Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder seen in the elderly. The worldwide incidence of GERD is increasing as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori is decreasing. Altho...Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder seen in the elderly. The worldwide incidence of GERD is increasing as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori is decreasing. Although elderly patients with GERD have fewer symptoms, their disease is more often severe. They have more esophageal and extraesophageal complications that may be potentially life threatening. Esophageal complications include erosive esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Extraesophageal complications include atypical chest pain that can simulate angina pectoris; ear, nose, and throat manifestations such as globus sensation, laryngitis, and dental problems; pulmonary problems such as chronic cough, asthma, and pulmonary aspiration. A more aggressive approach may be warranted in the elderly patient, because of the higher incidence of severe complications. Although the evaluation and management of GERD are generally the same in elderly patients as for all adults, there are specific issues of causation, evaluation and treatment that must be considered when dealing with the elderly.展开更多
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness,...Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness, dyspepsia and nausea. Typically, diag-nosis is presumptive given the presence of typical and atypical symptoms and is an indication for empiric therapy. Treatment management can include lifestyle modifications and/or medication therapy with proton pump inhibitor(PPI) class being the preferred and most effective. Complete symptom resolution is not always achieved and long-term PPI therapy can put patients at risk for serious side effects and needless expense. The brain-gut connection and hypervigilance plays an important role in symptom resolution and treatment success, especially in the case of non-PPI responders. Hypervigilance is a combination of increased esophageal sensory sensitivity in combination with exaggerated threat perception surrounding esophageal symptoms. Hypervigilance requires a different approach to GERD managements, where continued PPI therapy and surgery are usually not recommended. Rather, helping physicians and patients understand the brain-gut connection can guide and improve care.Education and reassurance should be the main pillars or treatment. However, it is important not to suggest the symptoms are due to anxiety alone, this often leads to patient dissatisfaction. Patient dissatisfaction with treatment reveals the need for a more patient-centered approach to GERD management and better communication between patients and providers. Shared decision making(SDM) with the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes(PRO) promotes patient adherence and satisfaction. SDM is a joint discussion between clinician and patient in which a mutually shared solution is explored for GERD symptoms. For SDM to work the physician needs to capture patients' perceptions which may not be obtained in the standard interview. This can be done through the use of PROs which promote a dialogue with patients about their symptoms and treatment priorities in the context of the SDM patient encounter. SDM could potentially help in the management of patient expectations for GERD treatment, ultimately positively impacting their health-related quality of life.展开更多
Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs),the most commonly used antisecretory medications in the management of reflux illness,virtually eliminate elective surgery for ulcer disease,and relegate anti-reflux surgery to patients wit...Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs),the most commonly used antisecretory medications in the management of reflux illness,virtually eliminate elective surgery for ulcer disease,and relegate anti-reflux surgery to patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)who are inadequately managed by medical therapy.However,PPI medications still leave some therapeutic demands of GERD unmet.Furthermore,up to 40%-55%of daily PPI users have chronic symptoms,due to PPI refractoriness.Potassium-competitive acid blockers(P-CABs)transcend many of the problems and limits of PPIs,delivering quick,powerful,and extended acid suppression and allowing for treatment of numerous unmet needs.Recently,it has become clear that compromised mucosal integrity plays a role in the etiology of GERD.As a result,esophageal mucosal protection has emerged as a novel and potential treatment approach.An increasing body of research demonstrates that when P-CABs are used as primary drugs or add-on drugs(to regular treatment),they provide a considerable extra benefit,particularly in alleviating symptoms that do not respond to PPI therapy.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and their association with clinical and functional characteristics in elderly outpatients. METHODS： The study involved 3238 outpatients ≥ 60 years ...AIM： To evaluate the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and their association with clinical and functional characteristics in elderly outpatients. METHODS： The study involved 3238 outpatients ≥ 60 years consecutively enrolled by 107 general practitioners. Information on social, behavioral and de- mographic characteristics, function in the activities of daily living （ADL）, co-morbidities and drug use were collected by a structured interview. Upper gastroin- testinal symptom data were collected by the 15-items upper gastro-intestinal symptom questionnaire for the elderly, a validated diagnostic tool which includes the following five symptom clusters： （1） abdominal pain syndrome; （2） reflux syndrome; （3） indigestion syn- drome; （4） bleeding, and （5） non-specific symptoms. Presence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed through a logistic regression model. RESULTS： 3100 subjects were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of upper gastrointes- tinal symptoms was 43.0%, i.e. cluster （1） 13.9%, （2） 21.9%, （3） 30.2%, （4） 1.2%, and （5） 4.5%. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequently re- ported by females （P 〈 0.0001）, with high number of co-morbidities （P 〈 0.0001）, who were taking higher number of drugs （P 〈 0.0001） and needed assistance in the ADL. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female sex （OR = 1.39, 95% CI： 1.17-1.64）, dis- ability in the ADL （OR = 1.47, 95% CI： 1.12-1.93）, smoking habit （OR = 1.29, 95% C]： 1.00-1.65）, and body mass index （OR = 1.06, 95% CI： 1.04-1.08）, as well as the presence of upper （OR = 3.01, 95% C]： 2.52-3.60） and lower gastroenterological diseases （OR = 2.25, 95%CI： 1.70-2.97）, psychiatric （OR = 1.60, 95% CI： 1.28-2.01） and respiratory diseases （OR = 1.25, 95% C]： 1.01-1.54） were significantly associated with the presence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION： Functional and clinical characteristics are associated with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. A multidimensional comprehensive evaluation may be useful when approaching upper gastrointestinal symp- toms in older subjects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)and high-grade dysplasia(HGD)may appear in young patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE).However,characteristics of Barrett's-related neoplasia in this younger population...BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)and high-grade dysplasia(HGD)may appear in young patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE).However,characteristics of Barrett's-related neoplasia in this younger population remain unknown.AIM To identify clinical characteristics that differ between young and old patients with early-stage Barrett's-related neoplasia.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database comprised of consecutive patients with early-stage EAC(pT1)and HGD at a tertiary-referral center between 2001 and 2017.Baseline characteristics,drug and risk factor exposures,clinicopathological staging of EAC/HGD and treatment outcomes[complete eradication of neoplasia(CE-N),complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia(CE-IM),recurrence of neoplasia and recurrence of intestinal metaplasia]were retrieved.Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that differed significantly between older and younger(≤50 years)patients.RESULTS We identified 450 patients with T1 EAC and HGD(74%and 26%,respectively);45(10%)were≤50 years.Compared to the older group,young patients were more likely to present with ongoing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)symptoms(55%vs 38%,P=0.04)and to be obese(body mass index>30,48%vs 32%,P=0.04).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that young patients were significantly more likely to have ongoing GERD symptoms[odds ratio(OR)2.00,95%confidence interval(CI)1.04-3.85,P=0.04]and to be obese(OR 2.06,95%CI 1.07-3.98,P=0.03)whereas the young group was less likely to have a smoking history(OR 0.39,95%CI 0.20-0.75,P<0.01)compared to the old group.However,there were no significant differences regarding tumor histology,CE-N,CE-IM,recurrence of neoplasia and recurrence of intestinal metaplasia(mean follow-up,44.3 mo).CONCLUSION While guidelines recommend BE screening in patients>50 years of age,younger patients should be considered for screening endoscopy if they suffer from obesity and GERD symptoms.展开更多
目的:分析老年胃食管反流病(gastroesoph-ageal reflux disease,GERD)患者临床症状,并观察疗效.方法:随机选取2006-01/2008-01我院消化内科门诊符合GERD诊断的患者2000例,将患者分为2组,老年组1000例(≥60岁)和非老年组1000例(<60岁)...目的:分析老年胃食管反流病(gastroesoph-ageal reflux disease,GERD)患者临床症状,并观察疗效.方法:随机选取2006-01/2008-01我院消化内科门诊符合GERD诊断的患者2000例,将患者分为2组,老年组1000例(≥60岁)和非老年组1000例(<60岁).比较2组患者各种症状的发生率以及综合治疗前后RDQ量表评分变化.结果:GERD患者老年组食道外症状的发生率明显高于非老年组(P<0.01),综合治疗后与治疗前比较RDQ量表评分均数明显下降(老年组:8.52±4.32 vs 16.67±4.56,P<0.01;非老年组:7.23±5.56 vs 17.56±6.65,P<0.01),2组综合治疗均有明显疗效.结论:老年GERD患者应注意鉴别诊断及多系统综合治疗,才能达到全面康复的疗效.展开更多
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder seen in the elderly. The worldwide incidence of GERD is increasing as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori is decreasing. Although elderly patients with GERD have fewer symptoms, their disease is more often severe. They have more esophageal and extraesophageal complications that may be potentially life threatening. Esophageal complications include erosive esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Extraesophageal complications include atypical chest pain that can simulate angina pectoris; ear, nose, and throat manifestations such as globus sensation, laryngitis, and dental problems; pulmonary problems such as chronic cough, asthma, and pulmonary aspiration. A more aggressive approach may be warranted in the elderly patient, because of the higher incidence of severe complications. Although the evaluation and management of GERD are generally the same in elderly patients as for all adults, there are specific issues of causation, evaluation and treatment that must be considered when dealing with the elderly.
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a common upper esophageal condition and typical symptoms can include heartburn and sensation of regurgitation while atypical symptoms include chronic cough, asthma, hoarseness, dyspepsia and nausea. Typically, diag-nosis is presumptive given the presence of typical and atypical symptoms and is an indication for empiric therapy. Treatment management can include lifestyle modifications and/or medication therapy with proton pump inhibitor(PPI) class being the preferred and most effective. Complete symptom resolution is not always achieved and long-term PPI therapy can put patients at risk for serious side effects and needless expense. The brain-gut connection and hypervigilance plays an important role in symptom resolution and treatment success, especially in the case of non-PPI responders. Hypervigilance is a combination of increased esophageal sensory sensitivity in combination with exaggerated threat perception surrounding esophageal symptoms. Hypervigilance requires a different approach to GERD managements, where continued PPI therapy and surgery are usually not recommended. Rather, helping physicians and patients understand the brain-gut connection can guide and improve care.Education and reassurance should be the main pillars or treatment. However, it is important not to suggest the symptoms are due to anxiety alone, this often leads to patient dissatisfaction. Patient dissatisfaction with treatment reveals the need for a more patient-centered approach to GERD management and better communication between patients and providers. Shared decision making(SDM) with the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes(PRO) promotes patient adherence and satisfaction. SDM is a joint discussion between clinician and patient in which a mutually shared solution is explored for GERD symptoms. For SDM to work the physician needs to capture patients' perceptions which may not be obtained in the standard interview. This can be done through the use of PROs which promote a dialogue with patients about their symptoms and treatment priorities in the context of the SDM patient encounter. SDM could potentially help in the management of patient expectations for GERD treatment, ultimately positively impacting their health-related quality of life.
文摘Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs),the most commonly used antisecretory medications in the management of reflux illness,virtually eliminate elective surgery for ulcer disease,and relegate anti-reflux surgery to patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)who are inadequately managed by medical therapy.However,PPI medications still leave some therapeutic demands of GERD unmet.Furthermore,up to 40%-55%of daily PPI users have chronic symptoms,due to PPI refractoriness.Potassium-competitive acid blockers(P-CABs)transcend many of the problems and limits of PPIs,delivering quick,powerful,and extended acid suppression and allowing for treatment of numerous unmet needs.Recently,it has become clear that compromised mucosal integrity plays a role in the etiology of GERD.As a result,esophageal mucosal protection has emerged as a novel and potential treatment approach.An increasing body of research demonstrates that when P-CABs are used as primary drugs or add-on drugs(to regular treatment),they provide a considerable extra benefit,particularly in alleviating symptoms that do not respond to PPI therapy.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms and their association with clinical and functional characteristics in elderly outpatients. METHODS： The study involved 3238 outpatients ≥ 60 years consecutively enrolled by 107 general practitioners. Information on social, behavioral and de- mographic characteristics, function in the activities of daily living （ADL）, co-morbidities and drug use were collected by a structured interview. Upper gastroin- testinal symptom data were collected by the 15-items upper gastro-intestinal symptom questionnaire for the elderly, a validated diagnostic tool which includes the following five symptom clusters： （1） abdominal pain syndrome; （2） reflux syndrome; （3） indigestion syn- drome; （4） bleeding, and （5） non-specific symptoms. Presence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms were analyzed through a logistic regression model. RESULTS： 3100 subjects were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of upper gastrointes- tinal symptoms was 43.0%, i.e. cluster （1） 13.9%, （2） 21.9%, （3） 30.2%, （4） 1.2%, and （5） 4.5%. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequently re- ported by females （P 〈 0.0001）, with high number of co-morbidities （P 〈 0.0001）, who were taking higher number of drugs （P 〈 0.0001） and needed assistance in the ADL. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female sex （OR = 1.39, 95% CI： 1.17-1.64）, dis- ability in the ADL （OR = 1.47, 95% CI： 1.12-1.93）, smoking habit （OR = 1.29, 95% C]： 1.00-1.65）, and body mass index （OR = 1.06, 95% CI： 1.04-1.08）, as well as the presence of upper （OR = 3.01, 95% C]： 2.52-3.60） and lower gastroenterological diseases （OR = 2.25, 95%CI： 1.70-2.97）, psychiatric （OR = 1.60, 95% CI： 1.28-2.01） and respiratory diseases （OR = 1.25, 95% C]： 1.01-1.54） were significantly associated with the presence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSION： Functional and clinical characteristics are associated with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. A multidimensional comprehensive evaluation may be useful when approaching upper gastrointestinal symp- toms in older subjects.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)and high-grade dysplasia(HGD)may appear in young patients with Barrett's esophagus(BE).However,characteristics of Barrett's-related neoplasia in this younger population remain unknown.AIM To identify clinical characteristics that differ between young and old patients with early-stage Barrett's-related neoplasia.METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database comprised of consecutive patients with early-stage EAC(pT1)and HGD at a tertiary-referral center between 2001 and 2017.Baseline characteristics,drug and risk factor exposures,clinicopathological staging of EAC/HGD and treatment outcomes[complete eradication of neoplasia(CE-N),complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia(CE-IM),recurrence of neoplasia and recurrence of intestinal metaplasia]were retrieved.Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that differed significantly between older and younger(≤50 years)patients.RESULTS We identified 450 patients with T1 EAC and HGD(74%and 26%,respectively);45(10%)were≤50 years.Compared to the older group,young patients were more likely to present with ongoing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)symptoms(55%vs 38%,P=0.04)and to be obese(body mass index>30,48%vs 32%,P=0.04).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that young patients were significantly more likely to have ongoing GERD symptoms[odds ratio(OR)2.00,95%confidence interval(CI)1.04-3.85,P=0.04]and to be obese(OR 2.06,95%CI 1.07-3.98,P=0.03)whereas the young group was less likely to have a smoking history(OR 0.39,95%CI 0.20-0.75,P<0.01)compared to the old group.However,there were no significant differences regarding tumor histology,CE-N,CE-IM,recurrence of neoplasia and recurrence of intestinal metaplasia(mean follow-up,44.3 mo).CONCLUSION While guidelines recommend BE screening in patients>50 years of age,younger patients should be considered for screening endoscopy if they suffer from obesity and GERD symptoms.
文摘目的:分析老年胃食管反流病(gastroesoph-ageal reflux disease,GERD)患者临床症状,并观察疗效.方法:随机选取2006-01/2008-01我院消化内科门诊符合GERD诊断的患者2000例,将患者分为2组,老年组1000例(≥60岁)和非老年组1000例(<60岁).比较2组患者各种症状的发生率以及综合治疗前后RDQ量表评分变化.结果:GERD患者老年组食道外症状的发生率明显高于非老年组(P<0.01),综合治疗后与治疗前比较RDQ量表评分均数明显下降(老年组:8.52±4.32 vs 16.67±4.56,P<0.01;非老年组:7.23±5.56 vs 17.56±6.65,P<0.01),2组综合治疗均有明显疗效.结论:老年GERD患者应注意鉴别诊断及多系统综合治疗,才能达到全面康复的疗效.
