to the combinations of hydrocarbo... Based on the situation and progress of marine oil/gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the whole petroleum system is divided for marine carbonate rocks of the basin according to the combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements,especially the source rock.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of each whole petroleum system are analyzed,the patterns of integrated conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation are summarized,and the favorable exploration targets are proposed.Under the control of multiple extensional-convergent tectonic cycles,the marine carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin contain three sets of regional source rocks and three sets of regional cap rocks,and can be divided into the Cambrian,Silurian and Permian whole petroleum systems.These whole petroleum systems present mainly independent hydrocarbon accumulation,containing natural gas of affinity individually.Locally,large fault zones run through multiple whole petroleum systems,forming a fault-controlled complex whole petroleum system.The hydrocarbon accumulation sequence of continental shelf facies shale gas accumulation,marginal platform facies-controlled gas reservoirs,and intra-platform fault-and facies-controlled gas reservoirs is common in the whole petroleum system,with a stereoscopic accumulation and orderly distribution pattern.High-quality source rock is fundamental to the formation of large gas fields,and natural gas in a whole petroleum system is generally enriched near and within the source rocks.The development and maintenance of large-scale reservoirs are essential for natural gas enrichment,multiple sources,oil and gas transformation,and dynamic adjustment are the characteristics of marine petroleum accumulation,and good preservation conditions are critical to natural gas accumulation.Large-scale marginal-platform reef-bank facies zones,deep shale gas,and large-scale lithological complexes related to source-connected faults are future marine hydrocarbon exploration targets in the Sichuan Basin. 展开更多
关键词 Sichuan Basin margin oil/gas whole petroleum system carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation hydrocarbon distribution law hydrocarbon exploration target
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Influence of Topography on the Distribution and Structure of Woody Plants in the Senegalese Sahel (Sandy Ferlo)
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作者 Moustapha Bassimbe Sagna Aïssatou Ndong Thiam +5 位作者 Khoudia Niang Oumar Sarr Aly Diallo Sekouna Diatta Daouda Ngom Aliou Guissé 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 CAS 2024年第1期14-28,共15页
This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considerin... This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference. 展开更多
关键词 Woody Plants distributION TOPOGRAPHY Ferlo Senegal
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Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease 被引量:1
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作者 Bo Li Yujie Chen +10 位作者 Yan Zhou Xuanran Feng Guojun Gu Shuang Han Nianhao Cheng Yawen Sun Yiming Zhang Jiahui Cheng Qi Zhang Wei Zhang Jianhui Liu 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第7期1593-1601,共9页
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheime... Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis. 展开更多
关键词 Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial biogenesis neural stem cell-derived exosome SIRT1-PGC1α regional brain distribution whole brain clearing and imaging
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Diversity of Orchids in Terms of Their Distribution, Uses and Conservation in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal
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作者 Babu Lal Tiruwa Basu Dev Neupane +2 位作者 Rabin Kadariya Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral Bijaya Pant 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 CAS 2024年第6期422-440,共19页
The Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in Nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enou... The Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in Nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enough yet thus making the need for ambitious research to be carried out. Previous study only included 81 species of orchids within ACA. This study aims to update the record of species and genera richness in the ACA. In total 198 species of orchids, belonging to 67 genera (40% and 62% of the total recorded orchid species and genera in Nepal) has been recorded in ACA. This represents an increase of 144% in species and 56% in genera over the previous data. Out of the 198 species, 99 were epiphytes, 6 were holomycotrophic and 93 were terrestrial. Among the 67 genera, Bulbophyllum (17) species were dominant, followed by Dendrobium (16), Herminium (10), Coelogyne, Plantanthera (9 each), Eria, Habenaria, Oberonia (8 each), Calanthe (7), and Liparis (6). Fifty-six species were found to be ornamentally significant and 85 species medicinally significant. 展开更多
关键词 ORCHIDS Annapurna Conservation Area DIVERSITY distributION USES
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Boosting Adversarial Training with Learnable Distribution
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作者 Kai Chen Jinwei Wang +2 位作者 James Msughter Adeke Guangjie Liu Yuewei Dai 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期3247-3265,共19页
In recent years,various adversarial defense methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of deep neural networks.Adversarial training is one of the most potent methods to defend against adversarial attacks.How... In recent years,various adversarial defense methods have been proposed to improve the robustness of deep neural networks.Adversarial training is one of the most potent methods to defend against adversarial attacks.However,the difference in the feature space between natural and adversarial examples hinders the accuracy and robustness of the model in adversarial training.This paper proposes a learnable distribution adversarial training method,aiming to construct the same distribution for training data utilizing the Gaussian mixture model.The distribution centroid is built to classify samples and constrain the distribution of the sample features.The natural and adversarial examples are pushed to the same distribution centroid to improve the accuracy and robustness of the model.The proposed method generates adversarial examples to close the distribution gap between the natural and adversarial examples through an attack algorithm explicitly designed for adversarial training.This algorithm gradually increases the accuracy and robustness of the model by scaling perturbation.Finally,the proposed method outputs the predicted labels and the distance between the sample and the distribution centroid.The distribution characteristics of the samples can be utilized to detect adversarial cases that can potentially evade the model defense.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through comprehensive experiments. 展开更多
关键词 Adversarial training feature space learnable distribution distribution centroid
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Adaptive Update Distribution Estimation under Probability Byzantine Attack
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作者 Gang Long Zhaoxin Zhang 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2024年第10期1667-1685,共19页
The secure and normal operation of distributed networks is crucial for accurate parameter estimation.However,distributed networks are frequently susceptible to Byzantine attacks.Considering real-life scenarios,this pa... The secure and normal operation of distributed networks is crucial for accurate parameter estimation.However,distributed networks are frequently susceptible to Byzantine attacks.Considering real-life scenarios,this paper investigates a probability Byzantine(PB)attack,utilizing a Bernoulli distribution to simulate the attack probability.Historically,additional detection mechanisms are used to mitigate such attacks,leading to increased energy consumption and burdens on distributed nodes,consequently diminishing operational efficiency.Differing from these approaches,an adaptive updating distributed estimation algorithm is proposed to mitigate the impact of PB attacks.In the proposed algorithm,a penalty strategy is initially incorporated during data updates to weaken the influence of the attack.Subsequently,an adaptive fusion weight is employed during data fusion to merge the estimations.Additionally,the reason why this penalty term weakens the attack has been analyzed,and the performance of the proposed algorithm is validated through simulation experiments. 展开更多
关键词 distribution estimation network security least-mean-square binomial distribution probability Byzantine attack
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Autonomous Vehicle Platoons In Urban Road Networks:A Joint Distributed Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control Approach
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作者 Luigi D’Alfonso Francesco Giannini +3 位作者 Giuseppe Franzè Giuseppe Fedele Francesco Pupo Giancarlo Fortino 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期141-156,共16页
In this paper, platoons of autonomous vehicles operating in urban road networks are considered. From a methodological point of view, the problem of interest consists of formally characterizing vehicle state trajectory... In this paper, platoons of autonomous vehicles operating in urban road networks are considered. From a methodological point of view, the problem of interest consists of formally characterizing vehicle state trajectory tubes by means of routing decisions complying with traffic congestion criteria. To this end, a novel distributed control architecture is conceived by taking advantage of two methodologies: deep reinforcement learning and model predictive control. On one hand, the routing decisions are obtained by using a distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that exploits available traffic data at each road junction. On the other hand, a bank of model predictive controllers is in charge of computing the more adequate control action for each involved vehicle. Such tasks are here combined into a single framework:the deep reinforcement learning output(action) is translated into a set-point to be tracked by the model predictive controller;conversely, the current vehicle position, resulting from the application of the control move, is exploited by the deep reinforcement learning unit for improving its reliability. The main novelty of the proposed solution lies in its hybrid nature: on one hand it fully exploits deep reinforcement learning capabilities for decisionmaking purposes;on the other hand, time-varying hard constraints are always satisfied during the dynamical platoon evolution imposed by the computed routing decisions. To efficiently evaluate the performance of the proposed control architecture, a co-design procedure, involving the SUMO and MATLAB platforms, is implemented so that complex operating environments can be used, and the information coming from road maps(links,junctions, obstacles, semaphores, etc.) and vehicle state trajectories can be shared and exchanged. Finally by considering as operating scenario a real entire city block and a platoon of eleven vehicles described by double-integrator models, several simulations have been performed with the aim to put in light the main f eatures of the proposed approach. Moreover, it is important to underline that in different operating scenarios the proposed reinforcement learning scheme is capable of significantly reducing traffic congestion phenomena when compared with well-reputed competitors. 展开更多
关键词 distributed model predictive control distributed reinforcement learning routing decisions urban road networks
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A Novel Defender-Attacker-Defender Model for Resilient Distributed Generator Planning with Network Reconfiguration and Demand Response
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作者 Wenlu Ji Teng Tu Nan Ma 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2024年第5期1223-1243,共21页
To improve the resilience of a distribution system against extreme weather,a fuel-based distributed generator(DG)allocation model is proposed in this study.In this model,the DGs are placed at the planning stage.When a... To improve the resilience of a distribution system against extreme weather,a fuel-based distributed generator(DG)allocation model is proposed in this study.In this model,the DGs are placed at the planning stage.When an extreme event occurs,the controllable generators form temporary microgrids(MGs)to restore the load maximally.Simultaneously,a demand response program(DRP)mitigates the imbalance between the power supply and demand during extreme events.To cope with the fault uncertainty,a robust optimization(RO)method is applied to reduce the long-term investment and short-term operation costs.The optimization is formulated as a tri-level defenderattacker-defender(DAD)framework.At the first level,decision-makers work out the DG allocation scheme;at the second level,the attacker finds the optimal attack strategy with maximum damage;and at the third level,restoration measures,namely distribution network reconfiguration(DNR)and demand response are performed.The problem is solved by the nested column and constraint generation(NC&CG)method and the model is validated using an IEEE 33-node system.Case studies validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model according to the enhanced resilience and reduced cost. 展开更多
关键词 distribution system RESILIENCE defender-attacker-defender distributed generator demand response microgrids formation
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Distributed fiber optic sensors for tunnel monitoring:A state-of-the-art review
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作者 Xuehui Zhang Honghu Zhu +1 位作者 Xi Jiang Wout Broere 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第9期3841-3863,共23页
Distributed fiber optic sensors(DFOSs)possess the capability to measure strain and temperature variations over long distances,demonstrating outstanding potential for monitoring underground infrastructure.This study pr... Distributed fiber optic sensors(DFOSs)possess the capability to measure strain and temperature variations over long distances,demonstrating outstanding potential for monitoring underground infrastructure.This study presents a state-of-the-art review of the DFOS applications for monitoring and assessing the deformation behavior of typical tunnel infrastructure,including bored tunnels,conventional tunnels,as well as immersed and cut-and-cover tunnels.DFOS systems based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering principles are both considered.When implementing DFOS monitoring,the fiber optic cable can be primarily installed along transverse and longitudinal directions to(1)measure distributed strains by continuously adhering the fiber to the structure’s surface or embedding it in the lining,or(2)measure point displacements by spot-anchoring it on the lining surface.There are four critical aspects of DFOS monitoring,including proper selection of the sensing fiber,selection of the measuring principle for the specific application,design of an effective sensor layout,and establishment of robust field sensor instrumentation.These four issues are comprehensively discussed,and practical suggestions are provided for the implementation of DFOS in tunnel infrastructure monitoring. 展开更多
关键词 distributed fiber optic sensor(DFOS) Tunnel infrastructure distributed strain sensing Point displacement monitoring Field instrumentation
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Simulation of Haloxylon Ammodendron Stand Basic Diameter Structure Based on Fuzzy Distribution Function
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作者 Shaohua Wang Chuanqiang Liu Ting Yang 《Agricultural Sciences》 2024年第1期132-145,共14页
Based on the investigation data of 12 Haloxylon ammodendron plots in the south edge of Gurbantunggut Desert, Fuzzy distribution was introduced into the study of Haloxylon ammodendron base diameter structure fitting ac... Based on the investigation data of 12 Haloxylon ammodendron plots in the south edge of Gurbantunggut Desert, Fuzzy distribution was introduced into the study of Haloxylon ammodendron base diameter structure fitting according to the consistency between the characteristics of Fuzzy distribution function and the distribution series of cumulative percentage of stand base diameter, and the fitting precision and effect of Fuzzy distribution function were discussed. The root mean square error RMSE and determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> values showed that Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>3</sub>, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>4</sub> had good fitting performance, among which Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub> had relatively high fitting precision, and its parameters were closely related to stand age and density, Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub> distribution function was the second, and Fuzzy-Γ<sub>4</sub> distribution function had the worst fitting effect. By introducing a parameter c from the similarity of four distribution function formulas, a generalized Fuzzy distribution function Fuzzy-Γ<sub>5</sub> is obtained. This function shows the highest fitting accuracy. Most of the values of parameter c are near 1 or 2, which shows that the diameter distribution is mainly approximate to Fuzzy-Γ<sub>1</sub> and Fuzzy-Γ<sub>2</sub>. 展开更多
关键词 Fuzzy distribution Function Haloxylon Ammodendron Base Diameter distribution Stand Factor
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GRU-integrated constrained soft actor-critic learning enabled fully distributed scheduling strategy for residential virtual power plant
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作者 Xiaoyun Deng Yongdong Chen +2 位作者 Dongchuan Fan Youbo Liu Chao Ma 《Global Energy Interconnection》 EI CSCD 2024年第2期117-129,共13页
In this study,a novel residential virtual power plant(RVPP)scheduling method that leverages a gate recurrent unit(GRU)-integrated deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm is proposed.In the proposed scheme,the GRU-in... In this study,a novel residential virtual power plant(RVPP)scheduling method that leverages a gate recurrent unit(GRU)-integrated deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm is proposed.In the proposed scheme,the GRU-integrated DRL algorithm guides the RVPP to participate effectively in both the day-ahead and real-time markets,lowering the electricity purchase costs and consumption risks for end-users.The Lagrangian relaxation technique is introduced to transform the constrained Markov decision process(CMDP)into an unconstrained optimization problem,which guarantees that the constraints are strictly satisfied without determining the penalty coefficients.Furthermore,to enhance the scalability of the constrained soft actor-critic(CSAC)-based RVPP scheduling approach,a fully distributed scheduling architecture was designed to enable plug-and-play in the residential distributed energy resources(RDER).Case studies performed on the constructed RVPP scenario validated the performance of the proposed methodology in enhancing the responsiveness of the RDER to power tariffs,balancing the supply and demand of the power grid,and ensuring customer comfort. 展开更多
关键词 Residential virtual power plant Residential distributed energy resource Constrained soft actor-critic Fully distributed scheduling strategy
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Approximating the Radial Distribution Function of the Electron in a Hydrogen Atom by a Normal Distribution Suggests That Magnetic Confinement Fusion Would Be Less Energy Efficient than Inertial Confinement Fusion
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作者 Motohisa Osaka 《Applied Mathematics》 2024年第9期585-593,共9页
Since the position of the electron in a hydrogen atom cannot be determined, the region in which it resides is said to be determined stochastically and forms an electron cloud. The probability density function of the s... Since the position of the electron in a hydrogen atom cannot be determined, the region in which it resides is said to be determined stochastically and forms an electron cloud. The probability density function of the single electron in 1s orbit is expressed as φ2, a function of distance from the nucleus. However, the probability of existence of the electron is expressed as a radial distribution function at an arbitrary distance from the nucleus, so it is estimated as the probability of the entire spherical shape of that radius. In this study, it has been found that the electron existence probability approximates the radial distribution function by assuming that the probability of existence of the electron being in the vicinity of the nucleus follows a normal distribution for arbitrary x-, y-, and z-axis directions. This implies that the probability of existence of the electron, which has been known only from the distance information, would follow a normal distribution independently in the three directions. When the electrons’ motion is extremely restricted in a certain direction by the magnetic field of both tokamak and helical fusion reactors, the probability of existence of the electron increases with proximity to the nucleus, and as a result, it is less likely to be liberated from the nucleus. Therefore, more and more energy is required to free the nucleus from the electron in order to generate plasma. 展开更多
关键词 Electron Cloud Radial distribution Function Nuclear Fusion TOKAMAK Laser
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