Text summarization aims to generate a concise version of the original text.The longer the summary text is,themore detailed it will be fromthe original text,and this depends on the intended use.Therefore,the problem of...Text summarization aims to generate a concise version of the original text.The longer the summary text is,themore detailed it will be fromthe original text,and this depends on the intended use.Therefore,the problem of generating summary texts with desired lengths is a vital task to put the research into practice.To solve this problem,in this paper,we propose a new method to integrate the desired length of the summarized text into the encoder-decoder model for the abstractive text summarization problem.This length parameter is integrated into the encoding phase at each self-attention step and the decoding process by preserving the remaining length for calculating headattention in the generation process and using it as length embeddings added to theword embeddings.We conducted experiments for the proposed model on the two data sets,Cable News Network(CNN)Daily and NEWSROOM,with different desired output lengths.The obtained results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with related studies.展开更多
The embedded length of anti-slide piles for slope is analyzed by three-dimensional elastoplastic shear strength reduction method. The effect of embedded pile length on the factor of safety and pile behavior is analyze...The embedded length of anti-slide piles for slope is analyzed by three-dimensional elastoplastic shear strength reduction method. The effect of embedded pile length on the factor of safety and pile behavior is analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of pile spacing, pile head conditions, pile bending stiffness and soil properties on length and behavior of pile are also analyzed. The results show that the pile spacing and the pile head conditions have significant influences on the critical embedded length of pile. It is found that the critical embedded length of pile, beyond which the factor of safety does not increase, increases with the decrease in pile spacing. The smaller the pile spacing is, the larger the integrity of the reinforced slope will be. A theoretical analysis of the slip surface is also conducted, and the slip surface determined by the pressure on piles, considering the influences of both soil and piles for slope, is in agreement with the ones in previous studies.展开更多
Rock bolt anchorage performance is crucial for tunnel support safety.We investigate the mechanical behaviour of reinforced rock and the bolts that reinforce it from the micro-scale to the macro-scale.Bolt pull-out tes...Rock bolt anchorage performance is crucial for tunnel support safety.We investigate the mechanical behaviour of reinforced rock and the bolts that reinforce it from the micro-scale to the macro-scale.Bolt pull-out tests were performed on soft rock using the distinct element method,in which a new contact model that considers bond size,is employed to constrain the main rock mechanical behaviour.The minimum sample width and height values for which the boundary effect can be neglected are first proposed through numerous tests on the influence of sample size on peak load and bond breakage.The influence of sample width is substantially greater than that of sample height.We then select an appropriate sample size to study the influence of bolt embedment length and confining pressure on the mechanical behaviours of the rock and bolt.The results show that increased rock bolt embedment length and confining pressure can increase the peak load;however,the bolt length effect is limited when exceeding the critical anchorage length.In cases without confining pressure,bond breakage occurs in the rock around the grout-rock interface and the breakage zone is rectangular,whereas in cases under confining pressure,the breakage zone presents an inverted cone shape.We use our results to discuss the influence of bond strength at the bolt-grout interface on the peak load and failure mode.The failure mode changes gradually from complex failure to single failure along the bolt-grout interface with decreasing interfacial bond strength.展开更多
基金funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development(NAFOSTED)under Grant Number 102.05-2020.26。
文摘Text summarization aims to generate a concise version of the original text.The longer the summary text is,themore detailed it will be fromthe original text,and this depends on the intended use.Therefore,the problem of generating summary texts with desired lengths is a vital task to put the research into practice.To solve this problem,in this paper,we propose a new method to integrate the desired length of the summarized text into the encoder-decoder model for the abstractive text summarization problem.This length parameter is integrated into the encoding phase at each self-attention step and the decoding process by preserving the remaining length for calculating headattention in the generation process and using it as length embeddings added to theword embeddings.We conducted experiments for the proposed model on the two data sets,Cable News Network(CNN)Daily and NEWSROOM,with different desired output lengths.The obtained results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with related studies.
文摘The embedded length of anti-slide piles for slope is analyzed by three-dimensional elastoplastic shear strength reduction method. The effect of embedded pile length on the factor of safety and pile behavior is analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of pile spacing, pile head conditions, pile bending stiffness and soil properties on length and behavior of pile are also analyzed. The results show that the pile spacing and the pile head conditions have significant influences on the critical embedded length of pile. It is found that the critical embedded length of pile, beyond which the factor of safety does not increase, increases with the decrease in pile spacing. The smaller the pile spacing is, the larger the integrity of the reinforced slope will be. A theoretical analysis of the slip surface is also conducted, and the slip surface determined by the pressure on piles, considering the influences of both soil and piles for slope, is in agreement with the ones in previous studies.
基金support for this study from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11872281,11572228)the State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering(SLDRCE19-A-06).
文摘Rock bolt anchorage performance is crucial for tunnel support safety.We investigate the mechanical behaviour of reinforced rock and the bolts that reinforce it from the micro-scale to the macro-scale.Bolt pull-out tests were performed on soft rock using the distinct element method,in which a new contact model that considers bond size,is employed to constrain the main rock mechanical behaviour.The minimum sample width and height values for which the boundary effect can be neglected are first proposed through numerous tests on the influence of sample size on peak load and bond breakage.The influence of sample width is substantially greater than that of sample height.We then select an appropriate sample size to study the influence of bolt embedment length and confining pressure on the mechanical behaviours of the rock and bolt.The results show that increased rock bolt embedment length and confining pressure can increase the peak load;however,the bolt length effect is limited when exceeding the critical anchorage length.In cases without confining pressure,bond breakage occurs in the rock around the grout-rock interface and the breakage zone is rectangular,whereas in cases under confining pressure,the breakage zone presents an inverted cone shape.We use our results to discuss the influence of bond strength at the bolt-grout interface on the peak load and failure mode.The failure mode changes gradually from complex failure to single failure along the bolt-grout interface with decreasing interfacial bond strength.
