Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactiv...Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.展开更多
The integration of digital twin(DT)and 6G edge intelligence provides accurate forecasting for distributed resources control in smart park.However,the adverse impact of model poisoning attacks on DT model training cann...The integration of digital twin(DT)and 6G edge intelligence provides accurate forecasting for distributed resources control in smart park.However,the adverse impact of model poisoning attacks on DT model training cannot be ignored.To address this issue,we firstly construct the models of DT model training and model poisoning attacks.An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the weighted sum of the DT loss function and DT model training delay.Then,the problem is transformed and solved by the proposed Multi-timescAle endogenouS securiTy-aware DQN-based rEsouRce management algorithm(MASTER)based on DT-assisted state information evaluation and attack detection.MASTER adopts multi-timescale deep Q-learning(DQN)networks to jointly schedule local training epochs and devices.It actively adjusts resource management strategies based on estimated attack probability to achieve endogenous security awareness.Simulation results demonstrate that MASTER has excellent performances in DT model training accuracy and delay.展开更多
Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes irreversible blindness in people aged over 50 worldwide.The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is the primary cause of atrophic AMD.In the current study,we used t...Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes irreversible blindness in people aged over 50 worldwide.The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is the primary cause of atrophic AMD.In the current study,we used the ComBat and Training Distribution Matching method to integrate data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We analyzed the integrated sequencing data by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.Peroxisome and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were among the top 10 pathways,and thus we selected them to construct AMD cell models to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs(circRNAs).We then constructed a competing endogenous RNA network,which is related to differentially expressed circRNAs.This network included seven circRNAs,15 microRNAs,and 82 mRNAs.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of mRNAs in this network showed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway was a common downstream event.The results of the current study may provide insights into the pathological processes of atrophic AMD.展开更多
Adoptive cell transfer(ACT)using chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)modified T cells and T cell receptor(TCR)engineered T cells has shown therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment1,2.CAR T cells are widely applicable to tum...Adoptive cell transfer(ACT)using chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)modified T cells and T cell receptor(TCR)engineered T cells has shown therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment1,2.CAR T cells are widely applicable to tumor patients because of their ability to directly identify tumor cells in an MHCindependent manner.展开更多
Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblas...Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function.Here,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation.As such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation.Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function.The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions.In vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism.Collectively,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited.Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.展开更多
Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells(TSPCs)are essential for tendon maintenance,regeneration,and repair,yet they become susceptible to senescence with age,impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons.In this study,we ...Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells(TSPCs)are essential for tendon maintenance,regeneration,and repair,yet they become susceptible to senescence with age,impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons.In this study,we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness.The top-ranked candidate,prim-O-glucosylcimifugin(POG),a saposhnikovia root extract,could ameliorate TPSC senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans,as well as restore the self-renewal and proliferative capacities and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs.In vivo,the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescued endogenous tendon regeneration and repair in aged rats to levels similar to those of normal animals.Mechanistically,POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and decreasing mTOR signaling with the induction of autophagy.Thus,the strategy of pharmacological intervention with the deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots,and to explore the physiolo...The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots,and to explore the physiological role of endogenous hormones in regulating root-crown interactions in the short term.The morphological characteristics and endogenous hormone contents of normal roots(no root cutting,CK)and cut roots(cut by 1/3 of the length of the main root,RP)were determined by liquid chromatography,which was combined with mass spectrometry at different levels of different developmental stages.The results showed that the root growth indexes and root endogenous hormones in the RP group were superior to those in the CK group.Through comprehensive analysis of endogenous hormones,it was found that the crosstalk of IAA,JA,ABA and SA could activate the root growth defense.After the root cutting treatment,the root growth of Quercus variabilis seedlings could compensate for the inhibition of taproot growth by promoting lateral root growth.The growth and development of compensatory lateral roots contribute to the increase the total root length of plants,thus promoting the absorption of water and nutrients.It is speculated that plant hormones may be the key factors affecting their development,but this is not only related to the content of a single hormone,but more importantly,it is the interaction between various hormones.展开更多
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a common and serious mental illness.Many novel genes in MDD have been characterized by high-throughput methods such as microarrays or sequencing.Recently,noncoding RNAs(ncRN...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a common and serious mental illness.Many novel genes in MDD have been characterized by high-throughput methods such as microarrays or sequencing.Recently,noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs)were suggested to be involved in the complicated environmental-genetic regulatory network of MDD occurrence;however,the interplay among RNA species,including protein-coding RNAs and ncRNAs,in MDD remains unclear.AIM To investigate the RNA expression datasets downloaded from a public database and construct a network based on differentially expressed long noncoding RNA(lncRNAs),microRNAs(miRNAs),and mRNAs between MDD and controls.METHODS Gene expression data were searched in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus using the search term“major depressive disorder.”Six array datasets from humans were related to the search term:GSE19738,GSE32280,GSE38206,GSE52790,GSE76826,and GSE81152.These datasets were processed for initial assessment and subjected to quality control and differential expression analysis.Differentially expressed lncRNAs,miRNAs,and mRNAs were determined,Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed,and protein-protein interaction network was generated.The results were analyzed for their association with MDD.RESULTS After analysis,3 miRNAs,12 lncRNAs,and 33 mRNAs were identified in the competing endogenous RNA network.Two of these miRNAs were earlier shown to be involved in psychiatric disorders,and differentially expressed mRNAs were found to be highly enriched in pathways related to neurogenesis and neuroplasticity as per Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses.The expression of hub gene fatty acid 2-hydroxylase was enriched,and the encoded protein was found to be involved in myelin formation,indicating that neurological development and signal transduction are involved in MDD pathogenesis.CONCLUSION The present study presents candidate nc RNAs involved in the neurogenesis and neuroplasticity pathways related to MDD.展开更多
As drug-resistant bacterial infections escalate and antimicrobial resources become insufficient,new alternative therapies are critical.The emergence of nano drug delivery system,in addition to giving drugs sustained,t...As drug-resistant bacterial infections escalate and antimicrobial resources become insufficient,new alternative therapies are critical.The emergence of nano drug delivery system,in addition to giving drugs sustained,targeted or longer half-life characteristics,also plays an important role in improving the therapeutic effect and reducing the toxic side effects of conventional drugs.Despite its potential benefits,the traditional nanomedical drug delivery system has some practical limitations,including incomplete and slow drug release,as well as insufficient accumulation at infection sites.Stimuli responsive nanoplatforms are hence developed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional nanoparticles,which can provide several advantages like:enhancing the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of antimicrobial drugs,increasing their effective bioavailability,reducing their dosage frequency,and improving their antimicrobial efficacy against biofilm-related infections,while slowing down the development of antimicrobial resistance,which is expected to trigger a medical revolution in the field of human health,thus bringing huge clinical benefits.In this review,we provide an extensive review of the recent progress of endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms in the antibacterial area.Using specific infectious microenvironments(pH,enzymes,reactive oxygen species and toxins),this review systematically presents the design principles of nano delivery systems and the mechanisms by which endogenous stimuli induce changes in the morphology or properties of delivery systems to achieve programmed drug release.Furthermore,exogenous stimuli such as light,heat,and magnetic fields can also control the release of drugs.Last but not least,we discussed the challenges and opportunities for future clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms in bacterial infections.展开更多
Stock markets exhibit Brownian movement with random,non-linear,uncertain,evolutionary,non-parametric,nebulous,chaotic characteristics and dynamism with a high degree of complexity.Developing an algorithm to predict re...Stock markets exhibit Brownian movement with random,non-linear,uncertain,evolutionary,non-parametric,nebulous,chaotic characteristics and dynamism with a high degree of complexity.Developing an algorithm to predict returns for decision-making is a challenging goal.In addition,the choice of vari-ables that will serve as input to the model represents a non-triviality,since it is possible to observe endogeneity problems between the predictor and the predicted variables.Thus,the goal is to analyze the endogenous origin of the stock return prediction model based on technical indicators.For this,we structure a feed-for-ward neural network.We evaluate the endogenous feedback between the pre-dicted returns and technical analysis indicators based on the generated residues.It is possible to predict the return.The high accuracy of the model indicates that,during the test period,there is a hit rate close to 76%.Regarding endogeneity,the term of interest and the return are the variables that influence the largest number of indicators.The results will help investors build investment strategies based on this expert system applied to forecasting.展开更多
Uncertain security threats caused by vulnerabilities and backdoors are the most serious and difficult problem in cyberspace.This paper analyzes the philosophical and technical causes of the existence of so-called"...Uncertain security threats caused by vulnerabilities and backdoors are the most serious and difficult problem in cyberspace.This paper analyzes the philosophical and technical causes of the existence of so-called"dark functions"such as system vulnerabilities and backdoors,and points out that endogenous security problems cannot be completely eliminated at the theoretical and engineering levels;rather,it is necessary to develop or utilize the endogenous security functions of the system architecture itself.In addition,this paper gives a definition for and lists the main technical characteristics of endogenous safety and security in cyberspace,introduces endogenous safety and security mechanisms and characteristics based on dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture,and describes the theoretical implications of a coding channel based on DHR.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the risk factors,ophthalmological features,treatment modalities and their effect on the visual outcome in patients with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis(EFE).METHODS:Data retrieved from the medical fil...AIM:To analyze the risk factors,ophthalmological features,treatment modalities and their effect on the visual outcome in patients with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis(EFE).METHODS:Data retrieved from the medical files included age at presentation to the uveitis clinic,gender,ocular symptoms and their duration before presentation,history of fever,eye affected,anatomical diagnosis and laboratory evidence of fungal infection.Medical therapy recorded included systemic antifungal therapy and its duration,use of intravitreal antifungal agents and use of oral/intravitreal steroids.Surgical procedures and the data of ophthalmologic examination at presentation and at last follow-up were also collected.RESULTS:Included were 13 patients(20 eyes,mean age 58 y).Ten patients presented after gastrointestinal or urological interventions and two presented after organ transplantation.In one patient,there was no history of previous intervention.Diagnostic vitrectomy was performed in 16 eyes(80%)and vitreous cultures were positive in 10 of the vitrectomized eyes(62.5%).In only 4 patients(31%),blood cultures were positive.All patients received systemic antifungal therapy.Sixteen eyes(80%)received intravitreal antifungal agent with voriconazole being the most commonly used.Visual acuity(VA)improved from 0.9±0.9 at initial exam to 0.5±0.8 logMAR at last followup(P=0.03).A trend of greater visual improvement was noted in favor of eyes treated with oral steroids(±intravitreal dexamethasone)than eyes that were not treated with steroids.The most common complication was maculopathy.Twelve eyes(60%)showed no ocular complications.CONCLUSION:High index of suspicion in patients with inciting risk factors is essential because of the low yield of blood cultures and the good general condition of patients at presentation.Visual prognosis is improved with the prompt institution of systemic and intravitreal pharmacotherapy and the immediate surgical intervention.Oral±local steroids could be considered in cases of prolonged or marked inflammatory responses in order to hasten control of inflammation and limit ocular complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointesti...BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.展开更多
Recent studies have showed that RNAs regulate each other with micro RNA(mi RNA) response elements(MREs) and this mechanism is known as "competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA)" hypothesis. Long noncoding RNAs(lnc R...Recent studies have showed that RNAs regulate each other with micro RNA(mi RNA) response elements(MREs) and this mechanism is known as "competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA)" hypothesis. Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are supposed to play important roles in cancer. Compelling evidence suggests that lnc RNAs can interact with mi RNAs and regulate the expression of mi RNAs as ce RNAs. Several lnc RNAs such as H19, HOTAIR and MEG3 have been found to be associated with mi RNAs in gastric cancer(GC), generating regulatory crosstalk across the transcriptome. These MRE sharing elements implicated in the ce RNA networks(ce RNETs) are able to regulate m RNA expression. The ce RNA regulatory networks including m RNAs, mi RNAs, lnc RNAs and circular RNAs may play critical roles in tumorigenesis, and the perturbations of ce RNETs may contribute to the pathogenesis of GC.展开更多
AIM To investigate the role of long noncoding RNA(lnc RNA) RP4 in colorectal cancer.METHODS Lentivirus-mediated lnc RNA RP4 overexpression and knockdown were performed in the colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Cell pr...AIM To investigate the role of long noncoding RNA(lnc RNA) RP4 in colorectal cancer.METHODS Lentivirus-mediated lnc RNA RP4 overexpression and knockdown were performed in the colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Cell proliferation, tumor growth, and early apoptosis were evaluated by a cell counting kit-8 assay, an in vivo xenograft tumor model, and annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Analysis of the lnc RNA RP4 mechanism involved assessment of the association of its expression with mi R-7-5 p and the SH3 GLB1 gene. Western blot analysis was also performed to assess the effect of lnc RNA RP4 on the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3 K)/Akt signaling.RESULTS Cell proliferation, tumor growth, and early apoptosis in SW480 cells were negatively regulated by lnc RNA RP4. Functional experiments indicated that lnc RNA RP4 directly upregulated SH3 GLB1 expression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA) for mi R-7-5 p. This interaction led to activation of the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway and de-repression of PI3 K and Akt phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells in vivo.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that lnc RNA RP4 is a ce RNA that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and could be a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.展开更多
The IAA, GA3, iPA, ZR and ABA contents in sweet potato leaves under drought conditions were determined by the method of ELISA, and the relationship between these endogenous hormones and drought resistance of different...The IAA, GA3, iPA, ZR and ABA contents in sweet potato leaves under drought conditions were determined by the method of ELISA, and the relationship between these endogenous hormones and drought resistance of different sweet potato varieties were studied. The results showed the IAA, GA3, iPA and ZR contents in sweet potato leaves decreased, but ABA contents increased obviously. The stronger the drought resistance of the variety was, the more IAA, GA3, iPA and ZR contents decreased and the less ABA contents increased. Their relative contents correlated significantly negatively(r were - 0.9070, - 0.9493, - 0.9509,- 0.8674 and - 0.9117 respectively) to drought-resistability.展开更多
The information security and functional safety are fundamental issues of wireless communications sytems.The endogenous security principle based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy provides a direction for the developm...The information security and functional safety are fundamental issues of wireless communications sytems.The endogenous security principle based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy provides a direction for the development of wireless communication security and safety technology.This paper introduces the concept of wireless endogenous security from the following four aspects.First,we sorts out the endogenous security problems faced by the current wireless communications system,and then analyzes the endogenous security and safety attributes of the wireless channel.After that,the endogenous security and safety structure of the wireless communications system is given,and finally the applications of the existing wireless communication endogenous security and safety functions are listed.展开更多
‘Zhongqiusucui’ jujube secondary shoots were treated with 3-indolebutyric acid(IBA) at three concentrations, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Results show that IBA could significantly enhance rooting and root characteristic...‘Zhongqiusucui’ jujube secondary shoots were treated with 3-indolebutyric acid(IBA) at three concentrations, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Results show that IBA could significantly enhance rooting and root characteristics of cuttings and were best with IBA at 1500 mg/L. In the rooting process, the formation of adventitious roots was related to the consumption and accumulation of nutrients(soluble sugars and proteins) and the changes in endogenous hormones in phloem, leaf tips and leaf bases. The rooting of cuttings had a positive correlation with the consumption of soluble sugars during the period of callus formation and with the accumulation of soluble sugars during adventitious root formation and growth. Rooting was positively related to the breakdown of soluble proteins in the phloem when the callus formed, and had a positive correlation with its accumulation during adventitious root formation and growth. Leaf tips and leaf bases showed a reverse trend in changes of soluble protein. However, together with the phloem, leaf tips and leaf bases regulated and controlled the formation and development of adventitious roots. The main activities of soluble proteins exist in the leaf tips as this was the main source of soluble proteins. The relation between rooting and IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) content in phloem was positive and thus a high concentration of IAA could benefit the induction and formation of adventitious roots. However, rooting was negatively related with ABA(abscisic acid) and GA(gibberellic acid) and a high concentration of both could inhibit the induction and formation of adventitious roots. Rooting had a positive correlation with phloem IAA/ABA ratios, and higher ratios could improve rooting. Low concentrations of ZR(zeatin riboside) triggered the induction of adventitious roots, while higher concentrations promoted root growth.Endogenous hormones in leaf tips and bases had an impact on rooting. The activities of endogenous hormones mainly existed in leaf tips because they play a major role in the production and consumption of IAA and its ABA content increased during rooting. The ZR in leaf tips influenced the rooting of cuttings, especially in the callus formation and rooting stage. Leaf tips were the main source of GA.展开更多
Our previous studies indicated that tomato miR482b could negatively regulate the resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans and the expression of miR482b was decreased after inoculation with P.infestans.However,th...Our previous studies indicated that tomato miR482b could negatively regulate the resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans and the expression of miR482b was decreased after inoculation with P.infestans.However,the mechanism by which the accumulation of miR482b is suppressed remains unclear.In this study,we wrote a program to identify 89 long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)-originated endogenous target mimics(eTMs)for 46 miRNAs from our RNA-Seq data.Three tomato lncRNAs,lncRNA23468,lncRNA01308 and lncRNA13262,contained conserved eTM sites for miR482b.When lncRNA23468 was overexpressed in tomato,miR482b expression was significantly decreased,and the expression of the target genes,NBS-LRRs,was significantly increased,resulting in enhanced resistance to P.infestans.Silencing lncRNA23468 in tomato led to the increased accumulation of miR482b and decreased accumulation of NBS-LRRs,as well as reduced resistance to P.infestans.In addition,the accumulation of both miR482b and NBS-LRRs was not significantly changed in tomato plants that overexpressed lncRNA23468 with a mutated eTM site.Based on the VIGS system,a target gene of miR482b,Solyc02g036270.2,was silenced.The disease symptoms of the VIGS-Solyc02g036270.2 tomato plants were in accordance with those of tomato plants in which lncRNA23468 was silenced after inoculation with P.infestans.More severe disease symptoms were found in the modified plants than in the control plants.Our results demonstrate that lncRNAs functioning as eTMs may modulate the effects of miRNAs in tomato and provide insight into how the lncRNA23468-miR482b-NBS-LRR module regulates tomato resistance to P.infestans.展开更多
Low back pain has become more prevalent in recent years,causing enormous economic burden for society and government.Common therapies used in clinics including conservative treatment and surgery can only relieve pain.S...Low back pain has become more prevalent in recent years,causing enormous economic burden for society and government.Common therapies used in clinics including conservative treatment and surgery can only relieve pain.Subsequent cell-based treatment such as mesenchymal stem cell transplantation poses problems such as short duration of therapeutic effect and tumorigenesis.Recently,the discovery and identification of stem cell niche and stem/progenitor cells in intervertebral disc bring increased attention to endogenous repair strategy.Therefore,we review the studies involving endogenous repair strategy and present the characteristics and current status of this treatment.Meanwhile,we also discuss the strategy and perspective of endogenous repair strategy in future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81941011(to XL),31771053(to HD),31730030(to XL),31971279(to ZY),31900749(to PH),31650001(to XL),31320103903(to XL),31670988(to ZY)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,Nos.7222004(to HD)+1 种基金a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology of China,Nos.2017YFC1104002(to ZY),2017YFC1104001(to XL)a grant from Beihang University,No.JKF-YG-22-B001(to FH)。
文摘Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation,differentiation,migration,and survival,as well as angiogenesis,in the context of brain injury.However,whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown.In this study,we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats.The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor,which improved the local microenvironment,activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells,and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons,while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery.This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes,thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China under Grant Number 52094021N010 (5400-202199534A-05-ZN)。
文摘The integration of digital twin(DT)and 6G edge intelligence provides accurate forecasting for distributed resources control in smart park.However,the adverse impact of model poisoning attacks on DT model training cannot be ignored.To address this issue,we firstly construct the models of DT model training and model poisoning attacks.An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the weighted sum of the DT loss function and DT model training delay.Then,the problem is transformed and solved by the proposed Multi-timescAle endogenouS securiTy-aware DQN-based rEsouRce management algorithm(MASTER)based on DT-assisted state information evaluation and attack detection.MASTER adopts multi-timescale deep Q-learning(DQN)networks to jointly schedule local training epochs and devices.It actively adjusts resource management strategies based on estimated attack probability to achieve endogenous security awareness.Simulation results demonstrate that MASTER has excellent performances in DT model training accuracy and delay.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81970821)the Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Provinc(Grant No.SJCX21_0624).
文摘Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes irreversible blindness in people aged over 50 worldwide.The dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is the primary cause of atrophic AMD.In the current study,we used the ComBat and Training Distribution Matching method to integrate data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We analyzed the integrated sequencing data by the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis.Peroxisome and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)signaling and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)were among the top 10 pathways,and thus we selected them to construct AMD cell models to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs(circRNAs).We then constructed a competing endogenous RNA network,which is related to differentially expressed circRNAs.This network included seven circRNAs,15 microRNAs,and 82 mRNAs.The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of mRNAs in this network showed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway was a common downstream event.The results of the current study may provide insights into the pathological processes of atrophic AMD.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82150108,31991171,and 81830002 to W.H.,and Grant No.82102892 to C.T.)。
文摘Adoptive cell transfer(ACT)using chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)modified T cells and T cell receptor(TCR)engineered T cells has shown therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment1,2.CAR T cells are widely applicable to tumor patients because of their ability to directly identify tumor cells in an MHCindependent manner.
基金supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH),the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases(NIAMS)Grant K01AR072123(ER-R)the American Society of Bone and Mineral Research(ASBMR)Rising Star awardprovided by NIH-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease(NIDDK)Grant DK116056(MPC)。
文摘Bone formation is a highly energy-demanding process that can be impacted by metabolic disorders.Glucose has been considered the principal substrate for osteoblasts,although fatty acids are also important for osteoblast function.Here,we report that osteoblasts can derive energy from endogenous fatty acids stored in lipid droplets via lipolysis and that this process is critical for bone formation.As such,we demonstrate that osteoblasts accumulate lipid droplets that are highly dynamic and provide the molecular mechanism by which they serve as a fuel source for energy generation during osteoblast maturation.Inhibiting cytoplasmic lipolysis leads to both an increase in lipid droplet size in osteoblasts and an impairment in osteoblast function.The fatty acids released by lipolysis from these lipid droplets become critical for cellular energy production as cellular energetics shifts towards oxidative phosphorylation during nutrient-depleted conditions.In vivo,conditional deletion of the ATGL-encoding gene Pnpla2 in osteoblast progenitor cells reduces cortical and trabecular bone parameters and alters skeletal lipid metabolism.Collectively,our data demonstrate that osteoblasts store fatty acids in the form of lipid droplets,which are released via lipolysis to support cellular bioenergetic status when nutrients are limited.Perturbations in this process result in impairment of bone formation,specifically reducing ATP production and overall osteoblast function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China 82230030 and 81871492(Y.L.),82201020(Y.W),and 82100980(S.S.J)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation JL23002(Y.L.)and 7214305(S.S.J)+6 种基金the Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Project Z221100002722003(Y.L.)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai SHSMU-ZLCX20212402(Y.L.)Ten-Thousand Talents Program QNBJ2019-2(Y.L.)the Key R&D Plan of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 2020BCG01001(Y.L.)Beijing Nova Program Z211100002121043(Y.W.)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents BX2021022(Y.W.),BX20200020(S.S.J)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M700281(Y.W.)。
文摘Adult tendon stem/progenitor cells(TSPCs)are essential for tendon maintenance,regeneration,and repair,yet they become susceptible to senescence with age,impairing the self-healing capacity of tendons.In this study,we employ a recently developed deep-learning-based efficacy prediction system to screen potential stemness-promoting and senescence-inhibiting drugs from natural products using the transcriptional signatures of stemness.The top-ranked candidate,prim-O-glucosylcimifugin(POG),a saposhnikovia root extract,could ameliorate TPSC senescent phenotypes caused by long-term passage and natural aging in rats and humans,as well as restore the self-renewal and proliferative capacities and tenogenic potential of aged TSPCs.In vivo,the systematic administration of POG or the local delivery of POG nanoparticles functionally rescued endogenous tendon regeneration and repair in aged rats to levels similar to those of normal animals.Mechanistically,POG protects TSPCs against functional impairment during both passage-induced and natural aging by simultaneously suppressing nuclear factor-κB and decreasing mTOR signaling with the induction of autophagy.Thus,the strategy of pharmacological intervention with the deep learning-predicted compound POG could rejuvenate aged TSPCs and improve the regenerative capacity of aged tendons.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number 31700549China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project,Grant Number 2017M612401.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of root cutting stress on the dynamic changes of endogenous hormone content and growth characteristics of Quercus variabilis roots,and to explore the physiological role of endogenous hormones in regulating root-crown interactions in the short term.The morphological characteristics and endogenous hormone contents of normal roots(no root cutting,CK)and cut roots(cut by 1/3 of the length of the main root,RP)were determined by liquid chromatography,which was combined with mass spectrometry at different levels of different developmental stages.The results showed that the root growth indexes and root endogenous hormones in the RP group were superior to those in the CK group.Through comprehensive analysis of endogenous hormones,it was found that the crosstalk of IAA,JA,ABA and SA could activate the root growth defense.After the root cutting treatment,the root growth of Quercus variabilis seedlings could compensate for the inhibition of taproot growth by promoting lateral root growth.The growth and development of compensatory lateral roots contribute to the increase the total root length of plants,thus promoting the absorption of water and nutrients.It is speculated that plant hormones may be the key factors affecting their development,but this is not only related to the content of a single hormone,but more importantly,it is the interaction between various hormones.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2020YFC2005500。
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a common and serious mental illness.Many novel genes in MDD have been characterized by high-throughput methods such as microarrays or sequencing.Recently,noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs)were suggested to be involved in the complicated environmental-genetic regulatory network of MDD occurrence;however,the interplay among RNA species,including protein-coding RNAs and ncRNAs,in MDD remains unclear.AIM To investigate the RNA expression datasets downloaded from a public database and construct a network based on differentially expressed long noncoding RNA(lncRNAs),microRNAs(miRNAs),and mRNAs between MDD and controls.METHODS Gene expression data were searched in NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus using the search term“major depressive disorder.”Six array datasets from humans were related to the search term:GSE19738,GSE32280,GSE38206,GSE52790,GSE76826,and GSE81152.These datasets were processed for initial assessment and subjected to quality control and differential expression analysis.Differentially expressed lncRNAs,miRNAs,and mRNAs were determined,Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed,and protein-protein interaction network was generated.The results were analyzed for their association with MDD.RESULTS After analysis,3 miRNAs,12 lncRNAs,and 33 mRNAs were identified in the competing endogenous RNA network.Two of these miRNAs were earlier shown to be involved in psychiatric disorders,and differentially expressed mRNAs were found to be highly enriched in pathways related to neurogenesis and neuroplasticity as per Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses.The expression of hub gene fatty acid 2-hydroxylase was enriched,and the encoded protein was found to be involved in myelin formation,indicating that neurological development and signal transduction are involved in MDD pathogenesis.CONCLUSION The present study presents candidate nc RNAs involved in the neurogenesis and neuroplasticity pathways related to MDD.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2021CFB468)Sci-tech Innovation Foundation of Huazhong Agriculture University(2662020LXPY007)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400800).
文摘As drug-resistant bacterial infections escalate and antimicrobial resources become insufficient,new alternative therapies are critical.The emergence of nano drug delivery system,in addition to giving drugs sustained,targeted or longer half-life characteristics,also plays an important role in improving the therapeutic effect and reducing the toxic side effects of conventional drugs.Despite its potential benefits,the traditional nanomedical drug delivery system has some practical limitations,including incomplete and slow drug release,as well as insufficient accumulation at infection sites.Stimuli responsive nanoplatforms are hence developed to overcome the disadvantages of conventional nanoparticles,which can provide several advantages like:enhancing the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of antimicrobial drugs,increasing their effective bioavailability,reducing their dosage frequency,and improving their antimicrobial efficacy against biofilm-related infections,while slowing down the development of antimicrobial resistance,which is expected to trigger a medical revolution in the field of human health,thus bringing huge clinical benefits.In this review,we provide an extensive review of the recent progress of endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms in the antibacterial area.Using specific infectious microenvironments(pH,enzymes,reactive oxygen species and toxins),this review systematically presents the design principles of nano delivery systems and the mechanisms by which endogenous stimuli induce changes in the morphology or properties of delivery systems to achieve programmed drug release.Furthermore,exogenous stimuli such as light,heat,and magnetic fields can also control the release of drugs.Last but not least,we discussed the challenges and opportunities for future clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms in bacterial infections.
文摘Stock markets exhibit Brownian movement with random,non-linear,uncertain,evolutionary,non-parametric,nebulous,chaotic characteristics and dynamism with a high degree of complexity.Developing an algorithm to predict returns for decision-making is a challenging goal.In addition,the choice of vari-ables that will serve as input to the model represents a non-triviality,since it is possible to observe endogeneity problems between the predictor and the predicted variables.Thus,the goal is to analyze the endogenous origin of the stock return prediction model based on technical indicators.For this,we structure a feed-for-ward neural network.We evaluate the endogenous feedback between the pre-dicted returns and technical analysis indicators based on the generated residues.It is possible to predict the return.The high accuracy of the model indicates that,during the test period,there is a hit rate close to 76%.Regarding endogeneity,the term of interest and the return are the variables that influence the largest number of indicators.The results will help investors build investment strategies based on this expert system applied to forecasting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(61521003)。
文摘Uncertain security threats caused by vulnerabilities and backdoors are the most serious and difficult problem in cyberspace.This paper analyzes the philosophical and technical causes of the existence of so-called"dark functions"such as system vulnerabilities and backdoors,and points out that endogenous security problems cannot be completely eliminated at the theoretical and engineering levels;rather,it is necessary to develop or utilize the endogenous security functions of the system architecture itself.In addition,this paper gives a definition for and lists the main technical characteristics of endogenous safety and security in cyberspace,introduces endogenous safety and security mechanisms and characteristics based on dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture,and describes the theoretical implications of a coding channel based on DHR.
文摘AIM:To analyze the risk factors,ophthalmological features,treatment modalities and their effect on the visual outcome in patients with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis(EFE).METHODS:Data retrieved from the medical files included age at presentation to the uveitis clinic,gender,ocular symptoms and their duration before presentation,history of fever,eye affected,anatomical diagnosis and laboratory evidence of fungal infection.Medical therapy recorded included systemic antifungal therapy and its duration,use of intravitreal antifungal agents and use of oral/intravitreal steroids.Surgical procedures and the data of ophthalmologic examination at presentation and at last follow-up were also collected.RESULTS:Included were 13 patients(20 eyes,mean age 58 y).Ten patients presented after gastrointestinal or urological interventions and two presented after organ transplantation.In one patient,there was no history of previous intervention.Diagnostic vitrectomy was performed in 16 eyes(80%)and vitreous cultures were positive in 10 of the vitrectomized eyes(62.5%).In only 4 patients(31%),blood cultures were positive.All patients received systemic antifungal therapy.Sixteen eyes(80%)received intravitreal antifungal agent with voriconazole being the most commonly used.Visual acuity(VA)improved from 0.9±0.9 at initial exam to 0.5±0.8 logMAR at last followup(P=0.03).A trend of greater visual improvement was noted in favor of eyes treated with oral steroids(±intravitreal dexamethasone)than eyes that were not treated with steroids.The most common complication was maculopathy.Twelve eyes(60%)showed no ocular complications.CONCLUSION:High index of suspicion in patients with inciting risk factors is essential because of the low yield of blood cultures and the good general condition of patients at presentation.Visual prognosis is improved with the prompt institution of systemic and intravitreal pharmacotherapy and the immediate surgical intervention.Oral±local steroids could be considered in cases of prolonged or marked inflammatory responses in order to hasten control of inflammation and limit ocular complications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573870the Eighth Special Subsidy Project of China Post Doctoral Science Foundation,No.2015T80376+4 种基金Postdoctoral Science Research Developmental Foundation of China,No.2013M531079National Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No.H2015020Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Outstanding Innovative Talents Support Project(Outstanding Young Academic Leaders),Postdoctoral Science-Research Developmental Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No.LBHQ12009Youth Academic Backbone Fund of Heilongjiang Province Education Department,No.1253G053Youth Science and Technology Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Heilongjiang Province,No.ZQG-034
文摘BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81373097
文摘Recent studies have showed that RNAs regulate each other with micro RNA(mi RNA) response elements(MREs) and this mechanism is known as "competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA)" hypothesis. Long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are supposed to play important roles in cancer. Compelling evidence suggests that lnc RNAs can interact with mi RNAs and regulate the expression of mi RNAs as ce RNAs. Several lnc RNAs such as H19, HOTAIR and MEG3 have been found to be associated with mi RNAs in gastric cancer(GC), generating regulatory crosstalk across the transcriptome. These MRE sharing elements implicated in the ce RNA networks(ce RNETs) are able to regulate m RNA expression. The ce RNA regulatory networks including m RNAs, mi RNAs, lnc RNAs and circular RNAs may play critical roles in tumorigenesis, and the perturbations of ce RNETs may contribute to the pathogenesis of GC.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui Education Department,No.KJ2017A219 to Liu MLScientific Research Foundation of Academic Leader of Anhui Province,No.2016H105 to Liu ML+2 种基金Education Talent Foundation of Universities of Anhui Education Department,No.gxbj ZD2016070 to Liu MLNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81500373 to Wang WBNatural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.1608085MH193 to Wang WB
文摘AIM To investigate the role of long noncoding RNA(lnc RNA) RP4 in colorectal cancer.METHODS Lentivirus-mediated lnc RNA RP4 overexpression and knockdown were performed in the colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Cell proliferation, tumor growth, and early apoptosis were evaluated by a cell counting kit-8 assay, an in vivo xenograft tumor model, and annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Analysis of the lnc RNA RP4 mechanism involved assessment of the association of its expression with mi R-7-5 p and the SH3 GLB1 gene. Western blot analysis was also performed to assess the effect of lnc RNA RP4 on the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3 K)/Akt signaling.RESULTS Cell proliferation, tumor growth, and early apoptosis in SW480 cells were negatively regulated by lnc RNA RP4. Functional experiments indicated that lnc RNA RP4 directly upregulated SH3 GLB1 expression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA(ce RNA) for mi R-7-5 p. This interaction led to activation of the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway and de-repression of PI3 K and Akt phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells in vivo.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that lnc RNA RP4 is a ce RNA that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and could be a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.
文摘The IAA, GA3, iPA, ZR and ABA contents in sweet potato leaves under drought conditions were determined by the method of ELISA, and the relationship between these endogenous hormones and drought resistance of different sweet potato varieties were studied. The results showed the IAA, GA3, iPA and ZR contents in sweet potato leaves decreased, but ABA contents increased obviously. The stronger the drought resistance of the variety was, the more IAA, GA3, iPA and ZR contents decreased and the less ABA contents increased. Their relative contents correlated significantly negatively(r were - 0.9070, - 0.9493, - 0.9509,- 0.8674 and - 0.9117 respectively) to drought-resistability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61941114 and No.61521003)Key Universities and Academic Disciplines Contruction Project。
文摘The information security and functional safety are fundamental issues of wireless communications sytems.The endogenous security principle based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy provides a direction for the development of wireless communication security and safety technology.This paper introduces the concept of wireless endogenous security from the following four aspects.First,we sorts out the endogenous security problems faced by the current wireless communications system,and then analyzes the endogenous security and safety attributes of the wireless channel.After that,the endogenous security and safety structure of the wireless communications system is given,and finally the applications of the existing wireless communication endogenous security and safety functions are listed.
基金supported by the national 948 subject ‘Introduction of fresh-eating jujube cultivar and new cultivating technology from Israel(2012-4-61)’
文摘‘Zhongqiusucui’ jujube secondary shoots were treated with 3-indolebutyric acid(IBA) at three concentrations, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Results show that IBA could significantly enhance rooting and root characteristics of cuttings and were best with IBA at 1500 mg/L. In the rooting process, the formation of adventitious roots was related to the consumption and accumulation of nutrients(soluble sugars and proteins) and the changes in endogenous hormones in phloem, leaf tips and leaf bases. The rooting of cuttings had a positive correlation with the consumption of soluble sugars during the period of callus formation and with the accumulation of soluble sugars during adventitious root formation and growth. Rooting was positively related to the breakdown of soluble proteins in the phloem when the callus formed, and had a positive correlation with its accumulation during adventitious root formation and growth. Leaf tips and leaf bases showed a reverse trend in changes of soluble protein. However, together with the phloem, leaf tips and leaf bases regulated and controlled the formation and development of adventitious roots. The main activities of soluble proteins exist in the leaf tips as this was the main source of soluble proteins. The relation between rooting and IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) content in phloem was positive and thus a high concentration of IAA could benefit the induction and formation of adventitious roots. However, rooting was negatively related with ABA(abscisic acid) and GA(gibberellic acid) and a high concentration of both could inhibit the induction and formation of adventitious roots. Rooting had a positive correlation with phloem IAA/ABA ratios, and higher ratios could improve rooting. Low concentrations of ZR(zeatin riboside) triggered the induction of adventitious roots, while higher concentrations promoted root growth.Endogenous hormones in leaf tips and bases had an impact on rooting. The activities of endogenous hormones mainly existed in leaf tips because they play a major role in the production and consumption of IAA and its ABA content increased during rooting. The ZR in leaf tips influenced the rooting of cuttings, especially in the callus formation and rooting stage. Leaf tips were the main source of GA.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31471880 and 61472061).
文摘Our previous studies indicated that tomato miR482b could negatively regulate the resistance of tomato to Phytophthora infestans and the expression of miR482b was decreased after inoculation with P.infestans.However,the mechanism by which the accumulation of miR482b is suppressed remains unclear.In this study,we wrote a program to identify 89 long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)-originated endogenous target mimics(eTMs)for 46 miRNAs from our RNA-Seq data.Three tomato lncRNAs,lncRNA23468,lncRNA01308 and lncRNA13262,contained conserved eTM sites for miR482b.When lncRNA23468 was overexpressed in tomato,miR482b expression was significantly decreased,and the expression of the target genes,NBS-LRRs,was significantly increased,resulting in enhanced resistance to P.infestans.Silencing lncRNA23468 in tomato led to the increased accumulation of miR482b and decreased accumulation of NBS-LRRs,as well as reduced resistance to P.infestans.In addition,the accumulation of both miR482b and NBS-LRRs was not significantly changed in tomato plants that overexpressed lncRNA23468 with a mutated eTM site.Based on the VIGS system,a target gene of miR482b,Solyc02g036270.2,was silenced.The disease symptoms of the VIGS-Solyc02g036270.2 tomato plants were in accordance with those of tomato plants in which lncRNA23468 was silenced after inoculation with P.infestans.More severe disease symptoms were found in the modified plants than in the control plants.Our results demonstrate that lncRNAs functioning as eTMs may modulate the effects of miRNAs in tomato and provide insight into how the lncRNA23468-miR482b-NBS-LRR module regulates tomato resistance to P.infestans.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972136National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China,No.81401830+3 种基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation General Project,No.2018JJA14775Young Medical Scholars Major Program of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016342Innovation Team Project of Jiangsu Province,No.CXTDB2017004Key Funding Project of Maternal and Child Health Research of Jiangsu Province,No.F201801.
文摘Low back pain has become more prevalent in recent years,causing enormous economic burden for society and government.Common therapies used in clinics including conservative treatment and surgery can only relieve pain.Subsequent cell-based treatment such as mesenchymal stem cell transplantation poses problems such as short duration of therapeutic effect and tumorigenesis.Recently,the discovery and identification of stem cell niche and stem/progenitor cells in intervertebral disc bring increased attention to endogenous repair strategy.Therefore,we review the studies involving endogenous repair strategy and present the characteristics and current status of this treatment.Meanwhile,we also discuss the strategy and perspective of endogenous repair strategy in future.
