BACKGROUND It is of vital importance to find radiologic biomarkers that can accurately predict treatment response. Usually, the initiation of antiangiogenic therapy causes a rapid decrease in the contrast enhancing tu...BACKGROUND It is of vital importance to find radiologic biomarkers that can accurately predict treatment response. Usually, the initiation of antiangiogenic therapy causes a rapid decrease in the contrast enhancing tumor. However, the treatment response is observed only in a fraction of patients due to the partial radiological response secondary to stabilization of abnormal vessels which does not essentially indicate a true antitumor effect. Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(PWMRI) techniques have shown implicitness as a strong imaging biomarker for gliomas since they give hemodynamic information of blood vessels. Hence, there is a rapid expansion of PW-MRI related studies and clinical applications.AIM To determine the diagnostic performance of PW-MRI techniques including:(A)dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI); and(B)dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging(DSC-MRI) for evaluating response to antiangiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent gliomas.METHODS Databases such as PubMed(MEDLINE included), EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant original articles. The included studies were assessed for methodological quality with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Medical imaging follow-up or histopathological analysis was used as the reference standard. The data were extracted by two reviewers independently, and then the sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve(AUC), and heterogeneity were calculated using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.RESULTS This study analyzed a total of six articles. The overall sensitivity for DCE-MRI and DSC-MRI was 0.69 [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.53-0.82], and the specificity was 0.99(95%CI: 0.93-1) by a random effects model(DerSimonianeeLaird model). The likelihood ratio(LR) +, LR-, and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)were 12.84(4.54-36.28), 0.35(0.22-0.53), and 24.44(7.19-83.06), respectively. The AUC(± SE) was 0.9921(± 0.0120), and the Q* index(± SE) was 0.9640(± 0.0323).For DSC-MRI, the sensitivity was 0.73, the specificity was 0.98, the LR+ was 7.82,the LR-was 0.32, the DOR was 31.65, the AUC(± SE) was 0.9925(± 0.0132), and the Q* index was 0.9649(± 0.0363). For DCE-MRI, the sensitivity was 0.41, the specificity was 0.97, the LR+ was 5.34, the LR-was 0.71, the DOR was 8.76, the AUC(± SE) was 0.9922(± 0.2218), and the Q* index was 0.8935(± 0.3037).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated a beneficial value of PW-MRI(DSC-MRI and DCE-MRI) in monitoring the response of recurrent gliomas to antiangiogenic therapy, with reasonable sensitivity, specificity, +LR, and-LR.展开更多
Among five types of pulmonary hypertension,chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH)is the only curable form,but prompt and accurate diagnosis can be challenging.Computed tomography and nuclear medicine-bas...Among five types of pulmonary hypertension,chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH)is the only curable form,but prompt and accurate diagnosis can be challenging.Computed tomography and nuclear medicine-based techniques are standard imaging modalities to non-invasively diagnose CTEPH,however these are limited by radiation exposure,subjective qualitative bias,and lack of cardiac functional assessment.This review aims to assess the methodology,diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary perfusion imaging in the current literature and discuss its advantages,limitations and future research scope.展开更多
The goal in brain tumor surgery is to remove the maxi-mum achievable amount of the tumor, preventing damage to "eloquent" brain regions as the amount of brain tumor resection is one of the prognostic factors...The goal in brain tumor surgery is to remove the maxi-mum achievable amount of the tumor, preventing damage to "eloquent" brain regions as the amount of brain tumor resection is one of the prognostic factors for time to tumor progression and median survival. To achieve this goal, a variety of technical advances have been in-troduced, including an operating microscope in the late 1950 s, computer-assisted devices for surgical navigation and more recently, intraoperative imaging to incorporate and correct for brain shift during the resection of the lesion. However, surgically induced contrast enhancement along the rim of the resection cavity hampers interpretation of these intraoperatively acquired magnetic resonance images. To overcome this uncertainty, perfusion techniques [dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI), dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging(DSC-MRI)] have been introduced that can differentiate residual tumor from surgically induced changes at the rim of the resec-tion cavity and thus overcome this remaining uncer-tainty of intraoperative MRI in high grade brain tumor resection.展开更多
AIM:To investigate intra-operator variability of semiquantitative perfusion parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(DCE-US),following bolus injections of SonoVue.METHODS:The in vitro experiments w...AIM:To investigate intra-operator variability of semiquantitative perfusion parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(DCE-US),following bolus injections of SonoVue.METHODS:The in vitro experiments were conducted using three in-house sets up based on pumping a fluid through a phantom placed in a water tank.In the in vivo experiments,B16F10 melanoma cells were xenografted to five nude mice.Both in vitro and in vivo,images were acquired following bolus injections of the ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue(Bracco,Milan,Italy) and using a Toshiba Aplio ultrasound scanner connected to a 2.9-5.8 MHz linear transducer(PZT,PLT 604AT probe)(Toshiba,Japan) allowing harmonic imaging("Vascular Recognition Imaging") involving linear raw data.A mathematical model based on the dye-dilution theory was developed by the Gustave Roussy Institute,Villejuif,France and used to evaluate seven perfusion parameters from time-intensity curves.Intra-operator variability analyses were based on determining perfusion parameter coefficients of variation(CV).RESULTS:In vitro,different volumes of SonoVue were tested with the three phantoms:intra-operator variability was found to range from 2.33% to 23.72%.In vivo,experiments were performed on tumor tissues and perfusion parameters exhibited values ranging from 1.48% to 29.97%.In addition,the area under the curve(AUC) and the area under the wash-out(AUWO) were two of the parameters of great interest since throughout in vitro and in vivo experiments their variability was lower than 15.79%.CONCLUSION:AUC and AUWO appear to be the most reliable parameters for assessing tumor perfusion using DCE-US as they exhibited the lowest CV values.展开更多
Esophageal cancer is known as one of the malignant cancers with poor prognosis.To improve the outcome,combined multimodality treatment is attempted.On the other hand,advances in genomics and other“omic”technologies ...Esophageal cancer is known as one of the malignant cancers with poor prognosis.To improve the outcome,combined multimodality treatment is attempted.On the other hand,advances in genomics and other“omic”technologies are paving way to the patient-oriented treatment called“personalized”or“precision”medicine.Recent advancements of imaging techniques such as functional imaging make it possible to use imaging features as biomarker for diagnosis,treatment response,and prognosis in cancer treatment.In this review,we will discuss how we can use imaging derived tumor features as biomarker for the treatment of esophageal cancer.展开更多
脑胶质瘤是颅内最常见的恶性肿瘤,复发率高,预后较差。较低级别脑胶质瘤是指2021世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类(World Health Organization Central Nervous System,WHO CNS)分级为2级和3级的肿瘤,较低级别脑胶质瘤的分子分型对其...脑胶质瘤是颅内最常见的恶性肿瘤,复发率高,预后较差。较低级别脑胶质瘤是指2021世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类(World Health Organization Central Nervous System,WHO CNS)分级为2级和3级的肿瘤,较低级别脑胶质瘤的分子分型对其治疗与预后有着重要的指导意义,因此分子分型诊断对脑胶质瘤的临床管理至关重要。分子分型诊断的金标准是病理检测,获取病理组织基因测序,但其有一定的有创性和滞后性。近年来,随着功能磁共振成像(functional MRI,fMRI)的发展,越来越多的研究明确了fMRI预测较低级别胶质瘤分子分型的价值,本文就近年来多种fMRI技术,包括扩散成像、灌注成像、酰胺质子转移成像等,对预测较低级别胶质瘤多种分子分型的研究进展作一综述,并就各种fMRI技术对不同分子分型的预测价值分别进行分析,旨在为预测较低级别胶质瘤分子分型提供影像学指标,从而达到临床精准诊治的目的。展开更多
目的比较多参数三维假连续式动脉自旋标记灌注成像(3D p CASL)与动态磁敏感增强灌注成像(DSC PWI)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)责任病灶的检出率。方法比较39例临床诊断TIA患者,并在首次发作24 h内进行磁共振检查。扫描序列包括常规头颅MR...目的比较多参数三维假连续式动脉自旋标记灌注成像(3D p CASL)与动态磁敏感增强灌注成像(DSC PWI)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)责任病灶的检出率。方法比较39例临床诊断TIA患者,并在首次发作24 h内进行磁共振检查。扫描序列包括常规头颅MR成像、MRA(MRA),DWI、3D p CASL(选取两个标记延迟时间post-labeling time,PLD,PLD=1.5 s及PLD=2.5 s),DSC PWI。后处理获取3D p CASL的脑血流(CBF)图像和DSC PWI的Tmax图像。比较不同灌注方法与MRA及DWI结合法对于缺血病灶检出率和缺血面积。结果 TIA患者的缺血病灶检出率,3D p CASL(PLD1.5 s及PLD2.5 s)的CBF图像与DSC PWI Tmax对比无差异;3D p CASL(PLD1.5 s)的CBF图像对于缺血的检出率高于MRA结合DWI法;DSC PWI Tmax、3D p CASL(PLD2.5 s)CBF与MRA结合DWI法无差异。显示低灌注面积,3D p CASL(PLD1.5 s)的CBF图像显示的面积最大,其次是DSC PWI Tmax,而3D p CASL(PLD2.5 s)的CBF图像显示的低灌注面积最小。结论 3D p CASL脑灌注成像技术无创、快速、可重复性强,推荐作为临床可疑TIA患者的影像筛查手段,不同PLD的3D p CASL序列对于病灶的检出及缺血面积的显示有差异,选择较短PLD有可能提高病灶的检出率。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND It is of vital importance to find radiologic biomarkers that can accurately predict treatment response. Usually, the initiation of antiangiogenic therapy causes a rapid decrease in the contrast enhancing tumor. However, the treatment response is observed only in a fraction of patients due to the partial radiological response secondary to stabilization of abnormal vessels which does not essentially indicate a true antitumor effect. Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging(PWMRI) techniques have shown implicitness as a strong imaging biomarker for gliomas since they give hemodynamic information of blood vessels. Hence, there is a rapid expansion of PW-MRI related studies and clinical applications.AIM To determine the diagnostic performance of PW-MRI techniques including:(A)dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI); and(B)dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging(DSC-MRI) for evaluating response to antiangiogenic therapy in patients with recurrent gliomas.METHODS Databases such as PubMed(MEDLINE included), EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant original articles. The included studies were assessed for methodological quality with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Medical imaging follow-up or histopathological analysis was used as the reference standard. The data were extracted by two reviewers independently, and then the sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve(AUC), and heterogeneity were calculated using Meta-Disc 1.4 software.RESULTS This study analyzed a total of six articles. The overall sensitivity for DCE-MRI and DSC-MRI was 0.69 [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.53-0.82], and the specificity was 0.99(95%CI: 0.93-1) by a random effects model(DerSimonianeeLaird model). The likelihood ratio(LR) +, LR-, and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)were 12.84(4.54-36.28), 0.35(0.22-0.53), and 24.44(7.19-83.06), respectively. The AUC(± SE) was 0.9921(± 0.0120), and the Q* index(± SE) was 0.9640(± 0.0323).For DSC-MRI, the sensitivity was 0.73, the specificity was 0.98, the LR+ was 7.82,the LR-was 0.32, the DOR was 31.65, the AUC(± SE) was 0.9925(± 0.0132), and the Q* index was 0.9649(± 0.0363). For DCE-MRI, the sensitivity was 0.41, the specificity was 0.97, the LR+ was 5.34, the LR-was 0.71, the DOR was 8.76, the AUC(± SE) was 0.9922(± 0.2218), and the Q* index was 0.8935(± 0.3037).CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrated a beneficial value of PW-MRI(DSC-MRI and DCE-MRI) in monitoring the response of recurrent gliomas to antiangiogenic therapy, with reasonable sensitivity, specificity, +LR, and-LR.
文摘Among five types of pulmonary hypertension,chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH)is the only curable form,but prompt and accurate diagnosis can be challenging.Computed tomography and nuclear medicine-based techniques are standard imaging modalities to non-invasively diagnose CTEPH,however these are limited by radiation exposure,subjective qualitative bias,and lack of cardiac functional assessment.This review aims to assess the methodology,diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary perfusion imaging in the current literature and discuss its advantages,limitations and future research scope.
文摘The goal in brain tumor surgery is to remove the maxi-mum achievable amount of the tumor, preventing damage to "eloquent" brain regions as the amount of brain tumor resection is one of the prognostic factors for time to tumor progression and median survival. To achieve this goal, a variety of technical advances have been in-troduced, including an operating microscope in the late 1950 s, computer-assisted devices for surgical navigation and more recently, intraoperative imaging to incorporate and correct for brain shift during the resection of the lesion. However, surgically induced contrast enhancement along the rim of the resection cavity hampers interpretation of these intraoperatively acquired magnetic resonance images. To overcome this uncertainty, perfusion techniques [dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI), dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging(DSC-MRI)] have been introduced that can differentiate residual tumor from surgically induced changes at the rim of the resec-tion cavity and thus overcome this remaining uncer-tainty of intraoperative MRI in high grade brain tumor resection.
文摘AIM:To investigate intra-operator variability of semiquantitative perfusion parameters using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(DCE-US),following bolus injections of SonoVue.METHODS:The in vitro experiments were conducted using three in-house sets up based on pumping a fluid through a phantom placed in a water tank.In the in vivo experiments,B16F10 melanoma cells were xenografted to five nude mice.Both in vitro and in vivo,images were acquired following bolus injections of the ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue(Bracco,Milan,Italy) and using a Toshiba Aplio ultrasound scanner connected to a 2.9-5.8 MHz linear transducer(PZT,PLT 604AT probe)(Toshiba,Japan) allowing harmonic imaging("Vascular Recognition Imaging") involving linear raw data.A mathematical model based on the dye-dilution theory was developed by the Gustave Roussy Institute,Villejuif,France and used to evaluate seven perfusion parameters from time-intensity curves.Intra-operator variability analyses were based on determining perfusion parameter coefficients of variation(CV).RESULTS:In vitro,different volumes of SonoVue were tested with the three phantoms:intra-operator variability was found to range from 2.33% to 23.72%.In vivo,experiments were performed on tumor tissues and perfusion parameters exhibited values ranging from 1.48% to 29.97%.In addition,the area under the curve(AUC) and the area under the wash-out(AUWO) were two of the parameters of great interest since throughout in vitro and in vivo experiments their variability was lower than 15.79%.CONCLUSION:AUC and AUWO appear to be the most reliable parameters for assessing tumor perfusion using DCE-US as they exhibited the lowest CV values.
文摘Esophageal cancer is known as one of the malignant cancers with poor prognosis.To improve the outcome,combined multimodality treatment is attempted.On the other hand,advances in genomics and other“omic”technologies are paving way to the patient-oriented treatment called“personalized”or“precision”medicine.Recent advancements of imaging techniques such as functional imaging make it possible to use imaging features as biomarker for diagnosis,treatment response,and prognosis in cancer treatment.In this review,we will discuss how we can use imaging derived tumor features as biomarker for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
文摘脑胶质瘤是颅内最常见的恶性肿瘤,复发率高,预后较差。较低级别脑胶质瘤是指2021世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类(World Health Organization Central Nervous System,WHO CNS)分级为2级和3级的肿瘤,较低级别脑胶质瘤的分子分型对其治疗与预后有着重要的指导意义,因此分子分型诊断对脑胶质瘤的临床管理至关重要。分子分型诊断的金标准是病理检测,获取病理组织基因测序,但其有一定的有创性和滞后性。近年来,随着功能磁共振成像(functional MRI,fMRI)的发展,越来越多的研究明确了fMRI预测较低级别胶质瘤分子分型的价值,本文就近年来多种fMRI技术,包括扩散成像、灌注成像、酰胺质子转移成像等,对预测较低级别胶质瘤多种分子分型的研究进展作一综述,并就各种fMRI技术对不同分子分型的预测价值分别进行分析,旨在为预测较低级别胶质瘤分子分型提供影像学指标,从而达到临床精准诊治的目的。
文摘目的比较多参数三维假连续式动脉自旋标记灌注成像(3D p CASL)与动态磁敏感增强灌注成像(DSC PWI)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)责任病灶的检出率。方法比较39例临床诊断TIA患者,并在首次发作24 h内进行磁共振检查。扫描序列包括常规头颅MR成像、MRA(MRA),DWI、3D p CASL(选取两个标记延迟时间post-labeling time,PLD,PLD=1.5 s及PLD=2.5 s),DSC PWI。后处理获取3D p CASL的脑血流(CBF)图像和DSC PWI的Tmax图像。比较不同灌注方法与MRA及DWI结合法对于缺血病灶检出率和缺血面积。结果 TIA患者的缺血病灶检出率,3D p CASL(PLD1.5 s及PLD2.5 s)的CBF图像与DSC PWI Tmax对比无差异;3D p CASL(PLD1.5 s)的CBF图像对于缺血的检出率高于MRA结合DWI法;DSC PWI Tmax、3D p CASL(PLD2.5 s)CBF与MRA结合DWI法无差异。显示低灌注面积,3D p CASL(PLD1.5 s)的CBF图像显示的面积最大,其次是DSC PWI Tmax,而3D p CASL(PLD2.5 s)的CBF图像显示的低灌注面积最小。结论 3D p CASL脑灌注成像技术无创、快速、可重复性强,推荐作为临床可疑TIA患者的影像筛查手段,不同PLD的3D p CASL序列对于病灶的检出及缺血面积的显示有差异,选择较短PLD有可能提高病灶的检出率。
