Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defec...Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defection), which limits the number of strategies a player can choose from.展开更多
We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser pulse.Our particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal...We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser pulse.Our particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 fs.The results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure.For targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression mechanism.According to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent shocks.Furthermore,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion diameter.The results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.展开更多
A series of novel ester-capped carbosilane dendrimers（G0-COOCH3–G2-COOCH3） were designed and successfully synthesized via a hybrid divergent–convergent method through a facile hydrosilylation reaction. The structu...A series of novel ester-capped carbosilane dendrimers（G0-COOCH3–G2-COOCH3） were designed and successfully synthesized via a hybrid divergent–convergent method through a facile hydrosilylation reaction. The structures of these dendrimers were confirmed by FTIR,1H NMR, and HRMS analyses.展开更多
We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave pr...We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave propagation.The ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space systematically to achieve a nearly exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis functions.Unlike most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely on any partition of unity functions.In general,it is necessary to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential convergence.Indeed,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by the ExpMsFEM.The online part depends on the right-hand side locally and can be computed in parallel efficiently.The offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly in multi-query scenarios.展开更多
To solve the finite-time error-tracking problem in mis-sile guidance,this paper presents a unified design approach through error dynamics and free-time convergence theory.The proposed approach is initiated by establis...To solve the finite-time error-tracking problem in mis-sile guidance,this paper presents a unified design approach through error dynamics and free-time convergence theory.The proposed approach is initiated by establishing a desired model for free-time convergent error dynamics,characterized by its independence from initial conditions and guidance parameters,and adjustable convergence time.This foundation facilitates the derivation of specific guidance laws that integrate constraints such as leading angle,impact angle,and impact time.The theoretical framework of this study elucidates the nuances and synergies between the proposed guidance laws and existing methodologies.Empirical evaluations through simulation comparisons underscore the enhanced accuracy and adaptability of the proposed laws.展开更多
The supersonic nozzle is a new apparatus which can be used to condense and separate water and heavy hydrocarbons from natural gas.The swirling separation of natural gas in the convergent-divergent nozzle was numerical...The supersonic nozzle is a new apparatus which can be used to condense and separate water and heavy hydrocarbons from natural gas.The swirling separation of natural gas in the convergent-divergent nozzle was numerically simulated based on a new design which incorporates a central body. Axial distribution of the main parameters of gas flow was investigated,while the basic parameters of gas flow were obtained as functions of radius at the nozzle exit.The effect of the nozzle geometry on the swirling separation was analyzed.The numerical results show that water and heavy hydrocarbons can be condensed and separated from natural gas under the combined effect of the low temperature（-80℃） and the centrifugal field（482,400g,g is the acceleration of gravity）.The gas dynamic parameters are uniformly distributed correspondingly in the radial central region of the channel,for example the distribution range of the static temperature and the centrifugal acceleration are from -80 to -55℃and 220,000g to 500,000g,respectively,which would create good conditions for the cyclone separation of the liquids.However,high gradients of gas dynamic parameters near the channel walls may impair the process of separation.The geometry of the nozzle has a great influence on the separation performance. Increasing the nozzle convergent angle can improve the separation efficiency.The swirling natural gas can be well separated when the divergent angle takes values from 4°to 12°in the convergent-divergent nozzle.展开更多
Although it is well known that cloud cavitation shows unsteady behavior with the growing motion of an attached cavity, the shedding motion of a cloud, the collapsing motion of the cloud shed downstream and a reentrant...Although it is well known that cloud cavitation shows unsteady behavior with the growing motion of an attached cavity, the shedding motion of a cloud, the collapsing motion of the cloud shed downstream and a reentrant motion in flow fields such as on a 2-D hydrofoil and in a convergent- divergent channel with a rectangular cross-section, observations for the periodic behavior of cloud cavitation in a cylindrical nozzle with a convergent-divergent part, which is mainly used in an industrial field, have hardly been conducted. From engineering viewpoints, it is important to elucidate the mechanism of periodic cavitation behavior in a cylindrical nozzle. In this study, a high-speed observation technique with an image analysis technique was applied to the cloud cavitation behavior in the nozzle to make clear the mechanism of unsteady behavior. As a result, it was observed in the nozzle that the periodic behavior occurs in the cloud cavitation and pressure waves form at the collapse of clouds shed downstream. Also, it was found through the image analysis based on the present technique that the pressure wave plays a role as a trigger mechanism to cause a reentrant motion at the downstream end of an attached cavity.展开更多
Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture events.Adaptation to diverse env...Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture events.Adaptation to diverse environments,including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions,has also left selection footprints in breed genomes.Results Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SNP chip,we genotyped four divergently selected breeds:two aboriginal,cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur,one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance,and one meat-type White Cornish.Signals of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods:(1)assessment of runs of homozygosity islands,(2)F_(ST) based population differential analysis,and(3)haplotype differentiation analysis.Genomic regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more breeds.In these regions,we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other studies.Amongst them,SOX5,ME3,ZNF536,WWP1,RIPK2,OSGIN2,DECR1,TPO,PPARGC1A,BDNF,MSTN,and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold adaptation.Epigenetic factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes(e.g.,TPO and BDNF).Conclusion Based on a genome-wide scan,our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken breeds.These include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh environments.Cold tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals,and this warrants further investigation.展开更多
This research paper delves into the connection, between problem-solving and music. It’s a topic that has piqued the interest of scholars in fields, including science and neuroscience. The study explores how music can...This research paper delves into the connection, between problem-solving and music. It’s a topic that has piqued the interest of scholars in fields, including science and neuroscience. The study explores how music can influence our ability to think divergently which is an aspect of creative thinking. It builds upon advancements in methods to investigate the relationship between music and divergent thinking aiming to uncover potential correlations. Doing it offers insights into the interplay between artistic expression and cognitive innovation. This research combines an analysis of existing literature with data collected from a group of participants shedding light on how music impacts our capacity for creative thinking. It demonstrates that music plays a role as a catalyst, for stimulating and enhancing thinking abilities.展开更多
Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant research.During the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a ke...Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant research.During the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a key event,as the loss of seed shattering caused a significant increase in yield.In order to understand the seed shattering process in sorghum,we further studied eight previously identified divergent sorghum germplasm with different shattering degrees.We described their phenotypes in great detail,analyzed the histology of abscission zone,and conducted a gene co-expression analysis.We observed that the abscission layer of the most strong-shattering varieties began to differentiate before the 5-10 cm panicles development stage and was completely formed at flag leaf unfolding.The protective cells on the pedicels were also fully lignified by flowering.Through the weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA),we mined for candidate genes involved in the abscission process at the heading stage.We found that these genes were mainly associated with such biological processes as hormone signal transmission(SORBI_3003G361300,SORBI_3006G216500,SORBI_3009G027800,SORBI_3007G077200),cell wall modification and degradation(SORBI_3002G205500,SORBI_3004G013800,SORBI_3010G022400,SORBI_3003G251800,SORBI_3003G254700,SORBI_3003G410800,SORBI_3009G162700,SORBI_3001G406700,SORBI_3004G042700,SORBI_3004G244600,SORBI_3001G099100),and lignin synthesis(SORBI_3004G220700,SORBI_3004G062500,SORBI_3010G214900,SORBI_3009G181800).Our study has provided candidate genes required for shedding for further study.We believe that function characterization of these genes may provide insight into our understanding of seed shattering process.展开更多
This paper discusses the two-block large-scale nonconvex optimization problem with general linear constraints.Based on the ideas of splitting and sequential quadratic optimization(SQO),a new feasible descent method fo...This paper discusses the two-block large-scale nonconvex optimization problem with general linear constraints.Based on the ideas of splitting and sequential quadratic optimization(SQO),a new feasible descent method for the discussed problem is proposed.First,we consider the problem of quadratic optimal(QO)approximation associated with the current feasible iteration point,and we split the QO into two small-scale QOs which can be solved in parallel.Second,a feasible descent direction for the problem is obtained and a new SQO-type method is proposed,namely,splitting feasible SQO(SF-SQO)method.Moreover,under suitable conditions,we analyse the global convergence,strong convergence and rate of superlinear convergence of the SF-SQO method.Finally,preliminary numerical experiments regarding the economic dispatch of a power system are carried out,and these show that the SF-SQO method is promising.展开更多
China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Recent research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of ce...China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Recent research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of central and south-western China allowed their persistence through the late Neogene climate fluctuations.One of these relict lineages is Dipteronia,an oligotypic tree genus with a fossil record extending to the Paleocene.Here,we investigated the genetic variability,demographic dynamics and diversification patterns of the two currently recognized Dipteronia species(Dipteronia sinensis and D.dyeriana).Molecular data were obtained from 45 populations of Dipteronia by genotyping three cpDNA regions,two single copy nuclear genes and 15 simple sequence repeat loci.The genetic study was combined with niche comparison analyses on the environmental space,ecological niche modeling,and landscape connectivity analysis.We found that the two Dipteronia species have highly diverged both in genetic and ecological terms.Despite the incipient speciation processes that can be observed in D.sinensis,the occurrence of long-term stable refugia and,particularly,a dispersal corridor along Daba Shan-west Qinling,likely ensured its genetic and ecological integrity to date.Our study will not only help us to understand how populations of Dipteronia species responded to the tectonic and climatic changes of the Cenozoic,but also provide insight into how Arcto-Tertiary relict plants in East Asia survived,evolved,and diversified.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the complete convergence and complete moment conver-gence for weighted sums of arrays of rowwise asymptotically negatively associated(ANA)random variables,without assuming identical distri...In this paper,we investigate the complete convergence and complete moment conver-gence for weighted sums of arrays of rowwise asymptotically negatively associated(ANA)random variables,without assuming identical distribution.The obtained results not only extend those of An and Yuan[1]and Shen et al.[2]to the case of ANA random variables,but also partially improve them.展开更多
Band convergence is considered to be a strategy with clear benefits for thermoelectric performance,generally favoring the co-optimization of conductivity and Seebeck coefficients,and the conventional means include ele...Band convergence is considered to be a strategy with clear benefits for thermoelectric performance,generally favoring the co-optimization of conductivity and Seebeck coefficients,and the conventional means include elemental filling to regulate the band.However,the influence of the most electronegative fluorine on the CoSb_(3) band remains unclear.We carry out density-functional-theory calculations and show that the valence band maximum gradually shifts downward with the increase of fluorine filling,lastly the valence band maximum converges to the highly degenerated secondary valence bands in fluorine-filled skutterudites.展开更多
We study equations in divergence form with piecewise Cαcoefficients.The domains contain corners and the discontinuity surfaces are attached to the edges of the corners.We obtain piecewise C^(1,α) estimates across th...We study equations in divergence form with piecewise Cαcoefficients.The domains contain corners and the discontinuity surfaces are attached to the edges of the corners.We obtain piecewise C^(1,α) estimates across the discontinuity surfaces and provide an example to illustrate the issue regarding the regularity at the corners.展开更多
Generative artificial intelligence(AI),as an emerging paradigm in content generation,has demonstrated its great potentials in creating high-fidelity data including images,texts,and videos.Nowadays wireless networks an...Generative artificial intelligence(AI),as an emerging paradigm in content generation,has demonstrated its great potentials in creating high-fidelity data including images,texts,and videos.Nowadays wireless networks and applications have been rapidly evolving from achieving“connected things”to embracing“connected intelligence”.Generative AI has been recognized as a fundamentally innovative technology to drive the advancement of intelligent wireless communications and networks.展开更多
AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergenc...AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.展开更多
A cautious projection BFGS method is proposed for solving nonconvex unconstrained optimization problems.The global convergence of this method as well as a stronger general convergence result can be proven without a gr...A cautious projection BFGS method is proposed for solving nonconvex unconstrained optimization problems.The global convergence of this method as well as a stronger general convergence result can be proven without a gradient Lipschitz continuity assumption,which is more in line with the actual problems than the existing modified BFGS methods and the traditional BFGS method.Under some additional conditions,the method presented has a superlinear convergence rate,which can be regarded as an extension and supplement of BFGS-type methods with the projection technique.Finally,the effectiveness and application prospects of the proposed method are verified by numerical experiments.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the extension of the concave integral from classical crispσ-algebra to fuzzyσ-algebra of fuzzy sets.Firstly,the concept of fuzzy concave integral on a fuzzy set is introduced.Secondly,some ...In this paper,we consider the extension of the concave integral from classical crispσ-algebra to fuzzyσ-algebra of fuzzy sets.Firstly,the concept of fuzzy concave integral on a fuzzy set is introduced.Secondly,some important properties of such integral are discussed.Finally,various kinds of convergence theorems of a sequence of fuzzy concave integrals are proved.展开更多
The mesoscale eddy(ME)has a significant influence on the convergence effect in deep-sea acoustic propagation.This paper use statistical approaches to express quantitative relationships between the ME conditions and co...The mesoscale eddy(ME)has a significant influence on the convergence effect in deep-sea acoustic propagation.This paper use statistical approaches to express quantitative relationships between the ME conditions and convergence zone(CZ)characteristics.Based on the Gaussian vortex model,we construct various sound propagation scenarios under different eddy conditions,and carry out sound propagation experiments to obtain simulation samples.With a large number of samples,we first adopt the unified regression to set up analytic relationships between eddy conditions and CZ parameters.The sensitivity of eddy indicators to the CZ is quantitatively analyzed.Then,we adopt the machine learning(ML)algorithms to establish prediction models of CZ parameters by exploring the nonlinear relationships between multiple ME indicators and CZ parameters.Through the research,we can express the influence of ME on the CZ quantitatively,and achieve the rapid prediction of CZ parameters in ocean eddies.The prediction accuracy(R)of the CZ distance(mean R:0.9815)is obviously better than that of the CZ width(mean R:0.8728).Among the three ML algorithms,Gradient Boosting Decision Tree has the best prediction ability(root mean square error(RMSE):0.136),followed by Random Forest(RMSE:0.441)and Extreme Learning Machine(RMSE:0.518).展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholarship of China (62025602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11931915, U22B2036)+2 种基金Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundationm China (171105)Technological lmnovation Team of Shaanxi Province (2020TD013)the Tencent Foundation and XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defection), which limits the number of strategies a player can choose from.
文摘We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser pulse.Our particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 fs.The results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure.For targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression mechanism.According to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent shocks.Furthermore,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion diameter.The results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21307053)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(No.2013M541911)+1 种基金Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-Aged Scientists of Shandong Province(No.BS2013CL044)Natural Science Foundation of Ludong University(No.LY2011004)
文摘A series of novel ester-capped carbosilane dendrimers（G0-COOCH3–G2-COOCH3） were designed and successfully synthesized via a hybrid divergent–convergent method through a facile hydrosilylation reaction. The structures of these dendrimers were confirmed by FTIR,1H NMR, and HRMS analyses.
基金part supported by the NSF Grants DMS-1912654 and DMS 2205590。
文摘We provide a concise review of the exponentially convergent multiscale finite element method(ExpMsFEM)for efficient model reduction of PDEs in heterogeneous media without scale separation and in high-frequency wave propagation.The ExpMsFEM is built on the non-overlapped domain decomposition in the classical MsFEM while enriching the approximation space systematically to achieve a nearly exponential convergence rate regarding the number of basis functions.Unlike most generalizations of the MsFEM in the literature,the ExpMsFEM does not rely on any partition of unity functions.In general,it is necessary to use function representations dependent on the right-hand side to break the algebraic Kolmogorov n-width barrier to achieve exponential convergence.Indeed,there are online and offline parts in the function representation provided by the ExpMsFEM.The online part depends on the right-hand side locally and can be computed in parallel efficiently.The offline part contains basis functions that are used in the Galerkin method to assemble the stiffness matrix;they are all independent of the right-hand side,so the stiffness matrix can be used repeatedly in multi-query scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002370).
文摘To solve the finite-time error-tracking problem in mis-sile guidance,this paper presents a unified design approach through error dynamics and free-time convergence theory.The proposed approach is initiated by establishing a desired model for free-time convergent error dynamics,characterized by its independence from initial conditions and guidance parameters,and adjustable convergence time.This foundation facilitates the derivation of specific guidance laws that integrate constraints such as leading angle,impact angle,and impact time.The theoretical framework of this study elucidates the nuances and synergies between the proposed guidance laws and existing methodologies.Empirical evaluations through simulation comparisons underscore the enhanced accuracy and adaptability of the proposed laws.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863 program",No.2007AA09Z301) the National Major Science&Technology Specific Projects(No.2008ZX05017-004)
文摘The supersonic nozzle is a new apparatus which can be used to condense and separate water and heavy hydrocarbons from natural gas.The swirling separation of natural gas in the convergent-divergent nozzle was numerically simulated based on a new design which incorporates a central body. Axial distribution of the main parameters of gas flow was investigated,while the basic parameters of gas flow were obtained as functions of radius at the nozzle exit.The effect of the nozzle geometry on the swirling separation was analyzed.The numerical results show that water and heavy hydrocarbons can be condensed and separated from natural gas under the combined effect of the low temperature（-80℃） and the centrifugal field（482,400g,g is the acceleration of gravity）.The gas dynamic parameters are uniformly distributed correspondingly in the radial central region of the channel,for example the distribution range of the static temperature and the centrifugal acceleration are from -80 to -55℃and 220,000g to 500,000g,respectively,which would create good conditions for the cyclone separation of the liquids.However,high gradients of gas dynamic parameters near the channel walls may impair the process of separation.The geometry of the nozzle has a great influence on the separation performance. Increasing the nozzle convergent angle can improve the separation efficiency.The swirling natural gas can be well separated when the divergent angle takes values from 4°to 12°in the convergent-divergent nozzle.
文摘Although it is well known that cloud cavitation shows unsteady behavior with the growing motion of an attached cavity, the shedding motion of a cloud, the collapsing motion of the cloud shed downstream and a reentrant motion in flow fields such as on a 2-D hydrofoil and in a convergent- divergent channel with a rectangular cross-section, observations for the periodic behavior of cloud cavitation in a cylindrical nozzle with a convergent-divergent part, which is mainly used in an industrial field, have hardly been conducted. From engineering viewpoints, it is important to elucidate the mechanism of periodic cavitation behavior in a cylindrical nozzle. In this study, a high-speed observation technique with an image analysis technique was applied to the cloud cavitation behavior in the nozzle to make clear the mechanism of unsteady behavior. As a result, it was observed in the nozzle that the periodic behavior occurs in the cloud cavitation and pressure waves form at the collapse of clouds shed downstream. Also, it was found through the image analysis based on the present technique that the pressure wave plays a role as a trigger mechanism to cause a reentrant motion at the downstream end of an attached cavity.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation within the Project No.21-66-00007support of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education。
文摘Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture events.Adaptation to diverse environments,including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions,has also left selection footprints in breed genomes.Results Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SNP chip,we genotyped four divergently selected breeds:two aboriginal,cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur,one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance,and one meat-type White Cornish.Signals of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods:(1)assessment of runs of homozygosity islands,(2)F_(ST) based population differential analysis,and(3)haplotype differentiation analysis.Genomic regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more breeds.In these regions,we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other studies.Amongst them,SOX5,ME3,ZNF536,WWP1,RIPK2,OSGIN2,DECR1,TPO,PPARGC1A,BDNF,MSTN,and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold adaptation.Epigenetic factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes(e.g.,TPO and BDNF).Conclusion Based on a genome-wide scan,our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken breeds.These include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh environments.Cold tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals,and this warrants further investigation.
文摘This research paper delves into the connection, between problem-solving and music. It’s a topic that has piqued the interest of scholars in fields, including science and neuroscience. The study explores how music can influence our ability to think divergently which is an aspect of creative thinking. It builds upon advancements in methods to investigate the relationship between music and divergent thinking aiming to uncover potential correlations. Doing it offers insights into the interplay between artistic expression and cognitive innovation. This research combines an analysis of existing literature with data collected from a group of participants shedding light on how music impacts our capacity for creative thinking. It demonstrates that music plays a role as a catalyst, for stimulating and enhancing thinking abilities.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000706,2018YFD1000700).
文摘Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant research.During the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a key event,as the loss of seed shattering caused a significant increase in yield.In order to understand the seed shattering process in sorghum,we further studied eight previously identified divergent sorghum germplasm with different shattering degrees.We described their phenotypes in great detail,analyzed the histology of abscission zone,and conducted a gene co-expression analysis.We observed that the abscission layer of the most strong-shattering varieties began to differentiate before the 5-10 cm panicles development stage and was completely formed at flag leaf unfolding.The protective cells on the pedicels were also fully lignified by flowering.Through the weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA),we mined for candidate genes involved in the abscission process at the heading stage.We found that these genes were mainly associated with such biological processes as hormone signal transmission(SORBI_3003G361300,SORBI_3006G216500,SORBI_3009G027800,SORBI_3007G077200),cell wall modification and degradation(SORBI_3002G205500,SORBI_3004G013800,SORBI_3010G022400,SORBI_3003G251800,SORBI_3003G254700,SORBI_3003G410800,SORBI_3009G162700,SORBI_3001G406700,SORBI_3004G042700,SORBI_3004G244600,SORBI_3001G099100),and lignin synthesis(SORBI_3004G220700,SORBI_3004G062500,SORBI_3010G214900,SORBI_3009G181800).Our study has provided candidate genes required for shedding for further study.We believe that function characterization of these genes may provide insight into our understanding of seed shattering process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12171106)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2020GXNSFDA238017 and 2018GXNSFFA281007)the Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1430300)。
文摘This paper discusses the two-block large-scale nonconvex optimization problem with general linear constraints.Based on the ideas of splitting and sequential quadratic optimization(SQO),a new feasible descent method for the discussed problem is proposed.First,we consider the problem of quadratic optimal(QO)approximation associated with the current feasible iteration point,and we split the QO into two small-scale QOs which can be solved in parallel.Second,a feasible descent direction for the problem is obtained and a new SQO-type method is proposed,namely,splitting feasible SQO(SF-SQO)method.Moreover,under suitable conditions,we analyse the global convergence,strong convergence and rate of superlinear convergence of the SF-SQO method.Finally,preliminary numerical experiments regarding the economic dispatch of a power system are carried out,and these show that the SF-SQO method is promising.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31470311)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20136101130001).
文摘China is a hotspot of relict plant species that were once widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.Recent research has demonstrated that the occurrence of long-term stable refugia in the mountainous regions of central and south-western China allowed their persistence through the late Neogene climate fluctuations.One of these relict lineages is Dipteronia,an oligotypic tree genus with a fossil record extending to the Paleocene.Here,we investigated the genetic variability,demographic dynamics and diversification patterns of the two currently recognized Dipteronia species(Dipteronia sinensis and D.dyeriana).Molecular data were obtained from 45 populations of Dipteronia by genotyping three cpDNA regions,two single copy nuclear genes and 15 simple sequence repeat loci.The genetic study was combined with niche comparison analyses on the environmental space,ecological niche modeling,and landscape connectivity analysis.We found that the two Dipteronia species have highly diverged both in genetic and ecological terms.Despite the incipient speciation processes that can be observed in D.sinensis,the occurrence of long-term stable refugia and,particularly,a dispersal corridor along Daba Shan-west Qinling,likely ensured its genetic and ecological integrity to date.Our study will not only help us to understand how populations of Dipteronia species responded to the tectonic and climatic changes of the Cenozoic,but also provide insight into how Arcto-Tertiary relict plants in East Asia survived,evolved,and diversified.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12061028, 71871046)Support Program of the Guangxi China Science Foundation (Grant No.2018GXNSFAA281011)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the complete convergence and complete moment conver-gence for weighted sums of arrays of rowwise asymptotically negatively associated(ANA)random variables,without assuming identical distribution.The obtained results not only extend those of An and Yuan[1]and Shen et al.[2]to the case of ANA random variables,but also partially improve them.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52171220,92163212,and 92163119)the Research Funding of Wuhan Polytechnic University (Grant No.2022RZ059)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (Grant No.S202310497202)。
文摘Band convergence is considered to be a strategy with clear benefits for thermoelectric performance,generally favoring the co-optimization of conductivity and Seebeck coefficients,and the conventional means include elemental filling to regulate the band.However,the influence of the most electronegative fluorine on the CoSb_(3) band remains unclear.We carry out density-functional-theory calculations and show that the valence band maximum gradually shifts downward with the increase of fluorine filling,lastly the valence band maximum converges to the highly degenerated secondary valence bands in fluorine-filled skutterudites.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061080,12161087 and 12261093)the Science and Technology Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ211601)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871305).
文摘We study equations in divergence form with piecewise Cαcoefficients.The domains contain corners and the discontinuity surfaces are attached to the edges of the corners.We obtain piecewise C^(1,α) estimates across the discontinuity surfaces and provide an example to illustrate the issue regarding the regularity at the corners.
文摘Generative artificial intelligence(AI),as an emerging paradigm in content generation,has demonstrated its great potentials in creating high-fidelity data including images,texts,and videos.Nowadays wireless networks and applications have been rapidly evolving from achieving“connected things”to embracing“connected intelligence”.Generative AI has been recognized as a fundamentally innovative technology to drive the advancement of intelligent wireless communications and networks.
文摘AIM:To compare and analyse the diagnostic efficacy of the College of Optometrists Vision Development Quality of Life Questionnaire(COVD-QOL)and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey(CISS)in detecting convergence insufficiency and to compare their diagnostic value in clinical applications.METHODS:Using the diagnostic test method,62 adult patients with convergence insufficiency(age:24.74±3.75y)and 62 normal participants(age:23.61±3.13y)who visited the Optometry Clinic of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2021 to January 2023 were included.All subjects completed the CISS and COVD-QOL.Statistical analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the CISS and COVD-QOL and comparison and joint experimental analysis of their diagnostic efficacy were performed.RESULTS:The sensitivity of the CISS and COVD-QOL for convergence insufficiency was 64.5%and 71.0%,respectively,while the specificity was 96.8%and 67.7%,respectively.Compared to the CISS alone,the combination of the CISS and COVD-QOL demonstrated lower sensitivity and specificity.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CISS,COVD-QOL and CISS combined with COVD-QOL were 0.806,0.694 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION:Considering the low sensitivity of the CISS and the low specificity of the COVD-QOL,it is recommended to supplement these questionnaires with other screening tests for the detection of convergence insufficiency.
基金supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology base and Talent Project(AD22080047)the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2023GXNFSBA 026063)+1 种基金the Innovation Funds of Chinese University(2021BCF03001)the special foundation for Guangxi Ba Gui Scholars.
文摘A cautious projection BFGS method is proposed for solving nonconvex unconstrained optimization problems.The global convergence of this method as well as a stronger general convergence result can be proven without a gradient Lipschitz continuity assumption,which is more in line with the actual problems than the existing modified BFGS methods and the traditional BFGS method.Under some additional conditions,the method presented has a superlinear convergence rate,which can be regarded as an extension and supplement of BFGS-type methods with the projection technique.Finally,the effectiveness and application prospects of the proposed method are verified by numerical experiments.
基金Supported in part by the National Social Science Foundation of China(19BTJ020)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the extension of the concave integral from classical crispσ-algebra to fuzzyσ-algebra of fuzzy sets.Firstly,the concept of fuzzy concave integral on a fuzzy set is introduced.Secondly,some important properties of such integral are discussed.Finally,various kinds of convergence theorems of a sequence of fuzzy concave integrals are proved.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41875061 and 41775165.
文摘The mesoscale eddy(ME)has a significant influence on the convergence effect in deep-sea acoustic propagation.This paper use statistical approaches to express quantitative relationships between the ME conditions and convergence zone(CZ)characteristics.Based on the Gaussian vortex model,we construct various sound propagation scenarios under different eddy conditions,and carry out sound propagation experiments to obtain simulation samples.With a large number of samples,we first adopt the unified regression to set up analytic relationships between eddy conditions and CZ parameters.The sensitivity of eddy indicators to the CZ is quantitatively analyzed.Then,we adopt the machine learning(ML)algorithms to establish prediction models of CZ parameters by exploring the nonlinear relationships between multiple ME indicators and CZ parameters.Through the research,we can express the influence of ME on the CZ quantitatively,and achieve the rapid prediction of CZ parameters in ocean eddies.The prediction accuracy(R)of the CZ distance(mean R:0.9815)is obviously better than that of the CZ width(mean R:0.8728).Among the three ML algorithms,Gradient Boosting Decision Tree has the best prediction ability(root mean square error(RMSE):0.136),followed by Random Forest(RMSE:0.441)and Extreme Learning Machine(RMSE:0.518).
