Background:Egg production is economically important in the meat-type chicken industry.To better understand the molecular genetic mechanism of egg production in meat-type chicken,genetic parameter estimation,genome-wid...Background:Egg production is economically important in the meat-type chicken industry.To better understand the molecular genetic mechanism of egg production in meat-type chicken,genetic parameter estimation,genome-wide association analyses combined with meta-analyses,Bayesian analyses,and selective sweep analyses were performed to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and other genetic loci that were significantly associated with egg number traits in 11,279 chickens from seven material lines.Results:Yellow-feathered meat-type chickens laid 115 eggs at 43 weeks of age and white-feathered chickens laid 143 eggs at 60 weeks of age,with heritability ranging from 0.034–0.258.Based on meta-analyses and selective sweep analyses,one region(10.81–13.05 Mb)on chromosome Z was associated with egg number in all lines.Further analyses using the W2 line was also associated with the same region,and 29 SNPs were identified that significantly affected estimation of breeding value of egg numbers.The 29 SNPs were identified as having a significant effect on the egg number EBV in 3194 birds in line W2.There are 36 genes in the region,with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor,DAB adaptor protein 2,protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1,NAD kinase 2,mitochondrial,WD repeat domain 70,leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha,complement C6,and complement C7 identified as being potentially affecting to egg number.In addition,three SNPs(rs318154184,rs13769886,and rs313325646)associated with egg number were located on or near the prolactin receptor gene.Conclusion:Our study used genomic information from different chicken lines and populations to identify a genomic region(spanning 2.24 Mb)associated with egg number.Nine genes and 29 SNPs were identified as the most likely candidate genes and variations for egg production.These results contribute to the identification of candidate genes and variants for egg traits in poultry.展开更多
Ancestors of the modern chicken were domesticated from members of the Gallus genus probably 7 to 8 thousand years ago in southeastern Asia. Subsequently, they spread globally for meat and egg production. In the chicke...Ancestors of the modern chicken were domesticated from members of the Gallus genus probably 7 to 8 thousand years ago in southeastern Asia. Subsequently, they spread globally for meat and egg production. In the chicken egg, there is a balance of numerous, high-quality nutrients, many of which are highly bioavailable. The egg confers a multitude of health benefits to consumers emphasizing its classification as a functional food. Current global per capita egg consumption estimates approach 9 kg annually but vary greatly on a regional basis. This review deals with global production, consumption, and management aspects such as hygiene, feeding, and housing. Management aspects play key roles in the composition, quality, food safety, and visual (consumer) appeal of the egg. Also the manipulation of egg nutrients and value for human health is discussed.展开更多
Anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH)acts in maintaining orderly cyclic recruitment of early follicles,suggesting that it is a promising can didate for in flue ncing an imal reproductive efficiency.This study aimed to elucidate...Anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH)acts in maintaining orderly cyclic recruitment of early follicles,suggesting that it is a promising can didate for in flue ncing an imal reproductive efficiency.This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a missense mutati on of Val566lle on the structure of AMH protein and the genetic association of Val566lle and AMH expression with egg production in chickens.Structural perturbations of Val566lle were predicted by homology modeling.The association of the variant with the number of eggs was tested using a quantitative trait transmission disequilibrium test model.AMH expression in granulosa cells in Lueyang black-boned chickens was compared with that in Nick chickens.The Vai566 of AMH is a non?conservative amino acid among mammals and birds,but its hydrophobicity is completely conservative.The substitution of Vai566 for lie566 pote ntially disrupted hydroge n bonds and solve nt accessibility of 22 residues and created a short a-helix in the C terminus of AMH.Despite having striking structure-disrupting potential,the variant was not statistically associated with the number of eggs(P>0.05)in the Lueyang black-boned chickens.We did not detect differential expression of AMH betwee n Lueya ng black-b oned chicke ns and Nick chickens(P>0.05).These results con firmed the structural impact of Val566lle,but suggested that Val566lle and AMH expression might not be the major genetic determinants for egg production in Lueyang black-boned chickens.展开更多
A study was conducted to compare laying performance, fertility, hatchability, and egg quality of guinea fowl (GF) with Horro (HR) and Tilili (TL) local chicken and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) exotic chicken. Forty five...A study was conducted to compare laying performance, fertility, hatchability, and egg quality of guinea fowl (GF) with Horro (HR) and Tilili (TL) local chicken and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) exotic chicken. Forty five layers from each genotype and 6 cocks from each chicken genotype and 9 cocks from GF were used in 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Commercial layer feed was used ad libitum for the study that lasted 29 weeks. Daily DM intake per hen was 85, 114, 103 and 137 g (SEM = 3.1) for GF, HR, TL and PK, respectively, and was in the order of GF < TL < HR < PK. Final body weight of hens was highest for PK (2490 g), intermediate for HR (1983 g) and lowest for TL (1671 g) and GF (1641 g). Egg number per production week followed a similar trend like that of DM intake and was 71, 101, 75 and 121 (SEM = 0.5) for GF, HR, TL and PK, respectively. Both fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs for GF were 57%, which were lower than the mean of chicken genotypes by 41% and 34%, respectively. Embryonic mortality was higher for GF (early, middle and late was 15.8%, 10.0%. and 17.4% respectively) compared to chicken genotypes. Chick weight was highest for PK, intermediate for HR and TL and lowest for GF;while chick length was in the order of PK > HR > TL > GF. Average egg weight was higher for PK eggs (46.4 g), intermediate for HR (43.5 g) and TL (42.3 g), and lowest for GF (35.9 g). Eggshell weight and thickness were higher for GF than chicken genotypes. Haugh unit was similar among genotypes. Such differences among poultry genotypes could be reflection of previous selection and breeding interventions, which are apparently more in chicken genotypes than GF. A possible more stressful condition of the confined environment for GF versus chicken genotypes could have also contributed to such differences. This study highlighted the need of implementing future selection and breeding schemes to improve the performance of GF and TL birds to the level achieved by other genotypes.展开更多
Indigenous chicken products are increasingly favored by consumers due to their unique meat and egg quality.However,the relatively poor egg-laying performance largely impacts the economic benefits and hinders sustainab...Indigenous chicken products are increasingly favored by consumers due to their unique meat and egg quality.However,the relatively poor egg-laying performance largely impacts the economic benefits and hinders sustainable development of the local chicken industry.Thus,excavating key genes and effective molecular markers associated with egg-laying performance is necessary to improve egg production via genetic selection in indigenous breeds.In the present study,comparative hypothalamic transcriptome between pre-laying(15 weeks old)and peak-laying(30 weeks old)Lushi blueshelled-egg(LBS)chicken was performed.A total of 518 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified.Among the DEGs,64 genes were enriched in 10 Gene Ontology(GO)terms associated with reproductive regulation via GO analysis and considered as potential candidate genes regulating egg-laying performance.Of the 64 genes,16 showed high connectivity(degree≥12)by protein–protein interaction(PPI)network analysis and were considered as potential core candidate genes(PCCGs).To further look for key candidate genes from the PCCGs,firstly,the expression patterns of the 16 genes were examined in the hypothalamus of two indigenous breeds(LBS and Gushi(GS)chickens)between the pre-laying and peak-laying stages using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Eleven out of the 16 genes showed significantly differential expression(P<0.05)with the same changing trends in the two breeds.Then,correlations between the expression levels of the above 11 genes and egg numbers and reproductive hormone concentrations in serum were investigated in high-yielding and low-yielding GS chickens.Of the 11 genes,eight showed significant correlations(P<0.05)between their expression levels and egg numbers,and between expression levels and reproductive hormone concentration in serum.Furthermore,an association study on single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)identified in these eight genes and egg production traits was carried out in 640 GS hens,and a significant association(P<0.05)between the SNPs and egg numbers was confirmed.In conclusion,the eight genes,including CNR1,AP2M1,NRXN1,ANXA5,PENK,SLC1A2,SNAP25 and TRH,were demonstrated as key genes regulating egg production in indigenous chickens,and the SNPs sites within the genes might be served as markers to provide a guide for indigenous chicken breeding.These findings provide a novel insight for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of egglaying performance and developing molecular markers to improve egg production of indigenous breeds.展开更多
Previous studies on mammals showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)played a prominent role in regulating muscle fiber type transition and composition.However,the role of P...Previous studies on mammals showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)played a prominent role in regulating muscle fiber type transition and composition.However,the role of PGC-1αin chicken muscle has seldom been explored.To investigate the effect of PGC-1αon chicken skeletal muscles in this study,the PGC-1αgene was overexpressed or silenced in chicken primary myoblasts by using lentivirus,and then the effects of the PGC-1αgene overexpression and knockdown on the mRNA expression profile of genes related to myofiber type specificity were examined during fiber formation.The results showed that overexpression of PGC-1αfrom proliferation to differentiation was accompanied by the up-regulated expression of Pax7,MyoD,and CnAα,which was significantly(P<0.01)increased after one day of transfection(1 I).The enhancement of MyoG,MEF2 c,and MyHC SM expression lagged,which was improved significantly(P<0.01)after four days of transfection(1 I3 D).Overexpression of PGC-1αdecreased(P<0.01)the MyHC FWM expression after four days of transfection(1 I3 D),and it had no significant impact(P>0.05)on the expression of CnB1,NFATc3,and MyHC FRM during myofiber formation.The effective silence(P<0.01)of PGC-1αby lentivirus mediating short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was detected after four days of transfection(1 I3 D)in cultures,and the lack of its function in chicken primary myoblasts significantly(P<0.01)down-regulated the expression of Pax7,MyoD,CnAα,MyoG,MEF2 c,and MyHC SM,significantly(P<0.01)up-regulated the expression of MyHC FWM,and had no significant impact(P>0.05)on the expression of CnB1,NFATc3,and MyHC FRM.These results indicated that the role of PGC-1αin regulating the fiber type specificity of chicken skeletal muscles might be similar to that in mammals,which interplayed with key genes related to myocyte differentiation and calcineurin signaling pathway.展开更多
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY be...Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.展开更多
Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor(GnRHR)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang(Chinese indigenous breed)chicken with restricton ...Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor(GnRHR)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang(Chinese indigenous breed)chicken with restricton fragment length polymorphisms.The associations of the SNPs with the total egg production(NE),average days of continual laying(ADCL),and number of double-yolked eggs(DYE)traits were analyzed.The frequency of restriction enzyme A/a alleles in the population was for GnRHR 0.69(Bpu1102ⅠA)and 0.31(Bpu1102Ⅰa)and for NPY 0.46(Dra ⅠB)and 0.54(DraⅠb).Trait data from a total of 120 hens,which were purebredintroduced from Hainan Province,China from one generation were recorded.Two significant effects of genes'marker were found:for GnRHR and number of eggs (dominant;t=2.67,df=116)and NPY and number of eggs(additive;t=1.97,df=116).The current research supports the effects of GnRHR and NPY genes on egg-laying traits of chickens.展开更多
In this study,PCR-RFLP technique was employed to detect the genetic polymorphism of NPY gene and analyze the effects of various genotypes on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age in 135 Donglan black-bone chicke...In this study,PCR-RFLP technique was employed to detect the genetic polymorphism of NPY gene and analyze the effects of various genotypes on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age in 135 Donglan black-bone chicken. According to the results,there were three genotypes( AA,AB and BB) of NPY gene in Donglan black-bone chicken group. Different genotypes exhibited significant effects( P < 0. 05) on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age. The total number of eggs at 300 days of age of AA genotype was significantly higher than that of BB genotype( P < 0. 05). Therefore,the polymorphic site of NPY gene could be used as a candidate molecular marker that affects egg laying in Donglan black-bone chicken.展开更多
Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.Methods:A total of 6572 layer chicken from 85 ...Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.Methods:A total of 6572 layer chicken from 85 commercial farms were subjected for the study,out of which 1715 showed various types of oviduct almoimalities.Among the 1715,264 birds from six farms were identified as egg peritonitis on the basis of postmortem examination.Trachea,lung,heart blood,liver,peritoneal exudate,oviduct(infundibulum,magnum,uterus)and cloacal swabs were collected from the 264 birds with egg peritonitis lesion for screening of bacterial agents.Signalment,clinical signs and pathological changes were recorded in the affected flocks.Result:The results of the present investigation indicated that the E.coli associated egg peritonitis was responsible for 15.39%of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 week of age.In the affected flocks egg production drop and mortality varied from 3%to 20%and 0.5%to 7.0%respectively.It was noticed during peak egg production(21 to 60week)and southwest monsoon season(58%).Statistical analysis of age,season and egg production by Chi square test of independence revealed highly significant difference.E.coli was isolated as a pure culture and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 226 and 38 birds respectively.Among the fifteen E.coli serotypes identified serotype O_(166),O_(?)and O_(111)were predominant.Necropsy examination of affected birds revealed the presence of amorphous or insipissiated yolk material in the abdominal cavity with inflammatory changes in the ovary,oviduct and intestine.Microscopically the oviduct surface epithelium showed degeneration and desquamation,moderate to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells especially heterophils and lymphocytes in various regions and lumen contained serofibrinous exudate,inflammatory and desquamated epithelial cells with bacterial microcolonies.Ovarian follicles revealed hyperemia,degeneration of granulosa cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Intestine showed degenerative,necrotic and inflammatory lesion.Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that the egg peritonitis might be caused by either the translocation of intestinal E.coli into the peritoneal cavity or by the movement of cloacal E.coli into the oviduct followed by ascension of these bacteria up the oviduct,through the infundibulum,and into the peritoneal cavity.To control the egg peritonitis faecal contamination with E.coli should be minimized.展开更多
Objective To explore the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) inprecontact sperm-egg communication and fertility of mice in vitro.Methods Firstly, sperm chemotaxis (SC) induced by uPA was assayed by measu...Objective To explore the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) inprecontact sperm-egg communication and fertility of mice in vitro.Methods Firstly, sperm chemotaxis (SC) induced by uPA was assayed by measuringthe sperm densities in capillaries with a descending gradient or no gradient of uPArespectively. Secondly, the role of uPAR that exists in sperm plasma membrane in SCwas studied by examining the change of sperm density in capillary after incubatingspermatozoa with anti-uPAR antibody. Thirdly, SC induced by eggs, which had beentreated with uPA, PAI-1 and anti-uPAR beforehand respectively, was assayed to studythe role of uPA in PSEC. Lastly, the fertilization capability of spermatozoa treated withuPA was examined by counting the number of fertilized eggs.Results 1)The density of spermatozoa that migrated down the gradient of uPA intothe capillary was significantly lower than that into the capillary containing no-gradientuPA. 2) When uPAR of spermatozoa was inhibited by anti-uPAR antibody, the densityof spermatozoa that migrated into the capillary with ascending gradient of uPAdecreased correspondingly. 3) The density of spermatozoa attracted by eggs, whichwere treated with uPA beforehand, increased significantly than that of attracted bynon-treated eggs. On the contrary, the sperm density decreased correspondingly whenthe egg was treated with PAI-1. 4) The number of fertilized eggs increased significantlyafter the spermatozoa used here was treated with uPA beforehand.Conclusion uPA could induce SC of mice sperm in vitro through the uPAR on itsmembrane, enhance the capability of egg inducing SC, and promote spermatozoa tofertilize eggs. Thus, uPA may act as an attractant in PSEC, increase the chance encounterof spermatozoa and eggs, therefore, enhance the fertility success correspondingly.This study, in some degree, provides an evidence that uPA may be used as a newmedicine and diagnostic reagent for male infertility.展开更多
The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), a...The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. A completely randomized design was used in the study. A total of 108 (18/genotype), 180 (30/genotype), and 90 (15/genotype) eggs were used for the sensory, composition, and egg quality tests, respectively. All data were analyzed following the GLM model using SAS software. The boiled and scrambled eggs from L, H, and C were (P ≤ 0.001) preferred followed by CH, HC, and KK. Results showed that KK, HC, CH, and C eggs were higher in moisture, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber, but these traits were found lower in H and L genotypes. A significantly highest crude protein was observed in L (21.19 ± 0.19) genotype, with higher in H (20.62 ± 0.26), intermediate in HC (19.96 ± 0.29), C (19.85 ± 0.10), and CH (19.40 ± 0.37), whereas the eggs from KK genotype had the lowest crude protein content (18.69 ± 0.20). The egg quality was (P = 0.001 - 0.01) affected across traits except for eggshell indices (P > 0.05). The genotypes with a negative significant correlation with crude protein had a positive significant correlation with almost all composition and egg external quality traits. The genotypes with positive significant correlations of egg weight had positive significant correlations with most internal egg quality traits except that of yolk weight ratio, yolk albumen ratio, and yolk color. Conclusively: the eggs of L, H, and C genotypes were best favored followed by CH and C, but the KK genotype was the least favored, and these differences were deemed due to genetic variations, and interventions. Furthermore, the eggs laid from genotypes with deep yellow yolk color might be the most nutritious. It could also necessitate future breeding and dietary studies.展开更多
In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, Gao et al.,1 in a report of increased ostial pulmonary vein diameter by multislice CT angiography reported a statistically significant enlargement of the pulmo... In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, Gao et al.,1 in a report of increased ostial pulmonary vein diameter by multislice CT angiography reported a statistically significant enlargement of the pulmonary veins in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This finding alone should not be of any surprise as anatomic remodeling and general dilation of the cardiac chambers are well described in patients with CHF.……展开更多
In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,the article of Yu, et al1 presents an intriguing issue in the field of hypertension treatment and pathophysiology.……
[Objective] To investigate the relationship between the egg production traits and broodiness of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens. [Method] Three chicken breeds,Shiqiza chickens(a breed preserved by Shandong Academ...[Objective] To investigate the relationship between the egg production traits and broodiness of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens. [Method] Three chicken breeds,Shiqiza chickens(a breed preserved by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ,Langya chickens(a local breed in Shandong Province) and Luqin B2 chickens(a cultivated breed) were selected. Then their broodiness traits were observed and the egg productions were analyzed. Finally,the relationships between the egg production traits and broodiness were analyzed by SAS software. [Result] The Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens were broody and their broodiness rate was 15.80%,2.24% and 6.95%,respectively. Compared with the non-broody chickens,the egg productions of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens were respectively decreased by 17.16%,1.53% and 10.8% at the age of 43 weeks. The three breeds had significant differences in repeats of broody cycles(P < 0.05) ,and extremely significant differences in the broodiness duration,the the first day of broodiness,the age at the first egg,total amount of abnormal eggs and amount of double-yolked eggs(P < 0.01) . [Conclusion] The broodiness is a main factor affecting egg production traits. The degree of effects of broodiness on egg production traits is decreased successively in Shiqiza chicken,Luqin B2 chicken and Langya chicken.展开更多
[Objective] In order to study incubation conditions of Tibetan chickens in low altitude areas. [Method]Eggs of Tibetan chicken were transported to low altitude areas in highland areas for artificial hatching. [Results...[Objective] In order to study incubation conditions of Tibetan chickens in low altitude areas. [Method]Eggs of Tibetan chicken were transported to low altitude areas in highland areas for artificial hatching. [Results] The results showed that the average hatching rate of fertilized eggs was 85. 33%; the average healthy chick rate was 91. 77 %; the average primary body mass was 31. 21 g. Hatching rate of eggs in group 2 was the highest,which reached 90. 52%,the average egg mass was 43. 25 g and the average egg shape index was 1. 32. Hatching rate of eggs in group 2 was 13. 11% and 2. 47% higher than that in group 1 and group 3 respectively,which was 5. 19% higher than the average value. Hatching rate and healthy chick rate of eggs in group 2 also showed the same trend. [Conclusion] High hatching effect could be obtained under the better hatching condition in low altitude areas in highland areas.展开更多
The mechanisms that regulate the specificity and maintenance of chicken muscle fiber types remain largely unknown. In mammals, CSRP3 has been shown to play a vital role in the maintenance of typical muscle structure a...The mechanisms that regulate the specificity and maintenance of chicken muscle fiber types remain largely unknown. In mammals, CSRP3 has been shown to play a vital role in the maintenance of typical muscle structure and function. This study investigated the role that CSRP3 plays in chicken skeletal muscle. First, the antibody against chicken CSRP3 protein was prepared, and the expression levels of the mRNA and protein of the CSRP3 gene in four chicken skeletal muscles with different myofiber compositions were compared. Then the effects of CSRP3 silencing on the expression profile of chicken myoblast transcriptomes were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of the mRNA and protein of the CSRP3 gene were both associated with the composition of fiber types in chicken skeletal muscles. A total of 650 genes with at least 1.5-fold differences(Q<0.05) were identified, of which 255 genes were upregulated and 395 genes were downregulated by CSRP3 silencing. Functional enrichment showed that several pathways, including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, adipocytokine signaling pathway and apelin signaling pathway, were significantly(P<0.05) enriched both in differentially expressed genes and all expressed genes. The co-expressed gene network suggested that CSRP3 silencing caused a compensatory upregulation(Q<0.05) of genes related to the assembly of myofibrils, muscle differentiation, and contraction. Meanwhile, two fast myosin heavy chain genes(MyH1B and MyH1E)were upregulated(Q<0.05) upon CSRP3 silencing. These results suggested that CSRP3 plays a crucial role in chicken myofiber composition, and affects the distribution of chicken myofiber types, probably by regulating the expression of MyH1B and MyH1E.展开更多
To improve egg production performance of local chicken breed in Guizhou Province,Libo Yaoshan chicken,with dopamine receptor 2( DRD2) as one of the candidate genes,we detected its genetic variation in 196 Libo Yaoshan...To improve egg production performance of local chicken breed in Guizhou Province,Libo Yaoshan chicken,with dopamine receptor 2( DRD2) as one of the candidate genes,we detected its genetic variation in 196 Libo Yaoshan hens using PCR-SSCP( single-strand conformation polymorphism) and sequencing method,and analyzed the correlation between genetic variation and egg production traits. The results showed that TT and TG genotypes in mRNA SNP962( C→T)loci of the DRD2 gene had extremely significant difference in egg production at 38 weeks age( P < 0. 01),and significant difference in egg weight at 300 days age( P <0. 05). The single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNPs) mutation induced synonymous mutation of the 312 thamino acids( leucine) in DRD2 protein,from L( CTG) to L( TTG). The mRNA SNP962( C→T) loci had a larger genetic effect on egg production at 38 weeks age,and could be used as a molecular marker in early breeding of Libo Yaoshan chicken.展开更多
基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2020B02022002)the Shandong Agricultural Seed Improvement Project(2020LZGC013)the Technological Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202005)。
文摘Background:Egg production is economically important in the meat-type chicken industry.To better understand the molecular genetic mechanism of egg production in meat-type chicken,genetic parameter estimation,genome-wide association analyses combined with meta-analyses,Bayesian analyses,and selective sweep analyses were performed to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and other genetic loci that were significantly associated with egg number traits in 11,279 chickens from seven material lines.Results:Yellow-feathered meat-type chickens laid 115 eggs at 43 weeks of age and white-feathered chickens laid 143 eggs at 60 weeks of age,with heritability ranging from 0.034–0.258.Based on meta-analyses and selective sweep analyses,one region(10.81–13.05 Mb)on chromosome Z was associated with egg number in all lines.Further analyses using the W2 line was also associated with the same region,and 29 SNPs were identified that significantly affected estimation of breeding value of egg numbers.The 29 SNPs were identified as having a significant effect on the egg number EBV in 3194 birds in line W2.There are 36 genes in the region,with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor,DAB adaptor protein 2,protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1,NAD kinase 2,mitochondrial,WD repeat domain 70,leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha,complement C6,and complement C7 identified as being potentially affecting to egg number.In addition,three SNPs(rs318154184,rs13769886,and rs313325646)associated with egg number were located on or near the prolactin receptor gene.Conclusion:Our study used genomic information from different chicken lines and populations to identify a genomic region(spanning 2.24 Mb)associated with egg number.Nine genes and 29 SNPs were identified as the most likely candidate genes and variations for egg production.These results contribute to the identification of candidate genes and variants for egg traits in poultry.
文摘Ancestors of the modern chicken were domesticated from members of the Gallus genus probably 7 to 8 thousand years ago in southeastern Asia. Subsequently, they spread globally for meat and egg production. In the chicken egg, there is a balance of numerous, high-quality nutrients, many of which are highly bioavailable. The egg confers a multitude of health benefits to consumers emphasizing its classification as a functional food. Current global per capita egg consumption estimates approach 9 kg annually but vary greatly on a regional basis. This review deals with global production, consumption, and management aspects such as hygiene, feeding, and housing. Management aspects play key roles in the composition, quality, food safety, and visual (consumer) appeal of the egg. Also the manipulation of egg nutrients and value for human health is discussed.
基金Supported by the National lqatural Science Foundation of China （21036005, 20876145）, the Science and Technology Cooperation Project between China-Europe Country＇s Governments from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （1017） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial （Y4080326）.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Provinee of China(2018JM3002),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2452019202)and the China Scholarship Council Scholarship(201906305010).The authors thank Chen Hang and Wang Peijie for collection of blood samples and egg production data.
文摘Anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH)acts in maintaining orderly cyclic recruitment of early follicles,suggesting that it is a promising can didate for in flue ncing an imal reproductive efficiency.This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a missense mutati on of Val566lle on the structure of AMH protein and the genetic association of Val566lle and AMH expression with egg production in chickens.Structural perturbations of Val566lle were predicted by homology modeling.The association of the variant with the number of eggs was tested using a quantitative trait transmission disequilibrium test model.AMH expression in granulosa cells in Lueyang black-boned chickens was compared with that in Nick chickens.The Vai566 of AMH is a non?conservative amino acid among mammals and birds,but its hydrophobicity is completely conservative.The substitution of Vai566 for lie566 pote ntially disrupted hydroge n bonds and solve nt accessibility of 22 residues and created a short a-helix in the C terminus of AMH.Despite having striking structure-disrupting potential,the variant was not statistically associated with the number of eggs(P>0.05)in the Lueyang black-boned chickens.We did not detect differential expression of AMH betwee n Lueya ng black-b oned chicke ns and Nick chickens(P>0.05).These results con firmed the structural impact of Val566lle,but suggested that Val566lle and AMH expression might not be the major genetic determinants for egg production in Lueyang black-boned chickens.
文摘A study was conducted to compare laying performance, fertility, hatchability, and egg quality of guinea fowl (GF) with Horro (HR) and Tilili (TL) local chicken and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK) exotic chicken. Forty five layers from each genotype and 6 cocks from each chicken genotype and 9 cocks from GF were used in 3 replications in a completely randomized design. Commercial layer feed was used ad libitum for the study that lasted 29 weeks. Daily DM intake per hen was 85, 114, 103 and 137 g (SEM = 3.1) for GF, HR, TL and PK, respectively, and was in the order of GF < TL < HR < PK. Final body weight of hens was highest for PK (2490 g), intermediate for HR (1983 g) and lowest for TL (1671 g) and GF (1641 g). Egg number per production week followed a similar trend like that of DM intake and was 71, 101, 75 and 121 (SEM = 0.5) for GF, HR, TL and PK, respectively. Both fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs for GF were 57%, which were lower than the mean of chicken genotypes by 41% and 34%, respectively. Embryonic mortality was higher for GF (early, middle and late was 15.8%, 10.0%. and 17.4% respectively) compared to chicken genotypes. Chick weight was highest for PK, intermediate for HR and TL and lowest for GF;while chick length was in the order of PK > HR > TL > GF. Average egg weight was higher for PK eggs (46.4 g), intermediate for HR (43.5 g) and TL (42.3 g), and lowest for GF (35.9 g). Eggshell weight and thickness were higher for GF than chicken genotypes. Haugh unit was similar among genotypes. Such differences among poultry genotypes could be reflection of previous selection and breeding interventions, which are apparently more in chicken genotypes than GF. A possible more stressful condition of the confined environment for GF versus chicken genotypes could have also contributed to such differences. This study highlighted the need of implementing future selection and breeding schemes to improve the performance of GF and TL birds to the level achieved by other genotypes.
基金supported by the Key Project of NSFC-Henan Province Joint Fund,China(U1704233)the Innovation Research Team of Ministry of Education,China(IRT-16R23)+1 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province,China(21IRTSTHN022)the Key Scientific Research Project of Higher Education of Henan Province(21A230011)。
文摘Indigenous chicken products are increasingly favored by consumers due to their unique meat and egg quality.However,the relatively poor egg-laying performance largely impacts the economic benefits and hinders sustainable development of the local chicken industry.Thus,excavating key genes and effective molecular markers associated with egg-laying performance is necessary to improve egg production via genetic selection in indigenous breeds.In the present study,comparative hypothalamic transcriptome between pre-laying(15 weeks old)and peak-laying(30 weeks old)Lushi blueshelled-egg(LBS)chicken was performed.A total of 518 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified.Among the DEGs,64 genes were enriched in 10 Gene Ontology(GO)terms associated with reproductive regulation via GO analysis and considered as potential candidate genes regulating egg-laying performance.Of the 64 genes,16 showed high connectivity(degree≥12)by protein–protein interaction(PPI)network analysis and were considered as potential core candidate genes(PCCGs).To further look for key candidate genes from the PCCGs,firstly,the expression patterns of the 16 genes were examined in the hypothalamus of two indigenous breeds(LBS and Gushi(GS)chickens)between the pre-laying and peak-laying stages using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Eleven out of the 16 genes showed significantly differential expression(P<0.05)with the same changing trends in the two breeds.Then,correlations between the expression levels of the above 11 genes and egg numbers and reproductive hormone concentrations in serum were investigated in high-yielding and low-yielding GS chickens.Of the 11 genes,eight showed significant correlations(P<0.05)between their expression levels and egg numbers,and between expression levels and reproductive hormone concentration in serum.Furthermore,an association study on single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)identified in these eight genes and egg production traits was carried out in 640 GS hens,and a significant association(P<0.05)between the SNPs and egg numbers was confirmed.In conclusion,the eight genes,including CNR1,AP2M1,NRXN1,ANXA5,PENK,SLC1A2,SNAP25 and TRH,were demonstrated as key genes regulating egg production in indigenous chickens,and the SNPs sites within the genes might be served as markers to provide a guide for indigenous chicken breeding.These findings provide a novel insight for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of egglaying performance and developing molecular markers to improve egg production of indigenous breeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301967)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20161322)+4 种基金the projects of Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province(JQLAB-ZZ-201703)the Major Breeding Programs in Jiangsu Province,China(PZCZ201728)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-41)the Independent Scientific Foundation of Public Welfare Scientific Institutes in Jiangsu Province,China(BM2018026)the Open Projects of Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(CGB-201704)。
文摘Previous studies on mammals showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α(PGC-1α)played a prominent role in regulating muscle fiber type transition and composition.However,the role of PGC-1αin chicken muscle has seldom been explored.To investigate the effect of PGC-1αon chicken skeletal muscles in this study,the PGC-1αgene was overexpressed or silenced in chicken primary myoblasts by using lentivirus,and then the effects of the PGC-1αgene overexpression and knockdown on the mRNA expression profile of genes related to myofiber type specificity were examined during fiber formation.The results showed that overexpression of PGC-1αfrom proliferation to differentiation was accompanied by the up-regulated expression of Pax7,MyoD,and CnAα,which was significantly(P<0.01)increased after one day of transfection(1 I).The enhancement of MyoG,MEF2 c,and MyHC SM expression lagged,which was improved significantly(P<0.01)after four days of transfection(1 I3 D).Overexpression of PGC-1αdecreased(P<0.01)the MyHC FWM expression after four days of transfection(1 I3 D),and it had no significant impact(P>0.05)on the expression of CnB1,NFATc3,and MyHC FRM during myofiber formation.The effective silence(P<0.01)of PGC-1αby lentivirus mediating short hairpin RNA(shRNA)was detected after four days of transfection(1 I3 D)in cultures,and the lack of its function in chicken primary myoblasts significantly(P<0.01)down-regulated the expression of Pax7,MyoD,CnAα,MyoG,MEF2 c,and MyHC SM,significantly(P<0.01)up-regulated the expression of MyHC FWM,and had no significant impact(P>0.05)on the expression of CnB1,NFATc3,and MyHC FRM.These results indicated that the role of PGC-1αin regulating the fiber type specificity of chicken skeletal muscles might be similar to that in mammals,which interplayed with key genes related to myocyte differentiation and calcineurin signaling pathway.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince (No. Y306220)the Scientific Research Startup Fund ofZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
文摘Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus (IN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily (about 1.7 folds) and greater body weights (about 1.5 folds) and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the IN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions, the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.
文摘Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor(GnRHR)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang(Chinese indigenous breed)chicken with restricton fragment length polymorphisms.The associations of the SNPs with the total egg production(NE),average days of continual laying(ADCL),and number of double-yolked eggs(DYE)traits were analyzed.The frequency of restriction enzyme A/a alleles in the population was for GnRHR 0.69(Bpu1102ⅠA)and 0.31(Bpu1102Ⅰa)and for NPY 0.46(Dra ⅠB)and 0.54(DraⅠb).Trait data from a total of 120 hens,which were purebredintroduced from Hainan Province,China from one generation were recorded.Two significant effects of genes'marker were found:for GnRHR and number of eggs (dominant;t=2.67,df=116)and NPY and number of eggs(additive;t=1.97,df=116).The current research supports the effects of GnRHR and NPY genes on egg-laying traits of chickens.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2013jj DA30049)
文摘In this study,PCR-RFLP technique was employed to detect the genetic polymorphism of NPY gene and analyze the effects of various genotypes on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age in 135 Donglan black-bone chicken. According to the results,there were three genotypes( AA,AB and BB) of NPY gene in Donglan black-bone chicken group. Different genotypes exhibited significant effects( P < 0. 05) on the total number of eggs at 300 days of age. The total number of eggs at 300 days of age of AA genotype was significantly higher than that of BB genotype( P < 0. 05). Therefore,the polymorphic site of NPY gene could be used as a candidate molecular marker that affects egg laying in Donglan black-bone chicken.
基金supported by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University with the grant No.9213/F1-1/2006
文摘Objective:To detect the various bacteriological agents and pathological changes in commercial layer chicken affected with egg yolk peritonitis in Namakkal region of India.Methods:A total of 6572 layer chicken from 85 commercial farms were subjected for the study,out of which 1715 showed various types of oviduct almoimalities.Among the 1715,264 birds from six farms were identified as egg peritonitis on the basis of postmortem examination.Trachea,lung,heart blood,liver,peritoneal exudate,oviduct(infundibulum,magnum,uterus)and cloacal swabs were collected from the 264 birds with egg peritonitis lesion for screening of bacterial agents.Signalment,clinical signs and pathological changes were recorded in the affected flocks.Result:The results of the present investigation indicated that the E.coli associated egg peritonitis was responsible for 15.39%of the reproductive tract abnormalities in commercial layers between 21 and 80 week of age.In the affected flocks egg production drop and mortality varied from 3%to 20%and 0.5%to 7.0%respectively.It was noticed during peak egg production(21 to 60week)and southwest monsoon season(58%).Statistical analysis of age,season and egg production by Chi square test of independence revealed highly significant difference.E.coli was isolated as a pure culture and concurrent with other bacterial agents in 226 and 38 birds respectively.Among the fifteen E.coli serotypes identified serotype O_(166),O_(?)and O_(111)were predominant.Necropsy examination of affected birds revealed the presence of amorphous or insipissiated yolk material in the abdominal cavity with inflammatory changes in the ovary,oviduct and intestine.Microscopically the oviduct surface epithelium showed degeneration and desquamation,moderate to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells especially heterophils and lymphocytes in various regions and lumen contained serofibrinous exudate,inflammatory and desquamated epithelial cells with bacterial microcolonies.Ovarian follicles revealed hyperemia,degeneration of granulosa cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Intestine showed degenerative,necrotic and inflammatory lesion.Conclusion:The findings of this study showed that the egg peritonitis might be caused by either the translocation of intestinal E.coli into the peritoneal cavity or by the movement of cloacal E.coli into the oviduct followed by ascension of these bacteria up the oviduct,through the infundibulum,and into the peritoneal cavity.To control the egg peritonitis faecal contamination with E.coli should be minimized.
基金This work is supported by a grant of the National "Tenth Five Years" Key Technologies R&D Programme,China(No.2004BA720A33-01).
文摘Objective To explore the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) inprecontact sperm-egg communication and fertility of mice in vitro.Methods Firstly, sperm chemotaxis (SC) induced by uPA was assayed by measuringthe sperm densities in capillaries with a descending gradient or no gradient of uPArespectively. Secondly, the role of uPAR that exists in sperm plasma membrane in SCwas studied by examining the change of sperm density in capillary after incubatingspermatozoa with anti-uPAR antibody. Thirdly, SC induced by eggs, which had beentreated with uPA, PAI-1 and anti-uPAR beforehand respectively, was assayed to studythe role of uPA in PSEC. Lastly, the fertilization capability of spermatozoa treated withuPA was examined by counting the number of fertilized eggs.Results 1)The density of spermatozoa that migrated down the gradient of uPA intothe capillary was significantly lower than that into the capillary containing no-gradientuPA. 2) When uPAR of spermatozoa was inhibited by anti-uPAR antibody, the densityof spermatozoa that migrated into the capillary with ascending gradient of uPAdecreased correspondingly. 3) The density of spermatozoa attracted by eggs, whichwere treated with uPA beforehand, increased significantly than that of attracted bynon-treated eggs. On the contrary, the sperm density decreased correspondingly whenthe egg was treated with PAI-1. 4) The number of fertilized eggs increased significantlyafter the spermatozoa used here was treated with uPA beforehand.Conclusion uPA could induce SC of mice sperm in vitro through the uPAR on itsmembrane, enhance the capability of egg inducing SC, and promote spermatozoa tofertilize eggs. Thus, uPA may act as an attractant in PSEC, increase the chance encounterof spermatozoa and eggs, therefore, enhance the fertility success correspondingly.This study, in some degree, provides an evidence that uPA may be used as a newmedicine and diagnostic reagent for male infertility.
文摘The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. A completely randomized design was used in the study. A total of 108 (18/genotype), 180 (30/genotype), and 90 (15/genotype) eggs were used for the sensory, composition, and egg quality tests, respectively. All data were analyzed following the GLM model using SAS software. The boiled and scrambled eggs from L, H, and C were (P ≤ 0.001) preferred followed by CH, HC, and KK. Results showed that KK, HC, CH, and C eggs were higher in moisture, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber, but these traits were found lower in H and L genotypes. A significantly highest crude protein was observed in L (21.19 ± 0.19) genotype, with higher in H (20.62 ± 0.26), intermediate in HC (19.96 ± 0.29), C (19.85 ± 0.10), and CH (19.40 ± 0.37), whereas the eggs from KK genotype had the lowest crude protein content (18.69 ± 0.20). The egg quality was (P = 0.001 - 0.01) affected across traits except for eggshell indices (P > 0.05). The genotypes with a negative significant correlation with crude protein had a positive significant correlation with almost all composition and egg external quality traits. The genotypes with positive significant correlations of egg weight had positive significant correlations with most internal egg quality traits except that of yolk weight ratio, yolk albumen ratio, and yolk color. Conclusively: the eggs of L, H, and C genotypes were best favored followed by CH and C, but the KK genotype was the least favored, and these differences were deemed due to genetic variations, and interventions. Furthermore, the eggs laid from genotypes with deep yellow yolk color might be the most nutritious. It could also necessitate future breeding and dietary studies.
文摘 In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, Gao et al.,1 in a report of increased ostial pulmonary vein diameter by multislice CT angiography reported a statistically significant enlargement of the pulmonary veins in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This finding alone should not be of any surprise as anatomic remodeling and general dilation of the cardiac chambers are well described in patients with CHF.……
文摘 In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,the article of Yu, et al1 presents an intriguing issue in the field of hypertension treatment and pathophysiology.……
基金supported by National Industrial Science and Technology Program of China(3-46)Major Agricultural Stock Breeding Project of Shandong Province(2007LZ014)+1 种基金Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(nycytx-41-z09)Innovation Fund of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘[Objective] To investigate the relationship between the egg production traits and broodiness of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens. [Method] Three chicken breeds,Shiqiza chickens(a breed preserved by Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) ,Langya chickens(a local breed in Shandong Province) and Luqin B2 chickens(a cultivated breed) were selected. Then their broodiness traits were observed and the egg productions were analyzed. Finally,the relationships between the egg production traits and broodiness were analyzed by SAS software. [Result] The Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens were broody and their broodiness rate was 15.80%,2.24% and 6.95%,respectively. Compared with the non-broody chickens,the egg productions of Shiqiza,Langya and Luqin B2 chickens were respectively decreased by 17.16%,1.53% and 10.8% at the age of 43 weeks. The three breeds had significant differences in repeats of broody cycles(P < 0.05) ,and extremely significant differences in the broodiness duration,the the first day of broodiness,the age at the first egg,total amount of abnormal eggs and amount of double-yolked eggs(P < 0.01) . [Conclusion] The broodiness is a main factor affecting egg production traits. The degree of effects of broodiness on egg production traits is decreased successively in Shiqiza chicken,Luqin B2 chicken and Langya chicken.
基金Supported by Taizhou Science and Technology Support Project of Jiangsu Province(No.TN201326)
文摘[Objective] In order to study incubation conditions of Tibetan chickens in low altitude areas. [Method]Eggs of Tibetan chicken were transported to low altitude areas in highland areas for artificial hatching. [Results] The results showed that the average hatching rate of fertilized eggs was 85. 33%; the average healthy chick rate was 91. 77 %; the average primary body mass was 31. 21 g. Hatching rate of eggs in group 2 was the highest,which reached 90. 52%,the average egg mass was 43. 25 g and the average egg shape index was 1. 32. Hatching rate of eggs in group 2 was 13. 11% and 2. 47% higher than that in group 1 and group 3 respectively,which was 5. 19% higher than the average value. Hatching rate and healthy chick rate of eggs in group 2 also showed the same trend. [Conclusion] High hatching effect could be obtained under the better hatching condition in low altitude areas in highland areas.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-41)the earmarked fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System, China (JATS[2021]396)+6 种基金the Special Fund for Major Breeding Programs in Jiangsu Province (PZCZ201728)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20161322, BK20211121, and BK20210955)the Projects of Key Laboratory for Poultry Genetics and Breeding of Jiangsu Province (JQLAB-ZZ-201703)the Open Project Program of Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, China (JILAR-KF202020)the Yangzhou Science and Technology Support Program for Modem Agriculture (YZ2021029)the Jiangsu Provincal Agricultural Independent Innovation Fund Project (CX(21)2011-1)the Independent Scientific Foundation of Public Welfare Scientific Institutes of Jiangsu Province (BM2018026)。
文摘The mechanisms that regulate the specificity and maintenance of chicken muscle fiber types remain largely unknown. In mammals, CSRP3 has been shown to play a vital role in the maintenance of typical muscle structure and function. This study investigated the role that CSRP3 plays in chicken skeletal muscle. First, the antibody against chicken CSRP3 protein was prepared, and the expression levels of the mRNA and protein of the CSRP3 gene in four chicken skeletal muscles with different myofiber compositions were compared. Then the effects of CSRP3 silencing on the expression profile of chicken myoblast transcriptomes were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of the mRNA and protein of the CSRP3 gene were both associated with the composition of fiber types in chicken skeletal muscles. A total of 650 genes with at least 1.5-fold differences(Q<0.05) were identified, of which 255 genes were upregulated and 395 genes were downregulated by CSRP3 silencing. Functional enrichment showed that several pathways, including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, adipocytokine signaling pathway and apelin signaling pathway, were significantly(P<0.05) enriched both in differentially expressed genes and all expressed genes. The co-expressed gene network suggested that CSRP3 silencing caused a compensatory upregulation(Q<0.05) of genes related to the assembly of myofibrils, muscle differentiation, and contraction. Meanwhile, two fast myosin heavy chain genes(MyH1B and MyH1E)were upregulated(Q<0.05) upon CSRP3 silencing. These results suggested that CSRP3 plays a crucial role in chicken myofiber composition, and affects the distribution of chicken myofiber types, probably by regulating the expression of MyH1B and MyH1E.
基金Supported by Breeding and Demonstration Promotion of New Yaoshan Chicken Strains(QNYZ[2014]008)Key Gene Screening of Broodiness Breeding of Yaoshan Chicken(QKHJ[2014]2012)Doctoral Starting up Foundation of Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary in 2014:STAT5Gene Mutation Detection of Yaoshan Chicken and Associated Analysis with Egg Production Traits&CDS Region’s Cloning and Differential Expression of ONECUT1 Gene in Yaoshan Chicken and Associated Analysis with Production Traits(QKH LH[2015]7067)
文摘To improve egg production performance of local chicken breed in Guizhou Province,Libo Yaoshan chicken,with dopamine receptor 2( DRD2) as one of the candidate genes,we detected its genetic variation in 196 Libo Yaoshan hens using PCR-SSCP( single-strand conformation polymorphism) and sequencing method,and analyzed the correlation between genetic variation and egg production traits. The results showed that TT and TG genotypes in mRNA SNP962( C→T)loci of the DRD2 gene had extremely significant difference in egg production at 38 weeks age( P < 0. 01),and significant difference in egg weight at 300 days age( P <0. 05). The single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNPs) mutation induced synonymous mutation of the 312 thamino acids( leucine) in DRD2 protein,from L( CTG) to L( TTG). The mRNA SNP962( C→T) loci had a larger genetic effect on egg production at 38 weeks age,and could be used as a molecular marker in early breeding of Libo Yaoshan chicken.
