1,4-dioxane pollution is characterized by its early identification, widespread sources and extensive distribution. The pollutant is highly mobile and persistent in the water environment and is classified as a B2(proba...1,4-dioxane pollution is characterized by its early identification, widespread sources and extensive distribution. The pollutant is highly mobile and persistent in the water environment and is classified as a B2(probable) human carcinogen. After reviewing recent researches on the pollution status,transport and transformation characteristics of 1,4-dioxane in the water environment, as well as the environmental pollution remediation and treatment technologies, and the status of environmental regulation,this paper addresses that the distribution of 1,4-dioxane in water bodies is significantly correlated with chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethylene(TCE).It is noteworthy that 1,4-dioxane often occurs in symbiosis with 1,1,1-TCA and has a similarity contamination plume distribution to 1,1,1-TCA. The natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater environment is weak, but there is a certain degree of biological oxidation attenuation. Current methods for treating 1,4-dioxane pollution mainly include extraction-treatment technology, advanced oxidation treatment technology, modified biological treatment technology and phytoremediation technology, all of which have their limitations in practical application. Currently, there is no environmental regulation available for the 1,4-dioxane pollution worldwide, and no enforceable standard established for defining the health trigger levels of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. Research on this contaminant in China is generally limited to the site or laboratory scale, and there are no studies on the environmental risk and quality standards for 1,4-dioxane in the water environment.展开更多
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the vanguard of economic development in northern China.Its manufacturing industry is more and more developed,but environmental pollution is also more serious.Based on the data of 13...The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the vanguard of economic development in northern China.Its manufacturing industry is more and more developed,but environmental pollution is also more serious.Based on the data of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2017 to 2021,the paper verifies the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on environmental pollution.Both manufacturing agglomeration and environmental pollution are dependent on spatial distribution.Therefore,the paper selects spatial econometric model to study.First,the spatial lag model and spatial error model are constructed,and then the spatial lag model is selected through the results of OLS regression,LM Test and Hausman test,and the empirical process is carried out.Finally,the empirical results are analyzed and the conclusion is drawn.展开更多
This study analyzed the impact of land-based contaminants and tertiary industrial structure on economic development in the selected Bohai Bay area,China.Based on panel data spanning 2011-2020,a vector autoregressive(V...This study analyzed the impact of land-based contaminants and tertiary industrial structure on economic development in the selected Bohai Bay area,China.Based on panel data spanning 2011-2020,a vector autoregressive(VAR)model is used to analyze and forecast the short-run and long-run relationships between three industrial structures,pollutant discharge,and economic development.The results showed that the environmental index had a long-term cointegration relationship with the industrial structure economic index.Per capital chemical oxygen demand(PCOD)and per capita ammonia nitrogen(PNH_(3)N)had a positive impact on delta per capita GDP(dPGDP),while per capita solid waste(PSW),the secondary industry rate(SIR)and delta tertiary industry(dTIR)had a negative impact on dPGDP.The VAR model under this coupling system had stability and credibility.The impulse response results showed that the short-term effect of the coupling system on dPGDP was basically consistent with the Granger causality test results.In addition,variance decomposition was used in this study to predict the long-term impact of the coupling system in the next ten periods(i.e.,ten years).It was found that dTIR had a great impact on dPGDP,with a contribution rate as high as 74.35%in the tenth period,followed by the contribution rate of PCOD up to 3.94%,while the long-term contribution rates of PSW,SIR and PNH3N were all less than 1%.The results show that the government should support the development of the tertiary industry to maintain the vitality of economic development and prevent environmental deterioration.展开更多
In this paper,the water quality of the Xixi Wetland was evaluated and the characteristics of water pollution were described according to the survey data.Based on the status of water quality and its functional requirem...In this paper,the water quality of the Xixi Wetland was evaluated and the characteristics of water pollution were described according to the survey data.Based on the status of water quality and its functional requirements as an urban wetland,biological-ecological countermeasures were suggested.The experimental use of ecological technologies,such as artificial wetlands,ecological aquiculture and artificial floating island,were done in several fish ponds in the Xixi Wetland.Water monitoring results show that the quality of the treated water has improved significantly and the measures to purify the eutrophic water in the wetland have been effective.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the influence of rapid economic development on pollution at the municipal level in China.It constructs a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population,Affluence and Technology model(STI...This study aims to investigate the influence of rapid economic development on pollution at the municipal level in China.It constructs a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population,Affluence and Technology model(STIRPAT model) and uses comprehensive municipal data on industrial pollution and economic performance.The dataset contains 290 cities from2003 to 2016 as a sample for the panel data analysis.The study further separates the cities into two groups by their levels of economic development for heterogeneity analysis.It reveals that a low level of economic development would aggravate environmental pollution,and when the economy reaches a high level,this economic development will improve environmental quality.We also find that the relationships between foreign direct investment and industrial dust and sulfur dioxide(SO_2) discharge are significant,while the relationship between economic growth and effluent emission is not.The more developed subsample cities present an inverted U-shaped curve between industrial pollutant emission,GDP per capita,and foreign direct investment,while the less developed subsamples show no such relationship.Since the shape of these curves differs among regions,their turning points vary accordingly.Based on this finding,this study suggests that the governments of more developed cities should balance environmental pollution and economic development by enhancing environmental regulations and adjusting industrial structure.展开更多
In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agri...In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.展开更多
This study is planned to investigate the problems associated with the wasted sheep fleece in Jordan and to suggest methods to decrease its environmental impact. Results indicate that sheep fleece in Jordan makes an ex...This study is planned to investigate the problems associated with the wasted sheep fleece in Jordan and to suggest methods to decrease its environmental impact. Results indicate that sheep fleece in Jordan makes an excellent resource for buildings insulation material. A linear regression model is used to predict sheep number for the period (2017-2030). Based on the predicted number of Sheep an estimated annual average production of wool is found for the period (2017-2030) to be (3.586 × 10<sup>3</sup> ton). The average cost per kg of fleece produced is calculated to be 0.39 JD, and the estimated price of fleece per head, if market is available for raw fleece, is 1 JD. Average annual financial losses by farmers are calculated to be (3.743 × 10<sup>6</sup> JD) for the period 2002-2016, and they were estimated to be (9.421 × 10<sup>6</sup> JD) for the years 2017-2030. Physical characteristics of sheep-wool are presented and compared to other competitive insulation materials (polystyrene and rockwool). Sustainability of sheep-wool production to be utilized as an insulation material is found to be an excellent solution to the huge waste of wool with respect to farmers and National income and to the problems associated with environmental impact. Results can be generalized to similar cases worldwide.展开更多
It is clearly stated in the 19th people's congress that we should make the environmental protection as our national policy. Therefore, it is of great importance to study this issue. This article is going to consid...It is clearly stated in the 19th people's congress that we should make the environmental protection as our national policy. Therefore, it is of great importance to study this issue. This article is going to consider 30 provinces of China as the cross-section, and utilize the data sample from 2006 to 2015 of these cross-sections to formulate a Spatial Panel Data Durbin Model to analyze the effect of FDI. By using these data, this article creates a comprehensive environmental pollution index with the help of entropy. The result indicates that the effect of FDI on environment has a non-linear and spatial spillover characteristic. Before reaching the critical value, FDI has a negative effect on environment; however, with the accumulation of FDI, it will create a significant positive effect on the environment.展开更多
The Index of Atmospheric Purity(IAP)is a popular tool used for the assessment of air quality in polluted urban areas,on the basis of phytosociological data of epiphytic lichen communities.We hypothesized that this ind...The Index of Atmospheric Purity(IAP)is a popular tool used for the assessment of air quality in polluted urban areas,on the basis of phytosociological data of epiphytic lichen communities.We hypothesized that this indicator could also be used in less polluted forest areas to determine the quality of ecological conditions for lichens.The aim of the present study was to verify the use of IAP method in the assessment of environmental pollution,and alternatively for the assessment of general ecological conditions in protected mountain forests of Gorce National Park(Polish Western Carpathians)based on the epiphytic lichen biota associated with Picea abies.The spatial distribution of IAP values on monitored sites in GNP was compared with:1)spatial distribution of accumulated sulfur,nitrogen,selected heavy metals,and total heavy metals in Hypogymnia physodes thalli in 1993 and 2018(30 sites),2)mean ecological indicator values characterizing species requirements for light(L),substrate reaction(R)and nutrients(N),in 1993,2013 and 2018(33 sites).Generalized linear model and redundancy analysis were performed for disclosing most influencing factors affecting lichen communities.The study revealed a few negligible relationships between IAP values and accumulation of such elements as Ni,Mn,Cd,and Cr in both monitoring periods.Simultaneously,IAP can be useful for the identification of forest areas with a high degree of naturalness.展开更多
The high environmental pollution load caused by the massive pollutant emissions and the accumulation of endogenous and cross-regional pollution has become an important obstacle to the current ecological civilization c...The high environmental pollution load caused by the massive pollutant emissions and the accumulation of endogenous and cross-regional pollution has become an important obstacle to the current ecological civilization construction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)in China.Taking the YREB as an example,by using four environmental pollutant emission indicators,including chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),this paper established an environmental pollution load index(EPLI)based on the entropy-based measurement.Moreover,the Spatial Durbin Model was used to quantitatively analyze the drivers and spatial effects of environmental pollution load.Finally,specific scientific references were provided for formulating environmental regulations of pollution source control in the YREB.The results showed that:1)During2011-2015,the EPLI in the YREB was reduced significantly and the environmental pollution load increased from upstream to downstream.Among them,the pollution load levels in the Upper Mainstream subbasin,Taihu Lake subbasin,and Lower Mainstream subbasin were the most prominent.2)The environmental pollution load situation in the YREB was generally stable and partially improved.High load level areas were mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta Region and the provincial borders in upstream,midstream,and downstream areas.The high load level areas already formed in Chengdu and Chongqing were also the key regulatory points in the future.3)The degree of local environmental pollution load was apparently affected by the adjacent cities.The population size,industrialization level,and the fiscal decentralization not only drove the increase of the local environmental pollution load level,but also affected the adjacent areas through the spatial spillover effects.The land development intensity mainly drove the increase in the local EPLI in the YREB.While factors such as economic development level and agricultural economic share could only act on the environmental pollution load process in adjacent cities.4)According to the differentiation characteristics of drivers of each city,the YREB was divided into seven zones based on k-medoids cluster method,and targeted zoning control policy recommendations for alleviating environmental pollution load in the YREB were proposed.展开更多
In the context of economic globalization and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints,the environmental effect of open economy has been highly concerned by the academic community.With the implementati...In the context of economic globalization and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints,the environmental effect of open economy has been highly concerned by the academic community.With the implementation of the“Going Global”campaign and the“Belt and Road Initiative”,China’s OFDI has been expanding.What is the impact of the rapid growth of OFDI on the home environment?How can China improve the quality and level of OFDI in order to promote domestic green development under the dual context of constructing a new dual circulation development pattern and advocating green development?These questions deserve further discussion.Most of the existing literature focuses on the empirical interpretation of OFDI’s home country environmental effect by using linear models,while few involve nonlinear models.The literature on the important role of financial development in home country and the threshold effect of OFDI on home country environment is even less common.In view of this,based on the mechanism of argumentation and propositional inference,this paper calculated the environmental pollution index of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017 by using China’s provincial panel data of these years and selecting industrial waste water,industrial waste gas,industrial SO_(2),and industrial soot emissions and industrial solid waste production amount index.Then,this paper empirically studied China's OFDI home environment of financial development threshold effect by constructing financial development as the threshold variables panel threshold model.The results showed that:①China’s OFDI had a significant impact on the environment of the home country,based on the level of financial development of the home country.When China’s financial development level was lower than the first threshold value,China’s OFDI had a significant restraining effect on environmental pollution in the home country.When China’s financial development level crossed the first threshold value but did not exceed the second threshold value,China’s OFDI significantly enhanced its inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in its home country.When China’s financial development level was higher than the second threshold value,the inhibiting effect of China’s OFDI on environmental pollution in the home country was further enhanced.②In the sample period,the financial development level of most provinces in China was not high.Only a few provinces with high financial development level had a strong inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in their home country,and the provinces with a high degree of coupling and coordination between OFDI and financial development tended to have a low level of environmental pollution.Accordingly,this paper proposes to optimize the financial service environment of OFDI,improve the green technology content of OFDI,and strengthen the original innovation and re-innovation ability of green technology.展开更多
Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simu...Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simultaneous equation to analyze the relationship between fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment,and environmental pollution.The results showed that environmental pollution has the characteristics of time inertia and positive spatial spillover;fiscal decentralization and local government competition have a significant“race to bottom”effect on environmental pollution;and with the increase of fiscal decentralization,environmental quality will deteriorate.In the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution under the system of fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment aggravates environmental pollution.Meanwhile,if the environmental pollution in a given region is serious,the willingness of foreign investors to invest therein is lessened to a certain extent.Based on the conditions in China,certain policy suggestions are put forward to increase environmental quality,such as building a comprehensive performance assessment mechanism that includes environmental quality,optimizing the decentralization system,and raising the threshold of foreign investment access.展开更多
Interaction of environmental pollution between peripheral areas has become a central topic in the field of resources and environment but little is known about the actual impact on peripheral areas in the current liter...Interaction of environmental pollution between peripheral areas has become a central topic in the field of resources and environment but little is known about the actual impact on peripheral areas in the current literature.This paper sets out a simultaneous equation model to investigate the spillover effect of environmental pollution between China's peripheral areas utilizing the panel data of 218 cities in China.Making use of indicators for measuring the impact on environmental pollution,it identifies that environmental pollution between cities of China has a significant two-way spillover effect.After standardization of variables,it is found that the spillover effect of peripheral areas on urban environmental pollution cannot be neglected.Nearly,a third of the environmental pollution level in a city is induced by the environmental pollution in peripheral areas.If the indicator of environmental pollution in peripheral areas is missing,wrong conclusions will be drawn.Therefore,government should shift the emphasis of environmental regulation from local to global,and improve the overall environmental quality through coordinated management of regional environment.展开更多
With the development of economy,people’s awareness of environmental protection has been constantly awakened,and their attention to environmental governance has also been increasing.The environmental conditions of res...With the development of economy,people’s awareness of environmental protection has been constantly awakened,and their attention to environmental governance has also been increasing.The environmental conditions of residential areas are also becoming more and more important for residents to make settlement decisions.This study is the first to match the data of the air quality index to the data on the health monitoring of the floating population at the urban level.Moreover,it is the first to discuss the influence of environmental pollution on the settlement decision of the floating population.The results reveal that the higher the degree of environmental pollution(the level of infrastructure and public welfare)in a city,the greater the probability that the floating population will leave the city.The effects of environmental pollution are significant after considering other household,personal,and city characteristics of a population.Regarding family income constraints,the impact of environmental pollution on the migration decision of middle-income groups in the floating population is significantly lower than that of low-income groups.Moreover,there is a threshold effect of income.The influence of environmental pollution on the corresponding floating population settlement decision is different under different urban scales and current housing prices.展开更多
Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern,and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present,there are difficulties of putting a case on file,collecting...Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern,and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present,there are difficulties of putting a case on file,collecting evidence,judicial identification,and presumption of causal relationship in investigation of environmental pollution cases. In accordance with current situations,it came up following recommendations:(i) widely collecting case clues to solve the difficulty of putting a case on file;(ii) improving the ability of collecting evidence and standardizing the evidence collection,to solve the difficulty of evidence collection.(iii) including the environmental pollution judicial identification system,and unifying the identification standards,to solve the difficulty in identification. It is recommended to use the epidemiological causal relationship theory combined with enough high-quality evidences to solve the difficulty in presumption of causal relationship.展开更多
China has proposed the notion of sustainable development in the framework of a hazardous society in response to global environmental challenges.Research on regulatory concerns is critical for ensuring the application ...China has proposed the notion of sustainable development in the framework of a hazardous society in response to global environmental challenges.Research on regulatory concerns is critical for ensuring the application of the concept of sustainable development in the building industry.China’s regulation,on the other hand,suffers from a lack of supply and an ambiguous value orientation.The former is a symptom of the current regulatory structure,whereas the latter is the root of the problem.To overcome the value-oriented dilemma,some studies plan to conduct research using the logic of the norm.This has the disadvantage of having a limited field of vision.The interaction between man and nature should be considered while examining value orientation.When anthropocentrism,ecocentrism,and anthropocentrism in ecology are compared to the environmental legislation in my nation,it is clear that anthropocentrism in ecology is the value orientation that should be followed at the moment.Three challenges that require attention are presented based on this value orientation,as well as the uniqueness of the construction industry and risk society theory.展开更多
Advancements in technology and surgical training programs have increased the adaptability of minimally invasive surgery(MIS).Gastrointestinal MIS is superior to its open counterparts regarding post-operative morbidity...Advancements in technology and surgical training programs have increased the adaptability of minimally invasive surgery(MIS).Gastrointestinal MIS is superior to its open counterparts regarding post-operative morbidity and mortality.MIS has become the first-line surgical intervention for some types of gastrointestinal surgery,such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendicectomy.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main gas used for insufflation in MIS.CO_(2)contributes 9%-26%of the greenhouse effect,resulting in global warming.The rise in global CO_(2)concentration since 2000 is about 20 ppm per decade,up to 10 times faster than any sustained rise in CO_(2)during the past 800000 years.Since 1970,there has been a steady yet worrying increase in average global temperature by 1.7℃ per century.A recent systematic review of the carbon footprint in MIS showed a range of 6-814 kg of CO_(2)emission per surgery,with higher CO_(2)emission following robotic compared to laparoscopic surgery.However,with superior benefits of MIS over open surgery,this poses an ethical dilemma to surgeons.A recent survey in the United Kingdom of 130 surgeons showed that the majority(94%)were concerned with climate change but felt that the lack of leadership was a barrier to improving environmental sustainability.Given the deleterious environmental effects of MIS,this study aims to summarize the trends of MIS and its carbon footprint,awareness and attitudes towards this issue,and efforts and challenges to ensuring environmental sustainability.展开更多
Microplastic has been found in all major waterbodies in the world. Many examples of ingestion of microplastic by marine organisms have been reported. This presence of microplastic in marine organisms gives it the poss...Microplastic has been found in all major waterbodies in the world. Many examples of ingestion of microplastic by marine organisms have been reported. This presence of microplastic in marine organisms gives it the possibility to penetrate the human food chain by increasing the chance of microplastic in seafood targeted for human consumption. Although it is known that parts of the Indian Ocean suffer from significant plastic pollution, much of the systematic research on the microplastic abundance in different regions of the Indian Ocean stems only from the last five years. This manuscript reviews the available literature of 2015-2022 on the presence of microplastics in commercially important fish species in the Indian Ocean. The literature data on microplastic content on beaches, in subtidal sediment, in the sediment from the ocean floor, and in surface water of different regions of the Indian Ocean is reviewed, also.展开更多
文摘1,4-dioxane pollution is characterized by its early identification, widespread sources and extensive distribution. The pollutant is highly mobile and persistent in the water environment and is classified as a B2(probable) human carcinogen. After reviewing recent researches on the pollution status,transport and transformation characteristics of 1,4-dioxane in the water environment, as well as the environmental pollution remediation and treatment technologies, and the status of environmental regulation,this paper addresses that the distribution of 1,4-dioxane in water bodies is significantly correlated with chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane(1,1,1-TCA) and trichloroethylene(TCE).It is noteworthy that 1,4-dioxane often occurs in symbiosis with 1,1,1-TCA and has a similarity contamination plume distribution to 1,1,1-TCA. The natural attenuation of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater environment is weak, but there is a certain degree of biological oxidation attenuation. Current methods for treating 1,4-dioxane pollution mainly include extraction-treatment technology, advanced oxidation treatment technology, modified biological treatment technology and phytoremediation technology, all of which have their limitations in practical application. Currently, there is no environmental regulation available for the 1,4-dioxane pollution worldwide, and no enforceable standard established for defining the health trigger levels of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. Research on this contaminant in China is generally limited to the site or laboratory scale, and there are no studies on the environmental risk and quality standards for 1,4-dioxane in the water environment.
文摘The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is the vanguard of economic development in northern China.Its manufacturing industry is more and more developed,but environmental pollution is also more serious.Based on the data of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2017 to 2021,the paper verifies the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on environmental pollution.Both manufacturing agglomeration and environmental pollution are dependent on spatial distribution.Therefore,the paper selects spatial econometric model to study.First,the spatial lag model and spatial error model are constructed,and then the spatial lag model is selected through the results of OLS regression,LM Test and Hausman test,and the empirical process is carried out.Finally,the empirical results are analyzed and the conclusion is drawn.
基金supported by the research funds for Coupling Research on Industrial Upgrade and Environmental Management in the Bohai Rim-Technique,methodology,and Environmental Economic Policies(No.42076221).
文摘This study analyzed the impact of land-based contaminants and tertiary industrial structure on economic development in the selected Bohai Bay area,China.Based on panel data spanning 2011-2020,a vector autoregressive(VAR)model is used to analyze and forecast the short-run and long-run relationships between three industrial structures,pollutant discharge,and economic development.The results showed that the environmental index had a long-term cointegration relationship with the industrial structure economic index.Per capital chemical oxygen demand(PCOD)and per capita ammonia nitrogen(PNH_(3)N)had a positive impact on delta per capita GDP(dPGDP),while per capita solid waste(PSW),the secondary industry rate(SIR)and delta tertiary industry(dTIR)had a negative impact on dPGDP.The VAR model under this coupling system had stability and credibility.The impulse response results showed that the short-term effect of the coupling system on dPGDP was basically consistent with the Granger causality test results.In addition,variance decomposition was used in this study to predict the long-term impact of the coupling system in the next ten periods(i.e.,ten years).It was found that dTIR had a great impact on dPGDP,with a contribution rate as high as 74.35%in the tenth period,followed by the contribution rate of PCOD up to 3.94%,while the long-term contribution rates of PSW,SIR and PNH3N were all less than 1%.The results show that the government should support the development of the tertiary industry to maintain the vitality of economic development and prevent environmental deterioration.
文摘In this paper,the water quality of the Xixi Wetland was evaluated and the characteristics of water pollution were described according to the survey data.Based on the status of water quality and its functional requirements as an urban wetland,biological-ecological countermeasures were suggested.The experimental use of ecological technologies,such as artificial wetlands,ecological aquiculture and artificial floating island,were done in several fish ponds in the Xixi Wetland.Water monitoring results show that the quality of the treated water has improved significantly and the measures to purify the eutrophic water in the wetland have been effective.
基金financially supported by the Major Program of National Social Science Foundation (No.16ZDA006)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.71603193 and 71974151)Teaching and Research Project of Wuhan University (No.1201-413200127)。
文摘This study aims to investigate the influence of rapid economic development on pollution at the municipal level in China.It constructs a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population,Affluence and Technology model(STIRPAT model) and uses comprehensive municipal data on industrial pollution and economic performance.The dataset contains 290 cities from2003 to 2016 as a sample for the panel data analysis.The study further separates the cities into two groups by their levels of economic development for heterogeneity analysis.It reveals that a low level of economic development would aggravate environmental pollution,and when the economy reaches a high level,this economic development will improve environmental quality.We also find that the relationships between foreign direct investment and industrial dust and sulfur dioxide(SO_2) discharge are significant,while the relationship between economic growth and effluent emission is not.The more developed subsample cities present an inverted U-shaped curve between industrial pollutant emission,GDP per capita,and foreign direct investment,while the less developed subsamples show no such relationship.Since the shape of these curves differs among regions,their turning points vary accordingly.Based on this finding,this study suggests that the governments of more developed cities should balance environmental pollution and economic development by enhancing environmental regulations and adjusting industrial structure.
文摘In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.
文摘This study is planned to investigate the problems associated with the wasted sheep fleece in Jordan and to suggest methods to decrease its environmental impact. Results indicate that sheep fleece in Jordan makes an excellent resource for buildings insulation material. A linear regression model is used to predict sheep number for the period (2017-2030). Based on the predicted number of Sheep an estimated annual average production of wool is found for the period (2017-2030) to be (3.586 × 10<sup>3</sup> ton). The average cost per kg of fleece produced is calculated to be 0.39 JD, and the estimated price of fleece per head, if market is available for raw fleece, is 1 JD. Average annual financial losses by farmers are calculated to be (3.743 × 10<sup>6</sup> JD) for the period 2002-2016, and they were estimated to be (9.421 × 10<sup>6</sup> JD) for the years 2017-2030. Physical characteristics of sheep-wool are presented and compared to other competitive insulation materials (polystyrene and rockwool). Sustainability of sheep-wool production to be utilized as an insulation material is found to be an excellent solution to the huge waste of wool with respect to farmers and National income and to the problems associated with environmental impact. Results can be generalized to similar cases worldwide.
基金supported by the Hubei Province Educational Division Social Science Research Project(Grant No.15G051)
文摘It is clearly stated in the 19th people's congress that we should make the environmental protection as our national policy. Therefore, it is of great importance to study this issue. This article is going to consider 30 provinces of China as the cross-section, and utilize the data sample from 2006 to 2015 of these cross-sections to formulate a Spatial Panel Data Durbin Model to analyze the effect of FDI. By using these data, this article creates a comprehensive environmental pollution index with the help of entropy. The result indicates that the effect of FDI on environment has a non-linear and spatial spillover characteristic. Before reaching the critical value, FDI has a negative effect on environment; however, with the accumulation of FDI, it will create a significant positive effect on the environment.
基金partially financed from a university grant called"Support for young researchers",awarded to MT from the Faculty of Biology and Agriculture,the University of Rzeszów for the academic year 2017/2018Open access funding provided by University of Rzeszów,within the CRUI-CARE Agreement。
文摘The Index of Atmospheric Purity(IAP)is a popular tool used for the assessment of air quality in polluted urban areas,on the basis of phytosociological data of epiphytic lichen communities.We hypothesized that this indicator could also be used in less polluted forest areas to determine the quality of ecological conditions for lichens.The aim of the present study was to verify the use of IAP method in the assessment of environmental pollution,and alternatively for the assessment of general ecological conditions in protected mountain forests of Gorce National Park(Polish Western Carpathians)based on the epiphytic lichen biota associated with Picea abies.The spatial distribution of IAP values on monitored sites in GNP was compared with:1)spatial distribution of accumulated sulfur,nitrogen,selected heavy metals,and total heavy metals in Hypogymnia physodes thalli in 1993 and 2018(30 sites),2)mean ecological indicator values characterizing species requirements for light(L),substrate reaction(R)and nutrients(N),in 1993,2013 and 2018(33 sites).Generalized linear model and redundancy analysis were performed for disclosing most influencing factors affecting lichen communities.The study revealed a few negligible relationships between IAP values and accumulation of such elements as Ni,Mn,Cd,and Cr in both monitoring periods.Simultaneously,IAP can be useful for the identification of forest areas with a high degree of naturalness.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41971164,41530634)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA23020101)Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0406)。
文摘The high environmental pollution load caused by the massive pollutant emissions and the accumulation of endogenous and cross-regional pollution has become an important obstacle to the current ecological civilization construction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)in China.Taking the YREB as an example,by using four environmental pollutant emission indicators,including chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),sulfur dioxide(SO_(2)),and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)),this paper established an environmental pollution load index(EPLI)based on the entropy-based measurement.Moreover,the Spatial Durbin Model was used to quantitatively analyze the drivers and spatial effects of environmental pollution load.Finally,specific scientific references were provided for formulating environmental regulations of pollution source control in the YREB.The results showed that:1)During2011-2015,the EPLI in the YREB was reduced significantly and the environmental pollution load increased from upstream to downstream.Among them,the pollution load levels in the Upper Mainstream subbasin,Taihu Lake subbasin,and Lower Mainstream subbasin were the most prominent.2)The environmental pollution load situation in the YREB was generally stable and partially improved.High load level areas were mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta Region and the provincial borders in upstream,midstream,and downstream areas.The high load level areas already formed in Chengdu and Chongqing were also the key regulatory points in the future.3)The degree of local environmental pollution load was apparently affected by the adjacent cities.The population size,industrialization level,and the fiscal decentralization not only drove the increase of the local environmental pollution load level,but also affected the adjacent areas through the spatial spillover effects.The land development intensity mainly drove the increase in the local EPLI in the YREB.While factors such as economic development level and agricultural economic share could only act on the environmental pollution load process in adjacent cities.4)According to the differentiation characteristics of drivers of each city,the YREB was divided into seven zones based on k-medoids cluster method,and targeted zoning control policy recommendations for alleviating environmental pollution load in the YREB were proposed.
文摘In the context of economic globalization and increasingly tight resource and environmental constraints,the environmental effect of open economy has been highly concerned by the academic community.With the implementation of the“Going Global”campaign and the“Belt and Road Initiative”,China’s OFDI has been expanding.What is the impact of the rapid growth of OFDI on the home environment?How can China improve the quality and level of OFDI in order to promote domestic green development under the dual context of constructing a new dual circulation development pattern and advocating green development?These questions deserve further discussion.Most of the existing literature focuses on the empirical interpretation of OFDI’s home country environmental effect by using linear models,while few involve nonlinear models.The literature on the important role of financial development in home country and the threshold effect of OFDI on home country environment is even less common.In view of this,based on the mechanism of argumentation and propositional inference,this paper calculated the environmental pollution index of 30 provinces in China from 2003 to 2017 by using China’s provincial panel data of these years and selecting industrial waste water,industrial waste gas,industrial SO_(2),and industrial soot emissions and industrial solid waste production amount index.Then,this paper empirically studied China's OFDI home environment of financial development threshold effect by constructing financial development as the threshold variables panel threshold model.The results showed that:①China’s OFDI had a significant impact on the environment of the home country,based on the level of financial development of the home country.When China’s financial development level was lower than the first threshold value,China’s OFDI had a significant restraining effect on environmental pollution in the home country.When China’s financial development level crossed the first threshold value but did not exceed the second threshold value,China’s OFDI significantly enhanced its inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in its home country.When China’s financial development level was higher than the second threshold value,the inhibiting effect of China’s OFDI on environmental pollution in the home country was further enhanced.②In the sample period,the financial development level of most provinces in China was not high.Only a few provinces with high financial development level had a strong inhibiting effect on environmental pollution in their home country,and the provinces with a high degree of coupling and coordination between OFDI and financial development tended to have a low level of environmental pollution.Accordingly,this paper proposes to optimize the financial service environment of OFDI,improve the green technology content of OFDI,and strengthen the original innovation and re-innovation ability of green technology.
基金This work is supported by the Base Project of Hunan philosophy and social science[Grant number.20JD001].
文摘Based on the panel data of 272 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2017,this study used the comprehensive index of environmental pollution to measure local environmental pollution,and employed the panel simultaneous equation to analyze the relationship between fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment,and environmental pollution.The results showed that environmental pollution has the characteristics of time inertia and positive spatial spillover;fiscal decentralization and local government competition have a significant“race to bottom”effect on environmental pollution;and with the increase of fiscal decentralization,environmental quality will deteriorate.In the interaction between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution under the system of fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment aggravates environmental pollution.Meanwhile,if the environmental pollution in a given region is serious,the willingness of foreign investors to invest therein is lessened to a certain extent.Based on the conditions in China,certain policy suggestions are put forward to increase environmental quality,such as building a comprehensive performance assessment mechanism that includes environmental quality,optimizing the decentralization system,and raising the threshold of foreign investment access.
基金This paper is funded by the Innovative Talents Support Program of Liaoning Province in China[Grant number.WR2016014].
文摘Interaction of environmental pollution between peripheral areas has become a central topic in the field of resources and environment but little is known about the actual impact on peripheral areas in the current literature.This paper sets out a simultaneous equation model to investigate the spillover effect of environmental pollution between China's peripheral areas utilizing the panel data of 218 cities in China.Making use of indicators for measuring the impact on environmental pollution,it identifies that environmental pollution between cities of China has a significant two-way spillover effect.After standardization of variables,it is found that the spillover effect of peripheral areas on urban environmental pollution cannot be neglected.Nearly,a third of the environmental pollution level in a city is induced by the environmental pollution in peripheral areas.If the indicator of environmental pollution in peripheral areas is missing,wrong conclusions will be drawn.Therefore,government should shift the emphasis of environmental regulation from local to global,and improve the overall environmental quality through coordinated management of regional environment.
文摘With the development of economy,people’s awareness of environmental protection has been constantly awakened,and their attention to environmental governance has also been increasing.The environmental conditions of residential areas are also becoming more and more important for residents to make settlement decisions.This study is the first to match the data of the air quality index to the data on the health monitoring of the floating population at the urban level.Moreover,it is the first to discuss the influence of environmental pollution on the settlement decision of the floating population.The results reveal that the higher the degree of environmental pollution(the level of infrastructure and public welfare)in a city,the greater the probability that the floating population will leave the city.The effects of environmental pollution are significant after considering other household,personal,and city characteristics of a population.Regarding family income constraints,the impact of environmental pollution on the migration decision of middle-income groups in the floating population is significantly lower than that of low-income groups.Moreover,there is a threshold effect of income.The influence of environmental pollution on the corresponding floating population settlement decision is different under different urban scales and current housing prices.
文摘Environmental pollution has caused wide social concern,and it demands immediate attention to striking at the crime in the environmental pollution. At present,there are difficulties of putting a case on file,collecting evidence,judicial identification,and presumption of causal relationship in investigation of environmental pollution cases. In accordance with current situations,it came up following recommendations:(i) widely collecting case clues to solve the difficulty of putting a case on file;(ii) improving the ability of collecting evidence and standardizing the evidence collection,to solve the difficulty of evidence collection.(iii) including the environmental pollution judicial identification system,and unifying the identification standards,to solve the difficulty in identification. It is recommended to use the epidemiological causal relationship theory combined with enough high-quality evidences to solve the difficulty in presumption of causal relationship.
文摘China has proposed the notion of sustainable development in the framework of a hazardous society in response to global environmental challenges.Research on regulatory concerns is critical for ensuring the application of the concept of sustainable development in the building industry.China’s regulation,on the other hand,suffers from a lack of supply and an ambiguous value orientation.The former is a symptom of the current regulatory structure,whereas the latter is the root of the problem.To overcome the value-oriented dilemma,some studies plan to conduct research using the logic of the norm.This has the disadvantage of having a limited field of vision.The interaction between man and nature should be considered while examining value orientation.When anthropocentrism,ecocentrism,and anthropocentrism in ecology are compared to the environmental legislation in my nation,it is clear that anthropocentrism in ecology is the value orientation that should be followed at the moment.Three challenges that require attention are presented based on this value orientation,as well as the uniqueness of the construction industry and risk society theory.
文摘Advancements in technology and surgical training programs have increased the adaptability of minimally invasive surgery(MIS).Gastrointestinal MIS is superior to its open counterparts regarding post-operative morbidity and mortality.MIS has become the first-line surgical intervention for some types of gastrointestinal surgery,such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendicectomy.Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main gas used for insufflation in MIS.CO_(2)contributes 9%-26%of the greenhouse effect,resulting in global warming.The rise in global CO_(2)concentration since 2000 is about 20 ppm per decade,up to 10 times faster than any sustained rise in CO_(2)during the past 800000 years.Since 1970,there has been a steady yet worrying increase in average global temperature by 1.7℃ per century.A recent systematic review of the carbon footprint in MIS showed a range of 6-814 kg of CO_(2)emission per surgery,with higher CO_(2)emission following robotic compared to laparoscopic surgery.However,with superior benefits of MIS over open surgery,this poses an ethical dilemma to surgeons.A recent survey in the United Kingdom of 130 surgeons showed that the majority(94%)were concerned with climate change but felt that the lack of leadership was a barrier to improving environmental sustainability.Given the deleterious environmental effects of MIS,this study aims to summarize the trends of MIS and its carbon footprint,awareness and attitudes towards this issue,and efforts and challenges to ensuring environmental sustainability.
文摘Microplastic has been found in all major waterbodies in the world. Many examples of ingestion of microplastic by marine organisms have been reported. This presence of microplastic in marine organisms gives it the possibility to penetrate the human food chain by increasing the chance of microplastic in seafood targeted for human consumption. Although it is known that parts of the Indian Ocean suffer from significant plastic pollution, much of the systematic research on the microplastic abundance in different regions of the Indian Ocean stems only from the last five years. This manuscript reviews the available literature of 2015-2022 on the presence of microplastics in commercially important fish species in the Indian Ocean. The literature data on microplastic content on beaches, in subtidal sediment, in the sediment from the ocean floor, and in surface water of different regions of the Indian Ocean is reviewed, also.
