During operating of the X-ray machines, if the protection of X-ray rooms is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray dosage and they are affected from X-r...During operating of the X-ray machines, if the protection of X-ray rooms is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray dosage and they are affected from X-ray related to the dose level. In the present survey, by testing the radiological leakage and scatter from X-rays machines in radiology departments of 7 randomly selected hospitals in Duhok governorate, the effects dose of X-ray to the both control panel area and the patients waiting or visiting area who are located near the radiography room, were measured. The dose was recorded for a range of peak kilovoltage (kVp) and mAs values to find efficiency of shielding materials (barriers) of radiography rooms for different X-rays level. The measurements were performed at one meter above the ground surface which was the same height of X-rays tube by using Gamma Scout dosimeter. From the measurement results, it was seen that the most hospitals barriers (doors and walls) were not appropriate to the standards except 2 hospitals. The maximum effective doses were measured in uncontrolled area of Khazer hospital which was 82.48 ± 0.73 mSv·yr-1 that was much more than the reference dose limits and in controlled area of Haval Banda Zaroka hospital which was 12.98 ± 0.16 mSv·yr-1. In result, the knowledge about the radiation dose affecting the radiologists and public in the selected hospitals was obtained, and by informing the radiologists and the hospitals managements, the necessary regulations would be planned.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) and its genotypes in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HCV and its ge...Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) and its genotypes in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HCV and its genotype. A total of 2 109 subjects, who attended the hospital for complaints other than hepatitis, were recruited in this study.Results: First, anti-HCV antibody positivity was examined by ELISA. About 5.2%(111/2 109) of our samples were tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies. To confirm the positivity, RT-PCR was performed. Amongst all samples, 2.8%(60/2 109) was positive by RT-PCR. Then, we genotyped all the RT-PCR positive samples, and it was found that50.0%(30/60) of our samples were typed as HCV genotype 4, 43.3%(26/60) as genotype1 and 6.7%(4/60) as genotype 3.Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV was higher than that was reported previously and genotype 4 was the most prevalent. Further population based study is required to investigate the prevalence of HCV.展开更多
The present study deals with the assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of Dokan, Derbendikhan and Duhok lakes. The physico-chemical characteristics of these lakes have been studied and analyzed for a year, du...The present study deals with the assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of Dokan, Derbendikhan and Duhok lakes. The physico-chemical characteristics of these lakes have been studied and analyzed for a year, during January-April-July and October 2009. Seasonal variations of two sampling sites of the lakes have been observed. Various parameters including air temperature, water temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, nitrite and phosphate have been analyzed. The study has revealed that there are significant seasonal variations in some physico-chemical parameters and as a whole most of the parameters are different in the three lakes.展开更多
Estimation of runoff volume and sediment load is the main problem that affects the performance of dams due to the reduction in the storage capacity of their reservoirs and their effect on dam efficiency and operation ...Estimation of runoff volume and sediment load is the main problem that affects the performance of dams due to the reduction in the storage capacity of their reservoirs and their effect on dam efficiency and operation schedule. The simulation models can be considered for this purpose if the continuous field measurements are not available. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) models were applied to estimate the annual runoff volume and sediment load for Duhok Dam Reservoir in north of Duhok/Iraq for the period 1988-2011. The estimated annual runoff volume varied from 2.3 to 34.7 MCM for considered period. Those values were affected by rainfall depth, intensity and runoff coefficient. The resultant annual runoff coefficient for the studied area ranged from 0.05 to 0.35 (average was 0.18) causing an average runoff volume of about 14 MCM. The results of sediment routing indicated that the values of sediment yields varied from 50 to 1400 t/km2/year depending on sub basin properties. The average annual sediment load from the whole watershed is about 120 × 10<sup>3</sup> ton. The estimated total sediment arrived to Duhok Reservoir for the considered period 1988-2011 was about 2.9 × 10<sup>6</sup> ton. The results indicate that both models gave reasonable results in comparison with measured values. Based on statistical criteria, the results of both models are close to gather.展开更多
Five varieties of durum wheat were crossed in full diallel fashion through 2010/2011 growing season. The five parents and their 20 F1 progenies were grown in 2011/2012 at the farm of faculty of agricultural and forest...Five varieties of durum wheat were crossed in full diallel fashion through 2010/2011 growing season. The five parents and their 20 F1 progenies were grown in 2011/2012 at the farm of faculty of agricultural and forestry, Duhok university, Iraq, using randomize complete block design with three replications to estimate heterosis, heritability and some genetic parameters for yield and its components. The results showed highly significant difference among genotypes for all studied traits. The parent Um Raby-5 had a positive general combining ability effect for most traits including grain yield. The crosses （Kokorete71× LD - 357E）, （Crezo × Um Rahy-5）, （Cimeto×Um Raby-5）, （Cimeto×crezo） and （Cimeto × Kokorete 71） exhibited significant desirable specific combining ability effect for most traits. The dominance was greater than additive almost traits. Heritability inbroad sense was high but heritability in narrow sense was low. The expected genetic advance as percent of traits mean was low for all traits. Most crosses showed significant positive heterosis for most traits and two crosses, （Crezo Cimeto） and （Cimeto Urn Raby-5） had the highest positive heterosis for the most studied traits including grain yield.展开更多
文摘During operating of the X-ray machines, if the protection of X-ray rooms is insufficient, not only the patient but also clinical staffs as well as public are exposed to high X-ray dosage and they are affected from X-ray related to the dose level. In the present survey, by testing the radiological leakage and scatter from X-rays machines in radiology departments of 7 randomly selected hospitals in Duhok governorate, the effects dose of X-ray to the both control panel area and the patients waiting or visiting area who are located near the radiography room, were measured. The dose was recorded for a range of peak kilovoltage (kVp) and mAs values to find efficiency of shielding materials (barriers) of radiography rooms for different X-rays level. The measurements were performed at one meter above the ground surface which was the same height of X-rays tube by using Gamma Scout dosimeter. From the measurement results, it was seen that the most hospitals barriers (doors and walls) were not appropriate to the standards except 2 hospitals. The maximum effective doses were measured in uncontrolled area of Khazer hospital which was 82.48 ± 0.73 mSv·yr-1 that was much more than the reference dose limits and in controlled area of Haval Banda Zaroka hospital which was 12.98 ± 0.16 mSv·yr-1. In result, the knowledge about the radiation dose affecting the radiologists and public in the selected hospitals was obtained, and by informing the radiologists and the hospitals managements, the necessary regulations would be planned.
文摘Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV) and its genotypes in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HCV and its genotype. A total of 2 109 subjects, who attended the hospital for complaints other than hepatitis, were recruited in this study.Results: First, anti-HCV antibody positivity was examined by ELISA. About 5.2%(111/2 109) of our samples were tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies. To confirm the positivity, RT-PCR was performed. Amongst all samples, 2.8%(60/2 109) was positive by RT-PCR. Then, we genotyped all the RT-PCR positive samples, and it was found that50.0%(30/60) of our samples were typed as HCV genotype 4, 43.3%(26/60) as genotype1 and 6.7%(4/60) as genotype 3.Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV was higher than that was reported previously and genotype 4 was the most prevalent. Further population based study is required to investigate the prevalence of HCV.
文摘The present study deals with the assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of Dokan, Derbendikhan and Duhok lakes. The physico-chemical characteristics of these lakes have been studied and analyzed for a year, during January-April-July and October 2009. Seasonal variations of two sampling sites of the lakes have been observed. Various parameters including air temperature, water temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, nitrite and phosphate have been analyzed. The study has revealed that there are significant seasonal variations in some physico-chemical parameters and as a whole most of the parameters are different in the three lakes.
文摘Estimation of runoff volume and sediment load is the main problem that affects the performance of dams due to the reduction in the storage capacity of their reservoirs and their effect on dam efficiency and operation schedule. The simulation models can be considered for this purpose if the continuous field measurements are not available. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) models were applied to estimate the annual runoff volume and sediment load for Duhok Dam Reservoir in north of Duhok/Iraq for the period 1988-2011. The estimated annual runoff volume varied from 2.3 to 34.7 MCM for considered period. Those values were affected by rainfall depth, intensity and runoff coefficient. The resultant annual runoff coefficient for the studied area ranged from 0.05 to 0.35 (average was 0.18) causing an average runoff volume of about 14 MCM. The results of sediment routing indicated that the values of sediment yields varied from 50 to 1400 t/km2/year depending on sub basin properties. The average annual sediment load from the whole watershed is about 120 × 10<sup>3</sup> ton. The estimated total sediment arrived to Duhok Reservoir for the considered period 1988-2011 was about 2.9 × 10<sup>6</sup> ton. The results indicate that both models gave reasonable results in comparison with measured values. Based on statistical criteria, the results of both models are close to gather.
文摘Five varieties of durum wheat were crossed in full diallel fashion through 2010/2011 growing season. The five parents and their 20 F1 progenies were grown in 2011/2012 at the farm of faculty of agricultural and forestry, Duhok university, Iraq, using randomize complete block design with three replications to estimate heterosis, heritability and some genetic parameters for yield and its components. The results showed highly significant difference among genotypes for all studied traits. The parent Um Raby-5 had a positive general combining ability effect for most traits including grain yield. The crosses （Kokorete71× LD - 357E）, （Crezo × Um Rahy-5）, （Cimeto×Um Raby-5）, （Cimeto×crezo） and （Cimeto × Kokorete 71） exhibited significant desirable specific combining ability effect for most traits. The dominance was greater than additive almost traits. Heritability inbroad sense was high but heritability in narrow sense was low. The expected genetic advance as percent of traits mean was low for all traits. Most crosses showed significant positive heterosis for most traits and two crosses, （Crezo Cimeto） and （Cimeto Urn Raby-5） had the highest positive heterosis for the most studied traits including grain yield.
