Building Construction employees essentially required sufficient welfare facilities such as a place for washing, shower, change over, eat and drink, a place to store and hang clothing. Yet, these fundamental necessitie...Building Construction employees essentially required sufficient welfare facilities such as a place for washing, shower, change over, eat and drink, a place to store and hang clothing. Yet, these fundamental necessities are regularly dis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">regarded. Decent welfare facilities can absolutely promote health and well-being</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and can aid to avert contracting diseases at building construction site. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of welfare facilities on building construction workers performance in the Eastern </span><a name="_Hlk47637831"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Region Ghana. The objec</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tives were to identify welfare facilities provided by building construction firms,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> evaluate the satisfaction level of building construction firms’ employees with welfare facilities in Eastern Region, and determine the relationship between provision of welfare facilities and employee’s performance. The study employed convenient sample to investigate 80 building construction employees through questionnaires administration. Data generated from the survey was further analyzed using SPSS, weighted mean formula was used to determine the mean ranking, and descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean score, percentages, frequencies and chi square were used. The study reveals that the extent of welfare facilities at various construction sites was almost unavailability of sanitary and toilet facilities, unavailability of washing facilities, and unavailability of changing room, whiles drinking water and locker facilities were available but not sufficient. The study further finds that construction employees are dissatisfied with the condition of welfare facilities provided at their various work places. The study finally concludes that if workers are provided with decent welfare facilities at various building construction sites, it will motivate them to improve performance. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><a name="_Hlk47637831"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study recommends that</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> metropolitan, municipal and district authority (MMDAs) should set a task force to check the implementation of welfare facilities at construction site as the results are pointing woeful insufficiency of welfare facilities at Eastern Region construction firms in Ghana.展开更多
A geophysical survey including Magnetotelluric sounding(MT), gravity and geomagnetism was carried out in eastern region of Qinghai—Tibet plateau in 1998. It is to be known from tectonic map that study area was divide...A geophysical survey including Magnetotelluric sounding(MT), gravity and geomagnetism was carried out in eastern region of Qinghai—Tibet plateau in 1998. It is to be known from tectonic map that study area was divided into four blocks by three large sutures, but we have very little information on deep\|seated structure which have close relationship with evolution of Tibet plateau, our purpose is to find some deep crustal structure evidences of the blocks and sutures for understanding deep tectonic feature in this region. The geophysical survey region is located in about 97～98°E and 35～26°N, the profile with the length of 760km runs through Bayanhar, Qingtang and Gandise block in NS direction, 349 gravity and geomagnetic data were acquired simultaneously, and 31 MT sites are be placed along the profile with about 18km\|interval to detect electrical conductive feature.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><s...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 88</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23, 2.15</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 3.67, 1.31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.46, 0.90 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.14 and 3.88% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">had mean range of values of 1.36 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μg/g respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that consumption of the fruit samples (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.展开更多
<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i>&l...<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 -</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">would</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> be derived from consuming</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the investigated fruit samples ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.展开更多
1 Introduction Massive tungsten-tin,rare and rare earth metals ore deposits were formed with the widespread granite magmatic activity in early Yanshanian period in the eastern Nanling region.Recent studies indicate th...1 Introduction Massive tungsten-tin,rare and rare earth metals ore deposits were formed with the widespread granite magmatic activity in early Yanshanian period in the eastern Nanling region.Recent studies indicate that the Yanshanian highly differentiated-granite formation is closely related to the deposits of tungsten and tin,rare and rare earth metals mineralization in the展开更多
AIM:To investigate the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection among the healthy asymptomatic population in Iran and countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.METHODS:A computerized English language...AIM:To investigate the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection among the healthy asymptomatic population in Iran and countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.METHODS:A computerized English language literature search of Pub Med,ISI Web of Science,Scopus,and Google Scholar was performed in September 2013.The terms,"Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office(EMRO)"and"Helicobacter pylori","H.pylori"and"prevalence"were used as key words in titles and/or abstracts.A complementary literature search was also performed in the following countries:Afghanistan,Bahrain,Djibouti,Egypt,Iran,Iraq,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Libya,Morocco,Oman,Pakistan,Palestine,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,Somalia,Sudan,Syria,Tunisia,The United Arab Emirates,and Yemen.RESULTS:In the electronic search,a total of 308 articles were initially identified.Of these articles,26 relevant articles were identified and included in the study.There were 10 studies from Iran,5 studies from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,4 studies from Egypt,2 from the United Arab Emirates,and one study from Libya,Oman,Tunisia,and Lebanon,respectively.The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection in Iran,irrespective of time and age group,ranged from 30.6%to 82%.The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection,irrespective of time and age group,in other EMRO countries ranged from 22%to 87.6%.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of H.pylori in EMRO countries is still high in the healthy asymptomatic population.Strategies to improve sanitary facilities,educational status,and socioeconomic status should be implemented to minimize H.pylori infection.展开更多
Eastern Black Sea Region in northeastern part of Turkey has the highest precipitation total in the country, approaching 2500 mm per a year. It is therefore an important region as it frequently encounters with flash fl...Eastern Black Sea Region in northeastern part of Turkey has the highest precipitation total in the country, approaching 2500 mm per a year. It is therefore an important region as it frequently encounters with flash floods due to heavy rains. For future planning of water resources, environment and urbanization, it is important to know the expected behavior of hydrometeorological processes, mainly precipitation and flow. Due to these facts, in this study, homogeneity of long-term annual precipitation and streamflow series of the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey is checked using double mass curve method and trends are determined by means of the Mann-Kendall test. The data network consists of 38 precipitation gauging stations and 40 flow gauging stations across the Eastern Black Sea Region. It is found that 27 precipitation stations out of 38 are homogeneous and no trend is available. Out of the remaining stations, nine are found non-homogeneous and four with trend. For annual flow data, it is found that 22 stations out of 40 are homogeneous and no trend is available. The remaining 18 stations are found non-homogeneous, among which 5 stations have trend at the same time.展开更多
The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Ma...The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.展开更多
This paper adopts the comprehensive index method to build environmental regulation intensity index. Based on "Porter Hypothesis", it empirically examines the relationship between environmental regulation int...This paper adopts the comprehensive index method to build environmental regulation intensity index. Based on "Porter Hypothesis", it empirically examines the relationship between environmental regulation intensity and regional technology innovation using the eastern and mid-China region's provincial panel data from 2005 to 2013 and panel data method. The results show that:(1) In the eastern and central regions, the relationship between the intensity of environmental regulation and technological innovation presents a "U" shape, and "Porter Hypothesis" can be verifi ed;(2) The eastern region can break "U" infl ection point earlier than the central region. Therefore, the government should not only strengthen the intensity of environmental regulation, but also pay attention to environmental regulation form, formulate reasonable environmental regulation policy, actively guide the enterprises to seek out technology innovation in order to realize win-win situation of environmental protection and economic development.展开更多
In summer, water vapor over the eastern China monsoon region(ECMR) comes mainly from low latitudes and is modulated by tropical cyclone(TC) activity in East Asia(EA). This study examines the variability of water vapor...In summer, water vapor over the eastern China monsoon region(ECMR) comes mainly from low latitudes and is modulated by tropical cyclone(TC) activity in East Asia(EA). This study examines the variability of water vapor transport over the ECMR, especially of the moisture inflow via the southern and eastern boundaries. The results of composite and correlation analyses, using data from 1979 to 2010, reveal significant differences in moisture budgets along the boundaries between TC days and non-TC days. Almost 80% of the water vapor transport via the eastern boundary occurs during TC days, while at the southern boundary most inflow occurs on non-TC days. The ratio of the total water vapor transport between TC and non-TC days is about 4:6. In addition, the El Nio–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a remarkable influence on moisture transport over EA and the contributions of moisture inflow on TC days increase(reduce) in El Nio(La Nia) years. Moreover,different types of TCs, based on their tracks, have different effects on the moisture budgets along the southern and eastern boundaries. When TCs enter EA(but not the ECMR), they favor the moisture inflow via the eastern boundary and hinder the moisture inflow via the southern boundary. After TCs enter the ECMR, the inhibition of moisture inflow via the southern boundary will be weakened, and more water vapor can be brought into the ECMR. For some recurving TCs with an increase in TC activity in the midlatitudes, the influence is uncertain in different cases. The results herein suggest that TC activity is an important factor that influences the boundary moisture budgets in the ECMR.展开更多
Based on hourly rainfall observational data from 442 stations during 1960–2014, a regional frequency analysis of the annual maxima(AM) sub-daily rainfall series(1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-h rainfall, using a moving ...Based on hourly rainfall observational data from 442 stations during 1960–2014, a regional frequency analysis of the annual maxima(AM) sub-daily rainfall series(1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-h rainfall, using a moving window approach) for eastern China was conducted. Eastern China was divided into 13 homogeneous regions: Northeast(NE1, NE2), Central(C), Central North(CN1, CN2), Central East(CE1, CE2, CE3), Southeast(SE1, SE2, SE3, SE4), and Southwest(SW).The generalized extreme value performed best for the AM series in regions NE, C, CN2, CE1, CE2, SE2, and SW, and the generalized logistic distribution was appropriate in the other regions. Maximum return levels were in the SE4 region, with value ranges of 80–270 mm(1-h to 24-h rainfall) and 108–390 mm(1-h to 24-h rainfall) for 20- and 100 yr, respectively.Minimum return levels were in the CN1 and NE1 regions, with values of 37–104 mm and 53–140 mm for 20 and 100 yr,respectively. Comparing return levels using the optimal and commonly used Pearson-III distribution, the mean return-level differences in eastern China for 1–24-h rainfall varied from-3–4 mm to-23–11 mm(-10%–10%) for 20-yr events, reaching-6–26 mm(-10%–30%) and-10–133 mm(-10%–90%) for 100-yr events. In view of the large differences in estimated return levels, more attention should be given to frequency analysis of sub-daily rainfall over China, for improved water management and disaster reduction.展开更多
Maternal and child nutrition is critical for child health and survival. Appropriate feeding practices are of fundamental importance for health, nutrition, survival and development of infants and children. In pastoral ...Maternal and child nutrition is critical for child health and survival. Appropriate feeding practices are of fundamental importance for health, nutrition, survival and development of infants and children. In pastoral areas of Ethiopia, barriers related to cultu</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">re</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, knowledge, social norms, beliefs, behaviors, decision making in the household and burden of other responsibilities contribute to nutritional status of women and children to deteriorate. Policies and strategies are recommending assessment of barriers for designing programs and interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition practices. This study is aimed to assess barriers of optimal maternal and child feeding practices in Pastoralist areas of Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A q</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ualitative community based research method was used involving 17 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with mothers, grandmothers, health professionals and religious leaders from three districts. Data from FGDs and interviews were transcribed and coded. The agreed upon codes were synthe</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sized and grouped into exhaustive categories. The categories were then merged</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> into themes representing the most common barriers on maternal and child feeding practice that emerged from the FGDs and interviews</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We found that traditional beliefs, myths, culture custodian influence, low accessibility and availability of nutritional foods, pattern and burden of other responsibilities, poor knowledge and health seeking behavior, perceived milk insufficiency as main barriers for optimal maternal and child feeding practices</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Barriers on optimal maternal and child feeding are very common in the study areas. More work needs to be done to strengthen community-based nutrition with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">strong social behavioral change communication with emphasis on age-specific</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> counselling on maternal and child nutrition at health facilities, during antenatal and early postnatal visits in the study areas through different media channels, particularly, Somali Region TV and FMs to promote optimal nutrition in the region.展开更多
The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.T...The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,展开更多
The main objective of this study is to simulate the potential vegetation types on the basis of environmental parameters.The paper took Barkam County in a mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau as the study ...The main objective of this study is to simulate the potential vegetation types on the basis of environmental parameters.The paper took Barkam County in a mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau as the study area.The vegetation distribution was mapped in 1994 and 2007 based on TM remote sensing images by object-oriented interpretation method.We overlaid the two maps to find out the vegetation patches which have not changed,and took them as stable types.Fifty per cent of the stable patches were randomly sampled to operate the logistic regression with related environmental parameters;others were used as test data of simulated results.Seven environmental parameters were mapped,including elevation,slope,aspect,surface curvature,solar radiation,temperature and precipitation,based on DEM data and meteorological site data by GIS technology.The relationship between the spatial distribution of vegetation and environmental variables were quantified by logistic regression.The distribution probabilities of each vegetation type were calculated.Finally,the spatial distribution of potential vegetation was simulated.This research can provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in this area.展开更多
The Wenchuan earthquake has altered the crustal motion characteristics in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions.Using discontinuous GPS survey data for 2008–2012, the velocity field for the E...The Wenchuan earthquake has altered the crustal motion characteristics in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions.Using discontinuous GPS survey data for 2008–2012, the velocity field for the Eurasia reference framework has been obtained, and the general trend of contemporary crustal motion after the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake has been studied.In addition, using the velocity field, the block movement velocity has been estimated by least-squares fitting.Furthermore, the properties and displacement rates of main faults have been obtained from the differences in velocity vectors of the blocks on both sides of the faults.The results reveal that there are no obvious changes in the general characteristics of crustal motion in this area after the Wenchuan earthquake.The earthquake mainly changed the rate of the movement of the Chuan-Qing block and caused variation in the movement direction of the South China block.The effect of the earthquake on faults is mainly reflected in variations in fault displacement velocity; there is no fundamental change in the properties of fault activity.The displacement rates of the Xianshuihe fault decreased by 3–4 mm/a, the Longmenshan fault increased by 9–10 mm/a, and the northern segment of the Anninghe fault increased by approximately 9 mm/a.Furthermore, the displacement rates of the Minjiang, Xueshan, Huya, Longquanshan, and Xinjin faults increased by 2–3 mm/a.This implies that the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on crustal movement can mainly be observed in the Chuan-Qing, South China, and N-Chuan-Dian blocks and their internal faults, as well as the Xianshuihe and Longmenshan faults and the northern section of the Anninghe fault.The reason for this is that the Wenchuan earthquake disturbed the kinematic and dynamic balance in the region.展开更多
A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NO_x emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that...A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NO_x emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O_3, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O_3 concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O_3 concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NO_x, and O_3 induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O_3, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.展开更多
文摘Building Construction employees essentially required sufficient welfare facilities such as a place for washing, shower, change over, eat and drink, a place to store and hang clothing. Yet, these fundamental necessities are regularly dis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">regarded. Decent welfare facilities can absolutely promote health and well-being</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and can aid to avert contracting diseases at building construction site. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of welfare facilities on building construction workers performance in the Eastern </span><a name="_Hlk47637831"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Region Ghana. The objec</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tives were to identify welfare facilities provided by building construction firms,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> evaluate the satisfaction level of building construction firms’ employees with welfare facilities in Eastern Region, and determine the relationship between provision of welfare facilities and employee’s performance. The study employed convenient sample to investigate 80 building construction employees through questionnaires administration. Data generated from the survey was further analyzed using SPSS, weighted mean formula was used to determine the mean ranking, and descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean score, percentages, frequencies and chi square were used. The study reveals that the extent of welfare facilities at various construction sites was almost unavailability of sanitary and toilet facilities, unavailability of washing facilities, and unavailability of changing room, whiles drinking water and locker facilities were available but not sufficient. The study further finds that construction employees are dissatisfied with the condition of welfare facilities provided at their various work places. The study finally concludes that if workers are provided with decent welfare facilities at various building construction sites, it will motivate them to improve performance. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><a name="_Hlk47637831"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The study recommends that</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> metropolitan, municipal and district authority (MMDAs) should set a task force to check the implementation of welfare facilities at construction site as the results are pointing woeful insufficiency of welfare facilities at Eastern Region construction firms in Ghana.
文摘A geophysical survey including Magnetotelluric sounding(MT), gravity and geomagnetism was carried out in eastern region of Qinghai—Tibet plateau in 1998. It is to be known from tectonic map that study area was divided into four blocks by three large sutures, but we have very little information on deep\|seated structure which have close relationship with evolution of Tibet plateau, our purpose is to find some deep crustal structure evidences of the blocks and sutures for understanding deep tectonic feature in this region. The geophysical survey region is located in about 97～98°E and 35～26°N, the profile with the length of 760km runs through Bayanhar, Qingtang and Gandise block in NS direction, 349 gravity and geomagnetic data were acquired simultaneously, and 31 MT sites are be placed along the profile with about 18km\|interval to detect electrical conductive feature.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the proximate and mineral composition of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sativus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively, following standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The mineral elements (Na, K, Zn and Ca) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples while the proximate parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ash content, moisture content, crude fibre content, crude protein content, crude fat content and carbohydrate content) were determined in accordance with standard analytical procedures. The mean range of the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples grown in the North Central and South Eastern regions of Nigeria were 72</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">49</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> -</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 88</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23, 2.15</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 3.67, 1.31</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- 1.85, 0.43 - 0.76, 0.51 - 0.84 and 3.18% - 5.72% respectively. Additionally, the moisture, crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria, had mean range of values of 93.60 - 98.76, 0.53 - 0.77, 2.14 - 2.84, 0.29 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.46, 0.90 </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1.14 and 3.88% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.66% respectively. The range of mean values of Na, K, Zn and Ca in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria were 0.36 - 0.57, 1.92 - 2.80, 0.84 - 1.01 and 0.43 - 0.61 μg/g respectively. Also, Na, K, Zn and Ca</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">had mean range of values of 1.36 </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.08, 10.16 - 13.09, 0.45 - 0.66 and 5.85 - 9.3</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">μg/g respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions in Nigeria. The levels of the determined proximate of parameters</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and mineral elements in the studied fruit samples from the investigated regions of Nigeria were statistically significant. This therefore indicates that the geographical locations where these fruit samples grew could have significantly impacted on their nutrient content levels. The levels of the determined proximate</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">parameters from the selected regions of Nigeria show</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that consumption of the fruit samples (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.)</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">especially regularly, would help supply the essential nutrients and minerals required for a healthy living.
文摘<span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Studies were carried out to comparatively assess the phytochemical and heavy metal levels in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucumis sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples grown in the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria respectively using standard analytical procedures and instrumentation. The fruit samples were assayed for selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cu) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after wet digestion of the samples. The five detected phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) were present at varying amounts in the investigated fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. The range of mean values of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.50 - 0.57, 0.53 - 1.26, 0.44 - 0.78, 1.12 - 1.93 and 0.40 - 0.50 mg/g respectively. The range of mean values of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria were 1.27 - 1.69, 0.53 - 0.55, 0.96 - 1.51, 0.41 - 0.83 and 0.90 - 1.74 mg/g respectively. The range of mean vales of Pb, Cd, and Cu in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. aethiopicum </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the two studied regions were 0.15 - 0.24, 0 - 0.01, 0.78 - 1.12 μg/g respectively. 0.31 - 0.40, 0.02 - 0.05 and 0.62 -</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.96 μg/g were the range of mean values of Pb, Cd and Cu</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span><i> </i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fruit samples from the two studied regions of Nigeria. Of the three investigated heavy metals, only Cd was at toxic levels in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. sativus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L. fruit samples from the South Eastern and North Central regions of Nigeria. This is therefore a health concern to the fruit consumers that includes these fruits in their habitual daily fruit diets. Although the therapeutic and pharmaceutical benefits that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">would</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> be derived from consuming</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the investigated fruit samples ha</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> been shown in this study, there is therefore a possible risk of undue exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal, especially through growing these fruits in polluted soils resulting from unwholesome anthropogenic practices. For fruit consumers to derive maximum health benefits from consuming these fruits, pollutants like heavy metals must be at non-toxic levels and this can only be achieved by ensuring that these fruits samples are grown and harvested in environments with less anthropogenic activities.
基金supported by CGS grants(Item Number: 121201053303, 1212010881305, 1212011120811 and 1212011402450)
文摘1 Introduction Massive tungsten-tin,rare and rare earth metals ore deposits were formed with the widespread granite magmatic activity in early Yanshanian period in the eastern Nanling region.Recent studies indicate that the Yanshanian highly differentiated-granite formation is closely related to the deposits of tungsten and tin,rare and rare earth metals mineralization in the
文摘AIM:To investigate the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection among the healthy asymptomatic population in Iran and countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.METHODS:A computerized English language literature search of Pub Med,ISI Web of Science,Scopus,and Google Scholar was performed in September 2013.The terms,"Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office(EMRO)"and"Helicobacter pylori","H.pylori"and"prevalence"were used as key words in titles and/or abstracts.A complementary literature search was also performed in the following countries:Afghanistan,Bahrain,Djibouti,Egypt,Iran,Iraq,Jordan,Kuwait,Lebanon,Libya,Morocco,Oman,Pakistan,Palestine,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,Somalia,Sudan,Syria,Tunisia,The United Arab Emirates,and Yemen.RESULTS:In the electronic search,a total of 308 articles were initially identified.Of these articles,26 relevant articles were identified and included in the study.There were 10 studies from Iran,5 studies from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,4 studies from Egypt,2 from the United Arab Emirates,and one study from Libya,Oman,Tunisia,and Lebanon,respectively.The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection in Iran,irrespective of time and age group,ranged from 30.6%to 82%.The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection,irrespective of time and age group,in other EMRO countries ranged from 22%to 87.6%.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of H.pylori in EMRO countries is still high in the healthy asymptomatic population.Strategies to improve sanitary facilities,educational status,and socioeconomic status should be implemented to minimize H.pylori infection.
文摘Eastern Black Sea Region in northeastern part of Turkey has the highest precipitation total in the country, approaching 2500 mm per a year. It is therefore an important region as it frequently encounters with flash floods due to heavy rains. For future planning of water resources, environment and urbanization, it is important to know the expected behavior of hydrometeorological processes, mainly precipitation and flow. Due to these facts, in this study, homogeneity of long-term annual precipitation and streamflow series of the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey is checked using double mass curve method and trends are determined by means of the Mann-Kendall test. The data network consists of 38 precipitation gauging stations and 40 flow gauging stations across the Eastern Black Sea Region. It is found that 27 precipitation stations out of 38 are homogeneous and no trend is available. Out of the remaining stations, nine are found non-homogeneous and four with trend. For annual flow data, it is found that 22 stations out of 40 are homogeneous and no trend is available. The remaining 18 stations are found non-homogeneous, among which 5 stations have trend at the same time.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No 40876033the foundation of Geological Investigation Bureau of China under contract No HY126-03
文摘The geological-geophysical map series of the eastern China seas and adjacent region (1:1 000 000) will be published in the late half year of 2009. The regional tectonic map is one of the main professional maps. The Mapping methods, the division method of geological tectonic units and the main geological tectonic units are mainly discussed. The strata from Pliocene to Holocene are peeled off so as to display the Pre-Pliocene structures. In basins, isopaches are drawn for the Cenozoic deposits. The plate tectonic theory and present tectonic pattern are adopted as the priorities in tectonic division. As to the division of intraplate tectonic units, it is a revision, complement and improvement of previous dividing systems, and the nomenclature for each tectonic unit follows the current system in China. The first-order tectonic unit is plate (Pacific Plate, Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate). The second-order tectonic unit is tectonic domain (East Asian continental tectonic domain,East Asian continental margin tectonic domain and west Pacific tectonic domain). The Philippine Sea Plate and the west part of the Pacific Plate are called the West Pacific tectonic domain. The part of the Eurasian Plate involved in this study area can be further divided into East Asian continental tectonic domain and East Asian continental margin tectonic domain. The East Asian continental margin domain is composed of the Ryukyu island arc, the Okinawa Trough back-arc basin and the back-arc basin of Sea of Japan. The East Asian continental tectonic domain in this study area is composed of the Sino-Korea Massif, the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Massif and South China Massif. In turn, these massifs consist of basins, folded belts or uplift zones. The basins,the folded belts or the uplift zones are further divided into uplifts and depressions made up of sags and swells.
文摘This paper adopts the comprehensive index method to build environmental regulation intensity index. Based on "Porter Hypothesis", it empirically examines the relationship between environmental regulation intensity and regional technology innovation using the eastern and mid-China region's provincial panel data from 2005 to 2013 and panel data method. The results show that:(1) In the eastern and central regions, the relationship between the intensity of environmental regulation and technological innovation presents a "U" shape, and "Porter Hypothesis" can be verifi ed;(2) The eastern region can break "U" infl ection point earlier than the central region. Therefore, the government should not only strengthen the intensity of environmental regulation, but also pay attention to environmental regulation form, formulate reasonable environmental regulation policy, actively guide the enterprises to seek out technology innovation in order to realize win-win situation of environmental protection and economic development.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Projects of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFA0600601 and 2014CB953901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41375096)
文摘In summer, water vapor over the eastern China monsoon region(ECMR) comes mainly from low latitudes and is modulated by tropical cyclone(TC) activity in East Asia(EA). This study examines the variability of water vapor transport over the ECMR, especially of the moisture inflow via the southern and eastern boundaries. The results of composite and correlation analyses, using data from 1979 to 2010, reveal significant differences in moisture budgets along the boundaries between TC days and non-TC days. Almost 80% of the water vapor transport via the eastern boundary occurs during TC days, while at the southern boundary most inflow occurs on non-TC days. The ratio of the total water vapor transport between TC and non-TC days is about 4:6. In addition, the El Nio–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a remarkable influence on moisture transport over EA and the contributions of moisture inflow on TC days increase(reduce) in El Nio(La Nia) years. Moreover,different types of TCs, based on their tracks, have different effects on the moisture budgets along the southern and eastern boundaries. When TCs enter EA(but not the ECMR), they favor the moisture inflow via the eastern boundary and hinder the moisture inflow via the southern boundary. After TCs enter the ECMR, the inhibition of moisture inflow via the southern boundary will be weakened, and more water vapor can be brought into the ECMR. For some recurving TCs with an increase in TC activity in the midlatitudes, the influence is uncertain in different cases. The results herein suggest that TC activity is an important factor that influences the boundary moisture budgets in the ECMR.
基金supported by the National Basic Research(973)Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB430205 and 2012CB955903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41171406,41375099,41561124014 and 91337108)
文摘Based on hourly rainfall observational data from 442 stations during 1960–2014, a regional frequency analysis of the annual maxima(AM) sub-daily rainfall series(1-, 2-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-h rainfall, using a moving window approach) for eastern China was conducted. Eastern China was divided into 13 homogeneous regions: Northeast(NE1, NE2), Central(C), Central North(CN1, CN2), Central East(CE1, CE2, CE3), Southeast(SE1, SE2, SE3, SE4), and Southwest(SW).The generalized extreme value performed best for the AM series in regions NE, C, CN2, CE1, CE2, SE2, and SW, and the generalized logistic distribution was appropriate in the other regions. Maximum return levels were in the SE4 region, with value ranges of 80–270 mm(1-h to 24-h rainfall) and 108–390 mm(1-h to 24-h rainfall) for 20- and 100 yr, respectively.Minimum return levels were in the CN1 and NE1 regions, with values of 37–104 mm and 53–140 mm for 20 and 100 yr,respectively. Comparing return levels using the optimal and commonly used Pearson-III distribution, the mean return-level differences in eastern China for 1–24-h rainfall varied from-3–4 mm to-23–11 mm(-10%–10%) for 20-yr events, reaching-6–26 mm(-10%–30%) and-10–133 mm(-10%–90%) for 100-yr events. In view of the large differences in estimated return levels, more attention should be given to frequency analysis of sub-daily rainfall over China, for improved water management and disaster reduction.
文摘Maternal and child nutrition is critical for child health and survival. Appropriate feeding practices are of fundamental importance for health, nutrition, survival and development of infants and children. In pastoral areas of Ethiopia, barriers related to cultu</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">re</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, knowledge, social norms, beliefs, behaviors, decision making in the household and burden of other responsibilities contribute to nutritional status of women and children to deteriorate. Policies and strategies are recommending assessment of barriers for designing programs and interventions to improve maternal and child nutrition practices. This study is aimed to assess barriers of optimal maternal and child feeding practices in Pastoralist areas of Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A q</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ualitative community based research method was used involving 17 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with mothers, grandmothers, health professionals and religious leaders from three districts. Data from FGDs and interviews were transcribed and coded. The agreed upon codes were synthe</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sized and grouped into exhaustive categories. The categories were then merged</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> into themes representing the most common barriers on maternal and child feeding practice that emerged from the FGDs and interviews</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">We found that traditional beliefs, myths, culture custodian influence, low accessibility and availability of nutritional foods, pattern and burden of other responsibilities, poor knowledge and health seeking behavior, perceived milk insufficiency as main barriers for optimal maternal and child feeding practices</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Barriers on optimal maternal and child feeding are very common in the study areas. More work needs to be done to strengthen community-based nutrition with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">strong social behavioral change communication with emphasis on age-specific</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> counselling on maternal and child nutrition at health facilities, during antenatal and early postnatal visits in the study areas through different media channels, particularly, Somali Region TV and FMs to promote optimal nutrition in the region.
文摘The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,
基金The National Key Technology Research and Development ProgramExternal Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number GJHZ0954]+1 种基金National Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2005CB422006]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 40901057]
文摘The main objective of this study is to simulate the potential vegetation types on the basis of environmental parameters.The paper took Barkam County in a mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau as the study area.The vegetation distribution was mapped in 1994 and 2007 based on TM remote sensing images by object-oriented interpretation method.We overlaid the two maps to find out the vegetation patches which have not changed,and took them as stable types.Fifty per cent of the stable patches were randomly sampled to operate the logistic regression with related environmental parameters;others were used as test data of simulated results.Seven environmental parameters were mapped,including elevation,slope,aspect,surface curvature,solar radiation,temperature and precipitation,based on DEM data and meteorological site data by GIS technology.The relationship between the spatial distribution of vegetation and environmental variables were quantified by logistic regression.The distribution probabilities of each vegetation type were calculated.Finally,the spatial distribution of potential vegetation was simulated.This research can provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in this area.
基金supported by a geological survey project of the China Geological Survey (No.1212011140013, No.12120113009800)
文摘The Wenchuan earthquake has altered the crustal motion characteristics in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions.Using discontinuous GPS survey data for 2008–2012, the velocity field for the Eurasia reference framework has been obtained, and the general trend of contemporary crustal motion after the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake has been studied.In addition, using the velocity field, the block movement velocity has been estimated by least-squares fitting.Furthermore, the properties and displacement rates of main faults have been obtained from the differences in velocity vectors of the blocks on both sides of the faults.The results reveal that there are no obvious changes in the general characteristics of crustal motion in this area after the Wenchuan earthquake.The earthquake mainly changed the rate of the movement of the Chuan-Qing block and caused variation in the movement direction of the South China block.The effect of the earthquake on faults is mainly reflected in variations in fault displacement velocity; there is no fundamental change in the properties of fault activity.The displacement rates of the Xianshuihe fault decreased by 3–4 mm/a, the Longmenshan fault increased by 9–10 mm/a, and the northern segment of the Anninghe fault increased by approximately 9 mm/a.Furthermore, the displacement rates of the Minjiang, Xueshan, Huya, Longquanshan, and Xinjin faults increased by 2–3 mm/a.This implies that the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake on crustal movement can mainly be observed in the Chuan-Qing, South China, and N-Chuan-Dian blocks and their internal faults, as well as the Xianshuihe and Longmenshan faults and the northern section of the Anninghe fault.The reason for this is that the Wenchuan earthquake disturbed the kinematic and dynamic balance in the region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.90411009 and 40633015 supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program)(2010CB428600)
文摘A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NO_x emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O_3, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O_3 concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O_3 concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NO_x, and O_3 induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O_3, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.
