This study reports a new model of an air standard Dual-Miller cycle(DMC) with two polytropic processes and heat transfer loss.The two reversible adiabatic processes which could not be realized in practice are replaced...This study reports a new model of an air standard Dual-Miller cycle(DMC) with two polytropic processes and heat transfer loss.The two reversible adiabatic processes which could not be realized in practice are replaced with two polytropic processes in order to more accurately reflect the practical working performance. The heat transfer loss is taken into account. The expressions of power output, thermal efficiency, entropy generation rate(EGR) and ecological function are addressed using finite-time thermodynamic theory. Through numerical calculations, the influences of compression ratio, cut-off ratio and polytropic exponent on the performance are thermodynamically analyzed. The model can be simplified to other cycle models under specific conditions, which means the results have an certain universality and may be helpful in the design of practical heat engines. It is shown that the entropy generation minimization does not always lead to the best system performance.展开更多
This paper establishes an irreversible DualMiller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio (ρ) and Mil...This paper establishes an irreversible DualMiller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio (ρ) and Miller cycle ratio (rM) on the power output (P), thermal efficiency (η) and ecological function (E), obtain the optimal popt and optimal rMopt, and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the P,η and E of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of P,η and E are derived. The relationships among P,η, E and compression ratio (ε) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of ρ and rM on P,η, E, maximum power output (MP), maximum efficiency (MEF) and maximum ecological function (ME) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of P,η and E as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twicemaximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological fiinction, respectively. Moreover, when choosing E as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in η while there is a drop of only 2.7% in P compared to choosing P as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in P while there is a drop of only 1.3% in rj compared to choosing as the optimization objective.展开更多
基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件CONVERGE建立了大型低速2冲程柴油引燃缸内直喷天然气船用发动机燃烧仿真模型。首先通过试验结果对模型进行了验证,进而开展了天然气高压喷射模式(high pressure direct injection,HPDI)下米勒循环和天然气两...基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件CONVERGE建立了大型低速2冲程柴油引燃缸内直喷天然气船用发动机燃烧仿真模型。首先通过试验结果对模型进行了验证,进而开展了天然气高压喷射模式(high pressure direct injection,HPDI)下米勒循环和天然气两次喷射策略对发动机压力振荡的抑制效果研究。结果表明,推迟排气门关闭时刻,整体燃烧压力降低,燃烧相位推迟,发生剧烈压力振荡的时刻也推迟。排气门关闭时刻推迟较小时压力振荡强度降低,但过度推迟反而提高缸内压力振荡的强度,这主要是缸内热力学状态变化和燃料自燃特性相互作用的结果。通过调整预喷射量,可以降低燃烧前形成的可燃混合气量,从而影响燃烧过程中预混合燃烧比例,可以有效抑制压力振荡.但会导致输出功率降低及能耗增大。相比预喷射量,喷射间隔对缸内压力振荡的影响较小,但过大喷射间隔会影响燃烧相位,导致功率损失严重。合理的喷射策略可以在抑制压力振荡的同时保证功率输出。展开更多
A novel frequency compensation technique for three-stage amplifier with dual complex pole-zero (DCP) cancellation is proposed. It uses one pair of complex zeros to cancel one pair of complex poles, resulting in featur...A novel frequency compensation technique for three-stage amplifier with dual complex pole-zero (DCP) cancellation is proposed. It uses one pair of complex zeros to cancel one pair of complex poles, resulting in feature that frequency response of the three-stage amplifier exhibits that of a single-pole system. Thus the gain-bandwidth (GBW) is expected to be increased several times compared to the conventional nested miller compensation (NMC) approach. Moreover, this technique requires only one very small compensation capacitor even when driving a big load capacitor. A GBW 4.63 MHz, DC gain 100 dB, PM 90o and power dissipation 0.87 mW can be achieved for a load capacitor 100 pF with a single Miller compensation capacitor 2 pF at a ±1V supply in a standard 0.6-μm CMOS technology.展开更多
This paper presents a low-dropout regulator （LDO） for portable applications with dual-loop feedback and a dynamic bias circuit. The dual-loop feedback structure is adopted to reduce the output voltage spike and the ...This paper presents a low-dropout regulator （LDO） for portable applications with dual-loop feedback and a dynamic bias circuit. The dual-loop feedback structure is adopted to reduce the output voltage spike and the response time of the LDO. The dynamic bias circuit enhances the slew rate at the gate of the power transistor. In addition, an adaptive miller compensation technique is employed, from which a single pole system is realized and over a 59~ phase margin is achieved under the full range of the load current. The proposed LDO has been implemented in a 0.6μm CMOS process. From the experimental results, the regulator can operate with a minimum dropout voltage of 200 mV at a maximum 300 mA load and IQ of 113μA. The line regulation and load regulation are improved to 0. l mV/V and 3.4 μV/mA due to the sufficient loop gain provided by the dual feedback loops. Under a full range load current step, the voltage spikes and the recovery time of the proposed LDO is reduced to 97 mV and 0.142 μs respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51576207)
文摘This study reports a new model of an air standard Dual-Miller cycle(DMC) with two polytropic processes and heat transfer loss.The two reversible adiabatic processes which could not be realized in practice are replaced with two polytropic processes in order to more accurately reflect the practical working performance. The heat transfer loss is taken into account. The expressions of power output, thermal efficiency, entropy generation rate(EGR) and ecological function are addressed using finite-time thermodynamic theory. Through numerical calculations, the influences of compression ratio, cut-off ratio and polytropic exponent on the performance are thermodynamically analyzed. The model can be simplified to other cycle models under specific conditions, which means the results have an certain universality and may be helpful in the design of practical heat engines. It is shown that the entropy generation minimization does not always lead to the best system performance.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51576207).
文摘This paper establishes an irreversible DualMiller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio (ρ) and Miller cycle ratio (rM) on the power output (P), thermal efficiency (η) and ecological function (E), obtain the optimal popt and optimal rMopt, and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the P,η and E of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of P,η and E are derived. The relationships among P,η, E and compression ratio (ε) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of ρ and rM on P,η, E, maximum power output (MP), maximum efficiency (MEF) and maximum ecological function (ME) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of P,η and E as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twicemaximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological fiinction, respectively. Moreover, when choosing E as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in η while there is a drop of only 2.7% in P compared to choosing P as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in P while there is a drop of only 1.3% in rj compared to choosing as the optimization objective.
文摘基于计算流体力学(CFD)软件CONVERGE建立了大型低速2冲程柴油引燃缸内直喷天然气船用发动机燃烧仿真模型。首先通过试验结果对模型进行了验证,进而开展了天然气高压喷射模式(high pressure direct injection,HPDI)下米勒循环和天然气两次喷射策略对发动机压力振荡的抑制效果研究。结果表明,推迟排气门关闭时刻,整体燃烧压力降低,燃烧相位推迟,发生剧烈压力振荡的时刻也推迟。排气门关闭时刻推迟较小时压力振荡强度降低,但过度推迟反而提高缸内压力振荡的强度,这主要是缸内热力学状态变化和燃料自燃特性相互作用的结果。通过调整预喷射量,可以降低燃烧前形成的可燃混合气量,从而影响燃烧过程中预混合燃烧比例,可以有效抑制压力振荡.但会导致输出功率降低及能耗增大。相比预喷射量,喷射间隔对缸内压力振荡的影响较小,但过大喷射间隔会影响燃烧相位,导致功率损失严重。合理的喷射策略可以在抑制压力振荡的同时保证功率输出。
文摘A novel frequency compensation technique for three-stage amplifier with dual complex pole-zero (DCP) cancellation is proposed. It uses one pair of complex zeros to cancel one pair of complex poles, resulting in feature that frequency response of the three-stage amplifier exhibits that of a single-pole system. Thus the gain-bandwidth (GBW) is expected to be increased several times compared to the conventional nested miller compensation (NMC) approach. Moreover, this technique requires only one very small compensation capacitor even when driving a big load capacitor. A GBW 4.63 MHz, DC gain 100 dB, PM 90o and power dissipation 0.87 mW can be achieved for a load capacitor 100 pF with a single Miller compensation capacitor 2 pF at a ±1V supply in a standard 0.6-μm CMOS technology.
文摘This paper presents a low-dropout regulator （LDO） for portable applications with dual-loop feedback and a dynamic bias circuit. The dual-loop feedback structure is adopted to reduce the output voltage spike and the response time of the LDO. The dynamic bias circuit enhances the slew rate at the gate of the power transistor. In addition, an adaptive miller compensation technique is employed, from which a single pole system is realized and over a 59~ phase margin is achieved under the full range of the load current. The proposed LDO has been implemented in a 0.6μm CMOS process. From the experimental results, the regulator can operate with a minimum dropout voltage of 200 mV at a maximum 300 mA load and IQ of 113μA. The line regulation and load regulation are improved to 0. l mV/V and 3.4 μV/mA due to the sufficient loop gain provided by the dual feedback loops. Under a full range load current step, the voltage spikes and the recovery time of the proposed LDO is reduced to 97 mV and 0.142 μs respectively.
